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EP4248151B1 - Procédé de détection de fuites dans un circuit frigorifique d'une machine de réfrigération par compression et système de détection de fuite - Google Patents

Procédé de détection de fuites dans un circuit frigorifique d'une machine de réfrigération par compression et système de détection de fuite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4248151B1
EP4248151B1 EP21770189.5A EP21770189A EP4248151B1 EP 4248151 B1 EP4248151 B1 EP 4248151B1 EP 21770189 A EP21770189 A EP 21770189A EP 4248151 B1 EP4248151 B1 EP 4248151B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
value
refrigerant
heat exchanger
internal heat
measurement point
Prior art date
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Application number
EP21770189.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP4248151A1 (fr
Inventor
Fabian Cedrik Nicolas Nizze
Jan Teichert
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Viessmann Refrigeration Solutions GmbH
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Viessmann Refrigeration Solutions GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/19—Calculation of parameters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
    • F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2103—Temperatures near a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21151—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the suction side of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F25B2700/21163—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F25B2700/21175—Temperatures of an evaporator of the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator

Definitions

  • a method for detecting leaks in a refrigeration circuit of a compression refrigeration machine and a leak detection system for detecting the leakage of a refrigerant in a refrigeration circuit of a compression refrigeration machine are described, wherein the refrigeration circuit has at least one evaporator, one compressor, one condenser, one pressure reducer and one internal heat exchanger, which are connected to one another via lines, wherein a refrigerant is guided in the lines and the internal heat exchanger is arranged between the evaporator and the compressor and between the condenser and the pressure reducer.
  • Compression refrigeration machines use the heat of vaporization when the state of a refrigerant changes to cool a room or another device or coolant, whereby the refrigerant is circulated in the compression refrigeration machines.
  • Refrigerants are distinguished from conventional coolants (brine, etc.) in that they can transfer heat energy along the temperature gradient, which is not possible with a conventional coolant.
  • refrigerants are used that are hazardous to health or the environment and therefore must not escape from the refrigeration circuit.
  • refrigerants are known that are not hazardous to health or the environment. With these refrigerants, the cooling circuit and thus the amount of refrigerant in the cooling circuit should also be kept to a minimum.
  • EN 10 2006 039 925 A1 a method for determining the loss of refrigerant in refrigeration systems is known, whereby in systems with suction circuits, suction is carried out up to a predetermined pressure on the suction side of the compressor, whereby the high pressure that occurs on the pressure side of the compressor is measured and the measured high pressure is compared with the reference high pressure resulting from the target filling quantity of the refrigerant and evaluated.
  • the condenser is switched off and the pressure on the pressure side of the compressor is increased up to a reference pressure, whereby the suction pressure that occurs on the suction side of the compressor is measured and is compared with a reference suction pressure resulting from the target filling quantity of the refrigerant.
  • DE 39 13 521 A1 discloses a method for detecting leaks in the refrigerant circuit of refrigeration systems, which detects a refrigerant leak, whereby the pressure and temperature of the evaporated refrigerant (suction gas) on the suction side of the compressor are measured and the difference between the actual values of suction gas pressure and suction gas temperature is compared with a setpoint value.
  • the setpoint value is determined by the difference between suction gas pressure and suction gas temperature, which usually exists when the refrigeration system is intact. A deviation between the actual and setpoint difference is interpreted as a leak.
  • the known methods require pressure measuring devices in order to be able to measure the pressure in the refrigeration circuit in addition to temperatures.
  • the known methods and systems are therefore complex, which means that in addition to increased costs, they also require a lot of maintenance. This can also lead to misinterpretations or late detection of leaks, so that, for example, a relatively large amount of coolant has to escape before the leak is detected and interpreted as such.
  • EP 1 013 738 A1 A method for detecting leaks in a refrigeration circuit of a compression machine is disclosed.
  • the refrigeration circuit has at least one evaporator, one compressor, one gas cooler, one pressure reducer and one internal heat exchanger, which are connected to one another via lines, with a coolant being carried in the lines.
  • the disclosed method is based on the fact that an odor and/or colorant is added to the carbon dioxide as a coolant, whereby the leakage of the CO2 can be perceived and/or seen by humans through their sense of smell. Accordingly, only a solution for rapid detection of a leak through human sensory perception is proposed.
  • a device for detecting leaks in cooling circuits which has a calculation unit and a detection unit.
