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EP4269792A1 - Approches de pompage et de filtrage par modification diélectrique induite thermiquement dans des structures 2d et 3d - Google Patents

Approches de pompage et de filtrage par modification diélectrique induite thermiquement dans des structures 2d et 3d Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4269792A1
EP4269792A1 EP23166610.8A EP23166610A EP4269792A1 EP 4269792 A1 EP4269792 A1 EP 4269792A1 EP 23166610 A EP23166610 A EP 23166610A EP 4269792 A1 EP4269792 A1 EP 4269792A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
substrate
electrode arrangement
medium
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP23166610.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP4269792B1 (fr
Inventor
Thorsten Neumann
Armin SENNE
Juerg Schleuniger
Isabell Kegel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Benecke Kaliko AG
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Benecke Kaliko AG
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Publication of EP4269792A1 publication Critical patent/EP4269792A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B19/00—Machines or pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B17/00
    • F04B19/006—Micropumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C5/00—Separating dispersed particles from liquids by electrostatic effect
    • B03C5/02—Separators
    • B03C5/022—Non-uniform field separators
    • B03C5/026—Non-uniform field separators using open-gradient differential dielectric separation, i.e. using electrodes of special shapes for non-uniform field creation, e.g. Fluid Integrated Circuit [FIC]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a substrate with an electrode arrangement applied thereon for manipulating a liquid conductive medium, a device having the substrate, a method for manipulating a liquid conductive medium by means of the device and an alternating current source, and the use of the substrate.
  • Dirt on surfaces, in hoses or even on conveyor belts can be removed using direct methods, for example with a sponge and solvent or aqueous soap solutions. Difficulties may arise in hard-to-reach places. Such cleaning is usually not possible during ongoing operation, for example during the transport of liquids in hoses.
  • Pump systems are usually used to transport liquids. Pump systems are usually constructed with moving parts, such as paddle wheels or peristaltic systems, which become brittle and can fail after a certain period of time. Particularly in extreme areas, for example with high G-forces, mechanical systems fail due to the gyros effect and the pressure on the bearings.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a substrate and a device for manipulating liquid conductive media which overcomes the disadvantages described above.
  • the substrates and devices provided should enable manipulation of liquid conductive media without the use of chemical and/or mechanical aids.
  • the invention therefore relates to a substrate with an electrode arrangement applied thereon for manipulating a liquid conductive medium, the electrode arrangement comprising electrode elements and at least one conductor track connecting the electrode elements, which are arranged in such a way that the at least one conductor track forms a circuit when connected to an alternating current source and the electrode elements are arranged in the circuit in such a way that two opposing electrode elements form a pair of electrode and counter-electrode and electrodes and counter-electrodes are arranged alternately.
  • An electrode arrangement is applied to the substrate according to the invention for manipulating a liquid conductive medium.
  • the substrate on which the electrode arrangement is applied is naturally made of a practically non-conductive or insulating material.
  • the manipulation of the liquid conductive medium is understood to mean in particular processes that are selected from mixing the liquid medium, transporting or pumping the liquid Medium and/or the sorting or separation or filtering of components contained in the liquid medium.
  • the substrate on which the electrode arrangement is applied can be made of an organic or inorganic material, for example a plastic, an elastomer, glass or a ceramic; a plastic or elastomer substrate is preferred.
  • suitable plastics are plastics made of polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane or polyolefin, where the plastics can be crosslinked or uncrosslinked.
  • suitable elastomers are elastomers made from thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) or crosslinked isoprene.
  • TPE thermoplastic elastomer
  • An example of a suitable ceramic is aluminum oxide.
  • the substrate can be a hard or rigid, flexible or elastic substrate.
  • the substrate can be a single layer or a multi-layer composite, whereby the substrate can optionally comprise a textile carrier. If the substrate is a multilayer composite, the above information on the material refers to the upper layer on which the electrode arrangement is applied.
  • the substrate can be, for example, a film, a foil, a web, a mat, a 3D structure, such as a hose, a hose distributor or a hose coupling, a plate or an artificial leather, the substrate preferably being made of plastic.
  • the track can be, for example, an inner surface of the hose.
  • the substrate is particularly preferably a plastic film.
  • the plastic film can be, for example, a polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane or polyolefin film, whereby the plastic can be crosslinked or uncrosslinked.
