EP4263888B1 - Apparatus for processing chemically exposed particulate solids - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a device for processing chemically contaminated solid particles, such as combustion dust, grinding dust, steelworks dust, sewage sludge, animal meal, shredder light fraction, battery scrap and the like, wherein the device has a housing and in the housing a combustion chamber lined with refractory material, wherein at a first axial end of the housing an axial inlet opening is provided in the housing, to which a feed device having a storage space for the solid particles is connected to a discharge opening for the solid particles, wherein a lance for injecting gases and/or aerosols into the combustion chamber axially passes through the inlet opening and dips axially into the combustion chamber, wherein the lance is separated from the storage space by a casing and wherein the casing extends into the combustion chamber and over the area of the lance dipping into the combustion chamber.

Devices of the type mentioned above are, for example, made of AT 504 073 A1 as well as from WO 2007/068025 A became known.

Chemically contaminated solid particles such as dust, dry sludge and sludge from the chemical industry, metallurgy, agriculture, municipal and industrial waste management, etc. and in particular combustion dust, grinding dust, steelworks dust, sewage sludge, animal meal, shredder light fraction, battery scrap and the like, represent a major environmental problem due to the high inorganic and organic pollutant content as well as the large specific surface and the high chemical reaction potential with the environment. The processing of the small solid particles is the subject of various technologies, but the The economically viable disposal of pollutants and, in particular, the value-added recovery of valuable materials from solid particles have not yet been satisfactorily resolved. Disposal of pollutants is very complex and therefore expensive, while the great value-added potential in the form of elements and compounds such as P, Li, K, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, CO, H ₂ and, last but not least, exergy is usually lost during disposal. The disposal of such dust or solid particles represents a high environmental risk and removes valuable elements from the material cycle. Mining and processing without a satisfactory concept for disposal, processing and recovery lead overall to massive environmental pollution, social burdens and significant carbon dioxide emissions.

Chemically contaminated dust fractions or solid particles pose major challenges for process control during thermal processing by combustion in injector burners, as is known in the prior art, since the otherwise high-performance injector burners, which are common in the prior art, do not result in sufficiently fine atomization of the solid particles to provide a sufficiently large specific surface for the desired conversion reactions to take place and to ensure a sufficiently long residence time in the area of the injector or the lance and subsequently in the flame of the injector burner, which is necessary for complete combustion of organic pollutants. Furthermore, the relevant solid particles are, due to the chemical load, particularly with a desirable high degree of atomization, to a non- insignificant extent, which makes their processing in conventional burners extremely problematic. Another major problem in the processing of chemically contaminated solid particles, such as dusts and dry sludges and the like, is that both the dusts or solid particles and their combustion products and intermediate combustion products are sometimes very abrasive and, above all, corrosive, which massively reduces the service life of the refractory materials required in injector burners to line the combustion chamber and sometimes makes continuous processing of the solid particles impossible.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a device for processing chemically contaminated solid particles, such as combustion dust, grinding dust, steelworks dust, sewage sludge, animal meal, shredder light fraction, battery scrap and the like, as well as a corresponding method, wherein the aforementioned disadvantages are avoided.

To achieve this object, a device according to the invention of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that the casing in the combustion chamber has an extension of its diameter, preferably to at least the diameter of the discharge opening. In the present invention, the lance is guided through the storage space of the feed device and opens into the combustion chamber along a longitudinal axis of the housing, which, apart from various attachments, has a substantially rotationally symmetrical configuration. In this case, however, the lance is separated from the solid particles in the feed device by the casing and Because, according to the invention, the casing extends into the combustion chamber and over the area of the lance that is immersed in the combustion chamber, the solid particles cannot reach the lance directly. Only through the effect of the gases and/or aerosols pushed in by the lance, which can be observed as strong negative pressure vortices in the area of the lance surrounded by the casing, are the reactants, i.e. the solid particles, in particular combustion dust, grinding dust, steelworks dust, sewage sludge, animal meal, shredder light fraction, battery scrap and the like, sucked around the casing and strongly swirled in the negative pressure area. This leads, if necessary, to residual drying of the solid particles and a highly effective increase in the specific surface area.

At the same time, the solid particles are centered in the flame adjacent to the lance, so that the combustion products and combustion intermediates do not come into contact with the refractory lining, or only to a very small extent. The device according to the invention therefore enables efficient combustion-chemical conversion of the solid particles in question, while protecting the refractory lining of the combustion chamber and significantly reducing the risk of an explosion of the solid particles and their dust.

According to the invention, the casing in the combustion chamber has an extension of its diameter, preferably to at least the diameter of the discharge opening. This allows the discharge opening to be further away from the combustion zone below the lance can be shielded and at the same time the path of the solid particles from the dispensing device to the combustion zone is extended, both of which lead to a reduction in the risk of explosion. In addition, an extension of the lance in the combustion chamber can lead to a flow-optimized embodiment of the present invention, since under certain circumstances the vacuum vortex zone in the area of the mouth of the lance is enlarged and optimized.