  • a leak in a cooling circuit is determined via the temperature ratio between the measured and estimated temperature at the compressor outlet.
  • the amount of leaking coolant correlates with the degree of deviation between the actual value and the estimated value.
  • GB 2 576 644 A discloses a control system that has a leak detection and a supply control system. Based on the temperature at the outlet of the condenser, the temperature at the outlet of the economizer, the outside temperature and the injection temperature in the compressor, a leak is detected and the supply control device causes a leak detection agent to be fed into the refrigeration circuit.
  • the leak detection agent is designed as a fluorescent agent. This allows a maintenance employee to locate a leak by shining the ultraviolet rays of an ultraviolet lamp onto a specific location.
  • the task is to provide a solution for detecting leaks in a refrigeration circuit, which is simple, provides reliable detection of leaks, and continuously monitors the refrigeration circuit is monitored and even small leaks can be detected.
  • the method provides a way of monitoring the refrigeration circuit and detecting leaks using a simple structure.
  • technical measures, organizational measures or behavioral measures can be initiated.
  • the affected section of the line can be disconnected from the refrigeration circuit.
  • Warning messages can be issued, e.g. acoustically and visually. Warning messages can also be sent (via SMS, email, messenger, etc.).
  • Doors can also be locked, for example to block access to the room in which the refrigeration machine is located.
  • Windows can also be opened to ventilate the room.
  • Media-carrying ducts can also be regulated accordingly so that, for example, no coolant or the like is fed into a system. Ventilation systems can also be controlled accordingly.
  • the recorded values can also be used to determine the extent of a leak, so that measures can be initiated depending on this, whereby, for example, a certain sequence of measures is observed depending on the extent of the leak and/or definable measures must be initiated immediately.
  • the temperature at the measuring points can be determined at set intervals, e.g. every time the compressor switches off, or continuously, whereby in other versions it is then also possible to immediately detect a leak.
  • temperature or pressure recording devices are required at at least 4 measuring points, which are located in the area of the internal heat exchanger.
  • the evaluation is carried out by a control system, which calculates the recorded temperatures at the 4 measuring points using the specified calculation and thus generates a third value.
  • This third value enables a conclusion to be drawn as to whether there is a leak in the cooling circuit.
  • the method is based on the determination of a leak based on the temperatures recorded.
  • the temperatures can either be measured directly at the measuring points, or the pressures are measured at the measuring points and the temperature is determined based on the measured pressures using the material properties of the refrigerant. In this way, a leak can be determined using the thermodynamic state variables.
  • the measured or determined temperatures and/or the measured pressures and material values as well as the first, second and third values can be offset against correction factors.
  • the correction factors can refine the result and, for example, prevent misinterpretations.
  • correction factors can be, for example, the material values of the corresponding refrigerant itself, so that the temperature is determined via the pressure as a thermodynamic state variable and the material value.
  • other correction factors can also include, for example, pressures or the outside temperature.
  • the internal heat exchanger can be defined by a section where the line between the evaporator and the compressor and the line between the condenser and the pressure reducer for internal heat transfer run together.
  • the distance between these line sections is very small so that heat transfer can occur.
  • the distance between these line sections can also approach zero or be "zero", so that the line between the evaporator and the compressor and the line between the condenser and the pressure reducer are also in direct contact.
  • a heat transfer element can be provided between these line sections. This means that a relatively high heat transfer is achieved even when there is a distance between these line sections.
  • internal heat transfer devices can be used, with one line section surrounding the other line section and the coolants carried in it flowing through the line sections in countercurrent or cocurrent.
  • the internal heat exchanger can therefore be, for example, a short section in the refrigeration circuit in which the flow and return of the refrigerant run alongside each other in order to mutually influence the temperature of the refrigerant.
  • other heat transfer devices can also be used for the internal heat exchanger, which serves to mutually influence the temperature in the flow and return.
  • the internal heat exchanger is generally used to transfer energy from the refrigerant that is fed from the condenser to the evaporator to the refrigerant (suction gas) that is sucked out of the evaporator via the compressor. This results in a higher subcooling of the refrigerant and thus a higher usable cooling capacity.
  • the determined third value is compared with a reference, whereby both the third value and the reference are dimensionless.
  • the method takes advantage of the fact that a leak in the refrigeration circuit inevitably leads to a change in temperature in the refrigeration circuit.
  • the temperatures on the inner heat exchanger are put into a ratio according to the calculation described above and the third value is determined from this.