  • the plastic films in particular those mentioned above, can contain thermally conductive fillers, such as silicon carbide or aluminum oxide, in order to enable the heat generated at the electrode elements to be dissipated.
  • the electrode arrangement applied to the substrate comprises electrode elements and at least one conductor track.
  • the electrode elements are electrically connected to the at least one conductor track.
  • the electrode elements and the at least one conductor track are formed from a conductive material. Furthermore, the electrode elements and the at least one conductor track can be applied to the substrate using the same method or a different method. As a rule, it is preferred that the electrode elements and the at least one conductor track are made of the same material and are applied to the substrate using the same method. The electrode elements and the at least one conductor track can be applied to the substrate simultaneously or one after the other.
  • Electrode elements and the at least one conductor track made of the same material are preferably used in etched systems. In printed electronics, the same or different materials can be used for the electrode elements and the at least one conductor track.
  • Examples of materials for electrode elements and the at least one conductor track are independently conductive metals or conductive polymers.
  • conductive metals are copper, zinc, tin, platinum, nickel, palladium, gold, silver, iridium, tungsten or mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred materials are silver or conductive polymers containing CNT or metal-coated CNT.
  • suitable materials are metal mixtures in which another metal, for example gold, platinum or palladium, is applied to a base metal, for example copper or nickel, for example by electrolytic deposition. This allows for better chemical resistance.
  • semiconductors can also be used. However, these must be operated at a voltage at which they become electrical conductors.
  • An example is doped silicon, which also provides good chemical compatibility.
  • the electrode elements and the at least one conductor track can be applied to the substrate independently of one another using suitable application methods. Examples of suitable application methods are etching, spraying, printing, ablation, plasma deposition, sputtering, scanning or combinations thereof.
  • the electrode elements and/or the at least one conductor track, in particular the electrode elements are preferably applied to the substrate by printing.
  • Useful printing processes include flexographic printing, gravure printing, screen printing, offset printing, inkjet printing or pad printing.
  • rotary printing processes, such as flexographic printing or gravure printing are predestined for the production of such printed electrode arrangements or electrode elements, as this enables a high throughput.
  • the applied electrode elements are therefore printed electrode elements, in particular the applied electrode arrangement is a printed electrode arrangement.
  • Suitable starting materials for applying the electrode elements and/or the at least one conductor track by plasma deposition are metals, in particular copper, zinc, tin, platinum, palladium, nickel, gold, silver, iridium, tungsten or combinations thereof or salts of these metals. Ideally, inert metal compounds are used.
  • Suitable fluids for printing the electrode elements and/or the at least one conductor track are, for example, solvent-containing, solvent-free or aqueous pastes, solutions or dispersions of metallic particles, in particular nano- or microparticles, metal salt solutions that are reduced by means of redox systems, or conductive polymers or dendrimers. Furthermore, mixing methods and mixing solutions can also be used. Particular preference is given to using conductive pastes as the fluid.
  • post-treatment of the applied fluid is usually required to produce the electrode arrangement.
  • the post-treatment in particular causes the material to solidify.
  • This post-treatment can be carried out, for example, by convection or heat treatment, near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, infrared (IR) irradiation or ultraviolet (UV) irradiation or photonic sintering.
  • NIR near-infrared
  • IR infrared
  • UV ultraviolet
  • the printed electrode elements in particular the printed electrode arrangement, are produced by pattern-printing an electrically conductive paste onto the substrate and then treating the printed paste by UV irradiation.
  • the number of interacting electrode elements in the electrode arrangement can vary within wide ranges.
  • the electrode arrangement can, for example, have at least 2, preferably at least 4, more preferably at least 10 and particularly preferably at least 20 electrode elements. However, significantly more electrode elements can also be included, for example at least 50 or at least 100 electrode elements.
  • An alternating arrangement here also means an arrangement consisting of an electrode and a counterelectrode. With interacting electrode elements, two electrode elements face each other in such a way that a defined field can be built up.
  • the electrode elements have a length and a width horizontally to the substrate plane and a thickness vertically to the substrate plane.
  • the length is greater than the width and the thickness, generally significantly greater.