In this context, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the extension of the casing has a curved, rotationally symmetrical shape, in particular the shape of a sinusoidal surface of rotation. The design of the extension of the casing in the form of a sinusoidal surface of rotation means in the context of the present invention that the extension has a basically bell-like shape, whereby the bell shape can be completely open at the lower end of the extension, i.e. at the end of the extension on the combustion chamber side, or can already converge again. Depending on the geometry of the extension, different desirable negative pressure conditions and turbulences arise in the area between the extension and the lance, so that effective atomization and a sufficient residence time in the flame in the combustion chamber are achieved. The efficiency of the atomization and the resulting residence time in the flame can preferably be measured by an optical pyrometer directed through the lumen of the lance and the device can be controlled accordingly in order to ensure the best possible combustion. In this context, for example, it is planned that water is injected through the casing in order to regulate the flame.

In order to prevent overheating of the extension even during long operating times of the device according to the invention, the device according to the invention is preferably further developed in such a way that the casing is formed, at least in the area of the extension, by a metal tube through which coolant flows, which is wound to the extension in the form of adjacent spiral threads, the areas between the spiral turns are preferably filled and smoothed with the metal from which the pipe is made. This means that the expansion is formed by adjacent loops of a pipe which are coiled in such a way and which lie against one another in accordance with the desired shape of the expansion and are generally soldered to one another or otherwise materially connected to one another. The preferred filling and smoothing of the areas between the spiral turns of the pipe serves to prevent contamination and caking, particularly on the outside of the expansion formed from the pipe, along which, as mentioned above, the solid particles slide down from the storage space of the feed device to the lance or with which the solid particles come into contact during the turbulence in the combustion chamber caused by the negative pressure. The coolant is generally water, but air, oxygen and/or ionic liquids can also be used. The heat absorbed by the coolant can advantageously be used to heat oxygen or air in order to supply preheated oxygen or preheated air to the combustion process in the injector burner.

For the same purpose, the pipe can have a rectangular cross-section, preferably a square cross-section, as corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. This makes it possible to lay the loops of the pipe against one another and to connect them to one another largely without the formation of depressions between the loops. This also has the advantage that less material is required to fill areas between the spirals and the coolant can be found on the entire surface of the extension more or less directly under the surface and therefore a better cooling performance is achieved. The coolant is usually water, but air, oxygen and/or ionic liquids can also be used. The heat absorbed by the coolant can be used to heat oxygen or air in order to supply preheated oxygen or preheated air to the combustion process in the injector burner.

Since the formation of an area with a strong negative pressure and strong turbulence is of eminent importance for the present invention, the design of the lance deserves special attention. It is therefore advantageous that the lance opens into the combustion chamber by forming a convergent nozzle or a Laval nozzle, as corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Depending on the application and depending on the pressure or mass flow with which the gas flow is pushed into the combustion chamber through the lance, a convergent nozzle can be used to increase the gas velocity or a Laval nozzle can be used to even out or axially align the gas flow.

In order to be able to further regulate the flow conditions and in particular pressure gradients and the extent of turbulence between the extension and the lance according to the respective requirements, which depend on the nature of the solid particles to be processed, it can be provided according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention that the casing can be displaced in the axial direction relative to the lance and/or that the lance can be displaced in the axial direction relative to the casing. In this way, the lance and casing can be displaced relative to one another, whereby the flow conditions in the mentioned area can be changed and adjusted accordingly.

A further increase in the safety of the operation of the device according to the invention is achieved in that a connecting pipe for the feed device extends from the inlet opening, forming an annular space between the connecting pipe and the casing, beyond the discharge opening into the storage space of the feed device, as corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. This simple design measure means that less material that could ignite or explode reaches the area of the combustion chamber, and by appropriately dimensioning the parts of the device according to the invention that form the annular gap, it can be ensured that exactly the amount of solid particles that can be converted in the combustion chamber in a given period of time passes from the storage space of the feed device through the annular gap.

In order to achieve an even better swirling of the solid particles, the invention is preferably characterized in that the connecting pipe in the combustion chamber is widened to form a register and that, starting from the register, distribution pipes for solid particles run along the casing to the end of the casing on the combustion chamber side, wherein the distribution pipes are preferably arranged on the casing in such a way that solid particles entering the combustion chamber from the storage space of the feed device through the annular gap enter the combustion chamber with swirl.

Preferably, the distribution pipes and the casing are connected to each other, preferably by material, and form the inside of the casing. In this case, the casing is connected to the distribution pipes and between the distribution pipes Sheet metal. It can be advantageous to provide appropriate fittings in the lance to expel the central oxygen jet in the counter-swirl flow of solid particles, as is the case in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As a result, significantly fewer corrosive melt droplets are thrown at the refractory wall of the combustion chamber. This significantly protects the refractory lining of the combustion chamber, as there is less chemical wear in the form of corrosion and/or erosion. The flame in the combustion chamber also burns very quietly and develops in the central axis of the combustion chamber.

