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EP4189758A1 - Procédé de fonctionnement de système de piles à combustible et unité d'analyse pour système de pile à combustible - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement de système de piles à combustible et unité d'analyse pour système de pile à combustible

Info

Publication number
EP4189758A1
EP4189758A1 EP21751770.5A EP21751770A EP4189758A1 EP 4189758 A1 EP4189758 A1 EP 4189758A1 EP 21751770 A EP21751770 A EP 21751770A EP 4189758 A1 EP4189758 A1 EP 4189758A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
path
anode
exhaust gas
hydrogen
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21751770.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tobias FALKENAU
Timo Bosch
Christopher Bruns
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP4189758A1 publication Critical patent/EP4189758A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
    • H01M8/04462—Concentration; Density of anode exhausts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04231—Purging of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
    • H01M8/0447—Concentration; Density of cathode exhausts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04761—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell exhausts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell system with at least one fuel cell according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to an evaluation unit for a fuel cell system, with the aid of which the method according to the invention can be carried out.
  • a fuel cell converts hydrogen into electrical energy with the help of oxygen, producing waste heat and water.
  • the fuel cell has a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA), which is supplied with hydrogen via an anode path and with oxygen via a cathode path. While the hydrogen is usually stored in a tank, the oxygen can be taken from the ambient air.
  • MEA membrane-electrode assembly
  • An approach has been systematically established for supplying the fuel cell with hydrogen, in which the anode waste gas, which still contains hydrogen, is fed back to the fuel cells by means of a gas conveying device. This process is called recirculation.
  • a jet pump can be used as the gas conveying device or a hybrid solution consisting of a jet pump and a blower can be used.
  • Recirculated anode off-gas may contain nitrogen which diffuses from the cathode side to the anode side.
  • nitrogen is an inert gas for the electrochemical reaction taking place in the fuel cell. If it is present in a very high concentration, it can also damage the cell, since it is no longer supplied with sufficient hydrogen.
  • the recirculation space is therefore flushed from time to time to reduce the nitrogen concentration. This process is called purging. Part of the anode waste gas is discharged from the recirculation chamber via a purge valve and replaced with fresh hydrogen. However, purging too frequently reduces the efficiency of the fuel cell system, since hydrogen is also purged with the nitrogen. Knowledge of the nitrogen concentration is therefore important in order to optimize anode off-gas purging for system efficiency while minimizing cell damage.
  • At least one hydrogen sensor is generally installed in an exhaust gas path of a fuel cell system.
  • the depleted moist air (cathode exhaust gas) and the anode exhaust gas, which is purged from the recirculation chamber from time to time, are discharged via the exhaust gas path.
  • the exhaust gas thus consists of a hydrogen-nitrogen-steam mixture.
  • the hydrogen sensor located in the exhaust gas path measures whether an uncritical hydrogen concentration is maintained at all times.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating a fuel cell system in which the nitrogen concentration in the Anode path is monitored.
  • the monitoring should be carried out as efficiently as possible and with available resources.
  • a method for operating a fuel cell system with at least one fuel cell, which is supplied with hydrogen via an anode path and with oxygen via a cathode path is proposed.
  • anode waste gas exiting the fuel cell is recirculated.
  • a portion of the anode off-gas is introduced from time to time by purging from the anode path into an off-gas path carrying cathode off-gas.
  • the hydrogen concentration of the exhaust gas is measured in the exhaust gas path using a hydrogen sensor.
  • the hydrogen and/or nitrogen concentration of the anode gas in the anode path before the last purging is calculated on the basis of the measured hydrogen concentration, the gas quantities introduced into the exhaust gas path from the cathode path and from the anode path, and the quantity of hydrogen freshly supplied to the anode path.
  • the nitrogen concentration can be derived from it.
  • the nitrogen concentration in the anode path can thus be monitored directly or at least indirectly with the aid of the proposed method. Knowing the nitrogen concentration, timely purging can prevent damage to the fuel cell. At the same time, purging can be reduced to a minimum to optimize system efficiency.
  • the hydrogen and/or nitrogen concentration of the anode gas is monitored using a hydrogen sensor installed in the exhaust path of the system. Since this is basically available, no further sensors are required to carry out the method, so that it is comparatively easy to implement.
  • the information required to monitor the hydrogen and/or nitrogen concentration in the anode path in addition to the measurement data from the hydrogen sensor is generally known or can be derived in a simple manner from known variables. This applies in particular with regard to the quantities of gas introduced into the exhaust gas path and/or with regard to the quantity of hydrogen freshly supplied to the anode path.
  • the hydrogen concentration of the anode gas is preferably calculated first. Knowing the hydrogen concentration, the nitrogen concentration of the anode gas is then determined. That is, the nitrogen concentration is derived from the hydrogen concentration of the anode gas. The nitrogen concentration is thus determined indirectly.
  • the calculation of the hydrogen concentration is preferably preceded by the method step in which a total molar flow is first calculated from the gas quantities that are introduced into the exhaust gas path. On the basis of the calculated total mole flow and the measured hydrogen concentration of the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas path, a hydrogen quantity determination can then be carried out via time integration. The amount of hydrogen determined in this way can then be used as a basis for calculating the hydrogen concentration of the anode gas. This is because the hydrogen concentration of the anode gas is preferably calculated by dividing the amount of hydrogen in the exhaust gas and the amount of gas introduced from the anode path into the exhaust gas path.
  • the molar flow of the cathode exhaust gas and the molar flow of the anode exhaust gas, which is introduced by purging from the anode path into the exhaust gas path, are preferably determined beforehand.
  • the total molar flow is thus made up of the two individual molar flows of the cathode and anode exhaust gas introduced into the exhaust gas path.
  • the molar flow of the cathode exhaust gas is systemic through knowledge of the map of a cathode-side air compressor and various Air mass measurements as well as knowledge of the amount of oxygen converted, the air pressure and the relative humidity.
  • the molar flow of the anode exhaust gas can be determined.
  • the quantity of gas that is introduced by purging from the anode path into the exhaust gas path is preferably divided by the duration of the purge process.
  • the amount of gas that is introduced by purging from the anode path into the exhaust gas path is determined from the amount of hydrogen that is freshly fed to the anode path and the converted amount of hydrogen at constant anode pressure.
  • the amount of hydrogen converted results from the amount of hydrogen required to generate electricity or from the stack electricity, preferably over the duration of the purge process.
  • This amount of hydrogen is subtracted from the amount of hydrogen that is freshly supplied to the anode path during the purge process. Consequently, the amount of gas discharged by purging can be deduced from the freshly supplied amount of hydrogen.
  • the prerequisite for the assumption is that the anode pressure does not change during the integration period.
  • an evaluation unit for a fuel cell system is proposed, with the aid of which the method according to the invention can be carried out.
  • the evaluation unit is connected in a data-transmitting manner to a hydrogen sensor, which is arranged in an exhaust gas path of the fuel cell system.
  • the measurement data required to carry out the method are therefore available to the evaluation unit. If further information is required, this can also be forwarded to the evaluation unit.
  • a basic method step is the measurement of the hydrogen concentration of the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas path, referred to as method step 10 here.
  • a determination of the quantity of hydrogen is carried out in method step 20 via time integration. Determining the total molar flow includes method steps 11 and 16, in which the molar flow of the cathode exhaust gas is first determined (method step 11) and added to the molar flow of the anode exhaust gas introduced into the exhaust gas path (method step 16).
  • the molar flow of the cathode off-gas can be assumed to be known, the molar flow of the anode off-gas has yet to be determined.
  • the amount of anode waste gas introduced into the waste gas path by purging is divided by the duration of the purge process (method step 15).
  • the amount of anode waste gas introduced into the waste gas path by purging is previously determined in a method step 14 .
  • method steps 12 and 13 which include the integration of the freshly supplied quantity of hydrogen in the anode path over the duration of the purge process (method step 12) and the subtraction of the quantity of hydrogen consumed during the purge process to generate electricity (method step 13).
  • the prerequisite for the assumption is that the anode pressure does not change during the integration period.
  • the hydrogen concentration in the anode path can finally be calculated in method step 30 on the basis of the quantity of gas determined in method step 14 which has been introduced from the anode path into the exhaust gas path and on the basis of the quantity of hydrogen in the exhaust gas determined in method step 20 .
  • the quantity of hydrogen determined in method step 20 is divided by the quantity of gas determined in method step 14 .

