EP4259530A1

EP4259530A1 - Packaging machine for paper bags

Info

Publication number: EP4259530A1
Application number: EP21839018.5A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Karl Lüdenbach; Martin GRESSLER; Simon BILSTEIN
Original assignee: HDG Verpackungsmaschinen GmbH
Current assignee: HDG Verpackungsmaschinen GmbH
Priority date: 2020-12-11
Filing date: 2021-12-08
Publication date: 2023-10-18
Also published as: US20240043150A1; WO2022122816A1; DE102020007609A1; JP2024502903A

Abstract

The invention relates to a packaging machine (1) for producing a packaging bag (20), in particular a packaging bag for bulk material, and for closing a filled packaging bag, comprising: a feed device (2) for feeding in a packaging material (22); at least one connecting device (30) for producing the packaging bag by connection of at least two layers of the packaging material, wherein, during the connection, the packaging material is conveyed substantially continuously, in particular without acceleration; and at least one closure device (40) for closing the produced and filled packaging bag (20).

Description

Paper bag packaging machine

description

The invention relates to a packaging machine and a method for producing and closing a packaging bag, a connecting device for producing a packaging bag, a closing device for closing a packaging bag and a closed packaging bag.

For many years, there has been an increasing burden on waste management systems and the environment from packaging waste that is not or only partially recyclable. Frequently used packaging made of plastic, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is usually easy and inexpensive to produce in a variety of forms. Although some plastics are in principle recyclable, there are various material and procedural problems that stand in the way of large-scale reuse of recyclable plastic. In addition, the plastics are often not disposed of properly, so that they are withheld from the recycling cycle. The same applies to composite packaging, such as beverage cartons, which often consist of cardboard coated with aluminum and/or polyethylene.

In order to reduce packaging waste or increase the recyclability of packaging, environmentally friendly and sustainable companies are increasingly making efforts to use alternative, more environmentally friendly and/or fully recyclable packaging materials to switch

Packaging can be made to meet different needs. In particular, the packaging material can be shaped and/or glued in a variety of ways. Commonly used adhesives for gluing packaging materials are, for example, PUR adhesive and EVA hot-melt adhesive. However, the use of adhesives for gluing the packaging material is problematic, since this reduces the recyclability of packaging, for example.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a packaging machine and a method for producing and closing a packaging bag, a connecting device for producing a packaging bag, a closing device for closing a packaging bag and a closed packaging bag with increased recyclability.

This object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

One aspect of the invention relates to a packaging machine for producing a packaging bag, in particular a packaging bag for bulk goods, and for closing a filled packaging bag, comprising: a feed device for feeding a packaging material; at least one connecting device for producing the packaging bag, which has at least one opening, by connecting at least two layers of the packaging material, the packaging material being conveyed essentially continuously, in particular without acceleration, during the connection; and at least one closure device for closing the at least one opening of the manufactured and filled packaging bag.

Manufacturing a packaging bag within the meaning of the present application describes in particular the production of a preferably hollow, thin-walled object which is suitable for receiving one or more other objects, wherein a packaging bag produced has at least one opening through which one or more objects can be inserted into and/or removed from the packaging bag or can be taken out. The opening of the packaging bag produced can preferably be closed by means of the closure device after the packaging bag has been filled.

The packaging machine mentioned above has a device which is set up to connect a packaging material that is conveyed at a substantially constant speed. This has the particular advantage that no intermittent conveying, i.e. alternating acceleration and deceleration or stopping, of the packaging material is required. In this way, in particular, the course of the manufacturing process can be accelerated. Alternatively and/or additionally, a force on the packaging material caused by repeated acceleration and deceleration can be avoided, so that material fatigue is prevented, or at least reduced, and thus less resistant packaging materials can also be used.

In the present application, reference is made in particular to packaging bags which are suitable for receiving bulk goods. Bulk material is understood to mean, for example, an essentially powdery, grainy, granular and/or lumpy mixture, which is preferably present in pourable form. Bulk goods within the meaning of this application also include so-called loose goods, i.e. essentially pourable, definable or quantifiable units, such as hardware or assembly accessories (e.g. screws, nuts, nails, washers, felt pads and the like.), handicraft and sewing materials (e.g beads, (press) buttons, sequins and the like), stationery (e.g. paper clips and the like), toys (e.g. building blocks, toy figures, dice and the like) and, preferably dry, food (e.g. biscuits, cereals/muesli, coffee, rice, pasta, sugar, salt and the like). Alternatively and/or additionally, packaging bags can be suitable for holding a single object, such as a connection cable, a hand tool or the like.

The connecting device and/or the closing device is preferably set up to connect the packaging material mechanically, in particular by embossing, interlocking and/or knurling.

Manufacturing a packaging bag includes, for example, connecting two or more layers of packaging material. The two or more layers can be arranged at least in regions one above the other or opposite one another, for example by folding at least one part or section of a packaging material. Alternatively and/or additionally, two or more pieces or sheets of packaging material, e.g.

A mechanical connection describes in particular a connection of, for example, two layers of a packaging material that is essentially free of material bonding. A mechanical connection preferably takes place by forming a non-positive and/or positive connection by exerting pressure on one or more, e.g. two, objects to be connected and/or at least partial reshaping of one or more, e.g. two, objects to be connected.

A preferred form of mechanical connection includes embossing and/or interlocking and/or knurling of at least one of the connection partners, ie the objects to be connected. Embossing describes in particular a manufacturing process of pressure forming, in which a surface of a workpiece is preferably pressed and/or embossed. Knurling and/or knurling describes a sub-form of embossing, in particular forming a circumferential shape deviation of a body of revolution. This can be done, for example, by milling, pressing and/or embossing. Advantageously, a forming tool or embossing tool pressed with pressure on a surface of an object, for example a surface of a packaging material, causes an at least partial or regional deformation of the surface of the object (relief). Particularly in the case of thin or essentially two-dimensional objects, for example a sheet of paper and/or a metal sheet and/or a film, in particular a plastic film, and/or a laminate, a corresponding deformation can also be achieved through suitable pressure and design of the forming tool or embossing tool generated on the opposite surface.

In particular, two or more, for example three or four, layers of an object arranged one on top of the other, for example layers of a packaging material, can be embossed or formed together or simultaneously. As a result, each ply forms a substantially identical or uniform relief, with the reliefs of adjacent or adjacent plies interlocking. If the reliefs are formed or shaped in a suitable manner, the two or more layers are essentially connected in a non-positive and/or positive manner.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a packaging machine for producing a packaging bag, in particular a packaging bag for bulk goods, and for closing a filled packaging bag, comprising: a feed device for feeding a packaging material; at least one connecting device for producing a packaging bag, which has at least one opening, by mechanically connecting at least two layers of the packaging material; and at least one closure device for closing the at least one opening of the manufactured and filled packaging bag.

As described above, the connecting device and/or the closing device is preferably set up to connect the packaging material by embossing, interlocking and/or knurling. The packaging material is advantageously conveyed essentially continuously, in particular without acceleration, when being connected by the at least one connecting device. In particular, as described above, this prevents or reduces wear and/or damage to the packaging material. Alternatively and/or additionally, an essentially continuous, ie essentially uninterrupted, conveying of the packaging material enables an increased process speed or an increased throughput.

More preferably, at least one connecting device is displaced relative to the packaging material during connection. In particular, a connecting device can be displaced relative to the packaging material and/or relative to any essentially stationary reference point, for example the packaging machine as a whole, while connecting two or more layers of packaging material. For example, a connecting device can be moved from one end of the packaging material to the other end thereof in order to connect the packaging material over the appropriate length or distance, or at least part of it. This is particularly advantageous if the connection takes place in a process step in which at least part of the packaging material remains at least temporarily essentially stationary.

As described with regard to the connecting device, the at least one closure device can be displaced in relation to the packaging material and/or the packaging bag during closure. As an alternative and/or in addition, the packaging material is conveyed essentially continuously, in particular without acceleration, during closure by the at least one closure device. More preferably, the connecting device and/or the closing device is set up to connect at least two, in particular three or four, layers of the packaging material. Particularly preferably, the connecting device and/or the closing device is set up to connect the packaging material at least partially essentially without a material bond.

A cohesive connection is characterized in particular by the connection of connection partners, e.g. two or more layers of packaging material, by atomic and/or molecular forces. A material connection is achieved, for example, by soldering, welding, gluing and/or vulcanizing. According to aspects of the present invention, packaging material is connected to produce a packaging bag and/or to close a packaging bag, preferably essentially without creating or forming a material connection. In particular in the case of packaging material comprising fibrous material, such as paper and/or cardboard, it is advantageous not to use adhesive when connecting the packaging material, in order to obtain increased recyclability of the packaging.

More preferably, the connecting device and/or the closing device is set up to connect the packaging material essentially in a positive and/or non-positive manner.

A form-fitting connection is created in particular by an at least partial engagement of at least two connection partners, so that loosening of the connection partners in at least one direction is prevented, or at least made more difficult. Examples of a positive connection are: tongue and groove connection, zip fastener, Velcro fastener, interlocking and the like. Optionally, a connecting element, such as a rivet, screw and/or cotter pin, can be arranged with an essentially precise fit in corresponding recesses of two connection partners, so that the connection partners are prevented from separating in at least one direction, or at least made significantly more difficult.

A non-positive connection is characterized in particular by a normal force on the surfaces to be connected, so that mutual displacement is prevented, or at least made significantly more difficult. An example of a non-positive connection is clamping two objects or weighing one object down.