If, as just described, the distribution pipes form the inside of the casing, it can be useful for the distribution pipes to be provided with slots and/or holes directed towards the lance, at least in a partial area, as is the case in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this case, the solid particles can be sucked through the slots and/or holes towards the lance, creating optimal turbulence.

In order to be able to regulate the inflow of solid particles into the annular space between the connecting pipe and the casing, it can preferably be provided that a further pipe, preferably movable in the axial direction, is connected to the connecting pipe in the storage space at a distance from the connecting pipe. In this way, the further pipe forms an annular gap together with the connecting pipe, through which the solid particles enter the annular space between the connecting pipe and the casing and are subsequently drawn into the combustion chamber by gravity and by the suction of the solid particles already acting in the annular space between the connecting pipe and the casing. Gas flow is conveyed into the combustion chamber, whereby shearing and swirling of the solid particles occurs in the annular space. If, according to the preferred embodiment, the further pipe is axially displaceable, the width of the annular gap can be adjusted and the inflow into the annular space can be regulated.

Another type of regulation of the inflow into the annular space can be achieved according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention in that the connecting pipe in the storage space is axially closed and a radially opening and adjustably openable supply line to the connecting pipe opens into the connecting pipe.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a bottom is arranged in an axial plane of the feed device, which delimits the storage space at the bottom and through which a fluidization medium for the solid particles, in particular air, oxygen, water vapor, CO ₂ , H ₂ /CO, Cl ₂ , NH ₃ , phosgene, gaseous hydrocarbons and/or N ₂ , can flow from below. Such a bottom therefore generally has a large number of holes or slots, so that a fluidization medium can be blown into the storage space from below in order to fluidize the solid particles. In the context of the present invention, "fluidization medium" means a gaseous fluid that is conveyed into the solid particles held in the storage space with such kinetic energy that a fluidized bed of the solid particles to be processed is present in the feed device, so that the solid particles are suspended in the fluidization medium and are thus conveyed in a swirled state into the annular space between the connecting pipe and the casing. If necessary, for example in the case of When processing sludges in which solid particles are suspended in liquid phases, the fluidization medium can also be used for drying or, in the case of dry sludges, for subsequent drying, for which the fluidization medium is preferably conveyed through the soil at an elevated temperature. The fluidization medium can also be optimized for setting chemical and combustion stoichiometric parameters that promote combustion in the combustion chamber if, as is preferably provided, not only air but also, depending on requirements, oxygen, water vapor, CO ₂ , H ₂ /CO, Cl ₂ , NH ₃ , phosgene, gaseous hydrocarbons and/or N ₂ are used as the fluidization medium.

For the same purpose, at least one connecting line for a fluidization medium for the solid particles, in particular air, oxygen, water vapor, CO ₂ , H ₂ /CO, Cl ₂ , NH ₃ , phosgene, gaseous hydrocarbons and/or N ₂ , and/or gaseous, liquid and/or solid additives, in particular Cl ₂ , COCl ₂ , PVC, NaCl, CaCl ₂ , H ₂ O, can open into the storage space, as corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

To further reduce the risk of an explosion of the chemically contaminated and mostly dust-like solid particles in the feed device and in the annular space between the connecting pipe and the casing, the present invention is preferably further developed in such a way that a separating plate with a hole concentric with the casing is arranged in the combustion chamber in a plane downstream of the casing to form a combustion chamber pre-chamber, the hole having a smaller diameter than the diameter of the open end of the Casing, wherein the separating plate is preferably displaceable in the axial direction. The separating plate is spaced apart from the extension and, together with the extension, forms an annular gap through which the solid particles are sucked by the effect of the negative pressure resulting from the gas stream injected into the combustion chamber, in order to be sucked towards the flame arising in the area of the lance and centred in the flame. The width of the annular gap depends on the dimensions of the extension and the hole in the separating plate, as well as on the relative axial position of the separating plate in relation to the extension, wherein in a preferred embodiment the width of the annular gap is adjustable by the separating plate being displaceable in the axial direction. If both the separating plate and the extension are moved downwards, the prechamber is enlarged and the combustion zone moves further away from the feed device, which in turn reduces the risk of the dust in the feed device exploding.

For the same purpose, but with an increased focus on the optimized setting of the flow conditions of the solid particles on the way from the feed device to the lance, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a guide body, preferably a guide body that can be moved in the axial direction, is arranged in the combustion chamber in a plane downstream of the casing to form a combustion chamber pre-chamber, which has a radially inward, preferably curved, rotationally symmetrical course in the direction from the inlet opening to the combustion chamber. Such a guide body is thus a rotationally symmetrical ring with a thickness that decreases from the outer edge to a hole in the middle.

The specific design is such that the solid particles are swirled as optimally as possible and guided to the flame created at the lance.