  • the dimensions of the electrode arrangement on the substrate can vary significantly depending on the application. With those available today Application techniques can produce such electrode arrangements in the micrometer range, which, for example, have an area of 25 ⁇ m 2 or more. Of course, significantly larger electrode arrangements in the square meter range can also be created.
  • the electrode elements and the at least one conductor track connecting the electrode elements in the electrode arrangement are arranged in such a way that the at least one conductor track forms a circuit when connected to an alternating current source and the electrode elements are arranged in the circuit in such a way that two opposing electrode elements each Form a pair of electrode and counter electrode and electrodes and counter electrodes are arranged alternately.
  • the electrode elements have a length and a width horizontally to the substrate plane and a thickness vertically to the substrate plane. The length is greater than the width and the thickness, generally significantly greater.
  • the electrode elements are typically arranged parallel to one another, particularly if a linear movement orthogonal to the electrodes is desired.
  • the electrode elements are also typically arranged periodically in the electrode arrangement.
  • An alternative embodiment to the parallel arrangement of the electrode elements is an angled arrangement of the electrode elements, with the electrode and counter electrode of a pair being arranged at an angle.
  • Such an embodiment is shown schematically in Fig. 4 shown.
  • the angle between the electrode and counter electrode of the respective pair can be, for example, in the range from 0° to 45°, preferably 0° to 25°.
  • the angled arrangement allows, for example, directional mixing processes to be set depending on the angle. This creates a flow from the smaller to the larger distance.
  • An alternating current source can be applied to the at least one conductor track or at the two ends of the at least one conductor track, so that a AC circuit is formed to which the electrode elements are connected.
  • the electrode elements are arranged within the circuit.
  • the arrangement is designed in such a way that when an alternating current is applied, two electrode elements form a pair of electrode and counterelectrode.
  • the electrode and counter electrode are arranged alternately, i.e. an electrode element acting as an electrode is followed by an electrode element acting as a counter electrode, which in turn is followed by an electrode element acting as an electrode, etc.
  • the distance (d1) between the electrode and counter electrode of a pair is the distance from the center of the width of the electrode to the center of the width of the counter electrode.
  • the distance (d2) between two adjacent pairs of electrode and counter electrode is the distance between the electrode element of the two pairs that are closest to each other, based on the center of the width.
  • the distances (d1) and (d2) each refer to the shortest distance between the two electrode elements to be considered.
  • the electrode arrangement is such that the volume of electrode and counter electrode is the same and the distance (d1) between electrode and counter electrode of a pair and the distance (d2) between two adjacent pairs of electrode and counter electrode are equal.
  • Such an electrode arrangement is referred to here as electrode arrangement A. In such an embodiment is in Fig. 1a shown.
  • the electrode arrangement is such that the volume of electrode and counterelectrode differs and/or the distance (d1) between electrode and counterelectrode of a pair differs from the distance (d2) between two adjacent pairs of electrode and counterelectrode.
  • Such an electrode arrangement is referred to here as electrode arrangement A2.
  • Variants of this embodiment are in Fig. 1b, Fig. 1c and Fig. 3 shown.
  • An equal volume of two electrode elements generally means that the length, width and thickness of the two electrode elements are the same.
  • a different volume of two electrode elements generally means that the electrode elements differ in width and/or thickness, generally width or thickness.
  • the length of the electrode elements is usually the same.
  • the finished substrates with the applied electrode arrangement are ready for use immediately after application or printing or they can be laminated onto a wide variety of surfaces.
  • the invention also relates to a device for manipulating a liquid conductive medium, wherein the device is suitable for storing and/or transporting the liquid conductive medium and a substrate according to the invention is arranged in the device as described above.
  • the substrate according to the invention is arranged in such a way that the electrode arrangement located thereon comes into contact with the liquid conductive medium when the liquid conductive medium is filled into the device or when the liquid conductive medium is introduced or passed through the device.
  • suitable devices include a container, a basin, a pipe or a hose or a hose assembly, a hose distributor or a hose coupling.
  • the device according to the invention can have one or more supply lines and/or one or more discharge lines for the liquid conductive medium. Furthermore, this technology can also be used for better heat transfer from solar thermal systems or modules.
  • the substrates according to the invention are optionally applied to surface collectors to reduce possible heating.
  • the substrate according to the invention can be freely arranged in the device, for example by hanging the substrate in the device or by fixing the substrate on the device using holding elements.