More preferably, the packaging machine has at least one connecting device which is set up to produce one or more connecting seams essentially parallel to a conveying direction of the packaging material, essentially without a material bond; and a second connecting device and/or a closing device, which are set up to produce one or more connecting seams at least partially or completely by means of a material connection or essentially without a material connection, essentially orthogonally to a conveying direction of the packaging material.

This configuration is particularly advantageous for a packaging machine which, according to a so-called vertical form, fill and

Sealing machine (VFFS - vertical form fill and seal machine) works, as shown in Figure 8, since in particular the cohesive and orthogonal to

Direction of transport arranged connecting seam - is exposed to an increased load during the filling process - to produce an open packaging bag (bottom seam).

Alternatively or additionally, the packaging machine has at least one connecting device which is set up to produce one or more connecting seams essentially orthogonally to a conveying direction of the packaging material, essentially without a material bond; and a second connecting device and/or a closing device, which are set up to close one or more connecting seams at least partially or completely by means of a material connection or essentially without a material connection, essentially parallel to a conveying direction of the packaging material or orthogonally to the one or more non-material connection seams generate. The packaging machine optionally has a connecting device which is set up to produce a connecting seam essentially parallel to a transport direction of the packaging material, essentially without a material bond or at least partially or completely by means of a material bond.

This configuration is particularly advantageous for a packaging machine which operates according to a so-called horizontal form, fill and seal machine (HFFS) as shown in FIG an open packaging bag (bottom seam) - is exposed to increased stress during the filling process. The connecting seam, which is produced by the second connecting device and/or the closure device for closing the opening of the packaging bag (top seam), can optionally be produced at least partially or essentially completely by means of a material bond.

Alternatively and/or additionally, the connecting device and/or the closing device is set up to produce a connecting seam, which closes an opening of a packaging container, with a material connection, for example by means of cold glue. Such a connecting device comprises, for example, two elements which are pressed against one another with pressure in order to cohesively connect two or more layers of packaging material located between the elements. Alternatively or additionally, the at least partial or complete material connection can also be provided by means of hot glue and/or by melting a solid adhesive component and/or by means of multi-component adhesive and/or by means of another conventional bonding method. Means are preferably provided here in order to press and/or press and/or heat the layers of the packaging container against one another in order to possibly melt one or more adhesive components, ie at least soften or liquefy them. In particular in the case of a packaging bag which has two or more, for example three, essentially non-material connection seams, it is advantageous to open the To close packaging bag essentially cohesively.

A connecting device and/or a closing device is particularly preferably set up to connect two or more, in particular three or four, layers of packaging material by means of a form fit and/or force fit.

The packaging machine according to one aspect of the invention is particularly suitable for producing and sealing a packaging bag from a packaging material which consists at least partially of fibrous material, in particular cellulose, wood pulp and/or paper, in particular waste paper material. As a rule, packaging made of paper and/or cardboard has a high degree of recyclability, since it is made from the renewable raw material wood.

The packaging material preferably has a fiber length of between approximately 1 mm and approximately 5 mm, in particular approximately 2.5 mm. The thickness of the fibers is preferably between about 0.005 mm and about 0.15 mm, in particular between about 0.01 mm and about 0.08 mm.

Preferably, the packaging material 22 from which a packaging bag 20 is made has a thickness of between about 0.05 mm and about 1 mm, more preferably between about 0.1 mm and about 0.3 mm. More preferably, the packaging material 22 has a basis weight between about 10 g/m ² and about 150 g/m ² , more preferably between about 60 g/m ² and about 110 g/m ² .

The packaging material 22, which can be a paper, in particular a packaging paper, particularly preferably comprises one or more of the following parameters and/or properties: a basis weight of about 59 to about 73 g/m ² (in particular according to ISO 536); and or a thickness of about 68 to about 86 µm (specifically ISO 534); and/or a roughness according to PPS of about 3.8 to about 7.2 gm (in particular according to ISO 8791-4); and/or a longitudinal fracture strength of greater than about 35 N/15 mm and/or a transverse fracture strength of greater than about 15 N/15 mm (in particular according to ISO 1924-2); and/or a longitudinal elongation at break of greater than about 1.5% and/or a transverse elongation at break of greater than about 2.0% (in particular according to ISO 1924-2); and/or a Mullen burst pressure of greater than about 86 kPa (particularly per ISO 2758); and/or a longitudinal tear resistance of greater than about 350 mN and/or a transverse tear resistance of greater than about 400 mN (in particular according to ISO 1974); and/or a moisture content of about 6.5-7.5% (in particular according to ISO 287); and/or a water absorption capacity or an absorbency of less than about 33 g/m ² (in particular according to ISO 353/Cobb 60s).

Alternatively and/or additionally, the packaging material preferably comprises one or more of the following properties: consisting primarily of non-recycled fibres; and/or consisting primarily of fresh fiber pulp; and/or consisting of less than 30%, preferably less than 10%, by weight of recycled fibers; and/or comprising fibers from softwood, in particular spruce, pine, fir and/or Douglas fir; and/or comprising fibers from hardwood, in particular beech, birch, poplar and/or eucalyptus; and/or comprising fibers from coniferous wood, in particular spruce, pine, fir and/or Douglas fir, and fibers from hardwood, in particular beech, birch, poplar and/or eucalyptus, the proportion by weight of the fibers from coniferous wood preferably being lower than the proportion by weight of the fibers from hardwood; For example, a weight proportion of fibers from softwood of 10% to 40% and from hardwood of 60% up to 90%.

Likewise, two or more layers of different packaging materials can be joined together to form a packaging bag. In particular, a layer with a relatively low grammage, for example 60 g/m ² , and a layer with a relatively high grammage, for example 70 g/m ² , can be combined to form a packaging bag with advantageous properties, particularly with regard to weight and/or durability.

More preferably, the packaging machine comprises at least one shaping or folding device for shaping and/or folding the packaging material. A shaping or folding device is set up, for example, to shape at least one section and/or part of a packaging material in such a way that two or more, in particular three or four, layers of the packaging material are superimposed.

The at least one shaping or folding device is advantageously set up to shape the packaging material, in particular to fold it at least once, so that at least two layers of the packaging material overlap at least partially. A web of packaging material, for example, is particularly preferably shaped and/or folded or seamed in such a way that a web with packaging material that is doubled at least in some areas is produced, which is then fed to a connecting device and/or a closure device. The resulting fold in the packaging material can serve as an edge or finish on one side of the packaging bag.

More preferably, the packaging machine comprises at least one filling device for filling the packaging bag, in particular for filling the packaging bag with bulk material. The filling device is advantageously arranged after the at least one connecting device in the packaging machine. The at least one filling device is preferably arranged between the at least one connecting device and the at least one closing device. For example, the packaging bag that has been produced and is open or not yet closed is transported or conveyed to the filling device. The filling device can, for example, have one or more of the following devices: an opening device for opening the packaging bag opening; a bag forming device for forming a bag or cavity in the packaging bag; an introduction device for introducing or pouring or pushing one or more objects, in particular bulk goods, into the packaging bag.

More preferably, the packaging machine comprises one or more devices for receiving and transporting one or more packaging bags produced, in particular a rotary machine.

Such a device can in particular be designed and arranged in or on the packaging machine in order to transport or convey one or more packaging bags to a filling device and/or a closing device.

More preferably, the packaging machine comprises at least one separating device for separating part of the packaging material and/or at least one packaging bag, the at least one separating device preferably being arranged: between the feed device and the at least one first connecting device; or between the at least one connecting device and the at least one filling device; or between the at least one filling device and the at least one closing device.

A separating device has, for example, a separating tool for separating or dividing or isolating at least part of a packaging material and/or a packaging bag. Preferably, the parting tool includes a Cutter or blade for cutting the packaging material. Alternatively and/or additionally, the separating device can have one or more perforation tools for perforating the packaging material and/or a detaching device for separating or detaching part of the packaging material or a packaging bag, in particular along a perforation line produced in the packaging material.

In particular, the separating device can be set up to separate and/or cut a packaging material essentially continuously, i.e. essentially without interruption. This can be done, for example, by means of an essentially stationary cutting edge and/or a blade arranged on a rotating roller, the cutting edge or the blade being in essentially continuous contact with the packaging material. Alternatively, the separating device can be set up to separate and/or cut the packaging material intermittently, i.e. temporarily suspended. This can be done, for example, by displaceable blades that are displaced relative to the packaging material and temporarily come into contact with it.

Alternatively and/or additionally, a separating device can be arranged in the packaging machine before the shaping or folding device for separating or isolating part of the packaging material. This is particularly advantageous when two or more, in particular three or four, individual parts or pieces of the packaging material are placed at least partially on top of one another and connected to one another. Alternatively and/or additionally, a separating device can be arranged after the at least one connecting device in order to separate one or more packaging bags that have been produced or to separate or isolate them from the supplied packaging material.

Advantageously, the at least one connecting device and/or the at least one closing device is set up to produce a connecting seam essentially orthogonally to or in the transverse direction of a conveying direction of the packaging material. Alternatively and/or additionally, the at least a connecting device and/or the at least one closure device is set up to produce a connecting seam essentially parallel or in the longitudinal direction of a conveying direction of the packaging material.

A connecting seam describes in particular a relief produced by reshaping or embossing, which preferably has an essentially elongated shape. A connecting seam also describes an area in which two or more layers of a packaging material are connected, in particular by means of a material connection and/or essentially without a material connection.