Due to the high temperatures in the combustion chamber that occur during the combustion of the solid particles and with the task of processing the solid particles with the device according to the invention continuously and constantly over many hours and even days, it may be necessary to take special precautions for cooling sensitive components in the combustion chamber. The present invention is therefore further developed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention in such a way that the separating plate or the guide body has an internal cooling system. The internal cooling is preferably designed as a system of lines or cavities in the separating plate or the guide body, in which a coolant such as water flows.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the housing forms an extraction chamber for reaction products, which is preferably designed as an annular chimney that surrounds the combustion chamber on the outside. According to this preferred embodiment of the present invention, the housing forms an extension around the upper housing part, which contains the inlet opening and optionally the separating plate or the guide body, in a lower region, the wall of which is guided around the outside of the upper housing part, so that an annular space is created that is closed off at an upper end. Gaseous reaction products rise into this annular space and in the gas flow suspended solid reaction products and can be removed from there.

The removal of the gaseous reaction products and the solid reaction products suspended in the gas flow and the separation of the gaseous reaction products from the solid reaction products suspended in the gas flow can be carried out in any conceivable manner, but it is preferred that the removal chamber is connected to a cyclone separator via at least one removal line. In the cyclone separator, the products mentioned are separated from one another and can then be suitably further treated.

Preferably, the exhaust line can have a gas-dynamic throttle, in particular a Tesla valve, as corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. This allows suitable pressure conditions to be built up in the combustion chamber, whereby the use of a gas-dynamic valve, in contrast to conventional mechanical valves, is considered advantageous with regard to avoiding caking and subsequent blockages of the valve.

In order to collect molten reaction products at the bottom of the housing, the device according to the invention is preferably further developed in such a way that a sump and a tapping device for molten reaction products are arranged at a second axial end of the housing, wherein the housing is preferably electrically heatable in the area of the tapping device. The second end of the housing is thus the bottom of the housing and closes the housing at the bottom. The molten Reaction products, for example metal melts and phosphate slag melts. The melts mentioned can be tapped from there and sent for further processing. Because the housing in the area of the tapping device can preferably be heated electrically, the tapping device can be prevented from freezing by heating even when the melt flow is low, or it is possible to let the tapping device freeze when the melt flow is low in order to tap the melt in batches. According to this preferred embodiment, this can again be done by heating the housing area near the tapping device.

The phosphate slag melt can be cooled rapidly, in particular on a molten tin bath, in order to vitrify the phosphate slag melt, so that the vitrified slag can be ground and used as a highly hydraulic additive in the cement industry. Such a process for vitrifying slag melt and in particular phosphate slag melt is described in the international application WO 2020/124105 A1 by the applicant. The pollutant-free phosphate slag melt purified by the process according to the invention can, after cooling, also be used as Thomas meal (fertilizer).

The method according to the invention for processing chemically contaminated solid particles, such as combustion dust, grinding dust, steelworks dust, sewage sludge, animal meal, shredder light fraction, battery scrap and the like, is characterized by the use of the device according to the invention and therefore offers, as described above, considerable advantages with regard to the residence time of the Solid particles in the flame, reducing the risk of explosion of dust-like solid particles in the area of the injector burner and protecting the refractory lining in the combustion chamber.

The gas stream preferably consists of an oxygen-containing gas, in particular a mixture of air and pure oxygen, as corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Because the gas stream contains oxygen and preferably consists of a mixture of air and oxygen, oxygen can be provided in the combustion chamber in sufficient quantities for the combustion processes and, according to the preferred embodiment, the lambda value in the combustion chamber can be adjusted. The gas stream preferably consists of pure oxygen as an oxygen-containing gas. Depending on the application, lambda values of 0.8 to 1.5 are considered suitable for suitably converting solid particles of various types.

In order to prevent the flames of the combustion processes in the combustion chamber from flashing back into the feed device when the method according to the invention is carried out, the method according to the invention is further developed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention in such a way that the gas flow is injected into the combustion chamber at a gas flow rate above the ignition rate of the solid particles, preferably at a gas flow rate of at least twice the ignition rate. The ignition rate depends on the type of solid particles and is known for a large number of solid particles. The ignition rate expresses the speed at which a flame spreads. If now according to this preferred embodiment of the If, according to the present invention, the gas stream is injected into the combustion chamber at a gas flow rate above the ignition rate of the solid particles, preferably at a gas flow rate of at least twice the ignition rate, it can be ensured that the burning solid particles do not ignite back in the direction of the feed device and a particularly safe process sequence can thus be guaranteed.

To further improve the turbulence of the solid particles to be processed using the method according to the invention, the method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention can be further developed such that the gas flow is injected into the combustion chamber in the region of a convergent nozzle of the lance or in the region of a constriction of a Laval nozzle of the lance at a gas flow speed above the speed of sound of the injected gas. It is obvious that setting such high gas flow speeds leads to strong negative pressures next to the lance and strong turbulence due to the Bernoulli effect, so that any solid particles adhering to one another are mostly completely separated from one another, so that a high specific surface is made available for the combustion processes.