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de piles à combustible comprenant au moins une pile à combustible alimentée en hydrogène par l'intermédiaire d'un trajet d'anode et avec de l'oxygène par l'intermédiaire d'un trajet de cathode. Le gaz d'échappement d'anode sortant de la pile à combustible est remis en circulation, mais à partir du temps jusqu'au moment où une partie du gaz d'échappement d'anode est introduite dans un trajet de gaz d'échappement, qui conduit le gaz d'échappement de cathode, par purge des gaz d'échappement hors du trajet d'anode. La concentration en hydrogène du gaz d'échappement est mesurée dans le trajet de gaz d'échappement à l'aide d'un capteur d'hydrogène. Selon l'invention, la concentration en hydrogène et/ou en azote du gaz d'anode dans le trajet d'anode avant la dernière purge est calculée sur la base de la concentration d'hydrogène mesurée, la quantité de gaz introduite dans le trajet de gaz d'échappement à partir du trajet de cathode et du trajet d'anode, et la quantité d'hydrogène qui est fraîchement fournie au trajet d'anode. L'invention concerne en outre une unité d'analyse pour un système de piles à combustible permettant de mettre en œuvre le procédé selon l'invention.
EP21751770.5A 2020-08-03 2021-07-16 Procédé de fonctionnement de système de piles à combustible et unité d'analyse pour système de pile à combustible Pending EP4189758A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020209740.2A DE102020209740A1 (de) 2020-08-03 2020-08-03 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems, Auswerteeinheit für ein Brennstoffzellensystem
PCT/EP2021/069990 WO2022028859A1 (fr) 2020-08-03 2021-07-16 Procédé de fonctionnement de système de piles à combustible et unité d'analyse pour système de pile à combustible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4189758A1 true EP4189758A1 (fr) 2023-06-07

