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EP4013607B1 - Presse à balles et procédé de mise en balle de matériau déformable - Google Patents

Presse à balles et procédé de mise en balle de matériau déformable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4013607B1
EP4013607B1 EP20750623.9A EP20750623A EP4013607B1 EP 4013607 B1 EP4013607 B1 EP 4013607B1 EP 20750623 A EP20750623 A EP 20750623A EP 4013607 B1 EP4013607 B1 EP 4013607B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure compressor
filling
press
box
cover plate
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP20750623.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP4013607A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas HEINEN
Bernd LOWIGUS
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Individual
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/32—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for consolidating scrap metal or for compacting used cars
    • B30B9/327—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for consolidating scrap metal or for compacting used cars for briquetting scrap metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3003—Details
    • B30B9/301—Feed means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3078—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor with precompression means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a packaging press for packaging deformable material and a method for packaging deformable material by means of a packaging press.
  • Shearing presses for packaging deformable material are generally known, which press deformable material into a package by three-dimensional compression.
  • Shear baling presses are used, for example, in scrap yards, in body press shops, in aluminum processing plants and in the sheet metal processing industry to optimize logistics, as well as in steelworks, foundries and remelting plants to increase melting performance.
  • a shear baling press typically has a filling pressure compressor, an intermediate pressure compressor and a final pressure compressor, each moved by hydraulic cylinders, as well as a filling box that is filled with the material to be pressed.
  • the filling pressure compressor is arranged on one side of the filling box and presses the material to be pressed into a press box which is arranged on the side of the filling box opposite the filling pressure compressor. Material to be pressed which protrudes beyond the filling pressure compressor is cut off at a cutting edge of the press box with a shearing knife which is attached to the upper edge of the filling pressure compressor.
  • the material to be pressed is compressed into a package from above by the intermediate pressure compressor and from the side, transversely to the filling pressure compressor, by the final pressure compressor.
  • the package can be ejected from the press box by opening a hydraulic door on the side of the press box opposite the final pressure compressor and pushing the package through the hydraulic door using the final pressure compressor.
  • the material to be pressed typically includes a wide range of light to medium weight ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals.
  • High-strength material on the other hand, cannot normally be packaged using conventional shear package presses.
  • AHSS Advanced High Strength Steel
  • the material to be pressed is often pushed upwards when the filling pressure compressor is advanced, so that it protrudes beyond the filling pressure compressor and has to be cut off at the cutting edge.
  • cutting high-strength material is not possible with such designs because the shearing blades weld together and the packaging process comes to a standstill.
  • High-strength material which is used in the automotive industry, for example, is therefore currently often processed using a large shredder plant.
  • JP 2003 081226 A discloses an apparatus provided with a compression space into which plastic waste or the like is thrown, a compression means which compresses the thrown-in plastic waste or the like, a binding means which binds the compressed plastic waste or the like in the compression space into a packaged article, a discharge table for discharging the packaged article, and a pushing-out means which pushes out the packaged article on the discharge table, wherein the discharge table is formed of a smooth plate material and its edge portion is arranged in contact with or near the compression space.
  • DD 96 045 A1 discloses a high-performance baling press with horizontal working movements of a pressure plate of a pre-press and a press ram of a main press, preferably for paper and textile waste. Loose material to be pressed is received in a horizontal container with a large capacity and pre-compacted, with a base of the container being designed as a scale and the dimensions of the pressure plate of the pre-press being larger in area than the dimensions of a pressing surface on the main press ram.
  • AU 72089 74 A discloses a wool press comprising a base structure defining a bag holding means for holding a wool bag having an open top for receiving wool and an open top chamber adjacent the bag holding means for receiving loose wool; a head structure defining a transfer passage, a portion of which is located immediately above the chamber and is continuous with the chamber through the open top of the chamber and another portion of which has a bottom opening for ejecting wool downwardly into a bag held by the bag holding means; a first piston means operable to displace wool from the chamber upwardly into said one portion of the transfer passage; a second piston means operable to displace wool from said one portion of the transfer passage into said other portion of the transfer passage; and a third piston means operable to displace wool from said other portion of the transfer passage downwardly through said bottom opening into the bag holding means. Additionally disclosed AU 72089 74 A the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • DE 25 21 570 A1 discloses a baling press consisting of a press box with at least one pressing element (stamp or flap) for baling filled material and with a closable ejection opening through which the package can be pushed out.
  • the pressing element is connected to a plate which extends in continuation of a movement of the pressing element and closes the ejection opening at least during pressing.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved packaging press and an improved method for packaging deformable material by means of a packaging press.
  • the present invention provides a baling press according to claim 1.
  • the present invention provides a method according to claim 5.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention relate to a packaging press for packaging deformable material, which comprises a compressor and a closure plate which delimits one side of a working space of the compressor, wherein the packaging press is designed such that the closure plate closes the side of the working space when actuated in a first direction and opens it in a second direction, and that the compressor can be moved along the closure plate into the working space.
  • the packaging press can, for example, plastically deform material to be pressed, which includes deformable material, by compacting it and pressing it into a package, which is referred to as packaging.
  • the material to be pressed can, for example, be compacted three-dimensionally, whereby the volume of the material is reduced.
  • the material to be pressed may, for example, comprise a wide range of light to medium weight ferrous metals and/or non-ferrous metals. It may comprise metal waste such as scrap or metal chips or the like.
  • the material to be pressed comprises high-strength material.
  • AHSS Advanced High Strength Steel
  • the packaging of high-strength material is possible because the material to be pressed does not have to be cut.
  • the baling press is designed as a scrap press.
  • the material to be pressed can be compacted by the compactor exerting a mechanical force on the material to be pressed in the direction of compaction.
  • the compactor can be moved in the direction of compaction.
  • the compactor can be actuated, for example, by hydraulics, such as a hydraulic cylinder, which pushes the compactor in the direction of compaction.
  • the compressor may comprise a pressure plate through which the compressor exerts the mechanical force on the material to be pressed.
  • the compressor may further comprise a wear plate.
  • the wear plate may be removably attached to the pressure plate, or the pressure plate may be configured to receive a wear plate.
  • the pressure plate does not touch the material to be pressed directly, but rather via the wear plate, so that wear on the pressure plate is reduced to a negligible level.
  • the wear plate can be designed in such a way that it can be replaced with relatively little effort if it has become unusable due to wear.
  • the working chamber of the compactor is a section of the baling press in which the compactor, or a pressure plate and/or a wear plate of the compactor, moves.
  • material to be compressed can be located in the working chamber of the compactor.
  • Actuation of the closure plate can include movement of the closure plate.
  • the closure plate can therefore be designed such that it closes one side of the working chamber of the compressor when moving in a first direction and opens it when moving in a second direction.
  • the baling press can be designed, for example, such that the closure plate closes one side of the working chamber of the compressor when actuated in a first direction such that material to be pressed that is located in the working chamber of the compressor cannot leave the working chamber through the side closed by the closure plate.
  • the closure plate can be designed such that it closes the side of the working chamber without giving way even when the compressor is moved into the working chamber, so that the material to be pressed in the working chamber is compressed by the compressor and therefore exerts a force on the closure plate. In some embodiments, this can prevent material to be pressed from escaping through the side of the working chamber delimited by the closure plate. the working chamber of the compressor when the compressor is moved into the working chamber.
  • the baling press can, for example, be designed in such a way that the closing plate opens one side of the working chamber of the compressor when actuated in a second direction so that material to be pressed can be filled into the working chamber of the compressor.
  • the first direction and the second direction may be opposite to each other.
  • the first direction and the second direction may be oriented along a direction of movement of the compressor.
  • one edge of the compressor is flush with the closure plate.
  • an edge of a pressure plate or a wear plate of the compressor can be flush with the closure plate.
  • the baling press can be designed in such a way that the edge of the compactor is flush with the closure plate even when the compactor and/or the closure plate are moved. In some embodiments, this can prevent material to be compressed from getting between the compactor and the closure plate when the compactor and/or the closure plate are moved.
  • an end of the closure plate facing away from the compressor engages in the working chamber when the side of the working chamber is closed and is pushed out of the working chamber by the compressor when the compressor is moved into the working chamber.
  • the closure plate can be tilted into a section of the compressor's working space that is not filled by the compressor.
  • An edge of the compressor that is flush with the closure plate can be designed as the rotation axis of the closure plate. If the compressor is then moved into the working space, the edge that is flush with the closure plate can push the closure plate out of the working space as far as is necessary for the compressor to move.
  • the baling press can include a roller that serves as a counter bearing for the closure plate and thus limits how far the closure plate can engage into the working area.
  • the baling press further comprises a working piston which is designed to press the end of the closure plate facing away from the compressor into the working chamber when the side of the working chamber is closed.
  • an end of the closure plate facing away from the compressor engages in the working chamber when the working chamber is closed, even if material to be pressed, which is located in the working chamber and is compressed by the compressor, exerts an outwardly directed force on the closure plate.
  • the working piston can be driven by a hydraulic pump that extends and retracts the working piston.
  • the pressure with which the working piston is extended can be controlled via a pressure relief valve. If the compressor is moved into the working chamber and the closure plate pushes further out of the working chamber, the counter pressure acting on the working piston increases. If the counter pressure reaches a predetermined value, the working piston is retracted so that the working piston does not hinder the movement of the compressor.
  • the invention is not limited to one working piston.
  • the baling press can also comprise several, for example two, working pistons.
  • the working pistons can be constructed identically and arranged next to one another, thus ensuring that the end of the closure plate facing away from the compressor engages evenly in the working chamber.
  • the pressure on the working pistons can be controlled, for example, with a jointly coupled pressure relief valve.
  • the closure plate is designed as a cover plate which delimits an upper side of the working space.
  • the closure plate can, for example, be arranged above the compressor and limit the working space of the compressor at the top.
  • the compressor is designed as a filling pressure compressor and the working space as a filling box.
  • the filling box can be designed to be filled with material to be pressed.
  • the filling box can be limited at the bottom by a floor and on two opposite sides by walls.
  • the top of the filling box can be limited by the closure plate, which can be designed as a cover plate.
  • the cover plate can close the top of the filling box when actuated in a first direction so that no material to be pressed protrudes upwards from the filling box, i.e. from the working space of the compressor.
  • the cover plate can open the top of the filling box when actuated in a second direction so that material to be pressed can be filled into the filling box.