A connecting device and/or a closing device is particularly advantageous in the case of a substantially continuous supply of a packaging material from a roll or the like to a

connecting device. For example, to get out of a volume of

To produce packaging material individual packaging bags, two or more, in particular three or four, layers of the packaging material can be connected, in particular by creating one or more, in particular two, three or four, connecting seams. Connecting seams can, for example, be designed as a transverse seam, i.e. essentially orthogonal to or in the transverse direction of a transport direction of the packaging material, or as a longitudinal seam, i.e. essentially parallel or in the longitudinal direction of a transport direction of the packaging material. Alternatively and/or additionally, a connecting seam can be formed obliquely, in particular diagonally, to a conveying direction of the packaging material and/or have non-rectilinear sections.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a connecting device and/or a closing device for connecting at least two layers of a packaging material for producing a packaging bag, in particular a packaging bag for bulk goods, comprising: at least one embossing tool with an embossing structure; wherein the connecting device or the closing device is set up to produce a packaging bag and/or to be closed by connecting, in particular mechanical embossing, interlacing and/or knurling of at least two layers of the packaging material; and wherein the packaging material consists at least partially of fibrous material, in particular cellulose, wood pulp and/or paper, in particular waste paper material.

A connecting device and/or a closure device as described above and/or below are particularly suitable for use in a packaging machine according to one aspect of the invention. Alternatively and/or additionally, a connecting device and/or closure device described above and/or below can be arranged in a packaging machine according to one aspect of the invention and/or be part of the packaging machine. A connecting device within the meaning of this invention is preferably set up to produce a packaging bag, in particular by creating one or more connecting seams in a packaging material. A closure device is preferably set up to close a packaging bag that has been produced, in particular after it has been filled. In particular, the closure device is preferably set up to close a last opening of the packaging bag, through which one or more objects were preferably filled into the packaging bag.

A preferred form of mechanical connection includes embossing or interlocking or knurling of at least one of the connection partners, ie the objects to be connected. The connecting device and/or the locking device can in particular have one or more of the features listed below:

Advantageously, the connecting device and/or the closing device is set up to connect the packaging material while the packaging material is being conveyed essentially continuously, in particular without acceleration.

The connecting device and/or a closing device is/are preferably set up to connect a packaging material that is conveyed at a substantially constant speed. This has the particular advantage that no intermittent conveying, i.e. alternating acceleration and deceleration or stopping, of the packaging material is required. In this way, for example, the course of the manufacturing process can be accelerated. Alternatively and/or additionally, a force on the packaging material caused by repeated acceleration and deceleration can be avoided, so that material fatigue is prevented, or at least reduced, and/or less resistant packaging materials can be used.

According to a preferred embodiment, the embossing tool comprises at least one rotatable roller with an embossing structure. This is particularly advantageous for producing a connecting seam by a connecting device or a closure device when the packaging material is conveyed at a substantially constant speed in or through the connection device or closure device. A rotatable roller offers the advantage that it preferably rotates in such a way that the embossing tool has a substantially similar speed and/or direction of movement as the packaging material being conveyed when it comes into contact with the packaging material. Such at least approximate synchronicity between the embossing tool and the way of packaging enables, in particular, production that is gentle on the material a connecting seam, since there are no, or at least reduced, forces on the packaging material in and/or against its direction of transport.

A connecting seam describes in particular a relief produced by reshaping or embossing, which preferably has an essentially elongated shape.

More preferably, the at least one rotatable roller and/or a pair of rollers is mounted essentially stationary. Alternatively, the embossing tool and/or the at least one rotatable roller and/or the pair of rollers can be displaced relative to the packaging material, in particular each can be displaced in an oscillating manner. It can be advantageous that the at least one rotatable roller is designed to be displaceable in order to bring it into contact with the packaging material or to interrupt contact with the packaging material. This is particularly advantageous in order to achieve at least approximately synchronicity between the embossing tool and the packaging material.

The connecting device and/or the closing device is particularly preferably set up to connect the packaging material essentially without a material bond.

A cohesive connection is characterized in particular by the connection of connection partners, for example two or more layers of packaging material, by means of atomic and/or molecular forces. A material connection is achieved, for example, by soldering, welding, gluing and/or vulcanizing. According to aspects of the present invention, packaging material is connected to produce a packaging bag and/or to close a packaging bag, preferably essentially without a material connection. In particular in the case of packaging material comprising fibrous material, such as paper and/or cardboard, it is advantageous not to use adhesive when connecting the packaging material, in order to obtain increased recyclability of the packaging. The connecting device and/or the closing device is preferably set up to connect the packaging material essentially in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting manner.

A form-fitting connection is created in particular by an at least partial interlocking of at least two connection partners, so that loosening of the connection partners is prevented, or at least made more difficult. Examples of a positive connection are: tongue and groove connection, zipper, Velcro, toothing and the like. Optionally, a connecting element, such as a rivet, screw and/or cotter pin, can be arranged with an essentially precise fit in corresponding recesses in two connection partners, so that separation of the connection partners is prevented, or at least made significantly more difficult.

A non-positive connection is characterized in particular by a normal force on the surfaces to be connected with one another, so that mutual displacement is prevented, or at least made significantly more difficult. An example of a non-positive connection is the clamping of two objects or the like.

Alternatively and/or additionally, the connecting device and/or the closing device is set up to produce a connecting seam with a material connection, for example using cold glue, two-component (2K) adhesive, hot-melt adhesive, dispersion adhesive, contact adhesive, polymerization adhesive, pressure-sensitive adhesive or a similar adhesive, in particular with an adhesive , which can be cold bonded, i.e. essentially without heating.

Advantageously, the connecting device and/or the closing device is set up to produce a connecting seam essentially orthogonally to or in the transverse direction of a conveying direction of the packaging material. Alternatively and/or additionally, the at least one connecting device and/or the at least one closure device is configured to To produce connecting seam substantially parallel or in the longitudinal direction of a conveying direction of the packaging material.

The embossing structure of the embossing tool preferably has a plurality of elevations and/or depressions. One or more parameters of the embossed structure, such as distance, thickness, length and/or height or depth of the elevations or depressions, can be modified or selected according to different requirements. In particular, the properties of the embossed structure can be appropriately adapted or matched to different packaging materials and/or the desired resistance of a connecting seam. Some exemplary configurations of particularly advantageous embossed structures are shown in the figures and described below.

The connecting device and/or the closing device preferably comprises a second embossing tool, more preferably a second rotatable roller with an embossing structure. Preferably, the first roller and the second roller are arranged in such a way that at least part of the packaging material is passed between the first roller and the second roller.

The connecting device and/or the closing device advantageously has at least one drive unit, for example a motor, for rotating at least one rotatable roller. This is particularly advantageous for achieving at least approximate synchronicity of the embossing tool and the packaging material being conveyed.

More preferably, the embossed structure of the first roll and the embossed structure of the second roll have substantially complementary or opposite or reciprocal patterns. A particularly advantageous connecting seam can be produced with such a pattern. In particular, a material-damaging stress on the packaging material can be reduced and/or the resistance or durability of the connecting seam can be increased. For example, the embossed structure of the first roller has an indentation at a specific point, with the embossed structure of the second roller having an elevation at a corresponding point, in particular an at least temporarily opposite point. The thickness, length and/or height or depth of the indentation and elevation are preferably designed to be essentially complementary.

More preferably, the first roller and the second roller are arranged such that an elevation of the embossed structure of the first roller at least temporarily opposes a depression of the embossed structure of the second roller and/or is at least partially accommodated by it.

Alternatively and/or additionally, the connecting device and/or the closing device is designed in such a way that one roller of a pair of rollers has a plurality, for example two, embossing structures in order to produce a corresponding number of connecting seams in one process step. In particular, the pair of rollers is designed to produce two adjacent and/or side-by-side connecting seams in the packaging material, with the connecting seams being assigned to different packaging bags.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for producing a packaging bag comprising at least one opening, in particular a packaging bag for bulk goods, and for closing an opening of a filled packaging bag, comprising the steps: shaping and/or folding a packaging material, in particular folding or folding the packaging material; Production of the packaging bag by producing at least two connecting seams by respective connection, in particular mechanical embossing, interlocking and/or knurling, of at least two layers of the packaging material; and closing an opening of the manufactured and filled packaging bag; wherein the packaging material consists at least partially of fibrous material, in particular cellulose, wood pulp and/or paper, in particular waste paper material. A supplied packaging material is preferably folded at least once or shaped in such a way that at least two sections of the packaging material lie opposite and/or against one another. Alternatively and/or additionally, two layers of the packaging material can be placed one on top of the other, at least partially overlapping.

More preferably, to produce the packaging bag, two or more, in particular three or four, connecting seams are produced, preferably by essentially non-materially bonded, in particular form-fitting and/or force-fitting, mechanical connection.

A preferred form of mechanical connection includes embossing or interlocking or knurling of at least one of the connection partners, i.e. the objects to be connected.

At least two connecting seams are advantageously arranged essentially orthogonally to one another. Alternatively and/or additionally, at least two connecting seams are arranged essentially parallel to one another.

The method further preferably comprises one or more of the following steps: supplying the packaging material; and/or producing at least one connecting seam essentially without a material connection; and/or closing the packaging bag by creating at least one connecting seam, which is arranged parallel and/or orthogonal to at least one connecting seam for producing the packaging bag; and/or essentially continuous, in particular acceleration-free, conveying of the packaging material while at least one connecting seam is being produced; and/or filling the packaging bag, in particular filling the packaging bag with bulk material; and/or separating part of the packaging material; and/or producing at least one connecting seam essentially orthogonal to a conveying direction of the packaging material; and/or producing at least one connecting seam essentially parallel to a conveying direction of the packaging material.

