EP4175754A1 - Verfahren zur gewinnung von nichteisenmetallen aus der asche von hausmüllverbrennungsanlagen sowie aus den rückständen thermischer prozesse - Google Patents
Verfahren zur gewinnung von nichteisenmetallen aus der asche von hausmüllverbrennungsanlagen sowie aus den rückständen thermischer prozesseInfo
- Publication number
- EP4175754A1 EP4175754A1 EP21745688.8A EP21745688A EP4175754A1 EP 4175754 A1 EP4175754 A1 EP 4175754A1 EP 21745688 A EP21745688 A EP 21745688A EP 4175754 A1 EP4175754 A1 EP 4175754A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fraction
- sub
- fractions
- metal particles
- plates
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/005—Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/04—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for furnace residues, smeltings, or foundry slags
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
- B02C13/18—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
- B02C13/1807—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate
- B02C2013/1878—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor the material to be crushed being thrown against an anvil or impact plate radially adjustable
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the recovery of non-ferrous metals from the ash or slag of household waste incineration plants and from the residues of thermal processes which ash or slag has been crushed and essentially freed from iron and is present in at least two fractions, of which the fine fraction contains particles below one predeterminable grain size limit and the coarse fraction contains particles above the grain size limit.
- Ash and slag is the solid residue from incineration or thermal utilization that does not escape with the flue gases. In the following, only ash is spoken of, without any restriction being associated with it.
- the ash from household waste incineration plants contains large quantities of non-ferrous metals, which can be potentially harmful to the environment on the one hand and are, on the other hand, fundamentally reusable.
- the problem here is to be seen in separating the non-ferrous metals from the other components of the ash so that they can be fed into an economically and technically sensible recycling process.
- Magnetic separators have proven themselves for separating the ferrous components, with which iron or ferrous particles can be separated well and with a high degree of efficiency.
- the invention relates to a method with which the non-ferrous metals are separated from an ash that has already been largely freed from iron or iron components and has been crushed.
- the starting material for the process according to the invention is therefore a mixture of non-ferrous metals and inert or mineral material, for example minerals, slag, sintered products, glass or unburned components such as plastics.
- This mixture is usually already in a comminuted form, since comminution is also beneficial for the use of the magnetic separator. It is therefore possible to set a grain size limit below which the fine fraction lies and above which the coarse fraction lies.
- the invention has for its object to form a method of the type described in such a way that a economically sensible processing of all of the iron-free ash from household waste incineration plants is possible.
- the object is achieved according to the invention in that the non-ferrous metals of both the fine fraction and the coarse fraction are separated independently of one another in a device using the same treatment steps with operating parameters adapted to the respective grain sizes.
- the fine fraction or the coarse fraction of the ash can be processed well with the same processing machines. It is only necessary to adapt the relevant machines or systems to the different particle sizes.
- the fine fraction and the coarse fraction can be treated in the same dryer and in the same rotary accelerator and in the same classifier, which need only be slightly adjusted depending on the fraction fed. The mechanical effort therefore remains low.
- the sub-fractions are successively fed to the same magnetic field separator and the same eddy current separator. It is also possible to provide only one air table or only one oscillating setting machine or only one sink-and-float system. Then only the operating parameters of the dryer, the rotary accelerator, the magnetic field separator, the eddy current separator and the air table or the vibratory setting machine or the sink-and-float system can be adapted to the respective fraction. Preset parameter sets can be provided here, which are set for each fraction. In the case of the dryer, the dwell time and the drying temperature are the most important parameters. In the case of the rotary accelerator, the speed of the impact tools is the essential operating parameter. The magnetic field separator and the eddy current separator can be adjusted to the different grain sizes by controlling the magnetic field strength and the throughput speed as well as the position of the separating plate.
- the limit grain size is 4.0 mm and the fine fraction in the classification device is divided into five sub-fractions with the grain sizes 0 mm to 0.25 mm and 0.25 mm to 1.0 mm and 1.0 mm to 2 .0 mm and 2.0 mm to 3.0 mm and 3.0 mm to 4.0 mm. Then the coarse fraction is divided into five sub-fractions with the grain sizes 4.0 mm to 6.0 mm and 6.0 mm to 8.0 mm and 8.0 mm to 10.0 mm and 10.0 mm to 12. 0 mm and 12.0 mm to 20.0 mm divided.
- the limit grain size of 4.0 mm has proven itself in practice.
- the division of the coarse fraction and the fine fraction in five sub-fractions is easily possible with known classification devices.
- the material is dry, so that the use of appropriate screens is possible.
- more or fewer subfractions with other grain boundaries can also be formed.
- the grain limit is usually determined by the supplier of the starting material.
