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EP4215815B1 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage à flamme d'une installation de chauffage, programme d'ordinateur, support de mémoire, appareil de réglage et de commande et appareil de chauffage - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage à flamme d'une installation de chauffage, programme d'ordinateur, support de mémoire, appareil de réglage et de commande et appareil de chauffage

Info

Publication number
EP4215815B1
EP4215815B1 EP23150529.8A EP23150529A EP4215815B1 EP 4215815 B1 EP4215815 B1 EP 4215815B1 EP 23150529 A EP23150529 A EP 23150529A EP 4215815 B1 EP4215815 B1 EP 4215815B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
heating device
heater
flame
power limit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23150529.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4215815A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-François Rouxel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP4215815A1 publication Critical patent/EP4215815A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4215815B1 publication Critical patent/EP4215815B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/022—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a flame-generating heater of a heating system, in particular when a blocked exhaust system of the heater is detected, a computer program, a storage medium, a control and regulating device and a heater.
  • a blockage in the exhaust system of a heater can lead to unsafe operating conditions.
  • the exhaust system if the exhaust system is at least partially blocked, the mixture composition of combustion air and fuel gas can drift into dangerous ranges.
  • the GB 210 5888 A It is proposed to place a sensor in an exhaust system and measure a pressure, which is then compared with a reference value. An increased pressure can indicate a blocked exhaust system.
  • the DE 10 2015 206 810 A1 proposes to detect a blockage of at least one fluid path of the burner device based on a control signal from a blower of a burner device and/or an ionization current of a flame.
  • this method is inaccurate because the operating state of the burner device is not taken into account.
  • DE 10 2010 055 567 A1 discloses a method for operating a flame-generating heater of a heating system with a heating circuit. The method comprises the step of determining a power limit of the heater based on an ionization signal of the flame of the heater and the step of operating the heater in a power range above the value of the power limit.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a method for detecting a blocked exhaust system or for operating a heater that at least partially overcomes the described problems of the prior art.
  • the method should enable reliable detection of a blocked exhaust system without increasing the complexity of the heating system.
  • the heater's operating mode should also be (automatically) adjusted based on the detection of a (partially) blocked exhaust system.
  • the invention should be easy to implement and implement and, if possible, can be retrofitted to existing heating systems without any problems.
  • steps a), b), and c) are usually performed at least once in the specified order.
  • steps a) to c) can be performed permanently or at regular (needs-based) intervals.
  • the invention serves to operate a heater with an at least partially blocked exhaust path, wherein the heater is operated with (predetermined) operating parameters that enable safe operation despite a partially blocked exhaust path.
  • the proposed method includes detecting an (undesirably large) blockage of the exhaust path, which would render safe operation of the heater impossible.
  • a partially blocked exhaust path is characterized by an (undesired) obstruction of the exhaust gas flow and thus an increase in the flow resistance of the exhaust path, for example due to its narrowing due to deposits on a wall of the exhaust path.
  • the method can be used with any heating device, but it appears particularly useful for gas-powered heaters.
  • the invention can be used particularly advantageously with a heater with a pneumatic gas-air system.
  • the flame-generating heater can be configured, in particular, to combust one or more fossil fuels, such as natural gas or hydrogen, with the addition of combustion air, thus providing thermal energy, for example, for heating a building or supplying hot water.
  • the heater typically comprises at least one burner and a device that conveys a mixture of fuel (gas) and combustion air through a mixture channel of the heater to the burner.
  • the exhaust gas produced by the combustion can be conducted through an exhaust pipe of the heater, which can be part of a (higher-level) exhaust system, for example that of a building.
  • the heater may comprise a pneumatic gas-air combination, which is characterized in that a mass flow of combustion air is passed through a Venturi device (Venturi nozzle) and combustion gas can be added according to the resulting negative pressure.
  • a Venturi device Vaturi nozzle
  • the heating circuit comprises, in particular, a heating fluid that can be heated by the heater.
  • the heating fluid can be supplied to one or more consumers (e.g., heat exchangers such as radiators, etc., and/or hot water dispensers such as showers, etc.) by means of a circulation pump. It is possible for the heating fluid to be reheated by the heater after releasing heat.