  • the filling pressure compressor can be flush with the bottom and walls of the filling box so that no material to be pressed gets between the filling pressure compressor and the bottom or walls of the filling box.
  • the filling pressure compressor can be flush with the cover plate so that no material to be pressed gets between the filling pressure compressor and the cover plate.
  • the filling pressure compressor can be movable between the walls of the filling box and between the cover plate and the bottom of the filling box. For example, the filling pressure compressor can be moved from one end of the filling box along the cover plate and the bottom and walls of the filling box to an opposite end of the filling box. In this way, material to be pressed that is in the filling box can be compressed and/or pressed out of the filling box at the opposite end.
  • the bottom of the filling box can be designed to be vertically displaceable.
  • the filling box can comprise a housing and be designed such that the bottom of the filling box can be displaced vertically against the housing of the filling box using screw connections, shims, perforated wedges or in a similar manner.
  • the housing of the filling box can comprise the walls of the filling box.
  • the filling box can be designed in such a way that the housing of the filling box is not displaced when the bottom of the filling box is displaced vertically, but that a compressor arranged in the filling box, for example the filling pressure compressor, is displaced.
  • Both the bottom and the housing of the filling box can include wear plates.
  • the baling press further comprises a press box and a guide section, wherein the press box borders on the working space, wherein the compressor can be moved into the working space up to the press box, and wherein the guide section is provided for guiding a package along a boundary between the working space and the press box.
  • the press box can be arranged so that the compressor, or a pressure plate and/or a wear plate of the compressor, can limit the press box or engage in the press box.
  • the press box can, for example, be arranged in such a way that material to be pressed is pressed by the filling pressure compressor from the filling box into the press box when the filling pressure compressor is moved into the filling box.
  • the filling pressure compressor can be moved so far into the filling box that all of the material to be pressed is pressed from the filling box into the press box, and that the filling pressure compressor, or a pressure plate and/or a wear plate of the filling pressure compressor, closes a boundary surface between the filling box and the press box so that no material to be pressed can pass from the press box into the filling box.
  • the press box can be designed to absorb a mechanical force exerted by the compactor.
  • the press box can, for example, comprise a front wall that is aligned parallel to a pressure plate and/or a wear plate of the compactor.
  • the compaction of material to be pressed can, for example, take place by the material to be pressed in the press box being pressed by the compactor with the pressure plate and the wear plate against the front wall.
  • the compressor before the compressor, or a pressure plate and/or a wear plate of the compressor, can delimit the press box, the compressor is moved in the working space of the compressor in the direction of the press box.
  • the baling press may include additional components such as an intermediate pressure compressor, a final pressure compressor and a door.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor can be arranged on a top side of the press box and the final pressure compressor and the door can be arranged on opposite sides of the press box.
  • the press box is then limited at the top by the intermediate pressure compressor, at the bottom by a floor, on a first side by the final pressure compressor, on a second side by the front wall, on a third side opposite the first side by the door and on a fourth side opposite the second side by the compressor, which can be designed as a filling pressure compressor.
  • material to be pressed can be pressed into a package through three-dimensional compaction by performing a first compression, a second compression and a third compression.
  • the first compression is a compaction of the material to be pressed along a first spatial direction. It can be brought about by the compressor. If the compressor is designed as a filling pressure compressor, for example, then the first compression can be brought about by the filling pressure compressor pressing the material to be pressed from the filling box into the press box.
  • the second compression is a compaction of the material to be pressed along a second spatial direction. It can be achieved by the intermediate pressure compressor by pressing the material to be pressed from above against the bottom of the press box.
  • the third compression is a compaction of the material to be pressed along a third spatial direction. It can be achieved by the final pressure compressor by pressing the material to be pressed against the door.
  • the pressure in the filling pressure compressor, the intermediate pressure compressor and/or the final pressure compressor can be relieved.
  • the pressure of the final pressure compressor In order for high-strength material to be plastically deformed, the pressure of the final pressure compressor must be increased so that the package does not burst apart or return to its original shape after the pressure is released by the filling pressure compressor, the intermediate pressure compressor and/or the final pressure compressor.
  • the pressure increase can be achieved, for example, by increasing the pump output and adjusting a cylinder of the final pressure compressor.
  • the door may be designed so that it can be opened after the package has been compressed and the package can be ejected through the door.
  • this can prevent the package from twisting or becoming wedged in the press box during ejection, thus hindering ejection.
  • the package is ejected by moving the final pressure compressor, which is arranged opposite the door, further into the press box and thus pushing the package out of the press box through the opened door.
  • tilting or wedging of the package can be prevented by guiding the package laterally away from the front wall and the filling pressure compressor, or a pressure plate or wear plate of the filling pressure compressor, during ejection.
  • the filling pressure compressor limits the press box at an interface to the filling box, the filling pressure compressor can serve as a guide along the boundary between the filling box, which is the working space of the filling pressure compressor, and the press box when ejecting the package.
  • the package is guided by the guide section along the border between the filling box and the pressing box during ejection.
  • the filling pressure compressor is then no longer required to guide the package and can be moved back out of the filling box into the starting position during ejection of the package.
  • the final pressure compressor, the filling pressure compressor and the closure plate can be moved simultaneously. While the final pressure compressor is moved further into the press box to eject the finished pressed package, the filling pressure compressor can be moved out of the working area to the starting position and at the same time the closure plate can be actuated in the second direction and thus also moved to the starting position.
  • the filling box can be filled earlier with material to be pressed, so that the package throughput is not reduced compared to the prior art, although an additional work step, namely moving the closure plate to the starting position, must be carried out because in a packaging press without a guide section, the filling pressure compressor is needed as a guide for the package during ejection and can therefore only be moved out of the filling box after the package has been ejected.
  • the baling press can comprise a hydraulic system (and/or a pneumatic system and/or another drive device) which hydraulically couples the compressor to the door of the press box and/or the final pressure compressor of the press box and/or the closure plate in such a way that the closure plate and/or the door and/or the final pressure compressor can be operated together with the compressor, for example when ejecting a package from the press box.
  • a hydraulic system and/or a pneumatic system and/or another drive device
  • the baling press can be designed so that the bale is ejected from a press box through a door with a final pressure compressor, whereby the compressor, the final pressure compressor and the closure plate are operated.
  • the baling press can also be designed so that the compressor, the closure plate and the door of the press box are moved simultaneously.
  • Hydraulic fluid forced out of a cylinder of the compressor when the compressor is moved to the home position can be used to open the door in the press box and eject the package with the finished pressure compressor through the door from the first press box and/or to move the closure plate to the home position.
  • the guide section is formed by a vertical offset between a bottom of the press box and a bottom of the working space.
  • the floor of the press box can, for example, be offset downwards compared to the floor of the working area.
  • the compressor which can be designed as a filling pressure compressor, is no longer required to eject the package and it can be moved out of the filling box during ejection.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for packaging deformable material with a packaging press according to one of the above embodiments of a packaging press, comprising: actuating the closure plate in the first direction so that the closure plate closes the working space, and moving the compactor along the closure plate into the working space.
  • a baling press which comprises a press box and a guide section, wherein the press box borders on the working space, wherein the compressor can be moved into the working space up to the press box, and wherein the guide section is provided for guiding a package along a boundary between the working space and the press box, wherein the method further comprises: moving the compressor into the working space up to the press box, pressing a package in the press box, ejecting the package from the press box, moving the compressor back out of the working space and actuating the closure plate in the second direction so that the closure plate opens the side of the working space, wherein the ejection of the package, the return movement of the compressor and the actuation the closure plate in the second direction and wherein the package is guided on the guide section during ejection.
  • the first compression can be carried out first, then the second compression and then the third compression.
  • the package can be ejected from the press box by opening a door of the press box, moving a final pressure compressor of the press box further into the press box and thus pushing the package out of the press box through the door.
  • the package is guided along the guide section during ejection so that it does not become jammed or wedged.
  • the compressor is therefore not required to guide the package during ejection and can be moved out of the working area into the starting position while the package is being ejected from the press box.
  • the locking plate can be operated in the second direction as soon as it is no longer needed to keep material to be pressed in the working area of the compressor.
  • the compressor can be moved out of the working area as soon as it is no longer needed to press the package.
  • the working space can be filled earlier with material to be pressed and the package throughput can thus be increased.
  • the method or the work steps described herein can be implemented in a control system for the packaging press, e.g. as instructions that are executed by a computer, processor, microcontroller or the like and lead to the execution of the method or the work steps of the packaging press described herein.
  • packages can be made of high-strength material.
  • the baling press can be converted into a shear baling press.
  • FIG. 1a and Fig. 1b A known shearing press 1 is shown.
  • the shearing press 1 comprises a filling box 2, a pressing box 3, a filling pressure compressor 4, an intermediate pressure compressor 5, a final pressure compressor 6 and a door 7.
  • the filling box 2 comprises a base 8, walls 9, guide rails 10, shearing blades 11 and a scraper 12.
  • the walls 9 are part of a housing of the filling box 2.
  • the guide rails 10, the shearing blades 11 and the scraper 12 are attached to the housing of the filling box 2.
  • the filling box 2 is laterally delimited by the walls 9, an opening to the press box 3, which borders one end of the filling box 2, and the pressure plate 14 of the filling pressure compressor 4. At the bottom, the filling box 2 is delimited by the floor 8.
  • the filling box 2 serves to hold material to be pressed.
  • the shearing press 1 is fed by means of a crane, a conveyor belt, a chute, a scale and/or a hopper. Material to be pressed is filled into the filling box 2 from above and comes to lie on the floor 8 of the filling box 2.
  • the filling pressure compressor 4 is arranged at an end of the filling box 2 opposite the press box 3 and can be moved horizontally into the filling box 2 and out of the filling box 2 using the filling pressure cylinder 13, a hydraulic cylinder.
  • the filling pressure compressor 4 is guided horizontally by the guide rails 10 in order to prevent movements of the filling pressure compressor 4 in the vertical direction.
  • the filling pressure compressor 4 comprises a pressure plate 14 and stops 15.
  • the pressure plate 14 is aligned perpendicular to the base 8 and the walls 9 of the filling box 2 and is intended for transmitting pressure forces to the material to be pressed.
  • the filling pressure compressor 4 has a wear plate (not shown) which reduces wear on the filling pressure compressor 4.
  • the adjustable stops 15 ensure that the pressure plate 14 reaches a final position that is plane-parallel to an end wall 16 of the press box 3.