As described above in connection with the device according to the invention, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention it can be advantageous that the storage space is flowed through by a bottom which delimits the storage space at the bottom with a fluidization medium for the solid particles, in particular air, oxygen, water vapor, CO ₂ , H ₂ /CO, Cl ₂ , NH ₃ , phosgene, gaseous hydrocarbons and/or N ₂ . In this way, that there is a fluidized bed of the solid particles to be processed in the feed device, so that the solid particles are suspended in the fluidization medium and are thus conveyed in a fluidized state into the annular space between the connecting pipe and the casing. If necessary, for example when processing sludges in which solid particles are suspended in liquid phases, the fluidization medium can also be used for drying or, in the case of dry sludges, for subsequent drying, for which the fluidization medium is preferably conveyed through the bottom at an elevated temperature. The fluidization medium can also be optimized for the setting of chemical and combustion stoichiometric parameters that are conducive to combustion in the combustion chamber if, as is preferably provided, not only air but also oxygen, water vapor, CO ₂ , H ₂ /CO, Cl ₂ , NH ₃ , phosgene, gaseous hydrocarbons and/or N ₂ are used as the fluidization medium, as is preferably the case.

Likewise, it has already been described in connection with the device according to the invention that a fluidization medium for the solid particles, in particular air, oxygen, water vapor, CO ₂ , H ₂ /CO, Cl ₂ , NH ₃ , phosgene, gaseous hydrocarbons and/or N ₂ can be introduced into the storage space via at least one connecting line, and/or gaseous, liquid and/or solid additives, in particular Cl ₂ , COCl ₂ , PVC, NaCl, CaCl ₂ , H ₂ O can be introduced, as corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method according to the invention is further developed in such a way that gaseous and/or solid Reaction products are removed and solid reaction products are separated from gaseous reaction products in a cyclone separator. In the cyclone separator, the above-mentioned products are separated from one another and can then be suitably treated further.

Preferably, solid reaction products are subjected to non-ferrous metallurgical processing, for which a large number of processes are known to the person skilled in the art.

According to a special and preferred embodiment of the present invention, gaseous reaction products are brought into contact with wood for cooling and are reacted, and charcoal and/or wood ash particles formed in the process and laden with adhering reaction products are fed to the non-ferrous metallurgical processing. Charcoal particles laden with adhering reaction products can be used directly as fuel in the non-ferrous metallurgical processing.

A concrete application example of the present invention is described below:
1 t (ton) of dry sewage sludge (100% dry matter) with an enthalpy content of 12 MJ/kg corresponding to an energy content of 3.6 KWh/kg is fed into a mixer with 0.1 t CaCO ₃ and 0.2 t H ₂ O, whereby 47.4 kg NH ₃ are expelled. The mixture of 1.25 t is injected into the combustion chamber of the device according to the invention with 1.26 t O ₂ (λ=1 (Lambda=1)). The temperature in the combustion chamber is approximately 1600°C. 0.5 t of molten Phosphate slag is obtained with a heat content of 200 KWh. The phosphate slag melt is heated to 600°C in a tin bath (according to WO 2020/124105 A1 The slag is cooled and vitrified in a slag cooler (the applicant's own) to obtain 0.5 t of a cement-compatible, highly hydraulic slag with a heat content of 80 kWh. The process according to WO 2020/124105 A1 Furthermore, 0.43 t of wood is added per ton of dry sewage sludge, which produces 0.14 t of charcoal and 0.29 t of pyrolysis gas. The charcoal formed during vitrification can be further processed into activated carbon by treatment with steam.

When the dry sewage sludge is burned in the device according to the invention (injector burner), 2.0 t of process gas are produced at a temperature of approximately 1600°C with a heat content of 3.4 MWh. The process gas consists of approximately 1.02 t CO ₂ , 0.97 t H ₂ O and 0.03 t sulfur (S). The approximately 2 t of process gas can in turn be brought into contact with 1 t of wood (ie 0.5 t carbon, 0.43 t oxygen and 0.06 t H ₂ O) and thereby cooled. The temperature of the gas is reduced from an initial approximately 1600°C to approximately 700°C, and approximately 1.9 MWh are produced as usable heat. From the 3 t of starting materials (2 t process gas and 1 t wood), 1.628 t CO, 0.97 t H ₂ O, 0.332 t CO ₂ , 0.06 t H ₂ and 0.03 t sulfur are formed by gasification of the wood. These products are produced in gaseous form and can subsequently be converted into 0.174 t H ₂ , 2.89 t CO ₂ and 0.03 t sulfur by contact with 0.072 t steam (water gas reaction: CO+ H ₂ O → CO ₂ +H ₂ ). The total yield of H ₂ hydrogen gas results from the water gas formed and the pyrolysis gas from the vitrification of the phosphate slag at approximately 0.2 t H ₂ per ton of dry sewage sludge. If old plastic is used instead of wood to cool the process gas, significantly more H ₂ is produced and methane can also be produced. (natural gas). In addition to waste plastic, biomass, various waste fractions, shredder light fraction and/or waste oil can also be used as coolants for the process gases to form synthesis gas. In connection with the present invention, these cooling processes, known as quenching, are preferably carried out in a riser gasifier and the escaping gases can then be condensed in a gas converter with the addition of water and with cooling. Ultimately, only H ₂ and CO ₂ are obtained as exhaust gases from the gas converter. The volatile metal species from the injector burner condense in the gas converter as aerosols and have an extremely large specific surface area due to the fine atomization in the injector burner according to the invention. For this reason, the metal aerosols present in such finely divided form act excellently as catalysts in the water gas reaction. This applies in particular when the reaction in the injector burner is carried out at λ>1 or when oxygen is added to the water gas reaction. In addition to the addition of pure oxygen, air, water vapor and/or CO ₂ can also be used.

