EP4001540A1 - Ceramic composite panel - Google Patents
Ceramic composite panel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4001540A1 EP4001540A1 EP21207973.5A EP21207973A EP4001540A1 EP 4001540 A1 EP4001540 A1 EP 4001540A1 EP 21207973 A EP21207973 A EP 21207973A EP 4001540 A1 EP4001540 A1 EP 4001540A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic composite
- ceramic
- reinforcement layer
- plate
- fibers
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052572 stoneware Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
- E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
- E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
- E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
- E04C2/525—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling for heating or cooling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2002/001—Mechanical features of panels
- E04C2002/004—Panels with profiled edges, e.g. stepped, serrated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to ceramic composite panels, methods for their production and their use.
- Ceramic plate elements such as fine stoneware, earthenware and stoneware are used extensively indoors and outdoors as wall and floor coverings. Such elements are popular because, among other things, they are characterized by high abrasion resistance and a variety of surface designs.
- such ceramic tile elements have two opposing major surfaces, with only one of the two major surfaces being designed as a decoratively designed side ('decorative side'), while the opposite major surface is of lower quality due to the use of a mold for manufacture.
- WO 2008/003276 A2 discloses a panel-shaped structural element with a concrete base plate, a reinforcement mat and another panel element. It should have a different visible surface compared to a pure concrete slab.
- the object of the present invention was to create further possible applications for ceramic plate elements.
- Such ceramic composite panels are characterized in that the two main surfaces forming the decorative sides can be on the outside and the susceptibility to breakage can be reduced by the middle reinforcement layer.
- the ceramic composite panels according to the invention can therefore also be used free-standing, for example as separating elements, e.g. perpendicular to the wall and floor.
- both ceramic plate elements are connected to a common reinforcement layer. So there are only boundary layers plate element - reinforcement layer - plate element.
- the figure 1 shows a schematic view of a first exemplary embodiment of a ceramic composite panel with two ceramic panel elements 2 and a reinforcing layer 3, each ceramic panel element 2 having two opposing major faces 2a, 2b and a plate plane 21; wherein the plate planes 21 of the two plate elements 2 are arranged parallel to one another and the space between the two plate elements 2 is filled by the reinforcing layer 3; and wherein the reinforcing layer 3 is bonded to a respective main surface 2a, 2b of the ceramic plate elements 2.
- the figure 2 shows a schematic view of a second exemplary embodiment of a ceramic composite panel, the embodiment differing from that in FIG figure 1 ceramic composite panel shown differs in that the reinforcement layer 3 is designed to form a joint 4 withdrawn from the upper end face 10 of the ceramic composite panel.
- the ceramic composite plate shown has four end faces 10, on which the end faces of the plate elements 2 and the end face of the reinforcement layer 3 are exposed to the environmental influences.
- the joint 4 formed on the upper end face 10 was filled with a joint filling compound 5, as a result of which at least the reinforcement layer 3 on the upper end face 10 can be sealed against the surrounding influences.
- the joint filling compound 4 is designed as a permanently elastic sealing compound, it is possible, for example, to prevent moisture or liquids from penetrating into the area of the reinforcement layer.
- it is designed with joints 4 on all end faces, which are each sealed with a joint compound 5 against the surrounding influences.
- the reinforcement layer 3 can thus be covered by a joint compound 5 on any surface facing the environment in such a way that the reinforcement layer 3 is hermetically sealed.
- the ceramic plate elements are selected from the group consisting of fine stoneware, earthenware and stoneware.
- the reinforcement layer exclusively comprises a plastic material.
- the plastic material is preferably unfoamed.
- the reinforcement layer comprises fibers.
- the armor layer includes reinforcing fibers and a matrix.
- the matrix encloses the reinforcing fibers on all sides, so that they are embedded in the matrix, and the matrix material is also in direct contact with the main surfaces of the plate elements that point toward one another. The other two main surfaces of the plate elements are exposed, so they are visible.
- the reinforcement layer is formed at least partially from a plastic.
- a suitable plastic is in particular a thermoplastic or a thermoset.
- the plastic can be a hot-melt adhesive or a synthetic resin, for example.
- the plastic that at least partially forms the reinforcement layer can be provided in particular in the form of a film, preferably as a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, or particularly preferably as a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- Typical suitable plastics are those selected from the group consisting of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, epoxy resin, and poly(meth)acrylates.
- the reinforcement layer can be a single layer or it can be formed from several individual layers connected to one another.
- the reinforcement layer can also be made smaller than the dimensions of the main surfaces of the ceramic plate elements in order to form at least one circumferentially sectional joint on at least one end face of the ceramic composite plate.
- the reinforcement layer is designed to be retracted in at least one section of at least one end face relative to the panel elements to form a joint in the form of an intermediate space between the two opposite panel elements.