  • the distance between the pressure plate 14 in the final position and the opposite end wall 16 corresponds to the width of the package into which the material to be pressed is pressed.
  • the stops 15 can be aligned as desired using shims. In this way, it is possible to adjust how far the filling pressure compressor 4 engages in the press box 3. In some embodiments, it is advantageous to adjust the stops 15 so that the pressure plate 14 of the filling pressure compressor 4 closes an opening between the filling box 2 and the press box 3 flush with the inner wall of the press box 3, whereby a small amount of play, for example of a few tenths of a millimeter, can prevent the final pressure compressor 6 from hitting the filling pressure compressor 4 when moving forward, thus blocking the pressing process.
  • the filling pressure compressor 4 If the filling pressure compressor 4 is moved into the filling box 2 by the filling pressure cylinder 13, the material to be pressed is pushed over the pressure plate 14 into the pressing box 3 and compressed. Material to be pressed that protrudes upwards above the filling pressure compressor 4 is cut off by the shearing blades 11 and comes to rest on the filling pressure compressor 4. If the filling pressure compressor 4 is moved out of the filling box 2 again by the filling pressure cylinder 13, material to be pressed that lies on the filling pressure compressor 4 is stripped off by the stripper 12 into the filling box 2.
  • the press box 3 is adjacent to one end of the filling box 2 and comprises a front wall 16 and a bottom 17.
  • the front wall 16 is designed to absorb high forces so that the material to be pressed can be pressed together between the pressure plate 14 of the filling pressure compressor 4 and the front wall 16.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 5 is arranged on an upper side of the press box 3 and comprises stops 18.
  • the material to be pressed which is located in the press box 3, is pressed vertically onto the floor 17 by the intermediate pressure compressor 5 and thus pressed to a height that corresponds to the height of the package.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 5 is moved by the intermediate pressure cylinder 19, a hydraulic cylinder, and comprises a pressure plate (not shown) with which the pressure forces of the intermediate pressure compressor 5 are transferred to the material to be pressed, as well as a wear plate (not shown) which reduces wear of the intermediate pressure compressor 5.
  • the stops 18 of the intermediate pressure compressor 5 are supported by shims and come into contact when the pressure plate of the intermediate pressure compressor 5 reaches a final position that is plane parallel to the base 17. Intermediate pressure compressor 5 comes into contact with a housing of the shearing package press 1. The end position, and thus the height of the package, can be adjusted using the shims.
  • the final pressure compressor 6 presses the material to be pressed, which is located in the press box 3, horizontally and transversely to the working direction of the filling pressure compressor 4 to a length that corresponds to the length of the package.
  • the finished pressure compressor 6 is moved by the finished pressure cylinder 20, a hydraulic cylinder.
  • the finished pressure compressor 6 comprises a pressure plate (not shown) with which the pressure forces of the finished pressure compressor 6 are transferred to the material to be pressed and which is adapted to the cross-section of the package, as well as a wear plate (not shown) which reduces wear of the finished pressure compressor 6.
  • the final pressure compressor 6 is switched off via a pressure switch when the material to be pressed has been pressed into a package of the desired, variably adjustable length.
  • the section of the press box 3 in which the finished pressed package is located is the package chamber 21.
  • the package chamber 21 is vertically delimited by the floor 17 of the press box 3 and by the pressure plate of the intermediate pressure compressor 5.
  • the package chamber 21 is laterally delimited by the pressure plate 14 of the filling pressure compressor 4 and the opposite end wall 16 of the press box 3 as well as by the pressure plate of the final pressure compressor 6 and the door 7 opposite it.
  • the door 7 can be opened and closed with the door cylinder 22, a hydraulic cylinder, and serves to eject the finished pressed package from the package chamber 21.
  • Fig. 1c and 1d a detailed view of a mechanical shearing knife seat 23 of the shearing packaging press 1 is shown.
  • the shearing press 1 comprises a mechanical shearing blade seat 23, four blind screws 24, associated lock nuts 25 and a profileless wear plate 26 for a free cut 27.
  • two blades 29 are attached to an upper front edge of the filling pressure compressor 4.
  • the mechanical shearing blade seat 23 is attached to the upper edge of the opening between the filling box 2 and the pressing box 3.
  • the shearing blades 11 are mechanically connected to the mechanical shearing blade seat 23 via the four blind screws 24 and the associated lock nuts 25.
  • a lower front edge 28 of the shearing blades 11 is designed as a cutting edge 28.
  • any excess material of the material to be pressed that protrudes upwards beyond the pressure plate 14 of the filling pressure compressor 4 is cut off at the cutting edge 28 between the Shear blades 11 and the blades 29 are separated.
  • the cutting edge 28 is set so that an upper side of the blades 29 is flush with an underside of the shear blades 11, whereby a small clearance, for example of a few tenths of a millimeter, prevents the blades 29 from hitting the shear blades 11 when the filling pressure compressor 4 advances, thus blocking the cutting process.
  • the blades 29 can be aligned as desired with shims to ensure a small clearance of a few tenths of a millimeter.
  • the filling pressure cylinder 13 is extended further so that the filling pressure compressor 4 is moved over the length of the free cut 27.
  • the profile-free wear plate 26 is mechanically connected to the shearing blade seat 23 by means of blind screws. It is advantageous to adjust the profile-free wear plate 26 so that its underside is not flush with the top of the blades 29, but that a clearance, for example of a few millimeters, remains between the profile-free wear plate 26 and the blades 29 in order to prevent the top of the blades 29 from hitting the profile-free wear plate 26 when the filling pressure compressor 4 advances, thus blocking the pressing process. In addition, it is advantageous to select the clearance between the profile-free wear plate 26 and the blades 29 so small that when the intermediate pressure compressor 5 is moved into the press box 3, no material to be pressed gets between the profile-free wear plate 26 and the top of the blades 29 or the filling pressure compressor 4.
  • the shearing package press 1 In order to press the material to be pressed into a package, the shearing package press 1 known from the state of the art requires eight working cycles.
  • the shearing press 1 In the first working cycle, the shearing press 1 is fed.
  • the filling pressure compressor 4, the intermediate pressure compressor 5, the final pressure compressor 6 and the door 7 are in their starting position.
  • the filling pressure compressor 4 is extended from the filling box 2.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 5 and the final pressure compressor 6 are also extended from the press box 3.
  • the door 7 is closed.
  • the shearing press 1 is fed by filling the material to be pressed into the filling box 2 from above.
  • a first compaction step takes place.
  • the filling pressure compressor 4 presses the material to be pressed located in the filling box 2 horizontally into the press box 3 for pre-compaction.
  • the filling pressure compressor 4 remains in the advanced position after the second working stroke.
  • the material to be pressed already has the width of the package, which is given by the width of the press box 3, i.e. the distance between the pressure plate 14 of the filling pressure compressor 4 and the front wall 16.
  • Fig. 2 the shearing press 1 is shown after the second working cycle.
  • the filling pressure compressor 4 has moved forward.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 5 and the final pressure compressor 6 have moved back.
  • the door 7 is closed.
  • the shearing press 1 can still be fed, for example via a hopper; however, the filled material is held back by the filling pressure compressor 4 and only falls into the filling box 2 when the filling pressure compressor 4 is retracted in a later work cycle.
  • the filling box 2 is therefore fed indirectly.
  • the second compaction step takes place in the third work cycle.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 5 is advanced and presses the material to be pressed in the press box 3 for intermediate compaction from above to the final package height.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 5 also remains in the advanced position.
  • Fig.3 the shearing press 1 is shown after the third working cycle.
  • the filling pressure compressor 4 and the intermediate pressure compressor 5 have moved forward.
  • the final pressure compressor 6 has moved back.
  • the door 7 is closed.
  • the third compaction step takes place in the fourth work cycle.
  • the final pressure compactor 6 is moved forward horizontally and presses the material to be pressed in the press box 3 for final compaction to the final package length.
  • the final pressure compactor 6 also remains in the advanced position.
  • the material to be pressed is in the package chamber 21 as a finished pressed package with the final dimensions.
  • the package is enclosed by the pressure plates of the filling pressure compressor 4, the intermediate pressure compressor 5 and the final pressure compressor 6 as well as by the front wall 16 and floor 17 of the press box 3 and the door 7.
  • Fig.4 the shearing package press 1 is shown after the fourth working cycle.
  • the filling pressure compressor 4 and the intermediate pressure compressor 5 have moved forward.
  • the final pressure compressor 6 has moved forward so far that the package is pressed to the desired length.
  • the package is now in the package chamber 21.
  • the door 7 is closed.
  • Hydraulic separation means that the pressure relief of the intermediate pressure compressor 6 and the opening of the door 7 take place via hydraulic systems independent of one another.
  • the package lies stress-free in the package chamber 21.
  • Fig.5 the shearing package press 1 is shown after the fifth working cycle.
  • the filling pressure compressor 4 and the intermediate pressure compressor 5 have advanced, but are not exerting any pressure on the package.
  • the final pressure compressor 6 has advanced to the desired package length, but is also not exerting any pressure on the package.
  • the package lies stress-free in the package chamber 21.
  • the door 7 is open.
  • the package is ejected from the package chamber 21 through the opened door 7 by further advancing the final pressure compressor 6.
  • the package is guided laterally through the pressure plate 14 of the filling pressure compressor 4 and from above through the pressure plate of the intermediate pressure compressor 5 so that it does not become wedged horizontally or vertically and thus hinder the ejection process.
  • Fig.6 the shearing package press 1 is shown after the sixth working cycle.
  • the filling pressure compressor 4 and the intermediate pressure compressor 5 have advanced, but are not exerting any pressure.
  • the final pressure compressor 6 has advanced so far that the package is ejected through the door 7.
  • the door 7 is open.
  • the final pressure cylinder 20 is advanced to a B-pillar.
  • the B-pillar of a hydraulic cylinder designates an end position of the cylinder when the cylinder is fully extended, while an A-pillar of a hydraulic cylinder designates an end position of the cylinder when the cylinder is fully retracted.
  • Fig.7 the shearing press 1 is shown after the seventh working cycle.
  • the filling pressure compressor 4 and the intermediate pressure compressor 5 have moved forward.
  • the final pressure compressor 6 has moved back so far that no more material can penetrate into the cavity 3a behind the final pressure compressor 6.
  • the door 7 is open.
  • the filling pressure compressor 4 the intermediate pressure compressor 5 and the final pressure compressor 6 are returned to their starting positions.
  • the door 7 is also closed.
