EP4077789B1 - Method for producing spun-bonded fabric - Google Patents
Method for producing spun-bonded fabric Download PDFInfo
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- EP4077789B1 EP4077789B1 EP20821214.2A EP20821214A EP4077789B1 EP 4077789 B1 EP4077789 B1 EP 4077789B1 EP 20821214 A EP20821214 A EP 20821214A EP 4077789 B1 EP4077789 B1 EP 4077789B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spunbonded nonwoven
- washing
- conveying device
- spunbonded
- filaments
- Prior art date
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/013—Regenerated cellulose series
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
- D04H3/03—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
- D04H3/11—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing spunbonded nonwoven fabric, in which a spinning mass is extruded through the nozzle holes of at least one spinneret to form filaments, the filaments are stretched in the extrusion direction and deposited on a first conveyor device to form the spunbonded nonwoven fabric, and in which the spunbonded nonwoven fabric is subjected to at least one washing.
- the state of the art includes the production of spunbonded nonwovens using the spunbond process and the meltblown process.
- spunbond process e.g. GB 2 114 052 A or EP 3 088 585 A1
- the filaments are extruded through a nozzle and drawn off and stretched by a stretching unit underneath.
- meltblown process e.g. US 5,080,569 A , US 4,380,570 A or US 5,695,377 A
- the extruded filaments are entrained and stretched by hot, fast process air as they exit the nozzle.
- the filaments are laid down in a random position on a storage surface, such as a perforated conveyor belt, to form a nonwoven fabric, transported to post-processing steps and finally wound up as nonwoven rolls.
- washing is generally not necessary, as the spinning process is so-called "dry", whereby any solvents used evaporate from the spunbonded nonwoven after the calender or dryer.
- the spunbond is wound into rolls immediately after extrusion and depositing.
- the throughput is usually limited by the length of the washing, as the spunbonds have to be washed out of the Solvents must reach certain residence times in the wash.
- the US 2019/0264356 A1 refers to a process and an apparatus for producing cellulosic spunbonded webs which are directly formed from a lyocell spinning solution and in particular to the washing of directly formed cellulosic webs.
- the water jet entanglement of the spunbonded nonwoven immediately after the filaments have been deposited results in the freshly extruded filaments being pressed and partially sucked into the drum under vacuum. This also makes it easier for the spunbonded nonwoven to be released from the drum. This makes it more difficult, which leads to further tears and defects in the spunbond.
- the structural changes introduced into the spunbond during the hydroentanglement process are completely or partially removed by the subsequent coagulation baths and the associated swelling of the spunbond. This makes it much more difficult to specifically adjust the mechanical and structural properties of the spunbond produced.
- the spunbond laid in loops can only be transported through the coagulation bath at low conveying speeds, as the buoyancy of the spunbond in the coagulation bath creates a great deal of resistance against the spunbond. An increase in throughput is therefore not possible without drastic losses in quality.
- the invention therefore has the object of improving a process for producing spunbonded nonwoven fabric of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the throughput of the process can be increased in a cost-effective and simple manner without impairing the quality of the spunbonded nonwoven fabric.
- the object is achieved in that the spunbonded fabric of the laundry is at least partially subjected to a perforated second conveyor device with a lower conveying speed than the first conveyor device, wherein the spunbonded fabric in the laundry is sprayed with washing liquid and the washing liquid is at least partially discharged through the perforated second conveyor device.
- the spunbonded fabric is subjected to washing at least partially on a second conveyor system with a lower conveying speed than the first conveyor system, i.e. if the conveying speed of the spunbonded fabric during at least part of the washing is reduced compared to the conveying speed of the spunbonded fabric before washing, the residence time of the spunbonded fabric in the washing can be increased in a simple manner without providing for a costly longer washing.
- a spunbonded fabric with a predefined basis weight can be obtained, whereby the quality of the spunbonded fabric obtained, in particular its residual solvent content after washing, is improved.
- the conveying speed which, as shown above, results from the spinning mass throughput and the desired basis weight, can be completely decoupled from the conveying speed of the laundry. This allows the length of the laundry, the length of the system or the building and thus also the costs of setting up and operating a system to carry out the method to be significantly reduced.
- the reliability and efficiency of the laundry process can be further improved.
- the supported transport of the spunbond by the second conveyor system during washing can ensure reliable and efficient washing even at high conveying speeds, as there is no buoyancy or water resistance acting on the spunbond compared to washing in a bath.