  • a first lower power limit of the heater is determined based on the flow rate of a heating circuit of the heating system. This means, in particular, that a (current and/or maximum) flow rate of the heating fluid in the heating circuit is measured.
  • the flow rate can then, for example, be mathematically included in an evaluation that leads to a value of a first lower power limit of the heater.
  • the first lower power limit is, in particular, a measure of the minimum power requirement of the heating circuit for the heater.
  • a second lower power limit of the heater is determined based on an ionization signal from the heater's flame. This means, in particular, that the (current) quality of the heating fluid's flame is determined using a measured ionization signal in the vicinity of the flame. This ionization signal can then, for example, be mathematically incorporated into an evaluation that leads to a value for a second lower power limit of the heater.
  • the second lower power limit is, in particular, a measure of whether controllable or stable flame formation is present in the heater.
  • step c) the (controlled or adjusted) operation of the heater takes place in a power range above the larger of the first power limit or the second power limit.
  • Step c) can thus include comparing the first lower power limit determined in step a) with the second lower power limit determined in step b), and regulating and/or adjusting the operation of the heater so that it operates in a power range above the larger of the two power limits.
  • the first lower performance limit according to step a) can be determined based on the current flow rate of the heating circuit.
  • the flow rate of the heating circuit is essentially determined by the current operation and/or the maximum operation of the heating circuit's circulation pump.
  • a first flow rate D P can be specified with a value that is calculated and provided by the circulation pump through internal routines.
  • the (current) value for the flow rate D P provided by the circulation pump can, for example, be retrieved by a control and regulation device, which preferably also allows the method proposed here to be carried out.
  • the circulation pump is in particular one whose Output is (automatically) controlled by means of a (current) differential pressure and/or a (current) temperature difference in the heating circuit. Differential pressure is the pressure difference between the heating fluid entering and leaving the circulation pump. The pressure in the heating circuit can drop when many consumers are active, which then results in an increase in the circulation pump's output.
  • the circulation pump reacts in particular to temperature differences between a temperature in the (hot, downstream of the heater) flow and a temperature in the (colder, upstream of the heater) return. If the temperature difference is small, for example, this is an indication that the pump output is currently too high, which leads to a reduction in the circulation pump's output.
  • the output determined from this type of pump control can be used to determine the current flow rate.
  • a (second) maximum flow rate D max that can be achieved by the circulation pump, which corresponds to a maximum power consumption or maximum operation, can be used.
  • the maximum flow rate can be a heating circuit-specific and/or pump-specific parameter and can be set in particular when the flow resistance of the heating circuit is minimal.
  • the maximum flow rate D max can be used and the current flow rate can be determined based on a (known) proportional relationship between the (current) speed of the circulation pump and its flow rate.
  • three flow rates D P , D max and D T can be determined. These can also be set in relation to each other and thus result in a "superordinate" flow rate parameter, which can be considered here. Especially in the case of a If the exhaust system is at least partially blocked, the heat input into the heating fluid via the heater can no longer be maintained in an expected (constant) manner, which is evident in such a ratio of the flow rates and leads to the fact that in this way or thus a partially blocked exhaust system can be determined.
  • the first lower power limit can be determined based on a minimum power of the heater.
  • the minimum power of the heater can be regarded as the lowest power of the heater at which it can be operated with a stable flame.
  • the first lower power limit can result from the minimum power of the heater with a factor D T /D use .
  • D Use can represent a calculation variable that is used to determine the first lower power limit.
  • the determination of the first lower power limit can include and depend on a verification (described below) of the parameter D P determined by the circulation pump.
  • the calculation variable D Use can be defined depending on the result of the verification of the parameter D P determined by the circulation pump.
  • a hybrid ionization signal can be determined that takes into account or assumes the two effects (attenuation and noise) of the ionization signal when the exhaust path is at least partially blocked.
  • a weakening of the ionization signal can be detected and cumulated with a filtered noise component of the ionization signal.
  • the hybrid ionization signal can reliably detect at least a partial blockage of the exhaust path and, for example, differentiate it from a corroded electrode. Since unstable combustion can regularly occur with a worsening blockage of the exhaust path, it may be advantageous to adjust the filtering of the noise component of the ionization signal so that unstable combustion can still be detected.