  • the filling pressure compressor 4 and the final pressure compressor 6 are retracted over a remaining distance by means of hydraulic coupling, i.e. by means of a predetermined oil transfer, so that the filling pressure compressor 4 and the final pressure compressor 6 are retracted together.
  • the filling pressure cylinder 13 is retracted over the entire distance from a B-pillar of the filling pressure cylinder 13 to an A-pillar of the filling pressure cylinder 13.
  • the final pressure cylinder 20 is retracted over the remaining distance to the A-pillar of the final pressure cylinder 20.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 5 and the door 7, however, are retracted by means of hydraulic separation.
  • the shearing press 1 is back in its initial state.
  • the eight work cycles of a known shearing and packaging press 1 run serially and require a lot of time.
  • the shearing and packaging press 1 ensures the packaging of easily deformable material and not the packaging of high-strength material, since high-strength material cannot be cut at the cutting edge 28.
  • a baling press according to the invention is described with reference to the Fig. 8a to 8b which is designed to produce sufficiently pressed packages without cutting the material to be pressed.
  • the packaging press according to the invention is designed such that the number of work cycles required to produce a package, and thus the time required to produce a package, is not increased compared to the shearing packaging press 1.
  • the packaging press according to the invention does not cut the material to be pressed during packaging, it can also be designed for packaging high-strength material that cannot be cut.
  • a baling press 30 in accordance with the present invention is illustrated.
  • the baling press 30 comprises a filling box 31 and a pressing box 32 as well as a cover plate 33, a filling pressure compressor 34, an intermediate pressure compressor 35, a final pressure compressor 36 and a door 37.
  • the filling box 31 comprises a base 38 and walls 39 (not shown) and is designed, similar to the filling box 2 of the shearing press 1, to receive material to be pressed.
  • the filling box 31 is delimited at the bottom by the base 38 and on two opposite sides by the walls 39.
  • the press box 32 comprises a bottom 40 (not in Fig. 8a or 8b shown) and a front wall 41 (not shown in Fig. 8a or 8b It is bordered at the bottom by the floor 40 and on one side by the front wall 41. An end of the press box opposite the front wall 41 borders on the filling box 31.
  • a boundary surface between the filling box 31 and the pressing box 32 is designed as an opening through which material to be pressed can be conveyed from the filling box 31 into the pressing box 32.
  • the cover plate 33 comprises a mechanical connecting element 42 and stops 43.
  • the baling press 30 also comprises a cover plate cylinder 44, a working piston 45 of the cover plate cylinder 44, a joint 46 of the working piston 45 (not in Fig. 8a or 8b shown), a joint 47 on an A-pillar of the cover plate cylinder 44 and a roller 48.
  • the cover plate 33 is connected to the working piston 45 of the cover plate cylinder 44 via the mechanical connecting element 42, wherein the mechanical connecting element 42 is fixed to the working piston 45 with a screw connection.
  • the cover plate cylinder 44 is a hydraulic cylinder and can be tilted against the cover plate 33 via the joint 46 of the working piston 45 and can be tilted against a housing of the packaging press 30 via the joint 47 on the A-pillar.
  • the cover plate cylinder 44 is connected to a housing of the packaging press 30 via the joint 47 on the A-pillar.
  • the cover plate 33 is a closure plate 33 and delimits an upper side of the filling box 31.
  • the cover plate 33 is designed to be movable. By extending the working piston 45 from the cover plate cylinder 44, the cover plate 33 is actuated in a first direction so that it closes the top of the filling box 31. By retracting the working piston 45 into the cover plate cylinder 44, the cover plate 33 is actuated in a second direction so that it opens the top of the filling box 31.
  • the roller 48 is rotatably attached to a housing of the baling press 30 and arranged at a height ⁇ h1 above the cover plate 33.
  • the filling pressure compressor 34 comprises a pressure plate 49, a wear plate (not shown), stops 50 and knives 51.
  • the baling press 30 further comprises a filling pressure cylinder 52.
  • the filling pressure compressor 34 is arranged at one end of the filling box 31 which is opposite the opening to the press box 32 and can be moved into the filling box 31 with the filling pressure cylinder 52.
  • the filling box 31 is a working space 31 of the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the filling pressure compressor 34 is designed as a compressor 34 and can be moved into and out of its working space 31 with the filling pressure cylinder 52.
  • the pressure plate 49 of the filling pressure compressor 34 is arranged at an end of the filling pressure compressor 34 facing the filling box 31 and is intended to transfer pressure forces from the filling pressure compressor 34 to the material to be pressed.
  • the wear plate of the filling pressure compressor 34 is attached to the pressure plate 49 in such a way that the material to be pressed does not come into direct contact with the pressure plate 49, but only with the wear plate.
  • the wear plate is designed in such a way that it can be replaced with relatively little effort. In this way, wear of the filling pressure compressor 34 can be prevented and maintenance of the same can be simplified.
  • the stops 50 of the filling pressure compressor 34 are arranged at an end of the filling pressure compressor 34 facing away from the filling box 31 and ensure that the pressure plate 49 of the filling pressure compressor 34 reaches an end position that is plane-parallel to the end wall 41 of the press box 32.
  • the distance between the pressure plate 49 in the end position and the opposite end wall 41 corresponds to the width of the package into which the material to be pressed is pressed.
  • the stops 50 can be aligned as desired using shims. In this way, it is possible to adjust how far the filling pressure compressor 34 engages in the press box 32. In some embodiments, it is advantageous to adjust the stops 50 so that the Pressure plate 49 of the filling pressure compressor 34 closes the opening between the filling box 31 and the press box 32 flush with an inner wall of the press box 32, whereby a small clearance, for example of a few tenths of a millimeter, can prevent the final pressure compressor 36 from hitting the filling pressure compressor 34 when moving forward and thus blocking the pressing process.
  • the blades 51 are arranged at the front on an upper edge of the filling pressure compressor 34. When the cover plate 33 is used, the blades 51 are not used to cut the material to be pressed, but rather as a loose bearing for the cover plate 33.
  • the cover plate 33 is arranged above the filling pressure compressor 34 and in its initial position lies flat on the filling pressure compressor 34. In particular, the cover plate 33 lies flush on the blades 51. If the cover plate 33 and filling pressure compressor 34 are completely moved out of the filling box 31, then an end of the cover plate 33 facing the filling box 31 is flush with an end of the filling pressure compressor 34 facing the filling box 31, or with the pressure plate 49 or the wear plate of the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the baling press 30 also comprises a mechanical shearing blade seat 53, two hydraulic pumps 54 with external thread, a profileless wear plate 55 and stops 56.
  • the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 is arranged in front of the opening to the press box 32 on an upper side of the filling box 31.
  • Each hydraulic pump 54 comprises a hydraulic cylinder with an external thread. Both hydraulic pumps 54 are screwed onto an upper side of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 with the external threads of their hydraulic cylinders.
  • the profile-free wear plate 55 is screwed to an underside of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53, wherein an end of the profile-free wear plate 55 facing the press box 32 is flush with the interface between the filling box 31 and the press box 32.
  • the stops 56 of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 are arranged offset from the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 in the direction of the cover plate 33.
  • the distance of the stops 56 of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 from the boundary of the filling box 31 to the pressing box 32 and the distance of the stops 43 of the cover plate 33 from the end of the cover plate 33 facing the filling box 31 are coordinated with one another in such a way that the stops 56 of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 and the stops 43 of the cover plate 33 meet when the cover plate 33 has advanced so far that the end of the cover plate 33 facing the filling box 31 reaches the boundary between the filling box 31 and the pressing box 32.
  • the profile-free wear plate 55 can have a substantially trapezoidal cross-section. While an upper side of the profile-free wear plate 55 runs plane-parallel to the underside of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 and an end face of the profile-free wear plate 55 facing the press box 32 runs vertically, an underside of the profile-free wear plate 55 is inclined downwards in the direction of the press box 32, so that the upper side of the cover plate 33 ends plane-parallel to the underside of the profile-free wear plate 55 when the cover plate 33 and the filling pressure compressor 34 are fully extended.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 35 is arranged above the press box 32.
  • the baling press 30 comprises an intermediate pressure cylinder 57, a hydraulic cylinder with which the intermediate pressure compressor 35 can be moved in the vertical direction.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 35 comprises a pressure plate 58, a wear plate (not shown) and stops 59.
  • the pressure plate 58 of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 is arranged on an underside of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 and is designed to transfer pressure forces from the intermediate pressure compressor 35 to material to be pressed, which is located in the press box 32.
  • the wear plate of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 is attached to the pressure plate 58 in such a way that the material to be pressed does not come into direct contact with the pressure plate 58, but only with the wear plate.
  • the wear plate is designed in such a way that it can be replaced with relatively little effort. In this way, wear on the intermediate pressure compressor 35 can be prevented and maintenance of the same can be simplified.
  • the stops 59 of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 are arranged at an end of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 facing away from the press box 32 and ensure that the pressure plate 58 of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 reaches an end position that is plane-parallel to the bottom 40 of the press box 32.
  • the distance between the pressure plate 58 in the end position and the opposite bottom 40 corresponds to the height of the package to which the material to be pressed is pressed.
  • the stops 59 can be aligned as desired using shims. In this way, it is possible to adjust how far the intermediate pressure compressor 35 engages in the press box 32.
  • the final pressure compressor 36 is arranged on one side of the press box 32.
  • the baling press comprises a final pressure cylinder 60, a hydraulic cylinder with which the final pressure compressor 36 can be moved in a horizontal direction, transverse to the direction of movement of both the filling pressure compressor 34 and the intermediate pressure compressor 35.
  • the pressure plate of the finished pressure compressor 36 is arranged on a side of the finished pressure compressor 36 facing the press box 32 and is designed to transfer pressure forces from the finished pressure compressor 36 to material to be pressed, which is located in the press box 32.
  • the wear plate of the finished pressure compressor 36 is attached to its pressure plate in such a way that the material to be pressed does not come into direct contact with the pressure plate, but only with the wear plate.
  • the wear plate is designed in such a way that it can be replaced with relatively little effort. In this way, wear on the finished pressure compressor 36 can be prevented and maintenance thereof can be simplified.
  • the finished pressure compressor 36 can be moved into the press box 32 with the finished pressure cylinder 60. As a result, material to be pressed located in the press box 32 can be pressed to a length that corresponds to the length of a finished pressed package.