- the at least one joint in the area of at least one end face can be jointed at least in sections with a joint filling compound, particularly preferably with a sealing compound.
- An elastic sealing compound such as a permanently elastic silicone sealing compound, epoxy resin joint compound or polymer adhesive, for example, can be used as the sealing compound.
- the reinforcement layer can be formed at least partially from a woven mesh or can comprise a woven mesh.
- reinforcing fibers are introduced at least in partial areas of the reinforcement layer and/or are bonded to them in a force-transmitting manner.
- the reinforcing fibers can be embedded in the form of at least one layer of a non-crimp fabric or woven fabric or bonded to it in a force-transmitting manner.
- the reinforcing fibers can preferably be designed in the form of a lattice, in particular as a lattice-shaped fabric.
- Typical suitable reinforcement fibers are selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, carbon fibers, basalt fibers, aramid fibers or metal fibers.
- suitable carbon fibers are those selected from the group consisting of high modulus carbon fibre, high elongation carbon fibre, and high strength carbon fibre.
- the reinforcement layer can be formed from a fiber composite material comprising a plurality of individual layers.
- Prepregs can be used as layers of the fiber composite material, in particular during production, with the reinforcing fibers already being embedded in a not yet cured duroplastic matrix material or a thermoplastic matrix material.
- the reinforcement layer When providing a reinforcement layer which is made up of several individual layers, it can also be provided that the reinforcement layer has a layer structure which is symmetrical to an imaginary central plane which extends parallel to the plate planes of the plate elements.
- At least one heating element for example an electrical heating element, e.g. as a heating foil, into the reinforcement layer.
- the ceramic plate elements according to the invention typically have a thickness of 3 to 15 mm. Thicknesses of 1 to 10 mm have proven to be suitable for the middle reinforcement layer.
- the ceramic composite panels are large-area elements, for example at least an area of 0.6 m 2 (e.g. 1 mx 0.6 m) or larger, for example at least 1.5 m 2 (e.g. 1 mx 1.5 m). have surface.
- the reinforcement layer is melted on after production in order to achieve an intimate connection with the panel elements.
- This can be done, for example, in an autoclave, in a vacuum bag or in a vacuum press.
- a specific temperature-time profile and/or pressure-time profile can be selected in the autoclave during manufacture.
- a veneer press can also be used to connect the reinforcement layer to the panel elements.
- prepreg fiber composite layers can be introduced as individual layers into the reinforcement layer or the reinforcement layer can be formed from prepreg fiber composite layers, the individual prepreg layers being connected or fused to one another by means of heat and pressure, in particular in an autoclave.
- a polyurethane (PU) adhesive and a mesh fabric can be used in the production of the ceramic composite panel.
- PU polyurethane
- the corresponding elements can be used, for example, as a wall element, as a partition, as a fall protection, as a privacy screen, fence element, as a parapet element, as a structural element, as a construction element, as a door leaf or as a tabletop.
- Particularly relevant applications are applications in swimming pools, shower areas, hotel, living and working areas or outdoors.
- a ceramic composite panel according to the invention with a height of 1.90 m and a width of 1.20 m was produced from two ceramic panel elements each having a thickness of 6 mm.
- the reinforcement layer was an EVA foil that was melted in a vacuum bag.
- the mass was 67 kg.
- the ceramic composite panel was clamped with a narrow side at the base in a steel base with a clamping depth of 10 cm, whereby they were clamped with wooden strips to avoid damage.
- a ceramic composite panel according to the invention with a height of 1.90 m and a width of 1.20 m was produced from two ceramic panel elements each having a thickness of 6 mm.
- the armor layer was formed from a carbon fiber reinforced plastic.
- the mass was 71 kg.
- the ceramic composite panel was clamped with a narrow side at the base in a steel base with a clamping depth of 10 cm, whereby they were clamped with wooden strips to avoid damage.
- the ceramic composite element deformed completely back to its original shape. In the maximum test it came at the Application of a horizontal force of 0.82 kN to a first failure in the area immediately above the clamp. When the ceramic composite element was loaded again, forces in the range of up to 0.75 kN could be repeatedly applied while applying further deflection to the damaged element. The ceramic composite element thus retained its structural integrity and stability after the first fracture occurred. Although a non-reversible plastic deformation of the ceramic composite element occurred after the first fracture, it retained its stability and, in particular, did not tip over.
- a ceramic composite plate according to the invention with a height along a long side of 2.00 m and a width along a short side of 1.20 m was produced from two ceramic plate elements each having a thickness of 6 mm.
- the armor layer was formed from a carbon fiber reinforced plastic.
- the mass was 71 kg.