  • the substrate is applied to an inner surface of the device or is integrated into an inner surface of the device.
  • the substrate may be applied to the entire interior surface of the device or preferably to a portion of the interior surface. Accordingly, the substrate can be integrated into or form the entire inner surface or preferably integrated into or form part of the inner surface. It is understood that the substrate is positioned so that the side with the electrode arrangement is directed towards the interior into which the liquid conductive medium is filled or introduced.
  • the substrate according to the invention with the electrode arrangement applied thereon is applied to an inner surface of the device, for example by laminating the substrate onto an inner surface of the device. It is preferred that the substrate is flexible. A plastic film onto which the electrode arrangement is applied, preferably printed, is particularly suitable for this.
  • the substrates with the electrode arrangement can be applied over the entire surface or preferably locally on two- or three-dimensional surfaces. Overall, a static structure is obtained without moving mechanical parts.
  • the electrode arrangement can be switched by electrical control.
  • the substrate according to the invention or the electrode arrangement located thereon is connected to an associated alternating current source.
  • the invention further relates to a method for manipulating a liquid conductive medium by means of an alternating current source and a device according to the invention as described above, the method comprising bringing the liquid conductive medium into contact with the electrode arrangement applied to the substrate in the device and applying an alternating current to the electrode arrangement by means of the alternating current source for manipulating the liquid conductive medium.
  • the liquid conductive medium is an electrically conductive liquid medium.
  • the liquid medium usually contains one or more electrolytes for electrical conductivity, such as dissolved salts, ionic polymers, acids or bases.
  • electrolytes for electrical conductivity such as dissolved salts, ionic polymers, acids or bases.
  • the minerals dissolved in normal tap water or in bodies of water are completely sufficient for this. Distilled water does not have suitable electrical conductivity. Electrolytes would have to be added here in order to maintain electrical conductivity.
  • the liquid conductive medium can be a homogeneous or heterogeneous phase.
  • examples are an aqueous solution or dispersion, a liquid with an organic and aqueous phase, liquid salt systems or liquids containing particles.
  • a liquid with an organic and aqueous phase is an oil-water mixture, for which mixing is desired, for example.
  • a liquid salt system is a molten salt, e.g. a molten salt of ammonium acetate, which melts at approx. 115 °C and has flow properties. If the materials of the substrate according to the invention, such as the substrate material and the electrode material, are suitable for this, salt melts of metal salts, such as lithium acetate, lithium citrate or lithium chloride, can also be used.
  • aqueous solutions is, for example, a saline solution, such as that used in liquid salt reactors, liquid salt batteries or fuel cells.
  • a saline solution such as that used in liquid salt reactors, liquid salt batteries or fuel cells.
  • the liquid containing particles can be, for example, an aqueous solution or dispersion in which particles are contained.
  • the particles can be made of any solid material, for example one or more types of plastic and/or an inorganic material.
  • the particles can contain particles made of the same or different material.
  • the particles can be made of a conductive and/or non-conductive material. For example, there may be particles with and without soot filling.
  • the particles can also include particles with the same particle size or different particle sizes, i.e. with a particle size distribution.
  • the particles can be, for example, impurities in the liquid, such as microplastics and/or macroplastics, which, for example, should be removed from the liquid or separated according to certain criteria.
  • Microplastics generally refer to plastic particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm.
  • the liquid conductive medium can also contain any other components, e.g. starting materials that are to be mixed to accelerate the reaction, or other components for which homogeneous mixing is desired.
  • the method according to the invention includes bringing the liquid conductive medium into contact with the electrode arrangement applied to the substrate in the device. This can be done by filling or introducing the liquid conductive medium into the device.
  • the method further includes applying an alternating current to the electrode arrangement using the alternating current source to manipulate the liquid conductive medium.
  • the alternating current can be applied periodically or continuously.
  • the alternating current source is switched on, a circuit is formed and the alternating current flows through the electrode arrangement or the electrode elements according to the arrangement of electrodes and Counter electrodes form, that is, depending on the phase of the alternating current, cathode and anode and vice versa.
  • alternating current is applied and the liquid conductive medium is in contact, alternating electrical fields are formed on the electrodes and counterelectrodes, which can be symmetrical or asymmetrical depending on the electrode arrangement.