  • the third value is independent of normal fluctuations (e.g. temperature increase along pipes, etc.). In the case of normal fluctuations, the temperatures at the 4 measuring points change accordingly, so that the third value essentially hardly changes or that the third value remains remains less than or equal to a reference.
  • the controller can replace the corresponding value with a substitute value of, for example, 0.0001, so that the calculation can continue and no mathematical error occurs. This is intended in particular to prevent division by "0".
  • Other substitute values can also be used within the scope of the calculation specified by the controller. This depends in particular on the accuracy to be achieved.
  • the first value can be divided by the second value, whereby a leak is then detected if the resulting third value is above a reference.
  • the method can also involve dividing the second value by the first value, whereby a leak is then detected if the resulting third value is below a reference.
  • the deviation from the reference is defined in the methods described here for determining leaks by either falling below a reference or exceeding a reference. The deviation should therefore not be understood in such a way that both exceeding and falling below a reference indicate a leak.
  • the Determining whether a leak is present or not depends, as explained below, on the calculation method chosen. With one calculation method, a leak can only be determined if a specified reference is exceeded or not met.
  • the third value can be calculated according to the first alternative and then inverted, whereby a leak is then detected if the third value is below the reference. From a mathematical point of view, the method described here can therefore also be used in a corresponding manner if the third value is inverted or the second value is divided by the first value.
  • At least one additional measuring point can be defined in the refrigeration circuit, which is used to calculate the first value, the second value and/or the third value.
  • the (measurement) result can be refined by using additional measuring points.
  • the determination of the values and the comparison with the reference can be carried out continuously or at specified intervals
  • the intervals that can be set can, for example, be several seconds or minutes.
  • the intervals can also be set by the components of the refrigeration circuit, whereby, for example, a leakage check is carried out using a method described herein whenever the compressor switches off.
  • Continuous measurement has the advantage that a leak can be detected immediately and measures can be taken immediately.
  • the reference can be a pre-determined reference value or a reference function.
  • a third value determined in advance through tests can be stored as a reference value in a control system or a memory connected to it and can be used as a reference for subsequent calculations.
  • the compression refrigeration machine or a system comprising the compression refrigeration machine can be designed to be capable of learning or have a control system capable of learning, so that third values determined through tests can be stored as reference values in a memory and/or adjusted.
  • the reference value can be determined when the compression refrigeration machine is in operation, whereby the temperatures of the refrigerant are recorded at the 4 measuring points until the refrigerant reaches a specified target value at a defined point in the refrigeration circuit.
  • the third value that prevails when the target value of the refrigerant is reached is then saved as the reference value.
  • the generated third values are then continuously or at intervals compared with the reference value while the compression refrigeration machine is in operation.
  • the reference function can be formed from several values of the determined first, second, third and/or fourth temperatures and the position of the subsequently determined third values relative to the reference function can be determined, whereby a leak is detected if the third value deviates from the reference function as described above and, for example, is above or below the reference function.
  • the reference function can be generated from the values for several target temperatures of the refrigerant.
  • a reference function can be created by determining the corresponding third values for different target temperatures of the refrigerant. The reference function is then created from these third values.
  • the behavior of a leak shows a pattern that can be represented as a function. This reference function represents a separation in the coordinate system. Depending on the calculation, all values above or below the reference function correspond to a leak, and the other values do not.
  • the reference function can also be formed from pressures and material values of the refrigerant for setpoint values of the refrigerant.
  • measured values can be continuously recorded at the 4 measuring points for each compressor cycle and compared with the reference value.
  • the resulting number (third value) can be compared with the pre-stored reference or reference function.
  • the evaporator can be separated from the cooling circuit.
  • the compressor can then be switched off and shut-off valves that enclose the evaporator, for example, can be activated. This allows a cooling cell (on the evaporator) to be separated from the cooling circuit, for example, and prevents further refrigerant leakage. After that, only the refrigerant that is still contained in the shut-off area can leak out.
  • valves arranged in the flow and return lines of the evaporator in the refrigeration circuit can be closed if the third value is above the reference.
  • a leak detection system for detecting the leakage of a coolant in a refrigeration circuit of a compression refrigeration machine, comprising a refrigeration circuit with at least one evaporator, one compressor, one condenser, one pressure reducer and one internal heat exchanger, which are connected to one another via lines, wherein a coolant is guided in the lines, wherein the internal heat exchanger is arranged between the evaporator and the compressor and between the condenser and the pressure reducer, wherein the
  • the leak detection system is simple in design and therefore neither maintenance-intensive nor prone to failure.