- the particles to be separated are therefore present in a relatively narrow grain size.
- the respective operating parameters of the processing machines can therefore be set in such a way that a very good separation can take place.
- the non-ferrous metal mixtures ultimately obtained are then present with a high degree of purity.
- the invention also relates to a spinner for carrying out the method of the type described above.
- the spinner In the spinner, the non-ferrous metal particles are separated from the inert or mineral material.
- the rotary accelerator has an upright reaction chamber with a circular cross section, in which impact tools are mounted so as to be rotatable about a concentric axis of rotation.
- the percussion tools are designed as vertically aligned rigid impact plates which extend radially to the axis of rotation and are releasably attached to a shaft rotating about the axis of rotation.
- the provision of rigid impact plates has the advantage that, in contrast to hanging impact tools, no minimum speed is required to bring the impact tools into the effective position. Also, the striking tools no longer sink due to the ballast caused by the filled material. Conditions are therefore constant and the probability of a particle being hit by the baffles is increased.
- baffle plates are arranged along the circumference. This results in a high processing density. Furthermore, the impact plates can be arranged in several levels. It is favorable if the baffle plates of planes lying directly one above the other are offset from one another. The cross-section exposed in the projection is thus reduced, so that the probability that a particle will be hit is further increased.
- the lower baffle plates can rotate faster than the upper baffle plates. This means that even smaller particles are reliably hit and broken up.
- the mineral or inert components flake off the ductile metal particles without destroying the latter.
- the brake plates are exposed to a very high level of wear due to the constantly impacting particles. According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is therefore provided that the brake plates are arranged on the wall of the reaction chamber so that they can be displaced in the radial direction. This can change the influence of the brake plates and reduce their wear. Worn and worn brake plates can also be tracked on the inner end face.
- the invention proposes that at least one peripheral annular projection extending perpendicularly to the axis of rotation be present on the inside of the rotation chamber. The material sliding down the inner wall will settle on these projections collect and return to the impact area of the impact plates due to the air turbulence caused by the rotation. The probability of a particle impacting the impact plates is thus also increased.
- the braking plates are arranged in several planes on the inside of the rotation chamber and the annular projections extend between the planes.
- the arrangement can also be such that each level of baffle plates is assigned a level of brake plates.
- this process on the one hand and the special design of the rotary accelerator on the other allow the processing of both a fine fraction and a coarse fraction of the ash.
- the relevant fractions are processed by the same or a similar device, whose individual machines only have to be adapted to the corresponding grain sizes. This can be done by changing the operating parameters that have to be set anyway.
- the relevant coarse fractions or fine fractions or sub-fractions can be temporarily stored in bunkers until a sufficient quantity is available for processing with a set of parameters.
- the fractions of non-ferrous metals ultimately obtained can be brought together again.
- This mixture of fractions or the individual fractions can be sorted according to the elements in order to obtain pure metal fractions. Accordingly, the individual non-ferrous metals are extracted from the ash in a high degree of purity, which can be melted down, for example.
- FIG. 2 the side view of the rotation accelerator, partly in section
- Fig. 4 shows a partial cross section of the inner wall of
- Fig. 5 is a partial view of the inner wall of
- the non-ferrous metals can be obtained from the ash or slag of a household waste incineration plant and from the residues of thermal processes.
- the starting material of the process is formed by an already partially processed ash.
- the original ash from the incineration process has previously been crushed and the Iron components have been at least partially removed using known separation processes.
- the ash is often reduced to a particle size of less than 20 mm or 25 mm for better handling.
- grain size for example larger than 4.0 mm
- the other fraction, the coarse fraction 12 contains the particles larger than the grain size limit.
- the fractions 11, 12 delivered or made available by the household waste incineration plant can initially be stored separately in a bunker 13, 14.
- a predetermined amount of either the fine fraction 11 or the coarse fraction 12 is supplied to a dryer 16 via a metering device 15 . The process is described below using fine fraction 11.
- the supplied fraction 11 of the ash is dried to a predeterminable residual moisture content.
- the residual moisture content is preferably less than 3% by weight. This avoids caking and clumping of the fine-grain fine fraction in the subsequent process.
- the dried fine fraction is fed to a rotary accelerator 17, which will be described below.
- the through inert or mineral material contaminated non-ferrous metal particles cleaned by the inert or mineral material adhering to the surface of the non-ferrous metal particles is blasted off by strong acceleration and / or deceleration of the contaminated particles.
- the non-ferrous metal particles are not crushed, but at most deformed. This type of material digestion is known in principle and therefore requires no further explanation.
- the fine fraction 11 that has been dried and broken down in this way is then divided into a number of subfractions in a classifying device 18 .