A connecting seam describes in particular a relief produced, for example, by reshaping or embossing on a surface of an object, for example a packaging material, which preferably has an essentially elongate shape. A connecting seam can also describe an area of at least two connected layers of packaging material by means of a material connection, in particular using cold glue, two-component (2K) adhesive, hot-melt adhesive, dispersion adhesive, contact adhesive, polymerization adhesive, pressure-sensitive adhesive or a similar adhesive, in particular with an adhesive which can be cold-bonded , i.e. essentially without heating.

Exemplary methods for manufacturing and sealing a packaging bag are shown and described in the figures.

A further aspect of the present invention relates to a closed packaging bag, in particular a packaging bag filled with bulk goods, comprising: at least two connecting seams which are arranged essentially parallel at least in regions and which connect at least two layers of a packaging material of the packaging bag; and at least one connecting seam, at least in regions essentially orthogonal to the at least two connecting seams arranged in parallel; where that Packaging material consists at least partially of fibrous material, in particular cellulose, wood pulp and/or paper, in particular waste paper material.

The packaging bag can in particular be produced and/or closed using the method described. A packaging bag within the meaning of the present application describes in particular a hollow, thin-walled object which is suitable for receiving one or more other objects.

The at least one, in particular two, three or four connecting seams preferably connect the packaging material of the packaging bag essentially without a material bond, in particular without adhesive. More preferably, the at least one, in particular two, three or four, connecting seams connect the packaging material of the packaging bag essentially by means of a form fit and/or force fit. Alternatively and/or additionally, the packaging bag has at least one, in particular two, connecting seams, which connect the packaging material of the packaging bag essentially in a materially bonded manner. A cohesive connection can be made in particular by means of cold glue, (cold) glue, hot-seal glue and/or similar glues.

The packaging bag advantageously has one or more, for example two, fold lines, preferably orthogonal to at least two connecting seams arranged in parallel. Such a fold line can in particular form an edge or a closure along one side of the packaging bag.

The packaging bag preferably has two pairs of connecting seams arranged essentially in parallel, the pairs of connecting seams being arranged essentially orthogonally to one another. A packaging bag with corresponding connecting seams is particularly advantageous if the packaging bag is to be of essentially identical design at the edges and/or is to have essentially identical properties, such as tear resistance. A packaging bag advantageously has: at least one first connecting seam which connects the packaging material essentially without a material bond; a second connection seam which connects the packaging material by means of a material connection, the first connection seam and the second connection seam being arranged essentially orthogonally to one another; wherein the packaging bag preferably has a third connection seam, which connects the packaging material by means of a material connection, is arranged essentially parallel to the second connection seam and, more preferably, closes an opening of the packaging bag produced. Such a packaging bag is particularly advantageous in a VFFS process (see, for example, Figure 8). The packaging bag optionally has a fourth connecting seam parallel to the first connecting seam, the fourth connecting seam connecting the packaging material essentially without a material bond or essentially with a material bond.

A further advantageous embodiment of a packaging bag has: at least one first connecting seam which connects the packaging material essentially without a material bond; a second connecting seam which connects the packaging material essentially without a material bond, the first connecting seam and the second connecting seam being arranged essentially parallel to one another; wherein the packaging bag preferably has a third connection seam, which connects the packaging material essentially in a materially bonded manner and is arranged essentially orthogonally to the first connection seam and the second connection seam. Such a packaging bag is particularly advantageous in an HFFS process (see, for example, FIG. 1). The packaging bag optionally has a fourth connecting seam parallel to the third connecting seam, the fourth connecting seam connecting the packaging material essentially without a material bond or essentially with a material bond.

Packaging bag, which in particular with a packaging machine, a Connecting device, a closure device and/or a method that can be produced according to aspects of the present invention can have a large number of different shapes and properties. Depending on the filling, intended use and/or other requirements, these can be configured differently. Examples of packaging bags are shown in the figures and described below.

In the following, individual embodiments for solving the problem are described by way of example with reference to the figures. Some of the individual embodiments described have features that are not absolutely necessary to implement the claimed subject matter, but which provide desired properties in certain applications. Thus, embodiments that do not have all the features of the embodiments described below are also to be regarded as being disclosed as falling under the technical teaching described. Furthermore, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, certain features are only mentioned in relation to individual embodiments described below. It is pointed out that the individual embodiments should therefore not only be considered individually, but should also be viewed as a whole. Based on this synopsis, the person skilled in the art will recognize that individual embodiments can also be modified by incorporating individual or multiple features of other embodiments. It is pointed out that a systematic combination of the individual embodiments with individual or multiple features that are described in relation to other embodiments can be desirable and useful and should therefore be considered and should also be regarded as covered by the description.

Brief description of the drawings

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary packaging machine for producing, filling and sealing a packaging bag; FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a connecting device for producing a packaging bag;

FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary connecting device;

FIG. 4 shows a section of the exemplary connecting device from FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 shows an alternative exemplary embodiment of a connecting device for producing or a closing device for closing a packaging bag;

FIG. 6 shows the connecting device or closure device of FIG. 5 and a packaging material with a connecting seam;

FIG. 7a shows an exemplary connection seam in a packaging material;

FIG. 7b shows an exemplary packaging bag with a plurality of connecting seams;

Figure 7c shows the filled packaging bag of Figure 7b with a corner cut off;

FIG. 8 shows another exemplary packaging machine for producing, filling and sealing a packaging bag.

Detailed description of the drawings

Two types of packaging machines are particularly prevalent in the packaging industry: horizontal form fill and seal machines (HFFS) and verticals Vertical form fill and seal machine (VFFS). These packaging machines or packaging methods differ in particular with regard to an essential conveying direction of the packaging material or the packaging bag. In an HFFS process, the packaging material and/or packaging bags are conveyed in a substantially horizontal direction. In a VFFS process, the packaging material and/or the packaging bags are conveyed in a substantially vertical direction. The packaging machine, connection device, closure device and method according to aspects of the present invention are particularly suitable for HFFS and/or VFFS applications. The figures show exemplary embodiments of one or more aspects of the invention, with at least some of the examples shown being suitable for both HFFS and VFFS applications. However, the exemplary embodiments are not limited to the mentioned HFFS and VFFS methods.

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary packaging machine 1 in an HFFS design. The packaging machine 1 comprises a roll of packaging material 22 for producing packaging bags 20. The packaging material 22 is fed to the packaging machine 1 by a feed device 2 in a substantially horizontal conveying direction 16. In the embodiment shown, the feed device 2 comprises a pair of driven rollers or cylinders which transport or convey the packaging material 22 . As shown in FIG. 1, the packaging machine 1 also has a shaping or folding device 4 for (re)shaping and/or folding the packaging material 22 . In the example shown, the folding device 4 is arranged to fold the packaging material 22 substantially in half to form a doubled band (comprising two layers) of the packaging material 22 with a fold 26 along one side. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the feeding device 2 is arranged after the forming or folding device 4 . Alternatively and/or additionally, the feed device 2 can be arranged in front of the shaping or folding device 4 . Furthermore, the packaging machine 1 can have one or more additional feeding devices 4 and/or forming or folding devices, which can be arranged at different points in the packaging machine 1.

As an alternative to the example shown, the packaging material 22 can be stored in the form of individual pieces or sheets. In such an example, the feed device 2 and/or the shaping or folding device 4 are preferably configured in such a way that two or more, in particular three or four, pieces or sheets of the packaging material 22 are arranged and/or conveyed at least partially overlapping or lying one on top of the other will.

The packaging machine 1 shown in Figure 1 also includes one or more, for example two, connecting devices 30 for connecting two or more, in particular three or four, layers of packaging material 22. Preferably, at least one of the connecting devices 30 is set up, at least one, in particular two or three, connecting seams 24 in or on at least a part of the packaging material 22 to produce. Exemplary configurations of a connecting device 30 are shown in FIGS. 2 to 6 and described in detail below.

The one or more connecting devices 30 are preferably arranged after a shaping or folding device 4 in the conveying direction 16 of the packaging material 22 . Alternatively and/or additionally, at least one connecting device 30 can be arranged in front of a shaping or folding device 4 . A connecting device 30 can in particular be set up to produce a connecting seam 24 essentially orthogonally or transversely to the conveying direction 16 of the packaging material 22 . Alternatively and/or additionally, a connecting device can be set up to produce a connecting seam 24 essentially parallel or longitudinal to the transport direction 16 of the packaging material 22 .

In the exemplary packaging machine 1 shown in Figure 1, the two Connecting devices 30 designed in such a way to produce packaging bags 20 by generating a respective connecting seam 24 orthogonally or perpendicularly to the conveying direction 16 and/or the formed fold 26 of the packaging material 22. In the packaging machine 1 shown, a plurality of packaging bags 20 are placed on the Tape made of packaging material 22. Each packaging bag 20 is preferably formed by two adjacent or adjacent connecting seams 24 and the portion of the packaging material 22 located between them (see also Figure 2). The packaging bags 20 also have an opening on the side opposite the fold 26 .

The packaging machine 1 of Figure 1 comprises one or more, e.g. two, separating devices 6 for separating or (separating) separating or isolating one or more packaging bags 20 from the strip of packaging material 22. In the example shown, the separating device 6 comprises two separating tools, for example a knife or a blade or cutting edge, which are set up to cut or sever at least part of the packaging material 22 . In the exemplary embodiment of the packaging machine 1 shown, the separating device 6 is set up to separate a region of the packaging material 22 that forms a packaging bag 20 .