  • the leak detection system is therefore advantageous for detecting leaks because it provides reliable leak detection, with interval or continuous checking possible.
  • the measuring points can be located in the immediate vicinity or inside the internal heat exchanger.
  • the measuring points can, for example, be located inside the internal heat exchanger and in adjacent pipe sections or in pipe sections that are located immediately after or before the adjacent pipe sections.
  • the leak detection system has suitable measuring devices for recording the temperature at the measuring points.
  • temperature or pressure sensors can be arranged at the measuring points to record the temperature or pressure of the refrigerant in the lines, whereby the temperature can be determined directly or indirectly with the aid of the material value of the refrigerant, as already stated above for the method.
  • the leak detection system and the compression refrigeration machine can, for example, be part of a refrigerated cabinet, a cold storage room or a refrigeration system.
  • the determined reference values or the reference function can be adopted for refrigerated cabinets, cold storage rooms or refrigeration systems of the same construction, so that for identical units a one-time calibration of a unit is sufficient to determine the references. This ensures that for identical units not for each unit a calibration must be carried out separately according to the procedures described above and a reference value or a reference function can be adopted.
  • Refrigerated cabinets are, for example, those that are used in food retail to present chilled goods.
  • refrigeration systems is also used below.
  • a refrigerant is included in the refrigeration circuits 100.
  • Various refrigerants that are available on the market can be used as refrigerants, whereby the refrigerants used depend on the properties and the target values to be achieved, i.e. cooling performance.
  • R134a or R1234ze can be used as refrigerants.
  • Other refrigerants can also be used.
  • Fig.1 shows a schematic representation of a refrigeration circuit 100 of a compression refrigeration machine with a device for detecting leaks
  • Fig.2 shows a further schematic representation of a refrigeration circuit 100, wherein shut-off valves 200 are shown.
  • the refrigeration circuits 100 of Fig.1 and 2 each have an evaporator 120, a compressor 130, a condenser 140, a throttle element 150 as a pressure reducer and a line arrangement 100.
  • the refrigeration circuits 100 each have an internal heat exchanger 160, which in the refrigeration circuit 100 of Fig.2 is not shown.
  • Two shut-off valves 200 are shown, which are also used in the refrigeration circuit 100 of Fig.1 are provided in order to be able to separate the evaporator 120 from the rest of the refrigeration circuit 100.
  • a control is provided which regulates the operation of the components of the respective refrigeration circuit 100.
  • the Refrigeration circuits 100 may include additional components that are not shown for reasons of clarity and for a better understanding of the technical teaching disclosed herein.
  • the refrigeration circuit 100 of Fig.1 For example, it additionally has a dryer 180, which is designed as a filter dryer and filters the coolant from impurities.
  • a high-pressure monitor 190 and a low-pressure monitor 192 are also arranged.
  • the high-pressure monitor 190 is used to control the condenser 140 and protects it from excessive pressures, for which purpose the output of the compressor 130 can be regulated.
  • the low-pressure monitor 192 is used to control the compressor 130 and regulates it in accordance with the pressure prevailing in the corresponding line section of the line arrangement 110.
  • the compressor 130 serves to convey the coolant in the refrigeration circuit 100 and in particular in the line arrangement 110.
  • the compressor 130 can be, for example, a piston compressor or a speed-controlled pump.
  • Speed-controlled pumps have the advantage that their delivery capacity can be continuously adjusted. This allows very fine adjustments of the delivery volume to be achieved.
  • coolant is sucked in from the evaporator 120 via the compressor 130.
  • the coolant sucked in by the compressor 130 reaches the condenser 140, wherein the coolant in the condenser 140 is cooled with the aid of a heat exchanger and a fan or the like, for example with ambient air.
  • the cooled coolant then reaches the evaporator 120 via the line arrangement, wherein the coolant flows into the evaporator 120 through a corresponding control of the throttle element 150 and through the Change of state during phase change absorbs heat from the environment and thus cools the environment.
  • the evaporator 120 can have a heat exchanger and a fan.
  • the throttle element 150 can be an expansion valve, for example.