- Such buoyancy or water resistance in a laundry bath can lead to tangling or clumping in the spunbond at high conveying speeds, for example from 100 m/min to 500 m/min, and thus to the spunbond becoming unusable. This is particularly the case if the spunbond has a lower conveying speed during washing than before washing, as the lower conveying speed causes the spunbond to be too long in the laundry and the overly long spunbond can be reliably held on the second conveyor system by spraying it with washing liquid.
- the spunbond By directly draining the washing liquid via the perforated second conveyor, the spunbond can be prevented from sagging and from swelling too much.
- a spunbond completely soaked in washing liquid can absorb 10 to 15 times its own weight in liquid.
- spunbonds that have never been dried have very low strength, such complete soaking of the spunbond leads to further structural weakening and thus to increased tears, which prevents reliable further transport.
- the washing according to the invention can therefore increase the throughput of the process without negatively affecting the quality of the spunbond produced.
- the spunbonded nonwoven fabric can have a liquid content of less than 5 kg/kg after washing, based on its dry weight.
- the liquid content can be less than 4 kg/kg, or in yet another preferred embodiment, less than 3 kg/kg.
- the low liquid content allows the internal structure and stability of the spunbonded nonwoven fabric to be retained, which means that transport remains possible even at high conveying speeds.
- a spunbonded nonwoven fabric within the meaning of the present disclosure is understood to mean a nonwoven fabric which is formed directly by laying down extruded filaments, wherein the filaments are essentially continuous filaments and are laid down in a random position to form the spunbonded nonwoven fabric.
- a conveying device in the sense of the present invention can be understood as all devices that are suitable for conveying or transporting the spunbonded fabric at a certain conveying speed.
- a conveying device can be, for example, a conveyor belt, a conveyor drum, conveyor rollers or the like.
- the conveying devices are designed as conveyor belts.
- the conveying speed of the second conveyor is reduced by a factor of between 1 and 1000 compared to the first conveyor.
- the throughput can be doubled with the same basis weight and the same length of the laundry, or the effectiveness of the laundry can be significantly improved.
- doubling the residence time in the laundry increases efficiency in a superlinear manner and, for example, leads to a reduction in solvent residues in the finished spunbonded fabric by a factor of 4 to 8.
- the conveying speed before the laundry is reduced by a factor of between 1 and 100, or particularly preferably by a factor of between 1 and 25.
- the reproducibility of the process can also be further improved if the spunbond is laid down in loops on the second conveyor. This makes it particularly easy to react to the reduction in the conveyor speed during the wash.
- the loops can essentially have parallel, superimposed sections on the spunbond, which enable the spunbond to be washed efficiently and can be pulled apart again after washing without damage. After washing, the loops can be pulled apart again using a faster conveyor.
- the spunbonded fabric can preferably be deposited on the second conveyor immediately after the spunbonded fabric has been deposited and formed on the first conveyor.
- "immediately after depositing” means that no further treatment steps of the spunbonded fabric on the first conveyor are provided between the depositing and formation of the spunbonded fabric on the first conveyor and the depositing on the second conveyor.
- the spunbonded fabric can preferably be placed on the second conveyor before washing, particularly preferably immediately before washing. A reduction in the conveying speed of the spunbond therefore takes place before washing or immediately before washing.
- "immediately before washing” means that no further treatment steps of the spunbond on the second conveyor are planned before washing.
- the spunbond can therefore preferably run through the entire wash on the second conveyor.
- the spunbonded fabric can undergo further treatment steps on a third conveyor device with a higher conveying speed than the second conveyor device.
- the spunbonded fabric can be laid down on the third conveyor device, whereby - as previously described - the excess length of the spunbonded fabric or any loops formed in it can be unraveled again and the spunbonded fabric can be further treated again at a higher conveying speed.
- the third conveyor device preferably has essentially the same conveying speed as the first conveyor device.
- the conveying speed of the third conveyor is increased by a factor of between 1 and 1000 compared to the second conveyor, a particularly versatile process can be provided which allows direct further processing of the spunbond after washing at a higher conveying speed. In this way, the spunbond after washing can preferably be accelerated again to the same conveying speed as before washing and can undergo further treatment steps.
- the conveying speed of the third conveyor is preferably increased by a factor of between 1 and 100 compared to the second conveyor, particularly preferably by a factor of between 1 and 25.