  • a hybrid ionization signal can be determined, for example, as follows.
  • the ionization signal is typically acquired periodically, for example, at intervals of 100 ms [milliseconds].
  • the ionization signal can, in particular, be a raw data signal, i.e., a largely unchanged signal from the ionization electrode.
  • the parameters filter and scalar of the equation shown serve to amplify the ionization signal and to average the noise component of the ionization signal.
  • a second lower power limit can be determined based on the ionization signal and/or the hybrid ionization signal.
  • a characteristic feature of detecting a (partially) blocked exhaust path based on the flow rate of the heating circuit according to step a) is a largely proportional change in the signal relative to the rate or degree of blockage of the exhaust path.
  • a continuously changing signal based on the flow rate can be determined proportional to the increasing blockage of the exhaust path.
  • a sudden increase in the (hybrid) ionization signal can be detected as soon as a threshold value for the blockage of the exhaust path is reached.
  • step c) By operating the heater according to step c) with the higher of the two lower power limits, determined according to steps a) and b), it is ensured that the heater is not operated in a power range that could lead to unsafe operating conditions due to the blockage of the exhaust gas path.
  • the heater can provide or transmit information about an at least partially blocked exhaust path.
  • the heater can provide or transmit information about an at least partially blocked exhaust path if one of the two determined lower power limits reaches a limit value.
  • the limit value can be a preset value, which can be stored, for example, in the memory of a control and regulation unit of the heater and represents a threshold value above which safe operation of the heater is no longer guaranteed.
  • the signals of the sensors required to carry out a method proposed here can be verified at regular (temporal) intervals and/or as needed.
  • a temperature sensor for a flow temperature e.g., a temperature sensor for the return temperature, and/or an ionization electrode.
  • a control device for a heater configured to carry out a method presented here.
  • the control device can, for example, have or be equipped with a processor for this purpose.
  • the processor can, for example, execute the method stored in a memory (of the control device).
  • a heating device comprising a control and regulation device as proposed here.
  • the heating device is, in particular, a gas heating device with a burner and a conveying device that can convey a mixture of fuel gas and combustion air to the burner.
  • the heating device can, in particular, have a pneumatic gas-air connection.
  • a method for detecting a blocked exhaust system of a heating system, a computer program, a storage medium, a control and regulating device and a heater are specified which at least partially solve the problems described with reference to the prior art.
  • the method, the computer program, the storage medium, the control unit, and the heater at least contribute to enabling safe operation of a heater even when the exhaust path is at least partially blocked.
  • a method proposed here can identify a power range in which safe operation is possible despite the partial blockage of the exhaust path.
  • the invention is particularly easy to implement. For example, no additional sensor technology in a heater is required to carry out the method proposed here. This also makes it easy to implement it on existing heaters. For this, it is only necessary, for example, to store a computer program proposed here in a memory of the heater's control and regulation unit.
  • first primarily serve (only) to distinguish between several similar objects, quantities, or processes, and therefore do not necessarily specify any interdependence and/or sequence of these objects, quantities, or processes. Should a dependence and/or sequence be required, this is explicitly stated here or will be obvious to the person skilled in the art upon studying the specifically described embodiment. To the extent that a component can occur multiple times (“at least one"), the description of one of these components may apply equally to all or part of the majority of these components, but this is not mandatory.
  • Fig. 1 shows, by way of example and schematically, a sequence of a method proposed here.
  • the method serves for the safe operation of a heater 2 when the exhaust path or exhaust system of the heater 2 is at least partially blocked.
  • the sequence of steps a), b), and c) illustrated by blocks 110, 120, and 130 can occur during a regular operating sequence. In particular, however, steps a), b), and c) can be performed permanently or at regular (as needed) intervals.
  • a first lower power limit of the heater 2 is determined based on the flow rate of a heating circuit 3 of the heating system 1.
  • a second lower power limit of the heater 2 is determined based on an ionization signal of the flame of the heater 1.
  • Fig. 2 shows, by way of example and schematically, a heating system 1 having a heating device 2 proposed here.