  • the internal heat exchanger 160 is arranged between the compressor 130 and the evaporator 120 in the suction gas line of the line arrangement 110 and between the condenser 140 and the throttle element 150 in the corresponding high-pressure line section of the line arrangement 110 of the refrigeration circuit 100.
  • the internal heat exchanger 160 is formed by line sections of the line arrangement 110 which run along one another in such a way that the temperature of the refrigerant is mutually influenced. Energy is thus transferred from the refrigerant which is led from the condenser 140 to the evaporator 120 to the refrigerant (suction gas) which is sucked out of the evaporator 120 via the compressor 130. This results in a higher subcooling of the refrigerant and a higher usable cooling capacity.
  • the inner heat exchanger 160 is located in the Fig.1 shown section 170.
  • temperatures are measured at corresponding measuring points 172, 174, 176 and 178.
  • a temperature (1) of the refrigerant is measured
  • a temperature (2) of the refrigerant is measured
  • a temperature (3 ) of the refrigerant is measured.
  • the temperatures (1), (2), (3), (4) can also be determined by measuring pressures via pressure measuring devices at the measuring points 172, 174, 176, 178, whereby the temperatures of the refrigerant are calculated using the respective material value of the refrigerant for the measured pressures, so that the temperatures (1), (2), (3), (4) can also be determined in this way and the following procedures can be applied accordingly to detect leaks.
  • the measuring points 172, 174, 176, 178 can each be located in the immediate vicinity of the inner heat exchanger 160, but without measuring the temperature of the coolant in the inner heat exchanger 160. At the measuring points 172, 174, 176, 178, the temperature of the coolant is then no longer influenced by the coolant in the other line section of the inner heat exchanger 160. However, the temperatures or pressures in the inner heat exchanger 160 can also be measured to determine the temperatures (1), (2), (3), (4).
  • the heat exchanger 160 can be designed in different ways. For example, line sections can be provided that run next to each other or one line section can surround the other. In further embodiments, heat exchangers designed in other ways can also be provided.
  • the calculated value R3 is then compared with a reference value R0. If the value R3 is greater than the reference value R0, there is a leak in the refrigeration circuit 100.
  • the control then activates the shut-off valves 200 (see Fig.2 ), whereby the evaporator 120 is separated from the refrigeration circuit 100. In addition, at least the compressor 130 is switched off. This ensures that in the event of a leak, only the refrigerant that is still contained in the shut-off area can escape.
  • the reference value R0 is specified in advance or determined by calibration.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant after the condenser 140 is measured. As soon as the temperature of the refrigerant after the condenser 140 has reached a predetermined value, the compressor 130 is switched off. The temperature of the refrigerant after the condenser 140 is then still measured. If this temperature falls below a limit value, the compressor 130 is switched on again and cooling of the refrigerant begins again.
  • the temperatures (1), (2), (3), (4) at the measuring points 172, 174, 176 and 178 can be used to calculate a reference value R0.
  • the temperatures (1), (2), (3), (4) at the measuring points 172, 174, 176 and 178 are recorded when the refrigerant has reached the setpoint at the test point after the condenser 140.
  • the measured temperatures (1), (2), (3), (4) are then offset against each other according to equation (1), whereby, for example, the value R3 calculated for the first time can be used as the reference value R0.
  • the reference value R0 is stored in the control or an associated memory. Subsequently, all other values R3 calculated after calibration are compared with the stored reference value R0. If the measured values R3 exceed the reference value R0, there is a leak and the control initiates the above-mentioned measures. Additional measures can also be initiated by the control, whereby, for example, components of the evaporator 120 and the Condenser 140 can be switched off. In addition, the throttle element 150 and other valves can also be switched off or closed in order to prevent the flow of refrigerant.
  • the corresponding temperatures (1), (2), (3), (4) are recorded for several different setpoints and several reference values R0 are calculated from them. These reference values R0 are then used to create a function. The function then forms a reference function RF0. In the coordinate system, all values R3 determined afterwards are either below the reference function RF0, on the reference function RF0 or above the reference function RF0. If the values R3 determined are above the reference function RF0, there is a leak and the control system can initiate appropriate measures.
  • the compressor 130 can then be switched off and the shut-off valves 200 (see Fig. 2 ) that surround the evaporator 120 are activated. This separates the cooling cell (on the evaporator 120) from the refrigeration circuit 100 and prevents further leakage of coolant. After this, only the coolant that is in the sealed area can escape. of the refrigeration circuit 100 or the line arrangement 110 is still contained.