- Hydroentanglement can preferably be carried out at the original conveying speed of the spunbonded nonwoven, since this does not require longer dwell times compared to washing.
- hydroentanglement after washing allows for particularly reliable control of the structural and internal properties of the spunbond.
- hydroentanglement can be used to permanently imprint patterns or perforations that remain in the finished spunbond.
- the spunbonded nonwoven can be dried to obtain a finished spunbonded nonwoven.
- the finished spunbonded nonwoven can then optionally be wound up into rolls in a winding device.
- the efficiency of the laundry can be further improved if the laundry is a multi-stage countercurrent wash.
- the washing liquid used for the laundry in particular water, circulates in several washing stages, with fresh washing liquid being added at the end of the laundry and discharged via the perforated second conveyor device and successively passed on to the upstream washing stages in the same way, and with the used washing liquid being discharged at the beginning of the laundry.
- the throughput of the process can be further increased if, in addition, the spinning mass is extruded into filaments through at least a first spinneret and a second spinneret, wherein the filaments of the first spinneret are deposited on the first conveyor to form a first spunbonded fabric and the filaments of the second spinneret are deposited on the first conveyor to form a second spunbonded fabric, wherein the filaments of the second spinneret are deposited on the first conveyor to form the second spunbonded fabric above the first spunbonded fabric to obtain a multi-layer spunbonded fabric.
- the throughput of the process can be increased in a simple manner, since at least two spinnerets are provided for the simultaneous formation of at least two spunbonded webs, but the multi-layer spunbonded web formed in this way can be further processed with the existing means instead of a single spunbonded web.
- the second spinneret is preferably arranged downstream of the first spinneret in the conveying direction of the first conveyor device.
- the multi-layer spunbonded fabric formed in this way consists of the first and second spunbonded fabric, with the second spunbonded fabric being arranged above the first.
- the first and second spunbonded fabric can be connected to one another in such a way (for example by adhesion) that the multi-layer spunbonded fabric forms a unit that can undergo further process steps, but can be separated again into these essentially without structural damage to the first and second spunbonded fabrics.
- the multi-layer spunbonded nonwoven is separated into at least the first and second spunbonded nonwoven in a subsequent step, at least two independent spunbonded nonwovens can be obtained again in the course of the process.
- a cost-effective process for producing spunbonded nonwovens with increased throughput can thus be created.
- the spinning mass can also be extruded into filaments through a third and further spinnerets and the filaments can be stretched in the extrusion direction, whereby the filaments of the third spinneret are deposited on the first conveyor device above the second spunbonded nonwoven to form a third spunbond in order to obtain the multi-layer spunbond, or the filaments of the further spinnerets are deposited on the first conveyor device above the preceding spunbond in order to obtain the multi-layer spunbond.
- Such a multilayer spunbonded fabric can comprise a large number of spunbonded fabrics, which can be separated from one another again in a later process step.
- the multi-layer spunbonded nonwoven is subjected to at least one treatment step before it is separated into at least the first and second spunbonded nonwoven.
- the first and second spunbonded nonwoven can be treated together in the form of the multi-layer spunbonded nonwoven, thus significantly increasing the throughput of the process compared to separate treatment of the spunbonded nonwovens.
- the at least one treatment step of the multi-layer spunbonded nonwoven is the washing according to the invention on the second conveyor device with a reduced conveying speed compared to the first conveyor device.
- the method according to the invention with joint washing of the first and second spunbonded nonwoven in the multi-layer spunbonded nonwoven can significantly reduce the length of the washing or increase the throughput.
- the method according to the invention can be characterized by high flexibility if the spunbond is a multi-layer spunbond, with at least two spinnerets arranged one behind the other being provided, so that the filaments extruded from the respective spinnerets each form a spunbond layer, which are laid on top of each other in such a way that the multi-layer spunbond is produced.
- the multi-layer spunbond can then nevertheless can be reliably washed using the method according to the invention at a reduced conveying speed.
- the reliability of the process can be further increased if the filaments are stretched using a stretching air stream after they have been extruded from the spinneret. This allows the extrusion and stretching conditions of the filaments to be controlled in a targeted manner and thus the internal properties of the spunbonded fabric to be adjusted.
- the stretching air stream is directed from the respective spinneret onto the extruded filaments.
- the stretching air stream can have a pressure of 0.05 bar to 5 bar, preferably 0.1 bar to 3 bar, particularly preferably 0.2 bar to 1 bar.