  • the finished pressure compressor 36 has no stops. A movement of the finished pressure compressor 36 can be stopped, for example, via a pressure switch when the material to be pressed has been pressed to a predetermined length.
  • the finished pressure compressor 36 is designed such that it can also be moved so far into the press box 32 that a finished pressed package can be pushed out of the press box 32 with the finished pressure compressor 36 on a side of the press box 32 opposite it.
  • the door 37 is arranged on a side of the press box 32 opposite the finished pressure compressor 36.
  • the finished pressure compressor 36 is arranged on the left and the door 37 on the right of the press box 32.
  • the finished pressure compressor 36 can also be arranged on the right and the door 37 on the left of the press box 32.
  • the packaging press 30 also comprises a door cylinder 61.
  • the door cylinder 61 is a hydraulic cylinder and is arranged above the door 37. It is designed to in a vertical direction. If the door 37 is moved upwards with the door cylinder 61, then it is opened. If the door 37 is moved downwards with the door cylinder 61, then it is closed.
  • the door 37 can also be opened by sliding in a horizontal direction, by turning sideways or by folding open.
  • the door 37 is designed to withstand the compressive forces exerted by the finished pressure compressor 36 during normal operation.
  • material to be pressed located in the press box 32 can be pressed between the finished pressure compressor 36 and the door 37 to a length that corresponds to the length of a finished pressed package.
  • a finished pressed package located in the press box 32 can be ejected from the press box 32 through the door 37 by the finished pressure compressor 36.
  • the final pressure compressor 36 is so long that it completely fills the press box 32 even when it is fully extended to eject a package. This means that there is no hollow space behind the final pressure compressor 36 as in the known shear-packaging press 1, into which material to be pressed could get and hinder the return movement of the final pressure compressor 36.
  • Fig. 8b a section of the packaging press 30 around the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 and a section of the packaging press 30 around the mechanical connecting element 42 are shown in a detailed view.
  • the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 is shown in section A of the Fig. 8b.
  • the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 is arranged above the filling box 31 at an end of the filling box 31 facing the press box 32.
  • the profile-free wear plate 55 is attached to the underside of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 and is flush with the intermediate pressure compressor 35.
  • the hydraulic pumps 54 with external threads are screwed onto the top of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53.
  • Each hydraulic pump 54 has a working piston 62 which is connected to a piston rod 64 of the hydraulic pump 54 via a joint 63.
  • the working piston 62 can be extended downwards by the hydraulic pump 54.
  • the working pistons 62 of the hydraulic pumps 54 are guided downwards through holes in the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 and in the profileless wear plate 55.
  • the joints 63 enable a lower end of each working piston 62 to be tilted.
  • the cover plate 33 has been advanced so far that it closes the top of the filling box 31, then the end of the cover plate 33 facing the press box 32 can be engaged with the working pistons 62 the hydraulic pumps 54 are pressed downwards. This ensures that the underside of the cover plate 33 rests flush on the blades 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34 even when material to be pressed located in the filling box 31 exerts an upward force on the cover plate 33 when the filling pressure compressor 34 advances, so that no material to be pressed gets between the top of the filling pressure compressor 34 and the cover plate 33.
  • the stops 56 of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 are arranged such that the cover plate 33 aligns itself against them with the aid of the stops 43 of the cover plate 33 when moving forward such that the end of the cover plate 33 facing the press box 32 is flush with the intermediate pressure compressor 35 without hindering movement of the intermediate pressure compressor 35.
  • the mechanical connecting element 42 is fixed to the working piston 45 via a screw connection.
  • the working piston 45 is mounted on the spherical bearing 46, which is connected to a piston rod 65 of the cover plate cylinder 44.
  • the cover plate 33 is fixedly connected to the mechanical connecting element 42 and is tiltably connected to the cover plate cylinder 44 via the spherical bearing 46.
  • the roller 48 is arranged above the cover plate 33 such that a height difference between the upper side of the cover plate 33 and a shell of the roller 48 assumes a value ⁇ h1 when the cover plate 33 rests flat on the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • Fig. 9a the baling press 30 is shown with the cover plate 33 slightly advanced.
  • the cover plate 33 is advanced, for example, while the filling pressure compressor 34, the intermediate pressure compressor 35, the final pressure compressor 36 and the door 37 are in their initial position and after the filling box 31 has been charged with material to be pressed.
  • the filling box 31 contains a quantity of material to be pressed that is suitable for producing a package.
  • the cover plate 33 is advanced by extending the piston rod 65 of the cover plate cylinder 44. As a result, the mechanical connecting element 42 and consequently the cover plate 33 are pushed in the direction of the press box 32.
  • the cover plate 33 projects horizontally over an upper edge of the filling pressure compressor 34, on which the blades 51 are arranged.
  • the cover plate 33 which is designed as a closure plate, partially closes the top of the filling box 31.
  • the cover plate 33 is not yet extended so far that it tips downwards. It is therefore still resting on the filling pressure compressor 34 and is aligned parallel to its upper side.
  • the upper side of the cover plate 33 is located below the casing of the roller 48 by a height difference ⁇ h1.
  • the cover plate 33 is guided horizontally by the filling pressure compressor 34 during its movement. Its underside is flush with the blades 51 and with the top of the filling pressure compressor 34, which prevents material to be pressed from getting between the blades 51 or the cover plate 33 and the top of the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • Fig. 9b the baling press 30 is shown with the cover plate 33 extended somewhat further.
  • the cover plate 33 only partially closes the top of the filling box 31 here, but further than in Fig. 9a
  • the cover plate 33 is extended so far that it tilts into an inclined position.
  • the inclined position of the cover plate 33 is adjusted by the dead weight of the cover plate 33 when a moment of force whose point of application on the cover plate 33 lies in the direction of the press box 32 as seen from an edge of the knives 51 is greater than a moment of force whose point of application on the cover plate 33 lies in the direction of the roller 48 as seen from the edge of the knives 51.
  • cover plate 33 If the cover plate 33 is in an inclined position, it no longer lies plane-parallel to the filling pressure compressor 34 and is no longer guided horizontally by its upper side during movement.
  • the cover plate 33 continues to be guided flush over the edge of the blades 51. This prevents material to be pressed from getting between the cover plate 33 and the top of the blades 51 or the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the joint bearing 47 on the A-pillar of the cover plate cylinder 44 rotates downwards by an angle ⁇ .
  • the mechanical connecting element 42 between the cover plate 33 and the working piston 45 rotates by an angle ⁇ .
  • a difference between the angle ⁇ and the angle ⁇ is compensated via the joint 46 on the working piston 45 and on the piston rod 65 of the cover plate cylinder 44.
  • Fig. 9c the baling press 30 is shown with the cover plate 33 fully extended.
  • the cover plate cylinder 44 is fully extended.
  • the stops 43 of the cover plate 33 come into contact with the stops 56 of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 and thus ensure that the end of the cover plate 33 facing the press box 32 does not come into mechanical contact with the intermediate pressure compressor 35 when the cover plate cylinder 44 advances.
  • the cover plate 33 can be extended quickly to reduce the time required to close the top of the filling box 31. This may be possible because no material to be pressed needs to be compressed when the cover plate 33 is advanced and the entire power of the cover plate cylinder 44 can therefore be used to move the cover plate 33.
  • a speed at which the cover plate 33 is moved can be controlled, for example, via a volume of a hydraulic fluid (e.g. oil) supplied to the cover plate cylinder 44 per unit of time.
  • a hydraulic fluid e.g. oil
  • a control of the packaging press 30 can, for example, detect a position of the cover plate 33 via position measuring systems. Shortly before the cover plate 33 reaches an end position, the speed of the cover plate 33 can be reduced in order to prevent the stops 43 of the cover plate 33 and the stops 56 of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 from colliding with one another at too high a speed.
  • the control of the baling press 30 can detect, via increased pressures at pressure relief valves, when the stops 43 of the cover plate 33 and the stops 56 of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 come into contact and then stop the movement of the cover plate 33, for example by no longer supplying hydraulic fluid to the cover plate cylinder 44.
  • the movement of the cover plate 33 can also be controlled when an initial position of the cover plate 33 is reached.
  • a movement of the The filling pressure compressor 34, the intermediate pressure compressor 35, the final pressure compressor 36 and/or the door 37 can be controlled accordingly when an initial position or an end position is reached.
  • the stops 43 of the cover plate 33 are adjustable and can be aligned as desired using shims. Since the cover plate 33 is inclined by the angle ⁇ in the extended position, the shims are wedge-shaped.
  • the stops 43 of the cover plate 33 and the stops 56 of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 are provided so that the cover plate 33 does not come into contact with the intermediate pressure compressor 35 when extended, but can no longer be extended after reaching the end position and thus the pressure of the cover plate cylinder 44 increases, whereby the lifting movement is interrupted via a pressure relief valve.
  • a trapezoidal wear plate 33a is attached, and the stops 43 of the cover plate 33 are adjusted so that the wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 rests against the intermediate pressure compressor 35.
  • a small amount of play for example of a few tenths of a millimeter, can prevent the cover plate 33 from mechanically transmitting pressure to the intermediate pressure compressor 35 when the cover plate cylinder 44 advances.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 35 In order to ensure that no material to be pressed gets between an upper edge of the cover plate 33 and the intermediate pressure compressor 35, the intermediate pressure compressor 35, in contrast to the known shearing press 1, is retracted into the press box by a height difference ⁇ h2, so that a height difference ⁇ h3 between a bottom side of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 (or a pressure plate 58 and/or a wear plate of the intermediate pressure compressor 35) and a bottom side of the cover plate 33 is less than a thickness of the cover plate 33. If the thickness of the cover plate 33 is, for example, 50 millimeters, then the height difference ⁇ h3 can be, for example, 20 millimeters.
  • the end of the cover plate 33 facing the press box 32 and/or the wear plate 33a attached thereto can rest against the intermediate pressure compressor 35 with a small clearance, for example of a few tenths of a millimeter.
  • the cover plate 33 is no longer guided horizontally over the top of the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the underside of the cover plate 33 is therefore not plane-parallel to the top of the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the end of the cover plate 33 facing away from the press box 32 is raised so far from the top of the filling pressure compressor 34 that the Top side of the cover plate 33 rests against the casing of the roller 48 and the height difference ⁇ h1 between the casing of the roller 48 and the top side of the cover plate 33 disappears.
  • the roller 48 and the edge of the blades 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34 serve as a loose bearing for guiding the cover plate 33 and prevent vertical displacement of the cover plate 33 and the cover plate 33 from falling into the filling box 31.