- the ceramic composite panel was clamped in a line shape along one edge of the short side and along one edge of the long side. Along one edge of the long side, the ceramic composite panel according to the invention was mounted in a line by means of a clamping device formed from steel profiles, the clamping depth of the edge in the clamping device corresponding to 2 cm.
- the ceramic composite panel was clamped with a narrow side at the base in a steel base with a clamping depth of 10 cm, whereby they were clamped with wooden strips to avoid damage.
- a pendulum impact test based on DIN EN 12600 was carried out on the ceramic composite panel according to the invention.
- the pendulum impact test was carried out with a dual tire (mass: 50 kg, tire pressure: 0.35 MPa) at a temperature of 20°C.
- the impact body was swung against the center of the wall element from a fall height of 450 mm. Cracks only developed in the ceramic plate element facing the impact, which corresponded to the requirements and evaluation criteria for fracture behavior described in Section 4 of DIN EN 12600.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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Abstract
Keramikverbundplatte umfassend zwei keramische Plattenelemente (2) und eine Armierungsschicht (3),wobei jedes keramische Plattenelement (2) zwei einander gegenüberliegende Hauptflächen (2a, 2b) und eine Plattenebene (21) umfasst;wobei die Plattenebenen (21) der beiden Plattenelemente (2) parallel zueinander angeordnet und der Zwischenraum zwischen den beiden Plattenelementen (2) durch die Armierungsschicht (3) ausgefüllt ist; undwobei die Armierungsschicht (3) mit je einer Hauptfläche (2a, 2b) der keramischen Plattenelemente (2) verklebt ist.Ceramic composite panel comprising two ceramic panel elements (2) and an armoring layer (3), each ceramic panel element (2) comprising two opposite main surfaces (2a, 2b) and a panel plane (21); the panel planes (21) of the two panel elements (2 ) arranged parallel to each other and the space between the two plate elements (2) is filled by the reinforcing layer (3); andwherein the reinforcing layer (3) is bonded to a respective main surface (2a, 2b) of the ceramic plate elements (2).
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Keramikverbundplatten, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung.The present invention relates to ceramic composite panels, methods for their production and their use.
Keramische Plattenelemente, wie zum Beispiel Feinsteinzeug, Steingut und Steinzeug werden umfangreich im Innen- und Außenbereich als Wand und Bodenbeläge eingesetzt. Solche Elemente sind beliebt, weil sie sich unter anderem durch eine hohe Abriebfestigkeit und vielfältige Oberflächengestaltung auszeichnen.Ceramic plate elements such as fine stoneware, earthenware and stoneware are used extensively indoors and outdoors as wall and floor coverings. Such elements are popular because, among other things, they are characterized by high abrasion resistance and a variety of surface designs.
Typischerweise weisen solche keramischen Plattenelemente zwei einander gegenüberliegende Hauptflächen auf, wobei nur eine der beiden Hauptflächen als dekorativ gestaltete Seite ('Dekorseite') ausgeführt ist, während die gegenüberliegende Hauptfläche durch die Verwendung einer Form zur Herstellung eine geringere Qualität aufweist.Typically, such ceramic tile elements have two opposing major surfaces, with only one of the two major surfaces being designed as a decoratively designed side ('decorative side'), while the opposite major surface is of lower quality due to the use of a mold for manufacture.
Dies ist für die typische Anwendung nicht relevant, weil die weniger ansehnliche Hauptfläche mit der Wand, dem Boden oder mit einem Trägermaterial verklebt wird.This is not relevant for the typical application, because the less attractive main surface is glued to the wall, the floor or to a substrate.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es, weitere Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für keramische Plattenelemente zu schaffen.The object of the present invention was to create further possible applications for ceramic plate elements.
Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch eine Keramikverbundplatte, umfassend zwei keramische Plattenelemente und eine Armierungsschicht, wobei jedes keramische Plattenelement zwei einander gegenüberliegende Hauptflächen und eine Plattenebene umfasst;
- wobei die Plattenebenen der beiden Plattenelemente parallel zueinander angeordnet und der Zwischenraum zwischen den beiden Plattenelementen durch die Armierungsschicht ausgefüllt ist; und
- wobei die Armierungsschicht mit je einer Hauptfläche der keramischen Plattenelemente verklebt ist.
- wherein the plate planes of the two plate elements are arranged parallel to one another and the intermediate space between the two plate elements is filled by the reinforcing layer; and
- wherein the reinforcing layer is bonded to a respective main surface of the ceramic plate elements.