  • the dielectric constant is a material constant that depends, among other things, on temperature and applied frequency. For example, dielectric constants for certain materials are often given for 18 °C and 50 Hz. The processes that occur when an alternating current is applied to the electrode arrangement are discussed below.
  • the conductivity of a medium increases with increasing temperature, but the dielectricity decreases. This force causes the fluid to move.
  • the appropriate frequency of the alternating field and the appropriate applied voltage can vary depending on the application and can be adjusted using the alternating current source in the circuit.
  • the alternating field applied can be set, for example, in ranges from low kHz to high MHz, for example in the range from 0.1 kHz to 20 MHz.
  • voltages ranging from low mV (eg 1 mV or 5 mV) up to 100 V can be used.
  • the alternating voltage must be selected so that electrolysis of the medium does not occur.
  • the current strength is determined by the number of electrodes as well as the distance and the conductivity of the medium. If currents are too high, caused by too small a distance between the electrodes and high conductivity, a corresponding voltage must be reduced or turned on Current limiters must be installed. Alternatively, the electrode area can be reduced.
  • the basis for the function of the system is the electrically conductive liquid medium, which experiences a change in dielectricity due to the change in temperature.
  • the current flow in the circuit in the electrode arrangement obtained by applying the alternating current source results in a temperature change in the liquid conductive medium depending on the distance from the electrodes.
  • a higher temperature can be set near the electrodes and a lower temperature further away.
  • the dielectricity of the material contained in the medium changes, which decreases with higher temperature. This moment causes a macroscopic movement of the medium towards the electrodes.
  • the mixing of the liquid conductive medium can also be advantageous in that a cleaning effect and/or protection against contamination is achieved for the surfaces of the device obtained by the substrate.
  • the macroscopic movement of the medium creates turbulences that can loosen deposits on the surface and/or prevent deposits from forming.
  • the electrode arrangement on the substrate therefore comprises an electrode arrangement A as described above, so that the application of the alternating current results in a macroscopic movement of the medium, which causes mixing of the medium.
  • the field strength of the resulting alternating electrical fields in the liquid conductive medium depends on the thickness, length and width or volume of the electrode elements and the distance and arrangement of the electrode elements in the electrode arrangement. This can be used to shift the field lines in a specific direction, generating a one-sided amplified flux. This can, for example, lead to a situation where there is not a homogeneous mixture between the electrodes, but rather a thrust in one direction and thus a pumping of liquid.
  • the electrode arrangement on the substrate therefore comprises an electrode arrangement A2 as described above, so that the application of the alternating current results in a directed movement of the medium, which causes the medium to be transported or pumped.
  • particles made of a conductive and/or non-conductive material are contained in the medium, for example those described above, they have specific dielectric constants, which in turn influence the electrical field lines. This makes it possible to purify particles according to their dielectric constant.
  • the particles with a low dielectric constant being moved in one direction by the applied alternating field are, for example, pumped to one side of the device, while other particles are at a high level Dielectric constant can be moved in a different direction by the applied alternating field, for example pumped to the other side of the device. This achieves sorting and allows the different particles to be separated from each other by appropriately arranged discharge lines in the device.
  • particles of an identical material contained in the medium can also be sorted according to their size or their particle size distribution in the medium.
  • the volume of the modified dielectric differs due to the different particle sizes. This causes the particles to move in the field at a different speed depending on the particle size, which also achieves sorting.
  • a suitable device for this is, for example, a hose through which the liquid medium flows.
  • the tube then has an area where the substrate according to the invention is arranged on the inner surface and, when alternating voltage is applied, leads to a sorting of the particles contained in the liquid medium.
  • the hose can be provided with two discharge lines that enable the sorted particles to be separated.
  • An expedient embodiment of the method according to the invention therefore comprises an electrode arrangement on the substrate, which is an asymmetrical electrode arrangement A2 as described above, and the liquid conductive medium contains particles, in particular plastic particles, such as microplastics, the particles being particles of different sizes and/or different specific dielectric constants include, so that the application of the alternating current leads to a directed movement of the particles, which depends on the size and the dielectric constant of the particles Speed and / or direction differs, which enables the particles to be separated or sorted or filtered in terms of size and / or type.