According to an alternative embodiment, a packaging machine 1 can have a plurality, for example two, separating devices 6 which are preferably not arranged directly adjacent in the packaging machine. For example, a first separating device 6 can separate the packaging material 20 in such a way that the separated section has two or more connected packaging bags 20 . The separated section can be conveyed to devices for filling and/or sealing and, optionally, subsequently fed to a second separation device 6, which separates at least one packaging bag 20 from the previously separated bag Section separates, a separating device 6 can alternatively and/or additionally be arranged in front of a shaping or folding device 4 .

In the present exemplary embodiment, the packaging machine 1 comprises a rotary machine 10 for receiving and/or transporting or conveying one or more packaging bags 20 and/or individual sections of the packaging material 22. The rotary machine 10 is preferably set up to carry one or more packaging bags 20 and/or or feed isolated sections of the packaging material 22 essentially continuously or intermittently to one or more stations or devices of the packaging machine 1, in particular a filling device 8 of the packaging machine 1 for filling the packaging bag 20, preferably with bulk material. The filling device 8 advantageously has an opening device and/or or bag forming device 12 for opening the opening of the packaging bag 20 and/or forming the packaging bag 20, in particular by forming a substantially bulbous bag, on - in preparation for the filling of the packaging bag 20. An o The several, e.g. two, three or four, infeed devices 14 are set up to fill the packaging bag 20 with one or more objects, in particular with bulk goods.

As shown in FIG. 1, the rotary machine 10 is preferably set up to transport or convey the packaging bags 20 along an essentially circular path to one or more stations or devices of the packaging machine 1 , in particular the filling device 8 . Preferably, the packaging bags 20 can temporarily remain substantially stationary with one or more of the devices in FIG.

The packaging machine 1 also has one or more, in particular 2 or 3, closure devices 40 for closing one or more, for example two, packaging bags 20 . In the present example, two filled packaging bags 20 are fed to a closure device 40 and closed by it. A closure device 40 is preferably set up, the opening of a packaging bag 20, in particular by connecting a packaging material 22 forming the opening. The closure device 40 preferably comprises one or more embossing tools 32 for producing at least one connecting seam 24 for closing the opening of the packaging bag 20. The closure device 30 can be essentially stationary or opposite the be designed to be displaceable in one or more packaging bags. A closure device 40 which can be displaced essentially parallel to or along that side of the packaging bag 20 which encompasses the opening is particularly advantageous. Exemplary designs of a closure device are shown in FIGS. 2 to 6 and described in detail below. Alternatively and/or additionally, the closure device 40 can be set up to apply an adhesive to close the opening. Closing the opening by means of cold glue or a similar cold-bonding adhesive is particularly advantageous here.

The packaging bag 20 that has been produced, filled and closed is then fed out of the packaging machine 1 . Furthermore, the packaging machine 1 optionally has one or more control devices 18 for controlling or inspecting, in particular the packaging material 22 and/or a connecting seam 24 . The conveying or feeding of the packaging material 22 and/or the packaging bag 20 can in particular take place essentially intermittently or continuously. In particular, the conveying in the individual stations or sections of the packaging machine 1 can vary. As shown in the example in Figure 1, the packaging material 22 is preferably transported or conveyed at least as far as a separating device 6 essentially continuously, i.e. at an essentially constant speed, in particular without acceleration.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary connecting device 30, in particular for use in or as part of a packaging machine 1 according to one aspect of the invention. The connecting device 30 is set up to connect two or more, in particular 3 or 4, layers of a packaging material 22, to connect in particular mechanically.

A preferred form of mechanical connection includes embossing and/or interlocking and/or knurling of at least one of the connection partners, i.e. the objects to be connected.

The connecting device 30 according to a preferred embodiment comprises at least one embossing tool 32 with one or more, e.g. two, embossing structures 34. The embossing tool 32 is designed, for example, as a rotatable roller 36, which has an embossing structure 34 on its outer circumference. The roller 36 is preferably arranged in such a way that its axis of rotation is aligned essentially orthogonally or perpendicularly to a conveying direction 16 of the packaging material 22 and essentially parallel to a surface of the packaging material 22 . The connecting device 30 is preferably designed in such a way that the packaging material 22 can be guided or passed at least partially through it.

In the preferred embodiment of the connecting device 30 shown, the rotatable roller 36 in particular can be rotated in such a way that the embossing structure 34 present on the outer circumference of the roller 36 has essentially, but at least approximately, the same speed when it comes into contact with the conveyed packaging material 22 one this. Such at least approximate synchronicity between embossed structure 34 and packaging material 22 can, in particular, result in an improved connecting seam 24 generated and / or damage to the packaging material 22 is prevented, or at least reduced.

In order to achieve or improve at least approximate synchronicity, a sensor, for example a rotary encoder, can preferably be provided in order to detect the speed of the packaging material 22 and to control and/or regulate the rotational speed of the roller 36 accordingly.

The connecting device 30 in FIG. 2 is preferably designed to produce a connecting seam 24 essentially orthogonally or perpendicularly or transversely to a conveying direction 16 of the packaging material 22 . Alternatively and/or additionally, the roller 36 of the connecting device 30 can have an embossed structure 34 for producing a connecting seam 24 essentially parallel to or along the conveying direction 16 of the packaging material 22 .

The connecting device 30 of Figure 2 is set up in particular to produce a packaging bag 20, with a packaging bag 20 being formed in the present example by two substantially parallel connecting seams 24 and a fold or fold 26, which is formed by shaping or folding the packaging material 22 arises (not shown). The connecting seams 24 arranged in parallel can have been produced by the same embossing structure 34 of an embossing tool 32 , by different embossing structures 34 of the same embossing tool 32 or by different embossing structures of different embossing tools 32 . An imaginary dividing line 28 divides sections or areas of the packaging material 22 which each have a packaging bag 20 . In the further process for separating one or more packaging bags 20 , the packaging material 22 is preferably separated or cut along the separating line 28 . Alternatively, a connecting seam 24 can preferably be separated or divided or cut in the middle, so that part of a connecting seam 24 is part of one packaging bag 20 and the other part of the same connecting seam 24 is part of another packaging bag 20 . Optionally, the embossing tool 32 can be designed or arranged in such a way that at least part of the packaging material 22 runs through the connecting device 30 essentially unchanged, in particular without being connected or having a connecting seam 24 . In the example of FIG. 2, the packaging material 22 is not connected on a side opposite the fold or fold 26 .

In further configurations, at least part of the connecting device 30 can alternatively and/or additionally be displaceable with respect to the packaging material 22 . For example, the embossing tool 32 can be oscillatingly displaced in order to be temporarily brought into contact with the packaging material 22 . Such a configuration enables improved synchronicity between the embossing structure 34 and the conveyed packaging material 22.

It should be noted that at least some of the described features of the connection device 30 shown can also be comprised by a closure device 40 for closing a packaging bag 20 .

FIGS. 3 and 4 show an exemplary preferred embodiment of a connecting device 30 for connecting at least two layers of packaging material, in particular without a material bond, the connecting device being suitable in particular for use in a packaging machine 1 according to one aspect of the invention. The connecting device 30 shown comprises two embossing tools 32 which are designed as rotatable rollers 36 . Each of the rollers 36 preferably has an embossed structure 34 which is arranged essentially parallel to the respective axis of rotation on the outer circumference of the roller 36 . In this example, the axes of rotation of the rollers 36 are aligned essentially parallel. Alternatively, the axes of rotation can have different orientations.

In particular, the rollers 36 of the connecting device 30 are arranged in this way and positioned so that a strap and/or sheet of packaging material 22 can be passed between the rollers 36. Preferably, the length of the rollers 36 is greater than the width of the packaging material 22. In alternative embodiments, only a portion of the width of the packaging material 22 may pass between the rollers 36. In the example shown, the packaging material is doubled, ie it was folded, so that the strip of packaging material 22 is formed at least partially in two layers. The strip of packaging material 22 has a fold or fold 26 .

The connecting device 30 preferably also includes at least one drive unit 38, in particular a motor, for driving or rotating at least one roller 36. The example shown advantageously has a gear which connects the motor 38 to the two rollers 36 and makes them synchronous or identical drives. This is particularly advantageous since in this way a deviation in the rotation of the rollers 36 can be prevented, or at least reduced.

More preferably, the connecting device 30 is set up to press the two rollers 36, which are essentially stationary during operation, against one another. For example, by introducing a force onto one roller 36 in the direction of the other roller 36, a pressure can be formed. A packaging material passed between the rollers is exposed to this pressure at least in certain areas and/or temporarily.

When creating a connecting seam, a pressure of between approximately 10 bar and approximately 200 bar, more preferably between approximately 40 bar and 100 bar, is preferably applied. A contact pressure of between approximately 10 kN and approximately 50 kN, more preferably between approximately 17.5 kN and approximately 32 kN, is preferably generated.

The connecting device 30 of the embodiment shown is set up, in particular essentially essentially without acceleration or with a constant Speed of connecting packaging material 22 being conveyed. In this embodiment, it is particularly advantageous to rotate the rollers 36 in such a way that the embossed structure 34 and the packaging material 22 have a substantially, but at least approximately, identical speed when they touch or come into contact with one another. In this way, tearing and/or damage to the packaging material 22 can advantageously be prevented, or at least reduced.

As shown in FIG. 4, the rollers 36 have an embossed structure 34 in the longitudinal direction. This enables a connecting seam 24 to be produced, which is aligned essentially transversely or perpendicularly or orthogonally to the conveying direction 16 of the packaging material 22 . Alternatively and/or additionally, at least one of the rollers 36 can have an embossed structure 34 in any orientation, in particular in the circumferential direction of the roller 36 . Such an embossed structure 34 is particularly suitable for producing a connecting seam 24 essentially parallel to or in the conveying direction 16 of the packaging material 22 .