- Five sub-fractions 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 19.5 are shown in the drawing, but fewer or more sub-fractions can also be provided.
- the sub-fraction 19.1 can contain the grain size 0 mm to 0.25 mm.
- the sub-fraction 19.2 can have a grain size of 0.25 mm to 1.0 mm
- the sub-fraction 19.3 can have a grain size of 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm
- the sub-fraction 19.4 can have a grain size of 2.0 mm to 3.0 mm
- the sub-fraction 19.5 can Grit 3.0 mm to 4.0 mm included.
- sub-fraction 19.3 In the sub-fractions 19.1 to 19.5 there is a mixture of the non-ferrous metal particles, of the inert or mineral material that has been blasted off, and of ferrous material that is still present or has been blasted off. This is separated in a known manner in a magnetic field separator 21 . The separated ferrous material 22 is discharged. The sub-fraction 19.3 thus cleaned of the ferrous component 22 reaches an eddy current separator 23, in which the non-ferrous metals are separated from the inert or mineral components in a known manner. The inert or mineral components 24 are discharged.
- non-ferrous metal particles in the grain size of the sub-fraction 19.3. Further processing of non-ferrous metals also depends on specific gravity. For example, light metals such as aluminum or magnesium are handled differently than heavy metals such as copper, lead, zinc, brass, gold or silver.
- separating device 25 in which the mixture is divided into a heavy metal fraction 26 and a light metal fraction 27 .
- This separating device 25 can be designed as an air table system, a swing-jigging machine or a sink-float system. These separating devices are known in principle and therefore require no further explanation.
- the process steps in the devices 21, 23 and 25 are each carried out with a sub-fraction 19.1 to 19.5 of a narrow particle size range.
- the individual apparatuses and systems can therefore be set very precisely to the respective particle size, so that good separation with high selectivity of the treated particles can take place.
- the purity of the end products 26, 27 is correspondingly high.
- the process steps on the devices 21, 23, 25 can often with the individual Subfractions 19.1 to 19.5 are repeated until the amount of fine fraction 11 originally supplied has been processed. However, it is also possible to wait until a sufficient quantity has accumulated in the respective storage containers 20 for the sub-fractions 19.1 to 19.5, so that the following process steps or the machines and systems 21, 23, 25 used for this purpose only have to be changed over relatively rarely.
- the same process can also be used for processing the coarse fraction 12 with the same machines and systems. All that is necessary for this is to adapt the operating parameters of the dryer 16 and the rotary accelerator 17 to the larger particle size.
- the classification device 18 can be equipped with interchangeable screens, which enable the screens to be changed quickly and easily to adapt to different fractions.
- the coarse fraction 12 can be divided in the converted classification device 18 into several sub-fractions 29.1, 29.2, 29.3, 29.4, 29.5. Five sub-fractions are shown in the drawing, but fewer or more sub-fractions can also be provided. With an initial grain size of the coarse fraction 12 of 4.0 mm to 20.0 mm, the sub-fraction 29.1 can contain the grain size 4.0 mm to 6.0 mm.
- the sub-fraction 29.2 can have a grain size of 6.0 mm to 8.0 mm
- the sub-fraction 29.3 can have a grain size of 8.0 mm to 10.0 mm
- the sub-fraction 29.4 can have a grain size of 10.0 mm to 12.0 mm
- the sub-fraction 29.5 can Grit 12.0 mm to 20.0 mm included.
- the further processing of the sub-fractions 29.1 to 29.5 of the coarse fraction 12 takes place in the same way as in the treatment of the sub-fractions 19.1 to 19.5 of the fine fraction 11 described above Grain adjusted. This can be done quickly using simple means and, for example, based on empirical values.
- the separated and clean non-ferrous metal particles 26, 27 are in a relatively pure form and with the appropriate grain size. These non-ferrous metal particles 26, 27 can be further processed separately from one another in the respective grain size.
- the different grits can also be mixed with each other.
- both the fine fraction 11 and the coarse fraction 12 of the pretreated ash from household waste incinerators can be processed with just one device 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 23, 25.
- several machines or systems 21, 23, 25 work in parallel in order to increase the throughput.
- This possibility is shown in broken lines in the drawing.
- individual machines can be structurally adapted to the respective grain sizes and only a specific grain size can be used for processing. This can be expedient, for example, in the case of the eddy current separators 23, since their construction also depends on the grain size.
- separate processing lines 21, 23, 25 can be assigned to each sub-fraction 19.1 to 19.5 or 29.1 to 29.5. This increases the mechanical effort, but the throughput can be increased. The number of employees is also reduced.
- the rotary accelerator 17 comprises a housing 30 in whose reaction chamber 31 , which is circular in cross section, at least one shaft 32 is rotatably mounted about a concentric axis of rotation 33 .