  • the structure is chosen such that essential components of the refrigeration circuit 100 are accommodated within a housing or a tray is provided which can collect escaping coolant.
  • Only the evaporator 120 represents a critical point, since it is connected to the room to be cooled, so that, for example, escaping coolant could enter this room.
  • shutting off the evaporator 120 is therefore a sufficient measure to prevent coolant from escaping into the environment.
  • further shut-off devices can be provided, so that, for example, the line arrangement 110 can be divided into many smaller sections, so that the amount of escaping coolant is always reduced to a minimum.
  • the exemplary design shown with the two shut-off valves 200 in the flow and return of the evaporator 120 enables the reduction of refrigerant leakage to an absolute minimum with regard to the interface that is hazardous to the environment and health.
  • equation (3) can be divided by equation (2), whereby the third value R3 is then inverted compared to equation (4). A leak is then concluded if the third value R3 is smaller than an associated inverse reference value R0 -1 . This applies analogously to a reference function.
  • temperatures (1), (2), (3), (4) can be multiplied by correction factors to refine the measurement result and to ensure that natural fluctuations in the refrigeration circuit do not distort the monitoring of leaks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé de détection de fuites dans un circuit frigorifique (100) d'une machine frigorifique à compression, le circuit frigorifique (100) comportant au moins un évaporateur (120), un compresseur (130), un condenseur (140), un détendeur et un échangeur de chaleur interne (160), qui sont reliés entre eux par des conduites, un réfrigérant étant transporté dans les conduites, l'échangeur de chaleur interne (160) étant disposé entre l'évaporateur (120) et le compresseur (130) et entre le condenseur (140) et le détendeur,
    - au moins dans la zone de l'échangeur de chaleur interne (160)
    a) un premier point de mesure (172) étant défini dans la conduite allant de l'échangeur de chaleur interne (160) au détendeur,
    b) un deuxième point de mesure (174) étant défini dans la conduite allant de l'évaporateur (120) à l'échangeur de chaleur interne (160),
    c) un troisième point de mesure (176) étant défini dans la conduite allant du condenseur (140) à l'échangeur de chaleur interne (160), et
    d) un quatrième point de mesure (178) étant défini dans la conduite allant de l'échangeur de chaleur interne (160) au compresseur (130)
    pour au moins une grandeur d'état thermodynamique du réfrigérant afin de déterminer la température du réfrigérant,
    - la température étant mesurée directement ou acquise indirectement par mesure de la pression en liaison avec une caractéristique physique du réfrigérant,
    - la température du réfrigérant déterminée au premier point de mesure (172) étant soustraite de la température déterminée au troisième point de mesure (176) et une première valeur étant déterminée à partir de là,
    - la température du réfrigérant déterminée au deuxième point de mesure (174) étant soustraite de la température déterminée au quatrième point de mesure (178) et une deuxième valeur étant déterminée à partir de là,
    - la première valeur et la deuxième valeur étant placées dans un rapport,
    - une troisième valeur formée à partir de là étant comparée à une référence, et
    - une fuite étant détectée lorsque la troisième valeur s'écarte de la référence.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    - la première valeur étant divisée par la deuxième valeur et une fuite étant alors détectée si la troisième valeur obtenue est supérieure à la référence, ou
    - la deuxième valeur étant divisée par la première valeur et une fuite étant alors détectée si la troisième valeur obtenue est inférieure à une référence.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, au moins un autre point de mesure étant défini dans le circuit frigorifique et étant utilisé pour calculer la première valeur, la deuxième valeur et/ou la troisième valeur.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, la détermination des valeurs et la comparaison à la référence étant effectuées en continu ou à intervalles définissables.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, la référence étant une valeur de référence préalablement déterminée ou une fonction de référence.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, la fonction de référence étant formée de plusieurs valeurs des première, deuxième, troisième et/ou quatrième températures déterminées et la position des troisièmes valeurs déterminées ultérieurement étant déterminée par rapport à la fonction de référence, une fuite étant détectée lorsque la troisième valeur s'écarte de la fonction de référence.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, la fonction de référence étant générée à partir des valeurs de plusieurs températures cibles, pressions et/ou caractéristiques physiques du réfrigérant.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, l'évaporateur (120) étant séparé du circuit frigorifique (100) après qu'une fuite a été détectée.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, des vannes (200) disposées dans la portion montante et la portion retour de l'évaporateur (120) dans le circuit frigorifique (100) étant fermées si la troisième valeur s'écarte de la référence.