The embossing structures 34 of the two rollers 36 advantageously have essentially complementary or opposite or reciprocal patterns. For example, the embossed structure 34 of one roller 36 consists of a pattern with the sequence: indentation, elevation, indentation, elevation, indentation. Preferably, the embossing structure 34 of the other roller 36 consists of a complementary pattern with the sequence: elevation, depression, elevation, depression, elevation. More preferably, the two rollers 36 are arranged and aligned in such a way that, when the rollers 36 or the embossed structures 36 are opposite or come into contact, the position of a depression in one embossed structure 34 essentially corresponds to the position of an elevation in the other embossed structure 34 and vice versa. In other words, the embossed structures 34 of the rollers are preferably designed in such a way that they mesh at least temporarily—similar to coupled gears. In this way, an advantageous connection seam 24 that is particularly gentle on the material and/or a connection seam 24 with increased durability or Strength to be generated in a bonding material 22.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the connecting device is arranged in a substantially stationary manner. In an alternative embodiment, the connecting device 30 can be displaceable, in particular in relation to the packaging material 22 and, preferably, parallel to the transport direction 16 of the packaging material 22.

One or more rollers of an exemplary connecting device as shown in Figures 3 and 4 advantageously have a length of about 100 mm to about 500 mm, preferably from about 350 mm to about 400 mm, and a diameter of about 100 mm to about 250 mm. preferably from about 140 mm to about 160 mm.

In order to produce connecting seams 24 as shown in FIG. 2, the rollers 36 can have a plurality of embossed structures 34, the embossed structures 34 being arranged unevenly, for example not symmetrically, on the roller surface. In this way, the distances between the connecting seams 24 produced by the same connecting device 30 on the packaging material 20 can vary according to the arrangement of the embossing structures 34, with the conveying speed and/or rotational speed of the rollers 36 remaining the same. This advantageous embodiment saves in particular a second connecting device 30 and/or a another pair of rollers. Alternatively, a connecting seam 24 can be divided by a separating device 6, preferably approximately in the middle and in its longitudinal direction, so that part of a connecting seam 24 carries the packaging material 20 along one side of a first packaging bag 20 and another part of the connecting seam 24 carries the packaging material 20 along a side Page of another packaging bag 20 connects.

Figures 5 and 6 show an exemplary embodiment of a connecting device 30 and / or a closure device 40. The device shown is particularly suitable, both a connecting seam 24 to Manufacturing a packaging bag 20 as well as a seam 24 for closing a packaging bag 20, in particular in a packaging machine 1 according to an aspect of the present invention.

The connecting device 30 and/or closure device 40 preferably has two embossing tools 32, in particular in the form of two rollers 36. The rollers 36 each have an embossing structure 34, preferably in an area close to one end of the roller in the axial direction. The embossing structure 34 is provided along at least part of the circumference of the roller. The embossed structure is preferably provided over the entire circumference of the roller.

The connecting device 30 and/or closing device 40 shown is set up in particular to produce a connecting seam 24 in a region of a packaging material 22 near the edge.

In order to produce a connecting seam 24, the connecting device 30 or closure device 40 can be displaced, for example, along an edge or an edge of a substantially stationary packaging material 22. Such a configuration is particularly advantageous for closing a filled packaging bag 20, since a corresponding displacement of the closure device 40 can be implemented in a simple manner when the packaging bag 20 is essentially stationary. With such an embodiment, coordinated rotation of the rollers 36 is particularly advantageous. The rollers 36 are preferably driven or rotated in such a way that the speed of the area of the embossing structure 34 which is in contact with the packaging material 22 has an essentially identical speed as the displacement of the connecting device 30 or closing device 40, but in essentially in the opposite direction, ie opposite to the displacement direction of the connecting device 30 or closure device 40. In this way, an advantageous connecting seam 24 that is particularly gentle on the material and/or a connecting seam 24 with increased durability or strength can be produced in a connecting material 22. As an alternative to this, at least a portion of a packaging material 22 and/or a preferably filled packaging bag 20 can be displaced relative to the connecting device 30 or closure device 40, as shown in FIG. 6, for example. This is particularly advantageous when manufacturing a packaging bag 20 from an intermittently and/or continuously supplied packaging material 22.

Alternatively, the connecting device 30 and/or the closing device 40 can comprise a roller 36 with an embossed structure 34 and an adjacent plate, with the packaging material 22 being passed between the roller and the plate. As an alternative to this, the connecting device 30 and/or closure device 40 can be moved or driven over the packaging material 22 .

Alternatively and/or additionally, the connecting device 30 and/or the closing device 40 is set up to connect three layers of a packaging material 22, with the third layer preferably being formed by shaping, in particular folding and/or bending, the first or the second layer of the packaging material.

Similar to what is described in relation to FIGS. 3 and 4, the two rollers 36 have embossing structures 34 with preferably complementary or interlocking or toothed patterns in order to produce an improved connecting seam 24.

Alternatively and/or additionally, a connecting device 30 and/or closing device 40, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, can be set up or arranged in such a way as to produce a connecting seam 24 in a lower area of the supplied packaging material 20 - essentially without a material bond or at least partially by bonding. Such a bottom seam is particularly advantageous in an HFFS process in which the packaging bag 20 does not have a fold in the packaging material 20 at the lower end having.

Figures 7a, 7b and 7c show exemplary connecting seams 24 and exemplary packaging bags 20 according to an aspect of the invention.

FIG. 7a shows a packaging material 22 or a section of a packaging bag 20 with a connecting seam 24 which has a relief comprising adjacent elevations and depressions. This preferred configuration of a connecting seam 24 has elevations and depressions arranged essentially in parallel, the elevations and depressions being aligned essentially orthogonally or perpendicularly to a direction in which the connecting seam 24 extends (from left to right). The connecting seam 24 is preferably produced without a material bond by mechanical connecting, in particular embossing, interlocking and/or knurling, for example with a connecting device 30 and/or a closure device 40 according to one aspect of the invention.

Alternatively and/or additionally, a connecting seam 24 can be formed essentially uniformly, i.e. in a continuously repeating pattern, and/or varied. Alternatively and/or additionally, a connecting seam 24 can have a relief with elevations and/or depressions, which are at least partially aligned in the longitudinal direction or parallel to an essential direction of extension of the connecting seam 24 . Alternatively and/or additionally, a connecting seam can comprise elevations and/or depressions of any shape, in particular essentially circular, wavy, jagged and/or curved ones.

The elevations and/or depressions are particularly preferably arranged essentially orthogonally or perpendicularly to an essential alignment or orientation of fibers of the packaging material. In particular, an angle between the elevations and/or depressions and a substantial orientation of the fibers is preferably greater than about 20°, more preferably greater than about 45°. In this way, an advantageous durability or Resilience of a joint seam 24 can be achieved since fibers of two or more elevations and/or depressions are connected.

FIG. 7b shows a section of a substantially rectangular packaging bag 20 made of packaging material 22 according to an exemplary embodiment. Shown are three connecting seams 24 which have an essentially identical relief. Two of the connecting seams 24 are essentially parallel and essentially orthogonal or perpendicular to the third connecting seam 24 .

The connecting seams 24 are preferably produced without a material bond by mechanical joining, in particular embossing, interlocking and/or knurling, for example with a connecting device 30 and/or a closure device 40 according to one aspect of the invention.

In the exemplary packaging bag 20 shown, it is particularly advantageous for the fibers of the packaging material 22 to be aligned and/or oriented neither parallel nor perpendicular, preferably at an angle of approximately 45°, to the connecting seams 24, since this ensures a substantially uniform stability of the fibers in different directions running connecting seams 24 can be achieved.

In alternative embodiments of a packaging bag 20, one or more packaging seams 24 can be configured differently, at least in part, or have different reliefs. Alternatively and/or additionally, one or more connecting seams 24 can be arranged at any angle, e.g. 45°. Alternatively and/or additionally, a packaging bag 24 can have an essentially round or rounded contour at least in regions, with the packaging bag 20 preferably having a correspondingly designed or running connecting seam 24 .

According to a preferred embodiment, the third (from right to left running) connecting seam in the example shown alternatively and/or additionally have elevations and/or depressions, which are aligned in accordance with the elevations and/or depressions of the connecting seams arranged in parallel. This is particularly advantageous if the fibers of the packaging material 22 are oriented or run essentially from top to bottom, i.e. essentially parallel to the connecting seams 24 arranged in parallel.

A packaging bag 20 can alternatively and/or additionally have one or more connecting seams 24, which were produced by means of a material connection. In particular, a packaging bag 20 can have a first connecting seam 24 that is essentially free of material bonding, with this first connecting seam 24 connecting at least two superimposed and/or overlapping layers of a packaging material 22 and, preferably, corresponding to a side fold of a tubular bag. Such a packaging bag 20 advantageously has a second connection seam 24 and a third connection seam 24 which are arranged essentially parallel to one another and essentially orthogonally to the first connection seam 24 and, more preferably, at opposite ends of a closed packaging bag 20 . The second connecting seam 24 and the third connecting seam 24 are preferably essentially free of material bonding. Alternatively, at least one of the second and third connecting seams 24 can be produced at least in some areas by means of a material connection or can connect at least two layers of the connection material 22 by means of a material connection. Such a packaging bag 20 is particularly advantageous in a VFFS process, as shown in FIG. In an HFFS method, as shown in Figure 1, a packaging bag 20 with two non-material connecting seams 24, which are arranged orthogonally to a conveying direction 16 of the packaging material 20 and preferably define two sides of the packaging bag 20, is particularly advantageous. Such a packaging bag 20 also has one, preferably two, materially bonded connecting seams 24 which form a top seam and/or a bottom seam of the packaging bag 20 . The top seam corresponds to that connecting seam 24 which closes a last opening of the packaging bag 20 through which it was filled. A bottom seam corresponds in particular to a connecting seam 24 in a lower area of the packaging bag 20 and preferably defines a lower end of the cavity of the packaging bag 20. In particular, such a bottom seam is subjected to increased stress during the filling process of the packaging bag 20, so that it should advantageously have increased strength, for example by means of a connecting seam 24 with a material connection and, optionally, a non-positive and/or positive connection.