  • the fact that the cover plate 33 is guided flush over the edge of the blades 51 also prevents material to be pressed from getting between the cover plate 33 and the top of the blades 51 or the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • Fig. 9d the baling press 30 is shown, whereby the cover plate 33 is pressed downwards by the hydraulic pumps 54.
  • the hydraulic pumps 54 are extended downwards and controlled by a coupled pressure relief valve. Due to the inclined position of the cover plate 33 by the angle ⁇ , the working pistons 62 tilt via the spherical bearings 63 of the hydraulic pumps 54 when they come into contact with the cover plate 33 and assume an end position that is plane-parallel to the top of the cover plate 33 and in which they lie flush on the cover plate 33.
  • the cover plate 33 is pressed downwards into the filling box 31 by the hydraulic pumps 54. This prevents material to be pressed in the filling box 31 from pushing the cover plate 33 upwards and getting between the top of the filling pressure compressor 34 and the bottom of the cover plate 33.
  • the hydraulic pumps 54 are coupled via a common pressure relief valve so that an A-pillar of the hydraulic pumps 54 closes and further extension of the hydraulic pumps 54 is terminated when the pressure applied by the hydraulic pumps 54 reaches a predetermined value.
  • the cover plate 33 is further guided by the roller 48 and by the edge of the blades 51, which serve as a loose bearing and prevent the cover plate 33 from being moved further vertically or falling into the filling box 31 when the hydraulic pumps 54 are extended.
  • the flush finish of the underside of the cover plate 33 with the edge of the blades 51 prevents material to be pressed from getting between the cover plate 33 and the top of the blades 51 or the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • Fig. 9e the baling press 30 is shown with the filling pressure compressor 34 partially advanced.
  • the filling pressure compressor 34 is advanced when the cover plate 33 is completely extended and closes the top of the filling box 31 so that no material to be pressed can protrude upwards beyond the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the filling pressure compressor 34 is moved horizontally in the direction of the press box 32 into the filling box 31. Material to be pressed in the filling box 31 is thus pressed horizontally in the direction of the press box 32. In addition, the material to be pressed moves upwards in the direction of the cover plate 33.
  • the cover plate 33 is further guided by the roller 48 and by the edge of the blades 51, which serve as a loose bearing and prevent the cover plate 33 from falling into the filling box 31. Furthermore, guiding the cover plate 33 flush over the edge of the blades 51 prevents material to be pressed from getting between the cover plate 33 and the top of the blades 51 or the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the cover plate 33 is pushed further upwards out of the filling box 31 by the filling pressure compressor 34 or by the edge of the blades 51. This reduces the inclination of the cover plate 33 and thus the angles ⁇ and ⁇ , which are in Fig. 9b are shown.
  • a counter pressure on the working pistons 62 of the hydraulic pumps 54 which are controlled via a coupled pressure relief valve, also increases. The increased counter pressure opens the A-pillar of the hydraulic pumps 54, causing the hydraulic pumps 54 to partially give way and move back.
  • the working pistons 62 of the hydraulic pumps 54 which can be rotated via the spherical bearings 63, adapt their inclination to the changed inclined position of the cover plate 33 and continue to lie plane-parallel on the upper side of the cover plate 33.
  • Fig. 9f the baling press 30 is shown with the filling pressure compressor 34 fully extended.
  • the cover plate 33 is further guided by the roller 48 and the edge of the blades 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34, which serve as a floating bearing.
  • the underside of the cover plate 33 lies flush on the edge of the blades 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34, so that no material to be pressed gets between the cover plate 33 and the top of the blades 51 or the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 rests, with a slight clearance of, for example, a few tenths of a millimeter, on a vertical wear plate 35a of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 so that no material to be pressed gets between the cover plate 33 and the intermediate pressure compressor 35.
  • a wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 is shown schematically in a detailed view.
  • the wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 is fastened to an end of the cover plate 33 facing the press box 32 via a mechanical screw connection and is trapezoidal in shape due to the angle of rotation ⁇ of the cover plate 33.
  • the wear plate 33a is trapezoidal because it has a substantially trapezoidal cross-section.
  • An upper side of the wear plate 33a adjoins the upper side of the cover plate 33 in a plane-parallel manner, and the lower side of the wear plate 33a adjoins the lower side of the cover plate 33 in a plane-parallel manner.
  • the upper side and the lower side of the wear plate 33a run plane-parallel to one another.
  • a contact surface of the wear plate 33a with the cover plate 33 runs perpendicular to the upper side and the lower side of the wear plate.
  • An end face of the wear plate 33a which faces the press box 32, is aligned vertically when the cover plate 33 is moved to its end position.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 35 comprises a vertical wear plate 35a which is attached to a side of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 facing the filling box 31.
  • the front side of the wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 and an outer side of the vertical wear plate 35a of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 have a mutually complementary tongue and groove profile, as shown in the right part of Fig. 9g As a result, the wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 and the vertical wear plate 35a of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 engage with each other, so that the wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 is guided vertically.
  • the grooves and tongues of the tongue-and-groove profile can, for example, be trapezoidal in shape.
  • the front side of the wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 rests against the vertical wear plate 35a of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 and is separated from it only by a small clearance, for example of a few millimeters.
  • the clearance enables the cover plate 33 not to hinder movement of the intermediate pressure compressor 35.
  • the wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33 and the vertical wear plate 35a of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 slide against each other. In this way, the cover plate 33 is guided vertically on the wear plate 35a of the intermediate pressure compressor 35.
  • this can prevent material to be pressed from getting between the cover plate 33 (or the wear plate 33a of the cover plate 33) and the intermediate pressure compressor 35 (or the vertical wear plate 35a of the intermediate pressure compressor 35).
  • Fig.10 an embodiment of the baling press 30 with means for aligning and securing the bottom 38 of the filling box 31 is illustrated.
  • the bottom 38 of the filling box 31 of the baling press 30 is aligned and secured by various components.
  • crossbeams 66 are arranged transversely to the direction of movement of the filling pressure compressor 34 and are connected to the bottom 38 by screw connections.
  • the screw connections allow the bottom 38 of the filling box 31 to be adjusted in the vertical direction.
  • the cross member 67 counteracts a tipping moment that can occur when the filling pressure compressor 34 is moved into the filling box 31 and, with the aid of shims, enables precise adjustment of the edge of the blades 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34, the cover plate 33 and the profile-free wear plate 55 of the mechanical shear blade seat 53 in the vertical direction.
  • the cross member 67 is vertically adjusted at both ends with two hole wedges 68 each.
  • the hole wedges 68 are fixed via a vertical threaded rod 69 with lock nuts 70 and via a horizontal threaded rod 71.
  • two tapered square irons 72 are also arranged under the cross member 67.
  • the square irons 72 can each be adjusted via a threaded rod 73 and are fixed with a wedge 74 which belongs to a stand of the baling press 30.
  • the filling pressure compressor 34 can be kept in a vertical floating state using trapezoidal wear plates and can only be guided horizontally. As a result, in some embodiments, less wear can occur.
  • a vertical offset is shown between the bottom 38 of the filling box 31 and the bottom 40 of the pressing box 32.
  • the bottom 40 of the pressing box 32 is offset downwards compared to the bottom 38 of the filling box 31.
  • the package chamber 75 is a section of the press box 32 in which a finished pressed package is located. It is delimited by the filling pressure compressor 34 (or by the pressure plate 49 and/or the wear plate of the filling pressure compressor 34), by the front wall 41 of the press box 32, by the intermediate pressure compressor 35 (or by the pressure plate 58 and/or the wear plate of the intermediate pressure compressor 35), by the bottom 40 of the press box 32, by the final pressure compressor 36 (or from the pressure plate and/or the wear plate of the finished pressure compressor 36) and from the door 37.
  • the vertical offset of the bottom 40 of the press box 32 relative to the bottom 38 of the filling box 31 guides a fully pressed package during ejection. This can prevent the package from becoming wedged during ejection and thus hindering ejection.
  • the vertical offset between the bottom 40 of the press box 32 and the bottom 38 of the filling box 31 can be, for example, 40 millimeters.
  • the pressure plate 49 of the filling pressure compressor 34 is not required to guide the package during ejection.
  • the filling pressure compressor 34 can be retracted as soon as the package has been completely pressed, for example while the pressure of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 and/or the final pressure compressor 36 is being relieved and/or while the door 37 is being opened.
  • the cover plate 33 When the filling pressure compressor 34 is retracted, the cover plate 33 initially remains completely extended. As soon as the filling pressure compressor 34 has retracted so far that the cover plate 33 is no longer pressed by the filling pressure compressor 34 against the mechanical shear blade seat 53, the cover plate 33 can be retracted together with the filling pressure compressor 34. The cover plate 33 can be guided by the blades 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • hydraulic fluid e.g. hydraulic oil
  • hydraulic coupling i.e. a forced predetermined takeover of hydraulic fluid
  • the filling box 31 can be refilled as soon as the cover plate 33 and the filling pressure compressor 34 have been moved back to their starting position. Since the cover plate 33 and the filling pressure compressor 34 are already moved to their starting position while the package is still being ejected by the final pressure compressor 36, the filling box 31 can be refilled with material to be pressed even if the intermediate pressure compressor 35, the final pressure compressor 36 and/or the door 37 have not yet returned to their starting position, for example while the intermediate pressure compressor 35 and the final pressure compressor 36 are still being moved out of the press box 32 and the door 37 is still being closed.
  • the cover plate 33 can be extended again so that it closes the top of the filling box 31 as soon as the feeding of the filling box 31 is completed, even if the intermediate pressure compressor 35, the final pressure compressor 36 and/or the door 37 have not yet reached their starting position. When the cover plate 33 is extended again, a new pressing process begins.
  • the cover plate 33 prevents the material to be pressed from protruding over the filling pressure compressor 34 and having to be cut off.
  • the baling press 30 is therefore also suitable for baling high-strength material that is too strong to be cut.
  • the blades 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34 only serve to guide the cover plate 33 and to close the filling pressure compressor 34 flush with the cover plate 33.
  • the present embodiment of a method is based on a work cycle that is repeatedly run through.
  • work cycles are carried out one after the other in a predetermined order.
  • Each work cycle comprises at least one work step of the packaging press 30.
  • one work step is carried out.
  • several work steps for example two or three, are carried out in parallel.
  • the baling press 30 is fed with material to be pressed.