  10. Système de détection de fuite destiné à détecter la sortie d'un réfrigérant dans un circuit frigorifique (100) d'une machine frigorifique à compression, ledit système comportant un circuit frigorifique (100) muni d'au moins un évaporateur (120), d'un compresseur (130), d'un condenseur (140), d'un détendeur et d'un échangeur de chaleur interne (160), qui sont reliés entre eux par des conduites, un réfrigérant étant transporté dans les conduites, l'échangeur de chaleur interne (160) étant disposé entre l'évaporateur (120) et le compresseur (130) et entre le condenseur (140) et le détendeur, la machine frigorifique à compression comportant au moins dans la zone de l'échangeur de chaleur interne (160)
    a) un premier point de mesure (172) dans la conduite allant de l'échangeur de chaleur interne (160) au détendeur,
    b) un deuxième point de mesure (174) dans la conduite allant de l'évaporateur (120) à l'échangeur de chaleur interne (160),
    c) un troisième point de mesure (176) dans la conduite allant du condenseur (140) à l'échangeur de chaleur interne (160), et
    d) un quatrième point de mesure (178) dans la conduite allant de l'échangeur de chaleur interne (160) au compresseur (130),
    pour détecter au moins une grandeur d'état thermodynamique du réfrigérant afin de déterminer la température du réfrigérant, la température pouvant être mesurée directement ou pouvant être détectée indirectement par mesure de la pression en liaison avec une caractéristique physique du réfrigérant,
    comportant en outre une commande qui, conformément à un procédé des revendications 1 à 9,
    - soustrait la température du réfrigérant, déterminée au premier point de mesure (172), de la température déterminée au troisième point de mesure (176) et détermine à partir de là une première valeur,
    - soustrait la température du réfrigérant, déterminée au deuxième point de mesure (174), de la température déterminée au quatrième point de mesure (178) et détermine à partir de là une deuxième valeur,
    - met la première valeur et la deuxième valeur dans un rapport,
    - forme à partir de là une troisième valeur et la compare à une référence,
    - détecte une fuite si la troisième valeur s'écarte de la référence, et
    - ferme des vannes (200) disposées dans la portion montante et la portion retour de l'évaporateur {120) dans le circuit frigorifique (100) lorsque la troisième valeur est supérieure ou inférieure à la référence.
  11. Système selon la revendication 10, les points de mesure (172 ; 174 ; 176 ; 178) se trouvant dans l'environnement immédiat ou à l'intérieur de l'échangeur de chaleur interne (160).
EP21770189.5A 2020-11-23 2021-08-31 Procédé de détection de fuites dans un circuit frigorifique d'une machine de réfrigération par compression et système de détection de fuite Active EP4248151B1 (fr)

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DE102020130850.7A DE102020130850B3 (de) 2020-11-23 2020-11-23 Verfahren zum Erkennen von Leckagen in einem Kältekreis einer Kompressionskältemaschine und Leckagedetektiersystem
PCT/EP2021/073977 WO2022106084A1 (fr) 2020-11-23 2021-08-31 Procédé de détection de fuites dans un circuit frigorifique d'une machine de réfrigération par compression et système de détection de fuite

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CN116772362B (zh) * 2023-07-25 2025-11-07 宁波奥克斯电气有限公司 一种检测空调系统缺氟的方法及空调器

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DE3913521C2 (de) 1989-04-25 1996-09-12 Gerald Hemm Verfahren zum Erkennen von Leckstellen im Kältemittelkreislauf einer Kälteanlage
JP2000192025A (ja) * 1998-12-25 2000-07-11 Sanden Corp 蒸気圧縮式冷凍サイクル
DE102006039925B4 (de) 2006-08-25 2011-01-27 Kriwan Industrie-Elektronik Gmbh Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Kältemittelverlusts von Kälteanlagen
WO2017195248A1 (fr) 2016-05-09 2017-11-16 三菱電機株式会社 Dispositif de réfrigération
CN110709655B (zh) * 2017-06-09 2021-09-10 三菱电机株式会社 制冷装置以及空调装置
JP6887979B2 (ja) * 2018-09-28 2021-06-16 ダイキン工業株式会社 冷媒漏洩判定装置、この冷媒漏洩判定装置を備える冷凍装置、及び冷媒漏洩判定方法

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