• Figur 1 ein vereinfachtes Verfahrensschema des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
• Figur 2 eine vereinfachte Schnittdarstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
• Figur 3 ein Detail der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung im Bereich der Lanze
• Figur 4 ein Detail der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung im Bereich der Lanze gemäß einer bevorzugten Variante der vorliegenden Erfindung und
• Figur 5 eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Ummantelung mit Verteilrohren.

The invention is explained in more detail below using an embodiment shown in the drawing.

• Figure 1 a simplified process diagram of the process according to the invention,
• Figure 2 a simplified sectional view of the device according to the invention,
• Figure 3 a detail of the device according to the invention in the area of the lance
• Figure 4 a detail of the device according to the invention in the area of the lance according to a preferred variant of the present invention and
• Figure 5 a preferred embodiment of the casing with distribution pipes.

In Figure 1 The device or the injector burner according to the present invention is designated with 1. The injector burner 1 is fed with dry sewage sludge and lime carriers, for example, whereby the dry sewage sludge and lime carriers are fluidized with an oxygen-containing gas or a mixture of air and pure oxygen as a fluidization medium. After the combustion of the chemically loaded solid particles, phosphate slag accumulates at the bottom of the injector burner 1 and can be used in the cement industry after reduction to P ₄ and phosphate-free slag according to the process according to Austrian patent application A0143/2020 the applicant as a hydraulic additive or in agriculture as a fertilizer. Gaseous particles and solid particles suspended in the gas stream are fed to the process gas treatment. The gaseous reaction products can be brought into contact with old plastic or biomass, for example, and cooled in this way, while the organics of the old plastic are completely converted to H ₂ and CO. The gases formed are separated in a dust filter 2 or a cyclone separator 2, whereupon the separated metal dust is fed to the metallurgical processing, while H ₂ and CO can be thermally utilized as synthesis gas or used in other ways in the chemical industry.

In Figure 2 The housing of the device according to the invention is designated by the reference numeral 3 and the combustion chamber in the housing 3 by the reference numeral 4. At a first axial end 5 of the housing 3, which represents the upper end of the upright injector burner 1, a Inlet opening 6 is arranged in the housing 3, to which a feed device 8 having a storage space 7 is connected. A lance 9 for injecting gases and/or aerosols into the combustion chamber 4 passes axially through the inlet opening 6 and dips axially into the combustion chamber 4. A discharge opening of the feed device 8 is designated 10, with the lance 9 also passing axially through the discharge opening 10. The housing 3 forms an extraction space 11 for reaction products, which is designed as an annular space-shaped chimney surrounding the combustion chamber 4 on the outside. Gaseous reaction products or solid reaction products suspended in the gas stream are led into a dust filter 2 or a cyclone separator 2 via an extraction line 12, and solid reaction products are discharged, for example, via a rotary valve 13. At position 14, reactive adsorbents such as hydrocarbons, biomass, wood, limestone and the like can be added to the reaction products withdrawn from the combustion chamber 4 or the discharge chamber 11. 15 designates a sump for molten reaction products, usually phosphate slag, from which the molten reaction products can be drained by means of a tapping device 16. In particular, a process for vitrifying phosphate slag melt is intended, as is the case in the WO 2020/124105 A1 the applicant of the present application. The longitudinal axis of the device according to the invention is designated by the reference numeral 36.

In Figure 3 it can now be seen that the storage space 7 of the feed device 8 is axially penetrated by the lance 9 and that the lance 9 furthermore penetrates the discharge opening 10 of the feed device 8 and the inlet opening 6 of the housing 3 axially penetrates. The lance 9 is axially displaceable in the axial direction according to the double arrow 17 and can thus dip to different depths into the combustion chamber 4. The storage space 7 of the feed device 8 is limited at the bottom by a base 18, the base 18 having holes 19 or slots 19, whereby the base 18 can be flowed through by a fluidization medium for the solid particles. In the storage space 7 of the feed device 8, the solid particles are fluidized as a fluidized bed. Connecting lines 20 and 20' also open into the storage space 7 in order to introduce fluidization media for the solid particles, in particular air, oxygen, water vapor, CO ₂ , H ₂ /CO, Cl ₂ , NH ₃ , phosgene, gaseous hydrocarbons and/or N ₂ . The lance 9 is separated from the storage chamber 7 by a casing 21 and a connecting pipe 22 for the feed device 8, which extends beyond the discharge opening 10 into the storage chamber 7 of the feed device 8, forming an annular space 23 between the connecting pipe 22 and the casing 21, the casing 21 extending into the combustion chamber 4 and over the area of the lance 9 that is immersed in the combustion chamber 4. The lance 9 pushes a gas stream with high kinetic energy into the combustion chamber 4, forming a vacuum system with strong turbulence, which sucks the solid particles out of the annular space 23 and around the extension 24 of the casing 21 into the area of the lance 9. 25 designates a separating plate with a hole 26 concentric with the casing 21, the hole 26 having a smaller diameter than the diameter of the open end of the casing 21 on the combustion chamber side and the separating plate 25 being displaceable in the axial direction 17. Both the lance 9 and the casing 21 are independently movable in the axial direction Direction 17. The reference number 27 designates a further pipe which is displaceable in the axial direction and which connects to the connecting pipe 22 at a distance from the connecting pipe 22 and which is sealed against the casing 21 of the lance 9 by sealing lips 28.