Solche Keramikverbundplatten zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass die beiden Dekorseiten bildenden Hauptflächen außen sein können und durch die mittlere Armierungsschicht die Bruchanfälligkeit verringert werden kann.Such ceramic composite panels are characterized in that the two main surfaces forming the decorative sides can be on the outside and the susceptibility to breakage can be reduced by the middle reinforcement layer.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Keramikverbundplatten können daher auch freistehend, beispielsweise als Trennelemente, eingesetzt werden, also z.B. senkrecht zu Wand und Boden.The ceramic composite panels according to the invention can therefore also be used free-standing, for example as separating elements, e.g. perpendicular to the wall and floor.
Erfindungsgemäß stehen beide keramischen Plattenelemente mit einer gemeinsamen Armierungsschicht in Verbindung. Es gibt also nur Grenzschichten Plattenelement - Armierungsschicht - Plattenelement.According to the invention, both ceramic plate elements are connected to a common reinforcement layer. So there are only boundary layers plate element - reinforcement layer - plate element.
Die
Die
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die keramischen Plattenelemente ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Feinsteinzeug, Steingut, und Steinzeug.In a preferred embodiment, the ceramic plate elements are selected from the group consisting of fine stoneware, earthenware and stoneware.
In einer Ausführungsform umfasst die Armierungsschicht ausschließlich ein Kunststoffmaterial. Das Kunststoffmaterial ist bevorzugt ungeschäumt. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform umfasst die Armierungsschicht Fasern.In one embodiment, the reinforcement layer exclusively comprises a plastic material. The plastic material is preferably unfoamed. In a further embodiment, the reinforcement layer comprises fibers.
In einer Ausführungsform umfasst die Armierungsschicht Verstärkungsfasern und eine Matrix. Die Matrix umschließt die Verstärkungsfasern allseitig, so dass diese in der Matrix eingebettet vorliegen, weiterhin steht das Matrixmaterial unmittelbar mit den zueinander zeigenden Hauptflächen der Plattenelemente in Kontakt. Die beiden anderen Hauptflächen der Plattenelemente liegen frei, sind also sichtbar.In one embodiment, the armor layer includes reinforcing fibers and a matrix. The matrix encloses the reinforcing fibers on all sides, so that they are embedded in the matrix, and the matrix material is also in direct contact with the main surfaces of the plate elements that point toward one another. The other two main surfaces of the plate elements are exposed, so they are visible.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird die Armierungsschicht zumindest anteilig aus einem Kunststoff gebildet.In a preferred embodiment, the reinforcement layer is formed at least partially from a plastic.
Ein geeigneter Kunststoff ist insbesondere ein Thermoplast oder ein Duroplast.A suitable plastic is in particular a thermoplastic or a thermoset.
Der Kunststoff kann zum Beispiel ein Schmelzkleber oder ein Kunstharz sein. Der die Armierungsschicht zumindest anteilig ausbildende Kunststoff kann insbesondere in Folienform, bevorzugt als Polyvinylchlorid (PVC)-Folie, oder besonders bevorzugt als Polyvinylbutyral (PVB)-Folie bereitgestellt werden.The plastic can be a hot-melt adhesive or a synthetic resin, for example. The plastic that at least partially forms the reinforcement layer can be provided in particular in the form of a film, preferably as a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, or particularly preferably as a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film.
Typische geeignete Kunststoffe sind solche ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymer, Polyvinylbutyral, Epoxidharz, und Poly(meth)acrylaten.Typical suitable plastics are those selected from the group consisting of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, epoxy resin, and poly(meth)acrylates.
Die Armierungsschicht kann einschichtig sein oder sie kann aus mehreren miteinander verbundenen Einzellagen gebildet werden.The reinforcement layer can be a single layer or it can be formed from several individual layers connected to one another.
Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Armierungsschicht zumindest anteilig aus mindestens einer Kunststofffolie gebildet ist.Provision can be made for the reinforcement layer to be formed at least partially from at least one plastic film.
Die Armierungsschicht kann weiterhin kleiner als die Abmessungen der Hauptflächen der keramischen Plattenelemente zur Ausbildung zumindest einer umfangsmäßig abschnittsweisen Fuge an zumindest einer Stirnfläche der Keramikverbundplatte ausgeführt werden. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist die Armierungsschicht in zumindest einem Abschnitt mindestens einer Stirnfläche gegenüber den Plattenelementen zur Ausbildung einer Fuge in Form eines Zwischenraums zwischen den beiden gegenüberliegen Plattenelementen zurückgezogen ausgeführt.The reinforcement layer can also be made smaller than the dimensions of the main surfaces of the ceramic plate elements in order to form at least one circumferentially sectional joint on at least one end face of the ceramic composite plate. In this embodiment, the reinforcement layer is designed to be retracted in at least one section of at least one end face relative to the panel elements to form a joint in the form of an intermediate space between the two opposite panel elements.