- the stretching air stream can further have a temperature of 20 °C to 200 °C, preferably from 60 °C to 160 °C, particularly preferably from 80 °C to 140 °C.
- the process according to the invention can be particularly suitable for the production of cellulosic spunbonded nonwovens, wherein the spinning mass is a lyocell spinning mass, i.e. a solution of cellulose in a direct solvent for cellulose.
- Such a direct solvent for cellulose is a solvent in which the cellulose is dissolved in non-derivatized form.
- This can preferably be a mixture of a tertiary amine oxide, such as NMMO (N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide), and water.
- NMMO N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide
- ionic liquids or mixtures with water are also suitable as direct solvents.
- the content of cellulose in the spinning mass can be 3 wt.% to 17 wt.%, in preferred embodiments 5 wt.% to 15 wt.%, and in particularly preferred embodiments 6 wt.% to 14 wt.%.
- the process according to the invention results in numerous improvements and advantages with regard to the economic efficiency of the production plant, the operation of the plant and product quality. Since several loops offset in parallel can be washed at the same time, the conveying speed of the spunbonded fabric can be significantly reduced during washing. The lower conveying speed reduces both the costs and the complexity of the production plant.
- the spunbonded nonwoven fabric deposited in parallel loops at a reduced conveying speed can be washed with greater efficiency. than a spunbond with a higher and not reduced conveying speed. Even after a multi-stage countercurrent wash, the loops can be dissolved again without being damaged and the spunbond can be accelerated back to the original conveying speed.
- the throughput of cellulose per spinneret can preferably be between 5 kg/h per meter of spinneret length and 500 kg/h per meter of spinneret length.
- the basis weight of the spunbonded nonwoven is between 5 g/m 2 (gsm) and 500 g/m 2 , preferably 10 g/m 2 to 250 g/m 2 , particularly preferably 15 g/m 2 to 100 g/m 2 .
- the conveying speed of the spunbonded fabric during deposition or the conveying speed of the first conveying device can preferably be between 1 m/min and 2000 m/min, preferably 10 m/min to 1000 m/min, particularly preferably 15 m/min to 500 m/min.
- the internal structure of the spunbonded nonwoven fabric can also be reliably controlled if the filaments extruded and stretched from the spinneret are partially coagulated.
- a coagulation air stream containing a coagulation liquid can be assigned to the spinneret for at least partial coagulation of the filaments, whereby the internal structure of the spunbonded fabric can be controlled in a targeted manner.
- a coagulation air stream can preferably be a fluid containing water and/or coagulant, e.g. gas, mist, steam, etc.
- the coagulation liquid is a mixture of water and a direct solvent for cellulose.
- the coagulation liquid can be a mixture of demineralized water and 0 wt.% to 40 wt.% NMMO, preferably 10 wt.% to 30 wt.% NMMO, particularly preferably 15 wt.% to 25 wt.% NMMO.
- the amount of coagulation liquid can preferably be 50 l/h to 10,000 l/h, more preferably 100 l/h to 5,000 l/h, particularly preferably 500 l/h to 2,500 l/h per meter of coagulation nozzle.
- the spinnerets of the method according to the invention or the device according to the invention can preferably be known from the prior art ( US 3,825,380 A , US 4,380,570 A , WO 2019/068764 A1 ) single-row slot nozzles, multi-row needle nozzles or preferably column nozzles with lengths of 0.1 m to 6 m are used.
- Fig.1 shows a schematic representation of the method and a device according to a first embodiment.
- Fig.1 shows a schematic representation of the method 100 according to a first embodiment for producing cellulosic spunbond 1 and a corresponding device 200 by means of which the method 100 is carried out.
- a spinning mass 2 is produced from a cellulosic raw material and fed to a spinneret 3 of the device 200.
- the cellulosic raw material for producing the spinning mass 2 which is not shown in more detail in the figures, can be a conventional pulp made from wood or other plant-based raw materials. However, it is also conceivable that the cellulosic raw material consists of production waste from spunbond production or recycled textiles.
- the spinning mass 2 is a solution of cellulose in NMMO and water, the cellulose content in the spinning mass 2 being between 3% by weight and 17% by weight.
- the spinning mass 2 is then extruded in the spinneret 3 through a plurality of nozzle holes 4 to form the filaments 5.
- the filaments 5 are stretched as they exit the spinneret 3 by means of a stretching air stream.