In Figure 4 it can be seen that the casing 21 in the area of the extension 24 is formed by a metallic tube 29 through which coolant can flow, which is wound in the form of spiral threads 30 lying against one another to form the extension 24, wherein the areas between the spiral threads 30 can be filled and smoothed with the metal from which the tube 29 is made, but this is not possible in Figure 4 is not shown. The lance 9 is sealed off from the casing 21 by sealing lips 31. 32 designates a guide body which can be moved in the axial direction 17 and which has a radially inward, preferably curved, rotationally symmetrical course in the direction from the inlet opening 6 of the housing 3 to the combustion chamber 4, whereby a prechamber 33 is formed in the combustion chamber 4. The rotationally symmetrical extension 24 of the casing 21 is adapted in its sinusoidal bell shape to the rotationally symmetrical course of the guide body 32, whereby an optimized vortex channel is formed between the extension 24 and the guide body 32 for the solid particles to be processed. The guide body is cooled by internal cooling lines 34. The lance 9 is sealed off from the casing 21 by sealing lips 31.

In Figure 5 In turn, identical or corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numerals. It can be seen that the connecting pipe 22 in the combustion chamber 4 is widened to form a register 37. The register is followed by Distributor pipes 38 which are materially connected to the casing 21 and also form the inside of the casing 21. The casing 21 is provided in the combustion chamber 4 with slots and/or holes directed towards the lance 9, which is symbolized by the arrows 38a representing the solid particle flow emerging from the slots and/or holes. The connecting pipe 22 is closed axially in the storage chamber 7, i.e. at the top, and an adjustable, openable supply line 39 opens radially into the connecting pipe 22. The supply line 39 can be closed by opening and closing the closure body 40 in the direction of the double arrow 44, whereby the gap width between the closure body 40 and the supply line is adjustable. The reference number 41 designates sealing lips. The material is fed in via the conveyor screw 42 or via a schematically shown feed 43 in the area under the floor 18, from where compressed air is also supplied to fluidize the solid particles.

Claims (16)