Die mindestens eine Fuge im Bereich zumindest einer Stirnfläche kann zumindest abschnittsweise mit einer Fugenfüllmasse, besonders bevorzugt mit einer Dichtmasse verfugt ist. Als Dichtmasse kann beispielsweise eine elastische Dichtmasse, wie beispielsweise eine dauerelastische Silikondichtmasse, Epoxidharzfugenmasse oder Polymer-Klebstoff Verwendung finden. Durch die Verwendung einer Fugenmasse kann die der Bewitterung bzw. den Umgebungsbedingungen ausgesetzte Fläche der Armierungsschicht geschützt bzw. abgedichtet werden derart, dass beispielsweise kein Regenwasser in den Bereich der Armierungsschicht bzw. allgemein in den Bereich des Zwischenraums zwischen den Platenelementen gelangen kann.The at least one joint in the area of at least one end face can be jointed at least in sections with a joint filling compound, particularly preferably with a sealing compound. An elastic sealing compound, such as a permanently elastic silicone sealing compound, epoxy resin joint compound or polymer adhesive, for example, can be used as the sealing compound. By using a joint compound, the surface of the reinforcement layer exposed to the weather or ambient conditions can be protected or sealed in such a way that, for example, no rainwater can get into the area of the reinforcement layer or generally into the area of the space between the panel elements.
Erfindungsgemäß kann die Armierungsschicht zumindest anteilig aus einem Gittergewebe gebildet werden bzw. ein Gittergewebe umfassen.According to the invention, the reinforcement layer can be formed at least partially from a woven mesh or can comprise a woven mesh.
In einigen Ausführungsformen sind zumindest in Teilbereichen der Armierungsschicht Verstärkungsfasern eingebracht und/oder an dieser kraftübertragend angebunden.In some embodiments, reinforcing fibers are introduced at least in partial areas of the reinforcement layer and/or are bonded to them in a force-transmitting manner.
Die Verstärkungsfasern können in Form von mindestens einer Schicht eines Geleges oder Gewebes eingebettet oder kraftübertragend an diese angebunden sein.The reinforcing fibers can be embedded in the form of at least one layer of a non-crimp fabric or woven fabric or bonded to it in a force-transmitting manner.
Bevorzugt können die Verstärkungsfasern gitterförmiges ausgebildet werden, insbesondere als gitterförmiges Gewebe.
Typische geeignete Verstärkungsfasern werden ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Glasfasern, Kohlefasern, Basaltfasern, Aramidfasern oder Metallfasern.The reinforcing fibers can preferably be designed in the form of a lattice, in particular as a lattice-shaped fabric.
Typical suitable reinforcement fibers are selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, carbon fibers, basalt fibers, aramid fibers or metal fibers.
Soweit Kohlefasern eingesetzt werden, sind geeignete Kohlfasern solche, die ausgewählt werden aus der Gruppe bestehend aus hochmodulige Kohlefaser, hochdehnbare Kohlefaser, und hochfeste Kohlefaser.Where carbon fibers are used, suitable carbon fibers are those selected from the group consisting of high modulus carbon fibre, high elongation carbon fibre, and high strength carbon fibre.
In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen kann die Armierungsschicht aus einem Faserverbundwerkstoff umfassend mehrere Einzelschichten gebildet werden.In preferred embodiments, the reinforcement layer can be formed from a fiber composite material comprising a plurality of individual layers.
Als Schichten des Faserverbundwerkstoffes können insbesondere bei der Herstellung Prepregs ('preimpregnated fibres') genutzt werden, wobei die Verstärkungsfasern bereits in einer noch nicht ausgehärteten duroplastischen Matrixwerkstoff oder einem thermoplastischen Matrixwerkstoff eingebettet vorliegen.Prepregs ('preimpregnated fibres') can be used as layers of the fiber composite material, in particular during production, with the reinforcing fibers already being embedded in a not yet cured duroplastic matrix material or a thermoplastic matrix material.
Bei der Vorsehung einer Armierungsschicht, welche aus mehreren Einzelschichten aufgebaut ist, kann es weiterhin vorgesehen werden, einen zu einer gedachten Mittelebene, welche sich parallel zu den Plattenebenen der Plattenelemente erstreckt, der Armierungsschicht symmetrischen Lagenaufbau vorzusehen.When providing a reinforcement layer which is made up of several individual layers, it can also be provided that the reinforcement layer has a layer structure which is symmetrical to an imaginary central plane which extends parallel to the plate planes of the plate elements.
Es kann vorteilhaft sein, in die Armierungsschicht mindestens ein Heizelement, beispielsweise ein elektrisches Heizelement, z.B. als Heizfolie, einzubinden.It can be advantageous to integrate at least one heating element, for example an electrical heating element, e.g. as a heating foil, into the reinforcement layer.