  • the heating system 1 has a heating circuit 3, comprising a flow line 4, in which a circulation pump 18 can be arranged, and a return line 5.
  • a heat transfer medium or heating fluid can flow through the heating circuit 3 in a flow direction 7.
  • a temperature sensor can be arranged in the flow line 4 and in the return line 5, which can be electrically connected to a regulating and control device 8 of the heating device 2.
  • the heater 2 can comprise an air intake duct 12 through which combustion air can flow.
  • a Venturi device (Venturi nozzle) can be arranged in the air intake duct 12, in which a negative pressure can be created, which can control a mass flow of fuel gas to be supplied via a gas supply 13.
  • a conveying device 6 can be arranged in the adjoining mixture duct 14, which can feed the mixture of combustion air and fuel gas to a burner 9.
  • the burner 9 can be arranged in a combustion chamber 15, which can comprise a heat exchanger 16, which is connected to the heating circuit 3 in such a way that the heat transfer medium can flow through it.
  • An ionization electrode 17 can also be arranged on the burner 9, which can detect an ionization signal from a flame of the burner 9. The ionization electrode 17 can be electrically connected to the control and regulation unit 8.
  • the combustion products produced during the combustion of the mixture of combustion air and fuel gas by the burner 9 in the combustion chamber 15 can be fed to an exhaust gas path, here designed as an exhaust gas duct 10, which leads from the combustion chamber 15 leads out of the heater 1.
  • the exhaust duct 10 is connected to an exhaust system 11, which can direct the combustion products, for example, to a building's chimney.
  • the exhaust duct 10 and the exhaust system 11 form the exhaust path.
  • a flow temperature sensor 36 can be arranged in the flow 4 and a return temperature sensor 37 in the return 5.
  • a three-way valve 34 can be configured in a switching position to connect the flow 4 and return 5 via a hot water preparation heat exchanger 35.
  • the heat transfer medium in the heating circuit 3 can transfer heat to a volume flow of domestic or drinking water via the hot water preparation heat exchanger 35 and thus provide hot water.
  • This switching position of the three-way valve also enables a check of the flow temperature sensors 36 and return 37, since, particularly without a volume flow, the domestic or drinking water to be heated and the associated cooling of the heat transfer medium in the hot water preparation heat exchanger 35 must have essentially the same temperature.
  • Fig. 3 This diagram shows exemplary and schematic parameter curves that can occur when implementing a method proposed here.
  • the abscissa of the diagram represents the power Q of heater 2, and the ordinate axis represents the combustion air/combustion gas ratio ⁇ .
  • the influence of various blockages in the exhaust path is represented by curves 33.
  • Fig. 4 shows, by way of example and schematically, a diagram with a raw data ionization signal 25 and a hybrid ionization signal 26 derived therefrom as a function of time t. It is clearly evident that the hybrid ionization signal 26 succeeds in averaging out the noise of the raw data ionization signal 25 and amplifying it. Impure combustion can occur in a critical region 19. A flame loss 27 can occur, particularly in a region between the critical region 20 and the lower power limit based on the ionization signal of the flame 23.
  • Fig. 5 shows, by way of example and schematically, a hybrid ionization signal 26 and a power of the heater 2 over a time t.
  • the heater 2 is operated with a lower power limit 30.
  • a first limit 28 and a second limit 29 have been defined for the hybrid ionization signal 26.
  • the hybrid ionization signal 26 reaches the first limit 28, this indicates a destabilization of the flame 16.
  • the power of the heater can be temporarily increased for the time the limit is exceeded.
  • the hybrid ionization signal 26 reaches the second limit 29, this can indicate a critical state of the flame 16.