- the stretching air 6 can exit from openings in the spinneret 3 between the nozzle holes 4 and be directed as a stretching air stream directly onto the extruded filaments 5, which is not shown in more detail in the figures.
- the extruded filaments 5 are exposed to a coagulation air stream 7 after or during stretching, which is generated by a coagulation device 8.
- the coagulation air stream 7 usually contains a coagulation liquid, for example in the form of steam, mist, etc.
- the filaments 5 are at least partially coagulated, which in particular reduces adhesions between the individual extruded filaments 5.
- the stretched and at least partially precipitated filaments 5 are then laid down in a random position on a first conveyor belt 9 as the first conveyor device 9 to form the spunbonded nonwoven 1.
- the spunbonded nonwoven 1 is then transported further to further processing steps 10, 11, 12 with the conveyor belt 9.
- the spunbonded nonwoven 1 is then subjected to at least one washing 10.
- the spunbonded fabric 1 is deposited immediately in front of the laundry 10 on a second conveyor belt 13 as a second conveyor device 13, which has a reduced conveying speed compared to the first conveyor device 9.
- the conveying speed of the spunbonded fabric 1 within the laundry 10 is therefore reduced compared to the conveying speed of the spunbonded fabric 1 before the laundry 10, i.e. while the filaments 5 are being deposited on the first conveyor belt 9.
- the conveying speed is preferably reduced by a factor of between 1 and 1000. In a further embodiment, the factor is between 1 and 100, and in yet another embodiment, between 1 and 25.
- the spunbonded fabric 1 is deposited in loops 14 on the second conveyor belt 13.
- the spunbonded nonwoven fabric 1 laid in loops 14 is then subjected to washing 10, in which it is essentially freed from solvent residues from the spinning mass 2.
- the spunbonded fabric 1 is placed on a third conveyor belt 15, which has a higher conveying speed than the second conveyor belt 13.
- the third conveyor belt 15 preferably has the same conveying speed as the first conveyor belt 9, whereby the loops 14 are completely pulled out again.
- the third conveyor belt 15 can also have a different conveying speed than the first conveyor belt 9, which is increased compared to the second conveyor belt 13 by a factor of between 1 and 1000, preferably between 1 and 100, particularly preferably between 1 and 25.
- the spunbonded fabric 1 is subjected to a hydroentanglement 11, which can further adapt the internal structure of the spunbonded fabric 1.
- additional perforation patterns, embossed patterns or the like can be introduced into the spunbonded nonwoven fabric 1, although this is not shown in more detail in the figures.
- spunbonded nonwoven fabric 1 is subjected to drying 12 to obtain a finished spunbonded nonwoven fabric 1, wherein the process 100 is completed by optional winding 16 and/or packaging.
- the device 100 or the method 200 can have at least a first spinneret 3 and a second spinneret 30, wherein the spinning mass 2 is simultaneously extruded through the first spinneret 3 and the second spinneret 30 to form the filaments 5, 50.
- the filaments 5, 50 are each stretched in the extrusion direction and at least partially coagulated, wherein the filaments 5 of the first spinneret 3 are deposited on the conveyor belt 9 to form a first spunbonded nonwoven 1 and the filaments 50 of the second spinneret 30 are deposited on the conveyor belt 9 to form a second spunbonded nonwoven.
- the filaments 50 of the second spinneret 30 are deposited on the conveyor belt 9 over the first spunbonded web 1 to form the second spunbonded web in order to obtain a multi-layer spunbonded web, which is not shown in detail in the figures.
- the first spunbond 1 and the second spunbond pass through the laundry 10 together in the form of the multi-layer spunbond, with the multi-layer spunbond being laid in loops 14 on the second conveyor belt 13 at a lower conveying speed than the first conveyor belt 9.
- the multi-layer spunbond can then be separated again into at least the first spunbond 1 and second spunbond in a step following the laundry 10, with the first spunbond 1 and second spunbond separately passing through further steps after separation, such as hydroentanglement 11 and/or drying 12.
- first spunbonded nonwoven 1 and the second spunbonded nonwoven can also undergo the hydroentanglement 11 together and be permanently bonded together to form the multi-layer spunbonded nonwoven.
- first spunbonded nonwoven 1 and the second spunbonded nonwoven can each have different internal properties, for example a different basis weight, and thus form a multi-layer spunbonded nonwoven with properties that vary in the cross-section.
- the first conveyor device 9 is a conveyor drum and the second conveyor device 13 is a conveyor belt.