  • a liquid conductive medium without moving mechanical parts can be used for mixing or mixing, pumping or transporting the medium with a homogeneous or heterogeneous phase.
  • sorting, separating or filtering components such as particles in the liquid conductive medium was described, e.g. small and large particles, e.g. microplastics, sorting of conductive plastic particles in a medium, such as particles with and without soot filling.
  • the process according to the invention is suitable, for example, for mixing liquid salt systems.
  • Liquid salt systems will be used in liquid salt reactors, liquid salt batteries or fuel cells.
  • increased reactivity can be achieved in the fuel cell by mixing using the method according to the invention, because the surface reactions can be accelerated by the mixing.
  • liquid hoses in which liquid conductive media are passed through, in which the substrates according to the invention, for example in the form of a plastic film, with an electrode arrangement applied are laminated to the inner surface of the liquid hose or are integrated into the inner surface.
  • Another example of the application of the method according to the invention for cleaning surfaces would be the cleaning of surfaces of a swimming pool.
  • the floors, walls and/or filters of the swimming pool can be provided with the substrate according to the invention with an applied electrode arrangement over part or all of the surface. If a plastic film is used as the substrate, it can, for example, simply be stuck onto the corresponding surfaces. Of course, several substrates can also be used to line the surfaces. When the alternating current is applied, the water contained in the swimming pool is mixed, which can lead to the prevention of deposits forming on the surfaces and/or the removal of such deposits that are already present.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used as a detector for local conductivity concentrations as well as for heating the medium if appropriate current intensities are applied.
  • the conductivity of the medium or its resistance can be measured in direct current operation, provided that the voltage values and current values or voltage values and power values are available.
  • the medium near the surface can be selectively heated and possibly a surface in the corresponding medium can be thermally disinfected.
  • high current intensities can lead to high local temperatures, even in the alternating current field.
  • This can be used explicitly for the miscibility of oil-water emulsions, for example. Here better dispersion can take place due to the local increase in temperature due to the decreasing surface energy of water with increasing temperature.
  • Another advantage of the high-frequency alternating field is that no electrode material is broken down or built up or deposited electrolytically.
  • the invention further relates to the use of a substrate according to the invention as described above or a device according to the invention as described above for manipulating a liquid conductive medium, in particular for mixing, transporting, pumping or filtering the liquid conductive medium or for separating or sorting components in the liquid conductive medium .
  • the invention further relates to the use of a substrate according to the invention as described above or a device according to the invention as described above for cleaning surfaces or preventing the formation of deposits or reducing the frictional resistance on inner surfaces, in particular in liquid hoses.
  • Applications include, among other things, flat structures that are in the 2D area as well as in the 3D area. These 3D structures can also be the inside of the hose, for example.
  • the application allows several functions to be integrated into this hose. For example, immiscible media such as water and oil can become dispersed during the flow and the The emulsion droplets formed are defined by the excitation of the alternating current.
  • Additional functions include a reduction in flow resistance by reducing surface effects when triggered.
  • hoses or plates can be used directly as a pump unit. This has the advantage that it enables a reduction in weight and the number of units used. Mechanical moving parts are no longer required.
  • liquid conductive medium is exposed to high G-forces, such as applications in an aircraft.
  • the liquid conductive medium can thus be manipulated, whereby disruptive effects, such as the Coriolis force, on mechanical rotating parts can be avoided since these are not needed.
  • Additional applications in tubing may include the separation of different particles, where the particles may differ in size and/or type. This makes it possible, for example, to separate particles that are contained in a liquid conductive medium located in the hose, such as suspended particles, microplastics or similar disruptive particles. This would allow, among other things, a longer service life for components, less wear and more sustainable purification of media.
  • Additional applications for the substrate according to the invention or the device according to the invention lie in the cooling of batteries and accumulators, particularly in the high-performance sector, such as mobile applications, for highly efficient heat dissipation through reduced surface effects.
  • Another application is the mixing of liquid conductive media in which chemical reactions are to be carried out.
  • chemical reactions can be significantly accelerated by triggered diffusion near the surface compared to large reactors with conventional mixing systems.
  • biological turnover reactions could be accelerated by 5 to 50 times.
  • Fig. 1a shows a partial schematic top view of an exemplary electrode arrangement on a substrate according to the invention (not shown).