Family

ID=77249809

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21751770.5A Pending EP4189758A1 (fr) 2020-08-03 2021-07-16 Procédé de fonctionnement de système de piles à combustible et unité d'analyse pour système de pile à combustible

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20230352709A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4189758A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP7488956B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20230047145A (fr)
CN (1) CN116114090A (fr)
DE (1) DE102020209740A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022028859A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022102996A1 (de) 2022-02-09 2023-08-10 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Rezirkulationsvorrichtung für ein Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zur Rezirkulation von Wasserstoff in einem Brennstoffzellensystem
CA3248633A1 (fr) 2022-02-18 2023-08-24 Nikola Corporation Système d'échappement de pile à combustible pour véhicule électrique à pile à combustible
DE102022211849A1 (de) 2022-11-09 2024-05-16 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Brennstoffzellensystem und Betriebsverfahren für ein Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102022212563A1 (de) * 2022-11-24 2024-05-29 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zur Prüfung der Funktionsfähigkeit eines Brennstoffkonzentrationssensors einer Brennstoffzelleneinheit
CN118336045A (zh) * 2024-04-15 2024-07-12 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 燃料电池系统及其氢气浓度测量方法和测量装置、车辆

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4384401B2 (ja) * 2002-11-25 2009-12-16 本田技研工業株式会社 燃料電池システム
JP4147927B2 (ja) * 2002-12-09 2008-09-10 株式会社デンソー 燃料電池システム
JP4598622B2 (ja) * 2005-08-01 2010-12-15 本田技研工業株式会社 ガスセンサ
JP5249506B2 (ja) * 2006-03-15 2013-07-31 本田技研工業株式会社 燃料電池システムおよびその起動方法
JP2007294189A (ja) * 2006-04-24 2007-11-08 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池システムおよびその制御方法
US8524404B2 (en) * 2006-07-17 2013-09-03 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Fuel cell anode stoichiometry control
US7544430B2 (en) * 2006-12-15 2009-06-09 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Online detection of stack crossover rate for adaptive hydrogen bleed strategy
JP2012004032A (ja) * 2010-06-18 2012-01-05 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池システム
DE102014224135B4 (de) * 2014-11-26 2024-04-04 Audi Ag Verfahren zum Abschalten eines Brennstoffzellenstapels sowie Brennstoffzellensystem
KR102554935B1 (ko) * 2018-03-14 2023-07-12 현대자동차주식회사 연료전지의 수소 농도 제어방법 및 제어시스템

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20230352709A1 (en) 2023-11-02
WO2022028859A1 (fr) 2022-02-10
KR20230047145A (ko) 2023-04-06
JP2023536246A (ja) 2023-08-24
JP7488956B2 (ja) 2024-05-22
CN116114090A (zh) 2023-05-12
DE102020209740A1 (de) 2022-02-03

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