Die erfindungsgemäßen keramischen Plattenelemente weisen typischerweise eine Stärke von 3 bis 15 mm auf. Für die mittlere Armierungsschicht haben sich Stärken von 1 bis 10 mm als geeignet erwiesen.The ceramic plate elements according to the invention typically have a thickness of 3 to 15 mm. Thicknesses of 1 to 10 mm have proven to be suitable for the middle reinforcement layer.
Besonders sinnvoll ist es, wenn die Keramikverbundplatten großflächige Elemente sind, beispielsweise mindestens eine Fläche von 0,6 m2 (z.B. 1 m x 0,6 m) oder größer, beispielsweise mindestens 1,5 m2 (z.B. 1 m x 1,5 m ) Fläche aufweisen.It is particularly useful if the ceramic composite panels are large-area elements, for example at least an area of 0.6 m 2 (e.g. 1 mx 0.6 m) or larger, for example at least 1.5 m 2 (e.g. 1 mx 1.5 m). have surface.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Elemente können hergestellt werden durch die Schritte:
- Bereitstellen eines ersten keramischen Plattenelementes
- Aufbringen einer Armierungsschicht auf eine Hauptfläche des Plattenelementes
- Abdecken der Armierungsschicht mit einem zweiten keramischen Plattenelement.
- providing a first ceramic plate element
- Application of a reinforcement layer to a main surface of the panel element
- Covering the reinforcement layer with a second ceramic plate element.
In einer Ausführungsform wird die Armierungsschicht nach der Herstellung aufgeschmolzen, um eine innige Verbindung mit den Plattenelementen zu erreichen. Dies kann zum Beispiel in einem Autoklaven erfolgen, in einem Vakuumsack oder einer Vakuumpresse. In dem Autoklaven kann während der Herstellung ein spezifisches Temperatur-Zeit-Profil und/oder Druck-Zeit-Profil gewählt werden. Alternativ kann weiterhin eine Furnierpresse eingesetzt werden, um die Verbindung der Armierungsschicht mit den Plattenelementen herzustellen.In one embodiment, the reinforcement layer is melted on after production in order to achieve an intimate connection with the panel elements. This can be done, for example, in an autoclave, in a vacuum bag or in a vacuum press. A specific temperature-time profile and/or pressure-time profile can be selected in the autoclave during manufacture. Alternatively, a veneer press can also be used to connect the reinforcement layer to the panel elements.
Bei der Herstellung der Armierungsschicht können Prepreg Faserverbundlagen als Einzellagen in die Armierungsschicht eingebracht werden oder die Armierungsschicht aus Prepreg Faserverbundlagen gebildet werden, wobei die Prepreg-Einzellagen mittels Hitze und Druck, insbesondere im Autoklaven miteinander verbunden bzw. verschmolzen werden.When producing the reinforcement layer, prepreg fiber composite layers can be introduced as individual layers into the reinforcement layer or the reinforcement layer can be formed from prepreg fiber composite layers, the individual prepreg layers being connected or fused to one another by means of heat and pressure, in particular in an autoclave.
Bei der Herstellung der Keramikverbundplatte kann z.B. ein Polyurethan (PU) Kleber und ein Gittergewebe genutzt werden.For example, a polyurethane (PU) adhesive and a mesh fabric can be used in the production of the ceramic composite panel.
Die entsprechenden Elemente können beispielsweise als Wandelement, als Trennwand, als Absturzsicherung, als Sichtschutz, Zaunelement, als Brüstungselement, als Bauelement, als Konstruktionselement, als Türblatt oder als Tischplatte verwendet werden.The corresponding elements can be used, for example, as a wall element, as a partition, as a fall protection, as a privacy screen, fence element, as a parapet element, as a structural element, as a construction element, as a door leaf or as a tabletop.
Besonders relevante Anwendungen sind Anwendungen in Schwimmbädern, Duschbereichen, Hotel-, Wohn- und Arbeitsbereiche oder im Außenbereich.Particularly relevant applications are applications in swimming pools, shower areas, hotel, living and working areas or outdoors.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Keramikverbundplatte mit einer Höhe von 1,90 m und einer Breite von 1,20 m wurde aus zwei keramischen Plattenelementen mit einer Dicke von jeweils 6 mm hergestellt. Die Armierungsschicht war ein EVA-Folie, die in einem Vakuumsack aufgeschmolzen wurde. Die Masse betrug 67 kg. Die Keramikverbundplatte wurde mit einer schmalen Seite am Fußpunkt in einen Stahlsockel eingespannt, mit einer Einspanntiefe von 10 cm, wobei sie durch zur Vermeidung von Beschädigungen mit Holzleisten eingespannt wurden.A ceramic composite panel according to the invention with a height of 1.90 m and a width of 1.20 m was produced from two ceramic panel elements each having a thickness of 6 mm. The reinforcement layer was an EVA foil that was melted in a vacuum bag. The mass was 67 kg. The ceramic composite panel was clamped with a narrow side at the base in a steel base with a clamping depth of 10 cm, whereby they were clamped with wooden strips to avoid damage.