- both the first conveyor device 9 and the second conveyor device 13 are a conveyor drum.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Spinnvlies, bei dem eine Spinnmasse durch die Düsenlöcher zumindest einer Spinndüse zu Filamenten extrudiert wird, die Filamente in Extrusionsrichtung verstreckt und zur Bildung des Spinnvlieses auf einer ersten Fördereinrichtung abgelegt werden, und bei dem das Spinnvlies zumindest einer Wäsche unterzogen wird.The present invention relates to a method for producing spunbonded nonwoven fabric, in which a spinning mass is extruded through the nozzle holes of at least one spinneret to form filaments, the filaments are stretched in the extrusion direction and deposited on a first conveyor device to form the spunbonded nonwoven fabric, and in which the spunbonded nonwoven fabric is subjected to at least one washing.
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist die Herstellung von Spinnvliesen bzw. Vliesstoffen einerseits nach dem Spunbond- und andererseits nach dem Meltblown-Verfahren bekannt. Beim Spunbond-Verfahren (bspw.
Auch ist es aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt cellulosische Spinnvliese gemäß der Spundbond-Technologie (bspw.
Besonders im Falle einer Wäsche können die Vorteile des Verfahrens zur Geltung kommen. Bei der Herstellung von thermoplastischen Spinnvliesen ist in der Regel keine Wäsche nötig, da es sich um so genannte "trockene" Spinnverfahren handelt, wobei eventuell zum Einsatz kommende Lösungsmittel nach dem Kalander oder Trockner von selbst aus dem Spinnvlies ausdampfen. Im einfachsten Fall wird bei solchen Verfahren das Spinnvlies gleich nach der Extrusion und Ablage zu Rollen aufgewickelt. Im Falle von Spinnverfahren, welche eine Wäsche benötigen, wie etwa bei cellulosischen Spinnvliesen, ist der Durchsatz allerdings in der Regel durch die Länge der Wäsche begrenzt, da die Spinnvliese zum Auswaschen des Lösungsmittels bestimmte Verweilzeiten in der Wäsche erreichen müssen. Vor allem bei der Herstellung von Spinnvliesen bzw. Vliesstoffen mit sehr niedrigen Flächengewichten leiden die erwähnten Verfahren unter dem Nachteil, dass eine Erhöhung des Durchsatzes nur sehr begrenzt kosteneffizient und ohne Beeinträchtigung der Qualität der Spinnvliese möglich ist, da nämlich insbesondere sehr lange Waschanlagen eingesetzt werden müssen, um denselben Durchsatz und/oder die selbe Qualität wie bei höheren Flächengewichten zu erreichen.The advantages of the process can be particularly evident in the case of washing. In the production of thermoplastic spunbonded nonwovens, washing is generally not necessary, as the spinning process is so-called "dry", whereby any solvents used evaporate from the spunbonded nonwoven after the calender or dryer. In the simplest case, the spunbond is wound into rolls immediately after extrusion and depositing. In the case of spinning processes that require washing, such as cellulosic spunbonded nonwovens, the throughput is usually limited by the length of the washing, as the spunbonds have to be washed out of the Solvents must reach certain residence times in the wash. Particularly in the production of spunbonded nonwovens or nonwovens with very low basis weights, the processes mentioned suffer from the disadvantage that an increase in throughput is only possible to a very limited extent in a cost-effective manner and without affecting the quality of the spunbonded nonwovens, since very long washing systems in particular have to be used in order to achieve the same throughput and/or the same quality as with higher basis weights.
Die
Da die Spinnmassen bei cellulosischen Spinnvliestechnologien lediglich Zellstoffgehalte von 3 bis 17% aufweisen, wird zur Erreichung eines vergleichbaren Durchsatzes eine größere Menge an Spinnmasse benötigt, als bei der Herstellung von thermoplastischen Spinnvliesen. Das führt dazu, dass bei gleicher Produktivität im Vergleich zu thermoplastischen Spinnvliesanlagen mehr Spinndüsen vorgesehen werden müssen bzw. mehr Spinnmassedurchsatz pro Spinndüse erreicht werden muss. Die Spinnvliese werden dann gewaschen, verfestigt, getrocknet und aufgewickelt. In der
Aus der
Die Erfindung hat sich daher die Aufgabe gestellt, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Spinnvlies der eingangs erwähnten Art dahingehend zu verbessern, dass der Durchsatz des Verfahrens auf kostengünstige und einfache Weise ohne Beeinträchtigung der Qualität des Spinnvlieses erhöht werden kann.The invention therefore has the object of improving a process for producing spunbonded nonwoven fabric of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the throughput of the process can be increased in a cost-effective and simple manner without impairing the quality of the spunbonded nonwoven fabric.