  • the cover plate 33 and the filling pressure compressor 34 are in their starting position.
  • the filling pressure compressor 34 is completely moved out of the filling box 31.
  • the cover plate 33 is completely retracted so that the top of the filling box 31 is open and lies flat on the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • Material to be pressed is filled into the filling box 31 from above through the top of the filling box 31.
  • FIG. 8a and 8b An exemplary state of the baling press 30 during the first working cycle is shown in Fig. 8a and 8b For the sake of clarity, the material to be pressed is not shown.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 35, the final pressure compressor 36 and the door 37 are also in their initial state.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 35 and the final pressure compressor 36 have been completely moved out of the press box 32; the door 37 is closed.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 35, the final pressure compressor 36 and/or the door 37 may not have reached their starting position yet.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 35 and the final pressure compressor 36 can then still be moved out of the press box 32; the door 37 can still be closed.
  • the filling box 31 is fully loaded, a second work cycle of the packaging press 30 can be carried out.
  • the filling box 31 is fully loaded, for example, when there is enough material to be pressed in the filling box 31 to produce a package with predetermined dimensions.
  • the cover plate 33 is moved in the direction of the press box 32 in order to close the top of the filling box 31.
  • the cover plate 33 is pushed by the cover plate cylinder 44 in the direction of the press box 32. It initially slides flat on the top of the filling pressure compressor 34 and then tilts downwards into the filling box 31.
  • the roller 48 prevents the cover plate 33 from falling too far into the filling box 31.
  • the cover plate 33 thus comes into an inclined position and is guided by the roller 48 and the knives 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34 during its further movement.
  • An end position of the cover plate 33 is reached when the stops 43 of the cover plate 33 and the stops 56 of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 meet and prevent further advancement of the cover plate 33.
  • Fig. 9a to 9d Exemplary states of the baling press 30 during the second working cycle are shown in Fig. 9a to 9d shown.
  • the cover plate 33 Once the cover plate 33 has reached its final position, the top of the filling box 31 is closed and a third working cycle of the packaging press 30 can be carried out.
  • a baling press 30 according to the invention is shown during a third working cycle.
  • the filling pressure compressor 34 is moved by the filling pressure cylinder 52 into the filling box 31.
  • cover plate 33 lies flush on the blades 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34 so that no material to be pressed can get between the top of the filling pressure compressor 34 and the cover plate 33.
  • the material to be pressed exerts an upward pressure force on the cover plate 33 as the filling pressure compressor 34 advances. If the cover plate 33 were to be pressed upwards by this pressure force, a gap would be created between the blades 51 and the cover plate 33, through which the material to be pressed could pass and hinder movement of the cover plate 33 and/or the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the cover plate 33 is pressed downwards by the working pistons 62 of the hydraulic pumps 54.
  • the cover plate 33 thus rests firmly on the blades 51 and no material to be pressed can get between the cover plate 33 and the blades 51.
  • the filling pressure compressor 34 presses the cover plate 33 further upwards, thereby increasing the pressure on the hydraulic pumps 54.
  • the hydraulic pumps 54 are coupled via a common pressure relief valve, so that the working pistons 62 give way from a predetermined pressure.
  • the cover plate 33 with the working pistons 62 can thus be pressed downwards into the filling box 31 without hindering the movement of the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • Fig. 13 the baling press 30 is shown after the third working cycle.
  • the filling pressure compressor 34 has reached its final position in which it completely fills the filling box 31 and is flush with the border between the filling box 31 and the pressing box 32.
  • the cover plate 33 remains extended and now rests again on the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 35 and the final pressure compressor 36 have been moved out of the pressing box 32.
  • the door 37 is closed.
  • the material to be pressed is located in the press box 32 and is compressed between the filling pressure compressor 34 and the front wall 41 of the press box 32 to a width that corresponds to the width of a finished package.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 35 is moved downwards into the press box 32 by the intermediate pressure cylinder 57 to an end position.
  • the end position is reached when the stops 59 of the intermediate pressure compressor 35 touch a housing of the press box 32.
  • the material to be pressed is compressed between the intermediate pressure compressor 35 (or the pressure plate 58 or the wear plate of the intermediate pressure compressor 35) and the bottom 40 of the press box 32 to a height that corresponds to the height of a finished package.
  • Fig. 14 the baling press 30 is shown after the fourth working cycle.
  • the cover plate 33 and the filling pressure compressor 34 remain extended.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 35 has moved into the press box 32.
  • the final pressure compressor 36 has moved out of the press box 32.
  • the door 37 is closed.
  • the finished pressure compressor 36 is moved from the finished pressure cylinder 60 into the press box 32 until the finished pressure compressor 36 borders on the package chamber 75.
  • the material to be pressed is compressed between the finished pressure compressor 36 (or the pressure plate and/or the wear plate of the finished pressure compressor 36) and the door 37 to a length that corresponds to the length of a finished package.
  • Fig. 15 the baling press 30 is shown after the fifth working cycle.
  • the cover plate 33 and the filling pressure compressor 34 remain extended.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 35 has moved into the press box 32.
  • the final pressure compressor 36 has moved into the press box 32 up to the package chamber 75.
  • the door 37 is closed.
  • the pressure in the filling pressure cylinder 52, the intermediate pressure cylinder 57 and the finishing pressure cylinder 60 is first relieved. After the pressure relief, the material to be pressed lies as a finished package with the final dimensions in the package chamber 75.
  • the door 37 is opened by the door cylinder 61, for example by lifting it upwards.
  • the filling pressure cylinder 52 also begins to move the filling pressure compressor 34 partially out of the filling box 31.
  • the opening of the door 37 and the partial retraction of the filling pressure compressor 34 can, for example, take place simultaneously and by means of hydraulic coupling.
  • hydraulic fluid e.g. hydraulic oil
  • hydraulic fluid which is pressed out of the filling pressure cylinder 52 when the filling pressure compressor 34 is retracted is fed to the door cylinder 61 and causes the door 37 to be opened there.
  • Fig. 16 the baling press 30 is shown after the sixth working cycle.
  • the cover plate 33 remains closed and is partially tilted into the filling box 31, whereby the inclination of the cover plate 33 is determined by the blades 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34 and the roller 48.
  • the filling pressure compressor 34 is partially moved out of the filling box 31.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 35 is moved into the press box 32.
  • the final pressure compressor 36 is moved into the press box 32 up to the package chamber 75.
  • the door 37 is open.
  • a seventh working cycle of the baling press 30 is carried out.
  • the package is ejected from the packaging press 30.
  • the final pressure compressor 36 is moved from the final pressure cylinder 60 into the press box 32 at least as far as the door 37.
  • the final pressure compressor 36 pushes the package through the door 37 out of the press box 32.
  • the filling pressure compressor 34 is also moved completely out of the filling box 31 into its starting position by the filling pressure cylinder 52.
  • the cover plate 33 is moved into its starting position by the cover plate cylinder 44 so that it opens the top of the filling box 31.
  • the cover plate 33 is guided by the roller 48 and the blades 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the ejection of the package, the return movement of the filling pressure compressor 34 and the return movement of the cover plate 33 take place simultaneously and by means of hydraulic coupling.
  • hydraulic fluid eg hydraulic oil
  • which is pressed out of the cover plate cylinder 44 and/or the filling pressure cylinder 52 when the cover plate 33 and the filling pressure compressor 34 are moved back is fed to the final pressure cylinder 60, where it causes the final pressure compressor 36 to be moved further into the press box 32.
  • the filling pressure compressor 34 is not available to guide the package when it is ejected because it is already moved out of the filling box 31. In order to prevent the package from becoming wedged during ejection and thus hindering ejection, the package is guided during ejection at the vertical offset between the bottom 38 of the filling box 31 and the bottom 40 of the press box 32.
  • Fig. 17 the baling press 30 is shown after the seventh working cycle.
  • the cover plate 33 is moved back to its starting position so that the top of the filling box 31 is open and rests on the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the filling pressure compressor 34 is moved out of the filling box 31 into its starting position.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 35 has moved into the press box 32.
  • the final pressure compressor 36 has moved into the press box 32 at least as far as the door 37.
  • the door 37 is opened.
  • the package is ejected from the packaging press 30.
  • the first work cycle is executed again after the seventh work cycle.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 35 and the final pressure compressor 36 are moved out of the press box 32 into their starting position; the door 37 is closed.
  • the filling box 31 is again fed with material to be pressed.
  • the finished pressure compressor 36 is designed to be so long that no hollow space is created in the press box 32 behind the finished pressure compressor 36.
  • an eighth working stroke is executed between the seventh working stroke and the first working stroke.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 35 and the final pressure compressor 36 are moved out of the press box 32 into their starting position; the door 37 is closed.
  • the first work cycle is executed.
  • the filling box 31 can be fed with material to be pressed both during the eighth working cycle and during the first working cycle. This means that more time is available for feeding the filling box 31.
  • the filling box 31 can be fed not in the eighth working cycle, but only in the first working cycle. This can prevent material to be pressed from entering the cavity behind the finished pressure compressor 36 and hindering the backward movement of the finished pressure compressor 36.
  • the duration of a work cycle run is not increased compared to the known shearing press 1, although additional work steps are necessary for the movement of the cover plate 33. In some embodiments, the duration of a work cycle run is even reduced compared to the shearing press 1.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention relate to a baling press 30 that can be operated in a first operating mode and in a second operating mode.
  • the baling press 30 works as a shear baling press. This operating mode is intended for baling easily deformable material that can be cut with the knives 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the cover plate 33 In the first operating mode, the cover plate 33 is not moved but remains in its starting position. Material to be pressed that protrudes from the filling box 31 beyond the filling pressure compressor 34 is cut off by the knives 51.
  • the baling press 30 operates as a baling press that does not cut the material to be pressed, but uses the cover plate 33 to prevent the material to be pressed from protruding beyond the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • This operating mode is intended for baling high-strength material that cannot be cut and corresponds to the method described above.
  • baling press 30 When changing the operating mode of the baling press 30 between the first operating mode and the second operating mode, structural changes to the baling press 30 may be necessary.
  • the baling press 30 can be designed to be convertible so that the structural changes for a change between the first operating mode and the second operating mode is possible.
  • the baling press 30 can be designed in such a way that the structural changes can be carried out with as little effort as possible.
  • Fig. 18 the mechanical shearing blade seat 23 of the known shearing packaging press 1 is shown in order to illustrate structural differences between the known shearing packaging press 1 and the packaging press 30 according to the invention.