Mit Hilfe einer Stahltraverse in einer Höhe von 5 cm wurde über die Plattenbreite an der Oberseite der Keramikverbundplatte eine Kraft aufgebracht. Es wurden folgende Tests durchgeführt:
Belastung auf 0,2 kN:Lasthaltezeit 2 Minuten, Entlastung für 30 SekundenBelastung auf 0,4 kN:Lasthaltezeit 2 Minuten, Entlastung für 30 Sekunden- Belastung der Keramikverbundplatte bis zu deren Versagen.
- Load to 0.2 kN: load holding
time 2 minutes, relief for 30 seconds - Load to 0.4 kN: load holding
time 2 minutes, relief for 30 seconds - Stress on the ceramic composite panel until it fails.
In den ersten beiden Versuchen verformte sich das Keramikverbundelement wieder vollständig in die Ursprungsform zurück. Im Maximaltest brach bei einer Horizontalkraft von 0,6 kN das Element unmittelbar oberhalb der Einspannung. Abgeschätzt entspricht dies einer Windstärke von 11 Bft.In the first two tests, the ceramic composite element deformed completely back to its original shape. In the maximum test broke at one Horizontal force of 0.6 kN on the element directly above the clamp. This is estimated to correspond to a wind force of 11 Bft.
Obwohl die Platte bei der Verformung brach, zeigte sie nicht das für keramische Plattenelemente typische Splittern, sondern behielt im Wesentlichen ihre Integrität.Although the panel fractured upon deformation, it did not exhibit the chipping typical of ceramic panel members, but essentially retained its integrity.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Keramikverbundplatte mit einer Höhe von 1,90 m und einer Breite von 1,20 m wurde aus zwei keramischen Plattenelementen mit einer Dicke von jeweils 6 mm hergestellt. Die Armierungsschicht war aus einem kohlefaserverstärkten Kunststoff gebildet. Die Masse betrug 71 kg. Die Keramikverbundplatte wurde mit einer schmalen Seite am Fußpunkt in einen Stahlsockel eingespannt, mit einer Einspanntiefe von 10 cm, wobei sie durch zur Vermeidung von Beschädigungen mit Holzleisten eingespannt wurden.A ceramic composite panel according to the invention with a height of 1.90 m and a width of 1.20 m was produced from two ceramic panel elements each having a thickness of 6 mm. The armor layer was formed from a carbon fiber reinforced plastic. The mass was 71 kg. The ceramic composite panel was clamped with a narrow side at the base in a steel base with a clamping depth of 10 cm, whereby they were clamped with wooden strips to avoid damage.
Mit Hilfe einer Stahltraverse in einer Höhe von 5 cm wurde über die Plattenbreite an der Oberseite der Keramikverbundplatte eine Kraft aufgebracht. Es wurden folgende Tests durchgeführt:
Belastung auf 0,2 kN:Lasthaltezeit 2 Minuten, Entlastung für 30 SekundenBelastung auf 0,4 kN:Lasthaltezeit 2 Minuten, Entlastung für 30 Sekunden- Belastung auf 0,6 kN:
Lasthaltezeit 2 Minuten, Entlastung für 30 Sekunden - Belastung der Keramikverbundplatte bis zu dem Auftreten von Versagen.
- Load to 0.2 kN: load holding
time 2 minutes, relief for 30 seconds - Load to 0.4 kN: load holding
time 2 minutes, relief for 30 seconds - Load to 0.6 kN: load holding
time 2 minutes, relief for 30 seconds - Loading the ceramic composite panel until failure occurs.