Die Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass das Spinnvlies der Wäsche zumindest teilweise auf einer perforierten zweiten Fördereinrichtung mit gegenüber der ersten Fördereinrichtung geringerer Fördergeschwindigkeit unterzogen wird, wobei das Spinnvlies in der Wäsche mit Waschflüssigkeit besprüht wird und die Waschflüssigkeit zumindest teilweise durch die perforierte zweite Fördereinrichtung abgeführt wird.The object is achieved in that the spunbonded fabric of the laundry is at least partially subjected to a perforated second conveyor device with a lower conveying speed than the first conveyor device, wherein the spunbonded fabric in the laundry is sprayed with washing liquid and the washing liquid is at least partially discharged through the perforated second conveyor device.
Wird das Spinnvlies der Wäsche zumindest teilweise auf einer zweiten Fördereinrichtung mit gegenüber der ersten Fördereinrichtung geringerer Fördergeschwindigkeit unterzogen, ist also die Fördergeschwindigkeit des Spinnvlieses während zumindest eines Teils der Wäsche gegenüber der Fördergeschwindigkeit des Spinnvlieses vor der Wäsche verringert, so kann auf einfache Weise die Verweilzeit des Spinnvlieses in der Wäsche erhöht werden, ohne eine kostenintensive längere Wäsche vorzusehen. Dabei kann bei gleichbleibendem Spinnmasse-Durchsatz der Spinndüse und entsprechender Fördergeschwindigkeit beim Ablegen des Spinnvlieses ein Spinnvlies mit vordefiniertem Flächengewicht erhalten werden, wobei die Qualität des erhaltenen Spinnvlieses, insbesondere dessen Lösungsmittel-Restgehalte nach der Wäsche, verbessert werden.If the spunbonded fabric is subjected to washing at least partially on a second conveyor system with a lower conveying speed than the first conveyor system, i.e. if the conveying speed of the spunbonded fabric during at least part of the washing is reduced compared to the conveying speed of the spunbonded fabric before washing, the residence time of the spunbonded fabric in the washing can be increased in a simple manner without providing for a costly longer washing. With a constant spinning mass throughput of the spinneret and a corresponding conveying speed when laying down the spunbonded fabric, a spunbonded fabric with a predefined basis weight can be obtained, whereby the quality of the spunbonded fabric obtained, in particular its residual solvent content after washing, is improved.
Alternativ kann auch durch Erhöhung des Spinnmasse-Durchsatzes der Spinndüse und entsprechender Anpassung der Fördergeschwindigkeit beim Ablegen des Spinnvlieses, ein Spinnvlies mit demselben Flächengewicht und gleichbleibender Qualität mit höherem Durchsatz erhalten werden.Alternatively, by increasing the spinning mass throughput of the spinneret and adjusting the conveying speed when laying the spunbond, a spunbond with the same basis weight and consistent quality can be obtained with a higher throughput.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann also die Fördergeschwindigkeit, welche sich, wie oben dargestellt, aus Spinnmasse-Durchsatz und gewünschtem Flächengewicht ergibt, von der Fördergeschwindigkeit der Wäsche vollständig entkoppelt werden. Dadurch lässt sich die Länge der Wäsche, die Länge der Anlage bzw. des Gebäudes und somit auch die Kosten zur Errichtung und zum Betrieb einer Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens deutlich reduzieren.With the method according to the invention, the conveying speed, which, as shown above, results from the spinning mass throughput and the desired basis weight, can be completely decoupled from the conveying speed of the laundry. This allows the length of the laundry, the length of the system or the building and thus also the costs of setting up and operating a system to carry out the method to be significantly reduced.
Wird das Spinnvlies weiter in der Wäsche mit Waschflüssigkeit besprüht und die Waschflüssigkeit zumindest teilweise durch die perforierte zweite Fördereinrichtung abgeführt, so können die Zuverlässigkeit und Effizienz der Wäsche weiter verbessert werden.If the spunbonded fabric is further sprayed with washing liquid during the laundry process and the washing liquid is at least partially drained away through the perforated second conveyor device, the reliability and efficiency of the laundry process can be further improved.