1. Apparatus for processing chemically burdened particulate solids, such as combustion dusts, grinding dusts, steel mill dusts, sewage sludge, animal meal, shredder light fraction and battery scrap, wherein the apparatus (1) comprises a housing (3) and in the housing (3) a combustion chamber (4) lined with refractory material, wherein an axial inlet opening (6) into the housing (3) is provided at a first axial end (5) of the housing (3), to which a feeding apparatus (8 comprising a storage chamber (7) for the particulate solids is connected with a dispensing opening (10) for the particulate solids, wherein a lance (9) for injecting gases and/or aerosols into the combustion chamber (4) passes axially through the inlet opening (6) and plunges axially into the combustion chamber (4), wherein the lance (9) is separated from the storage chamber (7) by a sheathing (21), wherein the sheathing (21) extends into the combustion chamber (4) and beyond the region of the lance (9) plunging into the combustion chamber (4), characterized in that the sheathing (21) in the combustion chamber (4) comprises an extension (24) of its diameter, preferably to at least the diameter of the dispensing opening (10), the extension (24) of the sheathing (21) preferably having a curved rotationally symmetrical shape, in particular the shape of a sinusoidal surface of rotation.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the lance (9) opens into the combustion chamber (4), forming a convergent nozzle or a de Laval nozzle, the sheathing (21) preferably being slidable in the axial direction relative to the lance (9) and/or the lance (9) being slidable in the axial direction relative to the sheathing (21).
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, starting from the inlet opening (6), a connection pipe for the feeding apparatus (8) extends beyond the dispensing opening (10) into the storage chamber (7) of the feeding apparatus (8), forming an annular space (23) between the connection pipe (22) and the sheathing (21).
4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the connection pipe (22) in the combustion chamber (4) is widened to form a register (37) and in that, starting from the register (37), distribution pipes (38) for particulate solids run along the sheathing (21) to the end of the sheathing (21) on the combustion chamber side, the distribution pipes (38) preferably being arranged on the sheathing (21) in such a way, that particulate solids passing from the storage chamber (7) of the feeding apparatus (8) through the annular space (23) into the combustion chamber (4) enter the combustion chamber (4) with a swirl, wherein preferably the distribution pipes (38) and the sheathing (21) are, preferably materially, connected to one another and wherein the distribution pipes (38) form the inside of the sheathing (21), wherein preferably the sheathing (21) in the combustion chamber (4) is provided at least in a partial region with slots and/or holes directed towards the lance (9).
5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that in the storage chamber (7) an additional pipe (27), preferably slidable in the axial direction, follows the connection pipe (22) at a distance from the connection pipe (22).
6. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the connection pipe (22) in the storage chamber (7) is axially closed and a radially opening and adjustably openable supply duct to the connection pipe (22) opens into the connection pipe (22).
7. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in an axial plane of the feeding apparatus (8) there is arranged a tray (18) downwardly delimiting the storage chamber (7) through which a fluidization medium for the particulate solids, in particular air, oxygen, water vapour, CO₂, H₂/CO, Cl₂, NH₃, phosgene, gaseous hydrocarbons and/or N₂, can flow from below, wherein preferably at least one connection duct (20, 20') for the fluidization medium for the particulate solids, in particular air, oxygen, water vapour, CO₂, H₂/CO, Cl₂, NH₃, phosgene, gaseous hydrocarbons and/or N₂, and/or gaseous, liquid and/or solid additives, in particular Cl₂, COCl₂, PVC, NaCl, CaCl₂, H₂O, opens into the storage chamber (7).
8. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the combustion chamber (4) in a plane downstream of the sheathing (21) a separating plate (25) with a hole (26) concentric with the casing (21) is arranged to form a combustion prechamber (33) , wherein the hole (26) comprises a smaller diameter than the diameter of the open end of the sheathing (21) on the combustion chamber side, wherein preferably the separating plate (25) is slidable in the axial direction, wherein preferably the separating plate (25) comprises an internal cooling.
9. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the combustion chamber (4) in a plane downstream of the sheathing (21) a guide body (32), preferably a guide body (32) slidable in the axial direction is arranged to form a combustion prechamber (33), which comprises a radially inwardly directed, preferably curved, rotationally symmetrical gradient in the direction from the inlet opening (6) to the combustion chamber (4), wherein preferably the guide body (32) preferably comprises an internal cooling (34).
10. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the housing (3) forms an exhaust chamber (11) for reaction products, which is preferably designed as an annular stack surrounding the combustion chamber (4) on the outside, wherein preferably the exhaust chamber (11) is connected to a cyclone separator (2) via at least one exhaust duct (12) and preferably the exhaust duct (12) comprises a gas-dynamic throttle, in particular a Tesla valve.
11. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at a second axial end of the housing (3), a sump (15) and a tapping device (16) for molten reaction products are arranged, the housing (3) preferably being electrically heatable in the region of the tapping device (16).
12. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheathing (21) is formed, at least in the region of the extension (24), by a metallic pipe (29) through which coolant flows and which is wound in the form of adjacent spiral flights (30) to form the extension (24), wherein preferably the areas between the spiral flights (30) are filled or smoothed with the metal of which the metallic pipe (29) is composed of, and wherein the metallic pipe (29) preferably comprises a rectangular cross-section, preferably a square cross-section.
13. Method for processing chemically burdened particulate solids, such as combustion dusts, grinding dusts, steel mill dusts, sewage sludge, animal meal, shredder light fraction, battery scrap and the like, with an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
14. Method according to claim 13, wherein the gas stream consists of an oxygen-containing gas, in particular of a mixture of air and pure oxygen, wherein preferably a gas flow is injected into the combustion chamber at a gas flow velocity above the ignition velocity of the particulate solids and preferably at a gas flow velocity of at least twice the ignition velocity, and wherein more preferably the gas flow in the region of a convergent nozzle of the lance or in the region of a constriction of a de Laval nozzle of the lance is injected into the combustion chamber at a gas flow velocity above the sonic velocity of the injected gas.
15. Method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the storage chamber (7) is flowed through with a fluidization medium for the particulate solids , in particular air, oxygen, water vapour, CO₂, H₂/CO, Cl₂, NH₃, phosgene, gaseous hydrocarbons and/or N₂, through a tray (18) downwardly delimiting the storage chamber (7), wherein preferably the fluidization medium for the particulate solids, in particular air, oxygen, water vapour, CO₂, H₂/CO, Cl₂, NH₃, phosgene, gaseous hydrocarbons and/or N₂ is introduced and/or gaseous, liquid and/or solid additives, in particular Cl₂, COCl₂, PVC, NaCl, CaCl₂, H₂O are introduced into the storage space (7) via at least one connection duct (20, 20').
16. Method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein gaseous and/or solid reaction products are drawn off and solid reaction products are separated from gaseous reaction products in a cyclone separator (2) and preferably solid reaction products are routed to non-ferrous metallurgical processing and preferably gaseous reaction products are brought into contact with wood for cooling and caused to react and thereby formed charcoal and/or charcoal ash particles, loaded with adhering reaction products, are routed to non-ferrous metallurgical processing.

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