In den ersten drei Versuchen verformte sich das Keramikverbundelement wieder vollständig in die Ursprungsform zurück. Im Maximaltest kam es bei der Aufbringung einer Horizontalkraft in der Höhe von 0,82 kN zu einem ersten Versagen im Bereich unmittelbar oberhalb der Einspannung. Bei der erneuten Belastung des Keramikverbundelementes konnte unter Aufbringung einer weiteren Durchbiegung auf das geschädigte Element wiederholt Kräfte im Bereich bis 0,75 kN aufgebracht werden. Das Keramikverbundelement behielt somit nach dem ersten Bruchgeschehen seine strukturelle Integrität und Standfestigkeit, nach dem ersten Bruch trat zwar eine nicht reversible plastische Verformung des Keramikverbundelementes auf, jedoch behielt diese ihre Standfestigkeit und kippte insbesondere nicht um.In the first three tests, the ceramic composite element deformed completely back to its original shape. In the maximum test it came at the Application of a horizontal force of 0.82 kN to a first failure in the area immediately above the clamp. When the ceramic composite element was loaded again, forces in the range of up to 0.75 kN could be repeatedly applied while applying further deflection to the damaged element. The ceramic composite element thus retained its structural integrity and stability after the first fracture occurred. Although a non-reversible plastic deformation of the ceramic composite element occurred after the first fracture, it retained its stability and, in particular, did not tip over.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Keramikverbundplatte mit einer Höhe entlang einer Iangen Seite von 2,00 m und einer Breite entlang einer kurzen Seite von 1,20 m wurde aus zwei keramischen Plattenelementen mit einer Dicke von jeweils 6 mm hergestellt. Die Armierungsschicht war aus einem kohlefaserverstärkten Kunststoff gebildet. Die Masse betrug 71 kg. Die Keramikverbundplatte wurde entlang einer Kante der Querseite sowie entlang einer Kante der Längsseite Ii-nienförmig eingespannt. Entlang einer Kante der langen Seite wurde die erfindungsgemäße Keramikverbundplatte linienförmig mittels einer Klemmvorrichtung gebildet aus Stahlprofilen gelagert, wobei die Einspanntiefe der Kante in der Klemmvorrichtung 2 cm entsprach. Die Keramikverbundplatte wurde mit einer schmalen Seite am Fußpunkt in einen Stahlsockel eingespannt, mit einer Einspanntiefe von 10 cm, wobei sie durch zur Vermeidung von Beschädigungen mit Holzleisten eingespannt wurden.
Es wurde eine Pendelschlagprüfung an der erfindungsgemäßen Keramikverbundplatte in Anlehnung an die DIN EN 12600 durchgeführt.A ceramic composite plate according to the invention with a height along a long side of 2.00 m and a width along a short side of 1.20 m was produced from two ceramic plate elements each having a thickness of 6 mm. The armor layer was formed from a carbon fiber reinforced plastic. The mass was 71 kg. The ceramic composite panel was clamped in a line shape along one edge of the short side and along one edge of the long side. Along one edge of the long side, the ceramic composite panel according to the invention was mounted in a line by means of a clamping device formed from steel profiles, the clamping depth of the edge in the clamping device corresponding to 2 cm. The ceramic composite panel was clamped with a narrow side at the base in a steel base with a clamping depth of 10 cm, whereby they were clamped with wooden strips to avoid damage.
A pendulum impact test based on DIN EN 12600 was carried out on the ceramic composite panel according to the invention.
Abweichungen von DIN EN 12600:
- Bei dem Prüfkörper handelte es sich um ein keramisches Bauprodukt
- Die Probekörperabmessungen und die Lagerung wichen von den geforderten Abmessungen und Anforderungen der Norm ab
- Es wurde lediglich ein Probekörper bei einer Stoßbeanspruchung von 450 mm. Fallhöhe untersucht
- Auf eine Kalibrierung der Versuchseinrichtung zu Versuchsbeginn wurde verzichtet
- The test specimen was a ceramic construction product
- The test specimen dimensions and storage deviated from the required dimensions and requirements of the standard
- Only one specimen was subjected to an impact load of 450 mm. height of fall examined
- The test facility was not calibrated at the beginning of the test
Die Pendelschlagprüfung wurde mit einem Zwillingsreifen (Masse: 50 kg, Reifendruck: 0,35 MPa) bei einer Temperatur von 20°C durchgeführt. In dem Anprallversuch wurde der Stoßkörper aus einer Fallhöhe von 450 mm gegen den Mittelpunkt des Wandelementes geschwungen. Dabei entstanden lediglich in dem stoßzugewandten keramischen Plattenelement Risse, die den in Abschnitt 4 der DIN EN 12600 beschriebenen Anforderungen und Bewertungskriterien an das Bruchverhalten entsprachen.The pendulum impact test was carried out with a dual tire (mass: 50 kg, tire pressure: 0.35 MPa) at a temperature of 20°C. In the impact test, the impact body was swung against the center of the wall element from a fall height of 450 mm. Cracks only developed in the ceramic plate element facing the impact, which corresponded to the requirements and evaluation criteria for fracture behavior described in
Claims (15)
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008003276A2 (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-10 | Ducostone Gmbh | Plate-shaped structural component |
| DE202008005770U1 (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2008-12-24 | Ernst Basler + Partner Ag | wall construction |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008003276A2 (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-10 | Ducostone Gmbh | Plate-shaped structural component |
| DE202008005770U1 (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2008-12-24 | Ernst Basler + Partner Ag | wall construction |
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