FIG. 7c shows a filled packaging bag 20 with an essentially square shape, with one corner cut off. The packaging bag 20 shown contains hardware, in particular at least one nut and at least one washer. A packaging bag 20 is designed to alternatively and/or additionally contain one or more other objects, in particular bulk goods. In particular, the packaging bag 20 can have three connection seams 24 without a material connection and one connection seam 24 which was produced with a material connection. The connecting seam 24 produced with a material connection preferably closes a last opening of the packaging bag 20 through which the latter was filled.

A packaging machine 1 according to one aspect of the invention is particularly suitable or set up to produce and/or to close a packaging bag 20 as shown in FIG. 7b or 7c.

In particular, packaging material 22 can have different strengths or thicknesses and/or form a packaging bag 20 with a different basis weight.

An exemplary packaging material 22 suitable for use in a packaging machine 1, for use in a connecting device 30, for a method for manufacturing a packaging bag 20 and/or for a packaging bag 20 according to aspects of the invention preferably has one or more of the following parameters and/or properties: a basis weight of about 59 to about 73 g/m ² (in particular according to ISO 536); and/or a thickness of about 68 to about 86 µm (particularly according to ISO 534); and/or a roughness according to PPS of about 3.8 to about 7.2 μm (in particular according to ISO 8791-4); and/or a longitudinal fracture strength of greater than about 35 N/15 mm and/or a transverse fracture strength of greater than about 15 N/15 mm (in particular according to ISO 1924-2); and/or a longitudinal elongation at break of greater than about 1.5% and/or a transverse elongation at break of greater than about 2.0% (in particular according to ISO 1924-2); and/or a Mullen burst pressure of greater than about 86 kPa (particularly per ISO 2758); and/or a longitudinal tear resistance of greater than about 350 mN and/or a transverse tear resistance of greater than about 400 mN (in particular according to ISO 1974); and/or a moisture content of about 6.5-7.5% (in particular according to ISO 287); and/or a water absorption capacity or an absorbency of less than about 33 g/m ² (in particular according to ISO 353/Cobb 60s).

A first exemplary and suitable packaging material 22 comprises essentially uncoated paper and: a basis weight of about 59 to about 65 ^gsm ; and/or a thickness of from about 68 to about 75 µm; and/or a PPS roughness of from about 3.8 to about 4.2 µm; and or a longitudinal fracture strength of greater than about 35 N/15 mm and/or a transverse fracture strength of greater than about 15 N/15 mm (in particular according to ISO 1924-2); and/or a longitudinal elongation at break greater than about 1.5% and/or a transverse elongation at break greater than about 2.0%; and/or a Mullen burst pressure greater than about 86 kPa; and/or a longitudinal tear resistance of greater than about 380 mN and/or a transverse tear resistance of greater than about 430 mN; and/or a moisture content of about 6.8-7.2%; and/or a water absorbency of less than about 33 g/m ² .

A second exemplary and also suitable packaging material 22 comprises essentially uncoated paper and: a basis weight of about 67 to about 73 ^gsm ; and/or a thickness of from about 76 to about 86 µm; and/or a PPS roughness of from about 3.8 to about 7.2 µm; and/or a longitudinal fracture strength of greater than about 38 N/15 mm and/or a transverse fracture strength of greater than about 16 N/15 mm; and/or a longitudinal elongation at break greater than about 1.8% and/or a transverse elongation at break greater than about 2.1%; and/or a Mullen burst pressure greater than about 95 kPa; and/or a longitudinal tear resistance of greater than about 400 mN and/or a transverse tear resistance of greater than about 450 mN; and/or a moisture content of about 6.5-7.5%; and/or a water absorbency of less than about 33 g/m ² .

Alternatively and/or additionally, the packaging material may preferably comprise one or more of the following properties: consisting primarily of non-recycled fibres; and/or consisting primarily of fresh fiber pulp; and or consisting of less than 30%, preferably less than 10%, by weight of recycled fibers; and/or comprising fibers from softwood, in particular spruce, pine, fir and/or Douglas fir; and/or comprising fibers from hardwood, in particular beech, birch, poplar and/or eucalyptus; and/or comprising fibers from coniferous wood, in particular spruce, pine, fir and/or Douglas fir, and fibers from hardwood, in particular beech, birch, poplar and/or eucalyptus, the proportion by weight of the fibers from coniferous wood preferably being lower than the proportion by weight of the fibers from hardwood; for example, a weight proportion of fibers from softwood from 10% to 40% and from hardwood from 60% to 90%.

The parameters and/or properties of a packaging material 22 mentioned are only listed as examples and describe packaging materials 22 that are particularly suitable for the invention, in particular with regard to their tear strength and/or durability and/or processability and/or rigidity. However, packaging materials 22 with at least partially different parameters and/or properties are also suitable for the invention. In particular, the packaging material 22 can be selected accordingly, for example depending on the requirements of the packaging bag 20 and/or the manufacturing method and/or the connecting device 30 and/or the packaging machine 1.

FIG. 8 shows an exemplary packaging machine 1 in a VFFS design, which is set up in particular to produce so-called tubular bag packaging. The packaging machine 1 shown comprises a feed device 2 which is set up to feed in a packaging material 22, in particular from a roll. That is preferred

Packaging material 22 supplied intermittently. Alternatively it can

Packaging material 22 are fed substantially continuously. One or more feed devices are optional, for example comprising Friction belts provided for conveying the packaging material 22. The packaging machine 1 has an essentially funnel-shaped filling device 8 . The packaging material 22 is formed by a folding device 4 of the packaging machine 1 . In the present example, the shaping or folding device 4 comprises a tube which is arranged following the filling device 8 . The packaging material 22 is preferably formed or guided around the tube in such a way that at least part of the edges of the packaging material 22 face one another and/or abut one another or overlap one another. The packaging material 22 shaped in this way is conveyed or transported in the direction of at least one connecting device 30 . The at least one connecting device 30 is preferably set up and arranged in order to connect the overlapping region of the packaging material 22.

The at least one connecting device 30 is preferably configured in accordance with the connecting devices 30 or locking devices 40 shown in FIGS. In particular, the connecting device 30 preferably has at least one, in particular two, rotatable rollers 36 each having an embossed structure 34 . The connecting device 30 is preferably set up, a connecting seam 24 in the longitudinal direction or parallel to the transport direction 16 of the packaging material, the connecting seam 24 corresponding to a side fold of the tubular bag packaging.

The packaging material 22 is preferably conveyed further to a device which preferably comprises a connecting device 30 , a closure device 40 and a separating device 6 . In this way, a first open packaging bag or one having at least one opening can be produced and a second, already filled packaging bag can be closed and isolated in a combined process step. Alternatively, the device comprises only one or two of

Connection device 30, closure device 40 and/or

Separating device 6. One or more of the

Connection device 30, closure device 40 and/or

Separating device 6 can be arranged at a distance from one another. In particular, a separating device 6 can be arranged separately, preferably at an end of the VFFS machine that is remote in the conveying direction 16 .

In particular, a connecting device 30 is set up to produce a connecting seam 24 essentially in the transverse direction or orthogonally to the conveying direction 16 of the packaging material 22 in order to produce a first packaging bag 20 . In addition, a second, already filled packaging bag 20 is preferably closed by creating a connecting seam essentially in the transverse direction or orthogonally to the conveying direction 16 of the packaging material 22 by a closure device 40. Furthermore, the packaging material 22 is preferably closed by a separating device 6 along a dividing line 28, essentially in the transverse direction or orthogonal to the conveying direction 16 of the packaging material 22, so that the second packaging bag 20 is separated or separated from the packaging material 22.

Preferably, the connecting device 30 and/or the closure device 40 corresponds to that shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 or in FIGS. 5 and 6 Connecting device 30 or closure device 40 is formed. In particular, the connection device 30 and/or the closure device 40 is set up for mechanical connection, including embossing or interlocking or knurling.

As an alternative to the configuration described above, only one connecting device 30 or one closure device 40 can be provided in order to produce a single connecting seam 24 transversely to the conveying direction 16 . In this case, the separating line 28 is preferably positioned essentially in the middle of the connecting seam 24 that is produced. This preferred embodiment allows a reduced outlay on components and controls.

In the example shown of the packaging machine 1, at least part of the connecting device 30, the closing device 40 and/or the separating device 6 is designed to be displaceable in order to enable the packaging bag 20 to be filled. In particular, the connecting device 30, the closing device 40 and/or the separating device 6 or a respectively displaceable part thereof is displaced substantially orthogonally or perpendicularly to the conveying direction 16 of the packaging material 22. In this way, a connection is created between the filling device 8 and the packaging bag 20 that has been produced, so that the packaging bag 20 can be filled.