  • the shearing blades 11 are screwed to the underside of the mechanical shearing blade seat 23 using the blind screws 24 and the associated lock nuts 25.
  • a wear plate 26 is attached to the underside of the mechanical shearing blade seat 23.
  • the shearing blades 11 are provided for cutting off material to be pressed that protrudes beyond the filling pressure compressor 4.
  • the wear plate 26 is provided to prevent material to be pressed from protruding beyond the filling pressure compressor 4 again behind the shearing blades 11.
  • the shearing press 1 also has two guide rails 10 and a stripper 12.
  • the guide rails 10 are intended for horizontal guidance of the filling pressure compressor 4.
  • the scraper 12 is provided to scrape material to be pressed, which lies on the top of the filling pressure compressor 4, into the filling box 2. Material to be pressed, which is cut off at the cutting edge 28 between the shearing blades 11 and the blades 29, remains on the top of the filling pressure compressor 4 and is scraped off by the scraper 12 into the filling box 2 when the filling pressure compressor 4 moves back.
  • Fig. 19 the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 of the baling press 30 is shown with the structural changes for the first operating mode in which the baling press 30 is operated as a shearing baling press.
  • Shearing blades 76 are mounted on the underside of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53.
  • the shearing blades 76 are fastened to the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 with blind screws 77 and corresponding lock nuts 78.
  • the height of the shearing blades 76 is selected so that material to be pressed which protrudes beyond the filling pressure compressor 34 is caught by the blades 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34 and the Shear blades 76.
  • the height of a bottom side of the shear blades 76 can correspond to the height of a top side of the blades 51 of the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • a base plate 79 is attached to the underside of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 to which a profileless wear plate 80 is attached.
  • the hydraulic pumps 54 remain mounted on the mechanical shearing blade seat 53. They are not required in the first operating mode. Their working pistons 62 are therefore retracted and are covered by the base plate 79 and/or the profileless wear plate 80.
  • the base plate 79 compensates for the vertical position of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53.
  • the profile-free wear plate 80 enables a free cut behind the shearing blades 76. Since the filling pressure compressor 34 is only moved horizontally along the underside of the profile-free wear plate 80, the profile-free wear plate 80 has a horizontal underside and consequently a rectangular cross-section. The underside of the profile-free wear plate 80 is vertically flush with the underside of the shearing blades 76. A play of, for example, 1 to 1.2 millimeters can prevent the profile-free wear plate 80 from hindering movement of the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • a height difference between the underside of the profileless wear plate 80 or the shear blades 76 and the top of the filling pressure compressor 34 can be achieved with the cross members 66, the cross member 67, the hole wedges 68, the vertical threaded rods 69 with lock nuts 70, the horizontal threaded rods 71, the square irons 72, the threaded rods 73 and/or the wedge 74 made of Fig.10 be set.
  • guide rails are also mounted on the top of the filling box 31, which correspond to the guide rails 10 of the known shearing baling press 1. This ensures horizontal guidance of the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the cover plate 33 is not moved in the first operating mode. It remains in its starting position and is fixed there with four rope hooks. Two rope hooks are attached to an end of the cover plate 33 facing away from the press box 32 and keep it suspended. Two rope hooks are attached to an end of the cover plate 33 facing the press box 32 and aligned so that this end is flush with the top of the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the cover plate 33 can, for example, have eyelets which are provided for receiving the rope hooks.
  • Fig. 20 the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 of the baling press 30 is shown with the structural changes for the second operating mode, in which the baling press 30 is operated as a baling press with cover plate 33.
  • the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 does not have any shearing blades 76. Accordingly, the blind screws 77 and the lock nuts 78 are not attached to the mechanical shearing blade seat 53. Likewise, the base plate 79 and the profile-free wear plate 80 are not mounted. The profile-free wear plate 55 with a trapezoidal cross-section is mounted on the underside of the mechanical shearing blade seat 53. The working pistons 62 of the hydraulic pumps 54 are not covered and can be extended.
  • the baling press 30 has no guide rails for horizontally guiding the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the horizontal guidance of the filling pressure compressor 34 is provided by the cover plate 33.
  • the baling press 30 also has no scrapers because in the second operating mode no material to be pressed is cut and therefore no material to be pressed reaches an upper side of the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the profileless wear plate 55 In order to switch from the second operating mode to a first operating mode, the profileless wear plate 55 must be removed.
  • the shearing blades 76 are screwed to the mechanical shearing blade seat 53 using the blind screws 77 and the lock nuts 78.
  • the base plate 79 and the profileless wear plate 80 are screwed to the mechanical shearing blade seat 53.
  • the cover plate 33 is fixed using four rope hooks and is provided with mechanical scrapers. Guide rails are attached to the top of the filling box 31 for horizontal guidance of the filling pressure compressor 34.
  • the profileless wear plate 80, the base plate 79, the lock nuts 78, the blind screws 77 and the shearing blades 76 are removed from the mechanical shearing blade seat 53.
  • the profileless wear plate 55 is screwed onto the mechanical shearing blade seat 53.
  • the mechanical scrapers and the four rope hooks are removed from the cover plate 33.
  • the guide rails for horizontal guidance of the filling pressure compressor 34 are also removed.
  • the packaging press 30 can be designed in such a way that the structural changes for changing between the first operating mode and the second operating mode of the packaging press 30 can be carried out with as little effort as possible.
  • baling press 30 This allows the baling press 30 to be used both as a baling press for baling high-strength material that cannot be cut and as a shear baling press for baling easily deformable material that can be cut.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Presse à paquets (30) pour la mise en paquets d'un matériau déformable, comprenant :
    un compacteur (34) et
    une plaque de fermeture (33) qui délimite un côté d'un espace de travail (31) du compacteur (34) ;
    la presse à paquets (30) étant conçue de telle manière,
    que la plaque de fermeture (33) ferme le côté de l'espace de travail (31) lors de l'actionnement dans une première direction et l'ouvre lors de l'actionnement dans une seconde direction, et
    que le compacteur (34) est déplaçable le long de la plaque de fermeture (33) dans l'espace de travail (31) ;
    où un bord du compacteur (34) se termine en affleurement avec la plaque de fermeture (33) ;
    où la plaque de fermeture (33) est réalisée sous forme de plaque de couvercle (33) qui délimite une face supérieure de l'espace de travail (31) ; et
    où le compacteur (34) est réalisé sous forme de compacteur à pression de remplissage (34) et l'espace de travail (31) est réalisé sous forme de caisson de remplissage (31), caractérisée en ce qu'une extrémité de la plaque de fermeture (33) opposée au compacteur (34) s'engage dans l'espace de travail (31) lorsque le côté de l'espace de travail (31) est fermé et est poussée hors de l'espace de travail (31) par le compacteur (34) lorsque le compacteur (34) est déplacé dans l'espace de travail (31).
  2. Presse à paquets (30) selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre un piston de travail (62) qui est conçu pour pousser l'extrémité de la plaque de fermeture (33) opposée au compacteur (34) dans l'espace de travail (31) lorsque le côté de l'espace de travail (31) est fermé.
  3. Presse à paquets (30) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, comprenant en outre un caisson de compactage (32) et une section de guidage,
    où le caisson de compactage (32) est adjacent à l'espace de travail (31),
    où le compacteur (34) peut être déplacé jusqu'au caisson de compactage (32) dans l'espace de travail (31), et
    où la section de guidage est prévue pour guider un paquet le long d'une limite entre l'espace de travail (31) et le caisson de compactage (32).
  4. Presse à paquets (30) selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle la section de guidage est formée par un décalage vertical entre un fond (40) du caisson de compactage (32) et un fond (38) de l'espace de travail (31).
  5. Procédé de mise en paquets d'un matériau déformable avec une presse à paquets (30) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant :
    l'actionnement de la plaque de fermeture (33) dans la première direction de sorte que la plaque de fermeture (33) ferme l'espace de travail (31), et
    le déplacement du compacteur (34) le long de la plaque de fermeture (33) à l'intérieur de l'espace de travail (31).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5 avec une presse à paquets (30) selon l'une des revendications 3 et 4, comprenant en outre :
    le déplacement du compacteur (34) à l'intérieur de l'espace de travail (31) jusqu'au caisson de compactage (32),
    le compactage d'un paquet dans le caisson de compactage (32),
    l'éjection du paquet du caisson de compactage (32),
    le mouvement de retour du compacteur (34) hors de l'espace de travail (31) et
    l'actionnement de la plaque de fermeture (33) dans la seconde direction, de sorte que la plaque de fermeture (33) ouvre le côté de l'espace de travail (31),
    où l'éjection du paquet, le mouvement de retour du compacteur (34) et/ou l'actionnement de la plaque de fermeture (33) dans la seconde direction se chevauchent dans le temps, et
    où le paquet est guidé sur la section de guidage lors de l'éjection.
EP20750623.9A 2019-08-14 2020-07-29 Presse à balles et procédé de mise en balle de matériau déformable Active EP4013607B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019121951.5A DE102019121951B4 (de) 2019-08-14 2019-08-14 Paketierpresse und verfahren zum paketieren von verformbarem material
PCT/EP2020/071361 WO2021028221A1 (fr) 2019-08-14 2020-07-29 Presse à balles et procédé de mise en balle de matériau déformable

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EP4013607A1 EP4013607A1 (fr) 2022-06-22
EP4013607B1 true EP4013607B1 (fr) 2024-09-11

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US3694992A (en) * 1971-07-28 1972-10-03 Hunt Co J B Packaging compressible material
DD96045A1 (de) * 1972-04-26 1973-03-05 Horizontale hochleistungs-ballenpresse, vorzugsweise für papier- und textilabfälle alle art
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SU740529A1 (ru) * 1978-01-06 1980-06-15 Харьковский авиационный институт Машина дл брикетировани сыпучих материалов
DE3047673A1 (de) * 1980-12-18 1982-07-15 Lindemann Maschinenfabrik GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf "verfahren undvorrichtung zum herstellen von presslingen aus altmaterial"
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JP2937920B2 (ja) * 1997-01-16 1999-08-23 吉田 久俊 ごみ圧縮処理装置
JP2003081226A (ja) * 2001-09-13 2003-03-19 Nkk Corp プラスチック廃棄物等の縛着・搬送装置

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EP4013607A1 (fr) 2022-06-22
WO2021028221A1 (fr) 2021-02-18
DE102019121951B4 (de) 2021-02-25

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