- Several baffle plates 34 are attached to the shaft 32 in several levels 35, 36, 37, 38 along the circumference.
- the arrangement in the exemplary embodiment shown is such that the reaction chamber 31 and the axis of rotation 33 are aligned vertically.
- the shaft 32 is designed as a hollow shaft for this purpose.
- the individual shaft sections are driven by a drive device 43 in a manner known per se.
- the shaft 32 thus limits the inner wall 39 of the housing 30 to the reaction chamber 31, which is circular in cross-section and in which the baffle plates 34 rotate.
- the housing 30 thus has a substantially cylindrical shape and extends vertically from top to bottom. Material filled in from above through an eccentric feed opening 40 accordingly migrates from above due to the force of gravity downwards through the reaction chamber 31 to an outlet opening (not shown). The supplied material is caught by the rotating impact plates 34 .
- the baffles 34 extend radially outward and are oriented vertically. The area swept by the baffle plates 34 covers almost the entire reaction chamber 31, and the probability that a particle will actually be caught by a baffle plate 34 and thus disrupted is relatively high.
- the particles caught by the baffle plates are moved outwards towards the inner wall 39 of the reaction chamber due to the centrifugal force.
- There are braking plates 41 on the inner wall 39 which extend radially inwardly into the reaction chamber 31 and run vertically.
- the particles moving in the circumferential direction hit the brake plates 41 and are braked abruptly.
- high forces are generated, which causes the inert or mineral material to be blasted off the surface of the non-ferrous metal particles.
- the brake plates 41 can also be arranged one above the other in several levels.
- the ring-shaped projections 42 can run between the individual planes.
- the baffle plates 34 may be rectangular or pentagonal in plan view with a beveled upper end edge 44 . Provision can also be made for the baffle plates 34 of planes lying one below the other to be offset in relation to one another in the circumferential direction. For example, 14 to 18 baffle plates 34 can be arranged in one plane, preferably distributed evenly over the circumference. A different number of impact plates can also be present in the individual levels. The probability that a particle will be caught by one of the impact plates also increases.
- the rotational speed and thus the peripheral speed of the impact plates 34 can be varied.
- the brake plates 41 are mounted in a slot-shaped opening 46 in the wall 47 of the housing 30 so that they can be displaced in the radial direction 45 .
- the braking plates 41 therefore protrude more or less into the reaction chamber 31, so that more or less material is decelerated.
- the brake plates 41 can be displaced manually, by motor, hydraulically or pneumatically. In particular, a change is also possible during operation, and the result is am
- the breakdown of the particles can thus be optimized.
- the wear of the brake plates 41 can also be optimized since the wear of the brake plates in the reaction chamber 31 decreases with a smaller immersion depth.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020117725.9A DE102020117725A1 (de) | 2020-07-06 | 2020-07-06 | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Nichteisenmetallen aus der Asche von Hausmüllverbrennungsanlagen sowie aus den Rückständen thermischer Prozesse |
| PCT/EP2021/067986 WO2022008312A1 (de) | 2020-07-06 | 2021-06-30 | Verfahren zur gewinnung von nichteisenmetallen aus der asche von hausmüllverbrennungsanlagen sowie aus den rückständen thermischer prozesse |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4175754A1 true EP4175754A1 (de) | 2023-05-10 |
Family
ID=77042902
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21745688.8A Withdrawn EP4175754A1 (de) | 2020-07-06 | 2021-06-30 | Verfahren zur gewinnung von nichteisenmetallen aus der asche von hausmüllverbrennungsanlagen sowie aus den rückständen thermischer prozesse |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4175754A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020117725A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022008312A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011013030A1 (de) | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-06 | Alexandra Beckmann | Aufbereiten von Müllverbrennungsasche |
| DE102013110352A1 (de) | 2013-09-19 | 2015-03-19 | Pms Handelskontor Gmbh | Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung |
| DE102016110086B4 (de) | 2016-06-01 | 2019-09-26 | TARTECH eco industries AG | Vorrichtung zum Auftrennen von Konglomeraten, die aus Materialien unterschiedlicher Dichte bestehen |
| CN110833893A (zh) * | 2018-08-16 | 2020-02-25 | 五河县科迈佳机械科技有限公司 | 一种粒度可调节矿石破碎机 |
-
2020
- 2020-07-06 DE DE102020117725.9A patent/DE102020117725A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2021
- 2021-06-30 WO PCT/EP2021/067986 patent/WO2022008312A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-06-30 EP EP21745688.8A patent/EP4175754A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102020117725A1 (de) | 2022-01-13 |
| WO2022008312A1 (de) | 2022-01-13 |
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