  • the lower power limit 30 can, for example, be permanently increased by an offset 32.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage (2) produisant des flammes d'une installation de chauffage (1) avec un circuit de chauffage (3) comprenant au moins les étapes suivantes :
    a) la détermination d'une première limite de puissance inférieure de l'appareil de chauffage (2) sur la base du débit du circuit de chauffage (3),
    b) la détermination d'une seconde limite de puissance inférieure de l'appareil de chauffage (2) sur la base d'un signal d'ionisation de la flamme de l'appareil de chauffage (2),
    c) le fonctionnement de l'appareil de chauffage (2) dans une plage de puissance au-dessus de la valeur supérieure de la première limite de puissance ou seconde limite de puissance.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel dans une étape d), l'appareil de chauffage (2) fournit ou envoie un message d'erreur lorsqu'au moins l'une des deux limites de puissance inférieures atteint une valeur limite prédéfinie.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel dans l'étape d), l'appareil de chauffage (2) s'arrête en outre.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel dans une étape e), une vérification des signaux d'une électrode d'ionisation (17) de l'appareil de chauffage (2) et/ou au moins d'un capteur de température d'une conduite aller (4) ou d'une conduite retour (5) du circuit de chauffage (3) est effectuée.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le débit du circuit de chauffage (3)
    - est fourni par une pompe de recirculation (18) du circuit de chauffage (3), ou
    - est déterminé au moins à l'aide d'une température de la conduite aller (4) et de la conduite retour (5) du circuit de chauffage (3), d'un facteur d'inertie d'un échangeur de chaleur (16) de l'appareil de chauffage (2) et d'une puissance de l'appareil de chauffage (2).
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel dans l'étape b), un signal d'ionisation hybride de la flamme de l'appareil de chauffage (2) est utilisé, dans lequel le signal hybride tient compte d'un bruit du signal d'ionisation et d'un affaiblissement de signal.
  7. Programme informatique qui est conçu pour la réalisation d'un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
  8. Support de stockage lisible par machine sur lequel le programme informatique selon la revendication 7 est stocké.
  9. Appareil de régulation et de commande (8) pour un appareil de chauffage (1), conçu pour la réalisation d'un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6.
  10. Appareil de chauffage (2) présentant un appareil de régulation et de commande (8) selon la revendication 9.
  11. Appareil de chauffage (2) selon la revendication 10 présentant une régulation de mélange pneumatique.
EP23150529.8A 2022-01-11 2023-01-06 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage à flamme d'une installation de chauffage, programme d'ordinateur, support de mémoire, appareil de réglage et de commande et appareil de chauffage Active EP4215815B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022100488.0A DE102022100488A1 (de) 2022-01-11 2022-01-11 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines flammenbildenden Heizgerätes einer Heizungsanlage, Computerprogramm, Speichermedium, Regel- und Steuergerät, Heizgerät und Verwendung einer Durchflussrate einer Heizungsanlage und eines Ionisationssignals eines Heizgerätes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4215815A1 EP4215815A1 (fr) 2023-07-26
EP4215815B1 true EP4215815B1 (fr) 2025-08-13

Family

ID=84887609

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23150529.8A Active EP4215815B1 (fr) 2022-01-11 2023-01-06 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage à flamme d'une installation de chauffage, programme d'ordinateur, support de mémoire, appareil de réglage et de commande et appareil de chauffage

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4215815B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102022100488A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2105888A (en) 1981-09-15 1983-03-30 Worcester Engineering Company Detecting flue blockage
AT395776B (de) 1989-12-12 1993-03-25 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum ueberwachen des heizwasserumlaufs bei einem gaswasserheizer
WO2012053681A1 (fr) 2010-10-21 2012-04-26 주식회사 경동네트웍 Procédé permettant de déterminer et de compenser le blocage du carneau d'un appareil de combustion
US8821154B2 (en) * 2010-11-09 2014-09-02 Purpose Company Limited Combustion apparatus and method for combustion control thereof
DE102010055567B4 (de) * 2010-12-21 2012-08-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Stabilisierung eines Betriebsverhaltens eines Gasgebläsebrenners
DE102015206810A1 (de) 2015-04-15 2016-10-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennervorrichtung
EP3290796B1 (fr) 2016-09-02 2021-01-27 Robert Bosch GmbH Procédé de commande d'un rapport air-combustible dans un système de chauffage et unité de commande et système de chauffage
DE102020104084A1 (de) 2020-02-17 2021-08-19 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Überwachung und Regelung eines Prozesses einer Gastherme und Gastherme

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Publication number Publication date
DE102022100488A1 (de) 2023-07-13
EP4215815A1 (fr) 2023-07-26

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