  • the excerpt only shows a left-hand section of the arrangement.
  • the upper and lower parts of the at least one conductor track 2 are connected to one another in order to close the circuit.
  • the alternating arrangement of electrodes 3 and counter electrodes 4 continues there.
  • the electrode arrangement shown is connected to the alternating current source 1 via the at least one conductor track 2.
  • the electrode arrangement has a plurality of electrode elements, two of which form a pair of electrode 3 and counter electrode 4.
  • the electrodes 3 and counter electrodes 4 are arranged alternately.
  • Fig. 1a A symmetrical electrode arrangement is shown according to the electrode arrangement A described above.
  • the volume of the electrodes 3 and counter electrodes 4 are the same. All electrode elements are the same in terms of length, width and thickness. Furthermore, the distance (d1) between electrode 3 and counter electrode 4 of a pair and the distance (d2) between two adjacent pairs of electrode 3 and counter electrode 4 are the same.
  • Fig. 1b shows a partial schematic top view of a further exemplary electrode arrangement on a substrate according to the invention (not shown). Apart from the differences mentioned below, the arrangement corresponds to that in Fig. 1a , so that reference is made in this regard.
  • a variant of the asymmetrical electrode arrangement according to the electrode arrangement A2 described above is shown, which is referred to here as electrode arrangement B.
  • the volume of the electrodes 3 differs from the volume of the counter electrodes 4.
  • the different volume results from the fact that the width (w1) of the counter electrodes differs from the width (w2) of the electrodes.
  • the length and thickness of all electrode elements are the same.
  • the distance (d1) between the electrode and counter electrode of a pair and the distance (d2) between two adjacent pairs of electrode and counter electrode are the same. Due to the asymmetrical electrode arrangement, the field lines formed in the method according to the invention are shifted in a certain direction, whereby a one-sided amplified flow is generated.
  • Fig. 1c shows a partial schematic top view of a further exemplary electrode arrangement on a substrate according to the invention (not shown). Apart from the differences mentioned below, the arrangement corresponds to that in Fig. 1a , so that reference is made in this regard.
  • a variant of the asymmetrical electrode arrangement according to the electrode arrangement A2 described above is shown, which is referred to here as electrode arrangement C.
  • the volume of the electrodes 3 and counter electrodes 4 are the same. All electrode elements are the same in terms of length, width and thickness. However, the distance (d1) between the electrode and counter electrode of a pair differs from the distance (d2) between two adjacent pairs of electrode and counter electrode. Due to the asymmetrical electrode arrangement, the field lines formed in the method according to the invention are shifted in a certain direction, whereby a one-sided amplified flow is generated.
  • Fig. 2 shows a partial schematic cross section of a substrate 5 according to the invention in a liquid conductive medium 6 with alternating current applied.
  • the electrode arrangement is located on the substrate 5, of which a pair of electrode 3 and counter electrode 4 can be seen in cross section.
  • the electrode arrangement shown is the one in Fig. 1a symmetrical electrode arrangement shown A.
  • the liquid conductive medium 6 is in contact with the electrode arrangement. Due to the applied alternating voltage, an alternating current flows in the arrangement, so that a symmetrical alternating electrical field 7 is generated between electrode 3 and counter electrode 4.
  • the alternating field creates a temperature gradient T in the medium 6, since the temperature near the electrodes increases more than in more distant areas of the medium. Since the dielectricity of the material of the medium decreases at higher temperatures, a dielectric gradient D is created accordingly. This moment causes a macroscopic movement of the medium towards the electrodes. The result is a mixing of the liquid conductive medium.
  • Fig. 3 shows a partial schematic cross section of a substrate 5 according to the invention in a liquid conductive medium 6 with alternating current applied.
  • the electrode arrangement is located on the substrate 5, of which a pair of electrode 3 and counter electrode 4 can be seen in cross section.
  • the electrode arrangement shown is a variant of an asymmetrical electrode arrangement according to the described electrode arrangement A2. In this variant, a different volume of electrode 3 and counter electrode 4 results from the different thickness of electrode 3 and counter electrode 4.
  • the liquid conductive medium 6 is in contact with the electrode arrangement. Due to the applied alternating voltage, an alternating current flows in the arrangement, so that an alternating electric field 7 with shifted field lines is generated between electrode 3 and counter electrode 4.