A further configuration includes a connecting device 30, which is set up to produce at least one connecting seam 24 parallel to the conveying direction 16 of the packaging material 22, essentially without a material bond, and a further connecting device 30 and/or a closure device 40, which is set up to produce at least one connecting seam 24 orthogonal to the conveying direction 16 of the packaging material 22, preferably at least in regions by means of a material connection, in particular by means of cold glue, two-component (2K) adhesive, hot-melt adhesive, dispersion adhesive, contact adhesive, polymerization adhesive, pressure-sensitive adhesive or a similar adhesive, in particular with an adhesive which bonds cold can be, ie substantially without heating.

Alternatively and/or additionally, a layer of glue can be applied to the packaging material 22 in the area of a connecting seam 24 to be produced, in particular a head seam, with the layer of glue preferably comprising cold glue and/or a glue that can be processed at room temperature. The glue layer can dry essentially immediately. As a result, the layers of packaging material are preferably not yet connected to one another. A connection, in particular a gluing of the layers of the packaging material of the head seam, takes place in that the connecting seam 24 is produced by heating the glue and/or hot-sealing the glue, in particular at a temperature of approximately 100-140°C. For example, the glue layer can be applied to one layer of packaging material, so that the glue layer is arranged between two opposite layers of packaging material. It is also possible for a layer of glue to be applied to each layer of packaging material. In the case of a glue layer, the two layers of packaging material are bonded by heating the glue layer. If there are two layers of glue, the layers of glue are bonded to each other and to the two layers of packaging material by heating. The heating can take place by means of one or two or more than two heating jaws. A pair of heating jaws can be used. A pair of jaws can be used, one jaw being heated and one jaw being unheated.

A device can be provided for applying one or more of the aforementioned substances, in particular positioned in front of a shaping or folding device 4. Also preferred is a first connecting seam 24 arranged orthogonally to the direction of transport 16 for producing the packaging bag 20 and a second seam orthogonal to the direction of transport 16 arranged connecting seam 24 for closing the packaging bag 20 is produced, these connecting seams 24 preferably being arranged at an opposite end of a packaging bag 20 in each case. In a further embodiment, a connecting seam 24 arranged orthogonally to the direction of transport can be produced by the connecting device 30 and/or the closure device 40 and severed by a separating device 6, preferably approximately in the middle, so that part of the connecting seam 24 is a top seam of a packaging bag 20 and a another part of the connecting seam 24 forms a bottom seam of another packaging bag 20. A separating device 6 can be positioned in the immediate vicinity of the connecting device 30 and/or the closure device 24 or at a distance in the conveying direction 16 .

reference number

packaging machine

feeding device

Forming or folding device

separation device

filling device

rotary runner

Opening device/pocket forming device

induction device

direction of transport

control device

packaging bag

packing material

connecting seam

crease/fold

parting line

connecting device

embossing tool

embossing structure

roller

drive unit

locking device

Claims

patent claims

1. Packaging machine (1) for producing a packaging bag (20), in particular a packaging bag (20) for bulk goods, and for closing a filled packaging bag (20), comprising: a feed device for feeding a packaging material (22); at least one connecting device (30) for producing the packaging bag (20) by connecting at least two layers of the packaging material (22), the packaging material (22) being conveyed essentially continuously, in particular without acceleration, during the connection; and at least one closure device (40) for closing the manufactured and filled packaging bag (20).

2. Packaging machine (1) according to claim 1, wherein the connecting device (30) and/or the closing device (40) is set up to connect the packaging material (22) mechanically, in particular by embossing, interlocking and/or knurling.

3. Packaging machine (1) for producing a packaging bag (20), in particular a packaging bag (20) for bulk goods, and for closing a filled packaging bag (20), comprising: a feed device (2) for feeding a packaging material (22); at least one connecting device (30) for producing a packaging bag (20) by mechanically connecting at least two layers of the packaging material (22); and at least one closure device (40) for closing the manufactured and filled packaging bag (20).

4. Packaging machine (1) according to claim 3, wherein the connecting device (30) and/or the closing device (40) is set up to connect the packaging material (22) by embossing, interlocking and/or knurling; and/or wherein the packaging material (22) is conveyed substantially continuously, in particular without acceleration, during the connection through the at least one connection device (30).

5. Packaging machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one connecting device (30) is displaced during connection with respect to the packaging material (22); and/or wherein the packaging material (22) is conveyed substantially continuously, in particular without acceleration, during closure by the at least one closure device (40); and/or wherein the at least one closure device (40) is displaced relative to the packaging material (22) and/or the packaging bag (20) during closure.

6. Packaging machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connecting device (30) and/or the closing device (40) is set up to connect the packaging material (22) at least partially essentially without a material bond; and/or wherein the connecting device (30) and/or the closing device (40) is set up to connect the packaging material (22) essentially in a positive and/or non-positive manner.

7. Packaging machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connecting device (30) is set up to produce one or more connecting seams (24) essentially parallel to a conveying direction (16) of the packaging material (22) essentially without a material bond; and wherein at least one connecting device (30) and/or the closure device (40) are configured, one or more connecting seams (24) with a material connection essentially orthogonal to a conveying direction (16) of the packaging material (22) to produce.

8. Packaging machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the packaging material (22) consists at least partially of fibrous material, in particular cellulose, wood pulp and/or paper, in particular waste paper material.

9. Packaging machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one connecting device (30) and/or the at least one closing device (40) is configured to have a connecting seam (24) essentially orthogonal to a transport direction (16) of the packaging material ( 22) to generate; and/or wherein the at least one connecting device (30) and/or the at least one closing device (40) is set up to produce a connecting seam (24) substantially parallel to a conveying direction (16) of the packaging material (22).

10. Connecting device (30) for connecting at least two layers of a packaging material (22) to produce a packaging bag (20), in particular a packaging bag (20) for bulk goods, comprising: at least one embossing tool (32) with an embossing structure (34); wherein the connecting device (30) is set up to produce and/or to close a packaging bag (20) by connecting, in particular mechanically embossing, interlacing and/or knurling at least two layers of the packaging material (22); and wherein the packaging material (22) consists at least partially of fibrous material, in particular cellulose, wood pulp and/or waste paper material.

11. Connecting device (30) according to claim 10, wherein the connecting device (30) is set up to connect the packaging material (22) while the packaging material (22) is being conveyed essentially continuously, in particular without acceleration; and/or wherein the embossing tool (32) comprises at least one rotatable roller with an embossing structure (34).

12. Connecting device (30) according to one of claims 10 or 11, wherein the connecting device (30) is set up to produce a connecting seam (24) substantially parallel to a conveying direction (16) of the packaging material (22); and/or wherein the connecting device (30) is set up to produce a connecting seam (24) essentially orthogonally to a conveying direction (16) of the packaging material (22).

13. A method for producing a packaging bag (20), in particular a packaging bag (20) for bulk goods, and for closing a filled packaging bag (20), comprising the steps:

Forming and/or folding a packaging material (22), in particular folding or creasing the packaging material (22);

Production of the packaging bag (20) by producing at least two connecting seams (24) by respective connection, in particular mechanical embossing, interlocking and/or knurling, of at least two layers of the packaging material (22); and

closing the manufactured and filled packaging bag (20); wherein the packaging material (22) consists at least partially of fibrous material, in particular cellulose, wood pulp and/or waste paper material.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein at least two connecting seams (24) are arranged substantially orthogonally to one another; and/or wherein at least two connecting seams (24) are arranged essentially parallel to one another.

15. The method according to any one of claims 13 or 14, further comprising the step:

feeding the packaging material (22); and or

Generating at least one connecting seam (24) essentially without material connection; and or

Closing the packaging bag (20) by creating at least one connecting seam (24) which is parallel and/or orthogonal to at least a seam (24) for creating the packaging bag (20) is arranged; and/or substantially continuous, in particular acceleration-free, conveying of the packaging material (22) while at least one connecting seam (24) is being produced; and or

Filling the packaging bag (20), in particular filling the packaging bag (20) with bulk material; and or

singulating a portion of the packaging material (22); and or

producing at least one connecting seam (24) substantially orthogonally to a conveying direction (16) of the packaging material (22); and or

Creating at least one connecting seam (24) essentially parallel to a conveying direction (16) of the packaging material (22).

16. Closed packaging bag (20), in particular packaging bag (20) filled with bulk material, comprising: at least two essentially parallel connecting seams (24) which connect at least two layers of a packaging material (22) of the packaging bag (20); and at least one connecting seam (24), substantially orthogonal to the at least two connecting seams (24) arranged in parallel; wherein the packaging material (22) consists at least partially of fibrous material, in particular cellulose, wood pulp and/or paper, in particular waste paper material.

17. Packaging bag (20) according to claim 16, wherein at least one, in particular two, three or four, connecting seams (24) connects the packaging material (22) of the packaging bag (20) essentially without a material bond.

18. Packaging bag (20) according to one of claims 16 or 17, wherein the packaging bag (20) has a fold line (26) orthogonal to the at least two parallel connecting seams (24); and/or wherein the packaging bag (20) has two pairs of substantially parallel arranged connecting seams (24), wherein the pairs of connecting seams (24) are arranged substantially orthogonally to one another.

19. Packaging bag (20) according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the packaging bag (20) has: at least one first connecting seam (24) which connects the packaging material (22) essentially without a material bond; a second connection seam (24) which connects the packaging material (22) by means of a material connection, the first connection seam (24) and the second connection seam (24) being arranged substantially orthogonally to one another; wherein the packaging bag (20) preferably has a third connecting seam (24) which connects the packaging material (22) by means of a material connection and is arranged essentially parallel to the second connecting seam (24).