  • the alternating field creates a temperature gradient T in the medium 6, since the temperature near the electrodes increases more than in more distant areas of the medium. Since the dielectricity of the material of the medium decreases at higher temperatures, a dielectric gradient D is created accordingly.
  • the shifted alternating field 7 generates a flow that is strengthened on one side. This means that there is not a homogeneous mixture between the electrodes, but rather a thrust in one direction, indicated by the dashed arrows, and thus a directed movement or pumping of the medium.
  • Fig. 4 shows a partial schematic top view of a further exemplary electrode arrangement on a substrate according to the invention, the electrode elements having an angled arrangement, with electrode 3 and counter electrode 4 of a respective pair having an angled arrangement.
  • the angle can be approximately 15°, for example.
  • the angled arrangement allows directional mixing processes to be set depending on the angle.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention in the form of a hose.
  • the tube 8 can be a conventional tube, for example a plastic tube, on the inside of which there is a substrate 5 according to the invention with an electrode arrangement 9 applied.
  • the electrode arrangement 9 can, for example, be an arrangement as shown in FIGS Fig. 1a, 1b, 1c , 2, 3 or 4 is shown.
  • the electrode arrangement can be connected to an alternating current source via provided power connections 10, in particular for high-frequency current.
  • the substrate can, for example, form the inner layer of the tube, ie be integrated into it, or be a plastic film applied to the inside of the tube with the electrode arrangement 9 applied.
  • a liquid conductive medium that is in the hose can be manipulated.
  • the manipulation can involve, for example, mixing or pumping the Medium or a sorting of different components in the medium.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
EP23166610.8A 2022-04-29 2023-04-04 Approches de pompage et de filtrage par modification diélectrique induite thermiquement dans des structures 2d et 3d Active EP4269792B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022204205.0A DE102022204205A1 (de) 2022-04-29 2022-04-29 Pump- und Filteransätze über thermoinduzierte Dielektrizitätsveränderung in 2D- und 3D-Strukturen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4269792A1 true EP4269792A1 (fr) 2023-11-01
EP4269792B1 EP4269792B1 (fr) 2025-08-20

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EP (1) EP4269792B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102022204205A1 (fr)
PT (1) PT4269792T (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6149789A (en) * 1990-10-31 2000-11-21 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Process for manipulating microscopic, dielectric particles and a device therefor
EP1465729B1 (fr) * 2002-01-14 2005-11-30 Cambridge University Technical Services Limited Mouvement microfluidique
WO2007141542A1 (fr) * 2006-06-08 2007-12-13 Cambridge Enterprise Limited Appareil destiné à mouvoir de faibles volumes de fluide
EP2056656A2 (fr) * 2007-10-29 2009-05-06 LEONHARD KURZ Stiftung & Co. KG Procédé de fabrication d'une structure conductrice flexible
WO2010147942A1 (fr) * 2009-06-16 2010-12-23 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Dispositifs électrocinétiques non linéaires à multiples phases
DE102010012254A1 (de) * 2010-03-22 2011-09-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Substrat, Kultivierungseinrichtung und Kultivierungsverfahren für biologische Zellen

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6149789A (en) * 1990-10-31 2000-11-21 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Process for manipulating microscopic, dielectric particles and a device therefor
EP1465729B1 (fr) * 2002-01-14 2005-11-30 Cambridge University Technical Services Limited Mouvement microfluidique
WO2007141542A1 (fr) * 2006-06-08 2007-12-13 Cambridge Enterprise Limited Appareil destiné à mouvoir de faibles volumes de fluide
EP2056656A2 (fr) * 2007-10-29 2009-05-06 LEONHARD KURZ Stiftung & Co. KG Procédé de fabrication d'une structure conductrice flexible
WO2010147942A1 (fr) * 2009-06-16 2010-12-23 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Dispositifs électrocinétiques non linéaires à multiples phases
DE102010012254A1 (de) * 2010-03-22 2011-09-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Substrat, Kultivierungseinrichtung und Kultivierungsverfahren für biologische Zellen

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PT4269792T (pt) 2025-11-26
DE102022204205A1 (de) 2023-11-02
EP4269792B1 (fr) 2025-08-20

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