Der unterstützte Transport des Spinnvlieses durch die zweite Fördereinrichtung während der Wäsche kann nämlich auch bei hohen Fördergeschwindigkeiten für eine zuverlässige und effiziente Wäsche sorgen, da im Vergleich zu einer Bäderwäsche kein Auftrieb und Wasserwiderstand auf das Spinnvlies wirken. Solch ein Auftrieb bzw. Wasserwiderstand in einem Wäschebad kann nämlich bei hohen Fördergeschwindigkeiten, etwa von 100 m/min bis zu 500 m/min, zu Verwicklungen oder Verklumpungen im Spinnvlies und somit zu einem Unbrauchbarwerden des Spinnvlieses führen. Dies vor allem dann, wenn das Spinnvlies innerhalb der Wäsche eine geringere Fördergeschwindigkeit als vor der Wäsche aufweist, da es durch die geringere Fördergeschwindigkeit zu einer Überlänge des Spinnvlieses in der Wäsche kommt und durch das Besprühen mit Waschflüssigkeit das überlange Spinnvlies zuverlässig auf der zweiten Fördereinrichtung gehalten werden kann.The supported transport of the spunbond by the second conveyor system during washing can ensure reliable and efficient washing even at high conveying speeds, as there is no buoyancy or water resistance acting on the spunbond compared to washing in a bath. Such buoyancy or water resistance in a laundry bath can lead to tangling or clumping in the spunbond at high conveying speeds, for example from 100 m/min to 500 m/min, and thus to the spunbond becoming unusable. This is particularly the case if the spunbond has a lower conveying speed during washing than before washing, as the lower conveying speed causes the spunbond to be too long in the laundry and the overly long spunbond can be reliably held on the second conveyor system by spraying it with washing liquid.
Durch das unmittelbare Abführen der Waschflüssigkeit über die perforierte zweite Fördereinrichtung können einerseits ein Aufschwemmen und andererseits ein zu starkes Aufquellen des Spinnvlieses vermieden werden. Ein vollständig in Waschflüssigkeit getränktes Spinnvlies kann nämlich das 10- bis 15-fache an Flüssigkeit, bezogen auf sein Eigengewicht, aufnehmen. Da noch nie getrocknete Spinnvlieses allerdings sehr geringe Festigkeiten aufweisen, führt ein solches vollständiges Tränken des Spinnvlieses zu einer weiteren strukturellen Schwächung und damit zu vermehrten Abrissen, was einem zuverlässigen Weitertransport entgegensteht. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Wäsche kann also der Durchsatz des Verfahrens ohne negative Auswirkungen auf die Qualität des hergestellten Spinnvlieses erhöht werden.By directly draining the washing liquid via the perforated second conveyor, the spunbond can be prevented from sagging and from swelling too much. A spunbond completely soaked in washing liquid can absorb 10 to 15 times its own weight in liquid. However, since spunbonds that have never been dried have very low strength, such complete soaking of the spunbond leads to further structural weakening and thus to increased tears, which prevents reliable further transport. The washing according to the invention can therefore increase the throughput of the process without negatively affecting the quality of the spunbond produced.
Bevorzugt kann das Spinnvlies nach der Wäsche, bezogen auf sein Trockengewicht, einen Flüssigkeitsgehalt von weniger als 5 kg/kg aufweisen. In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung kann der Flüssigkeitsgehalt weniger als 4 kg/kg aufweisen, bzw. in noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung weniger als 3 kg/kg aufweisen. Durch den geringen Flüssigkeitsgehalt kann die innere Struktur und Stabilität des Spinnvlieses erhalten bleiben, wodurch ein Transport auch bei hohen Fördergeschwindigkeiten möglich bleibt.Preferably, the spunbonded nonwoven fabric can have a liquid content of less than 5 kg/kg after washing, based on its dry weight. In a further embodiment, the liquid content can be less than 4 kg/kg, or in yet another preferred embodiment, less than 3 kg/kg. The low liquid content allows the internal structure and stability of the spunbonded nonwoven fabric to be retained, which means that transport remains possible even at high conveying speeds.
Für die Zwecke der vorliegenden Erfindung wird festgehalten, dass unter einem Spinnvlies im Sinne der vorliegenden Offenbarung ein Vliesstoff verstanden wird, welcher direkt durch Ablage extrudierter Filamente gebildet wird, wobei die Filamente im Wesentlichen Endlosfilamente sind und in Wirrlage abgelegt werden um das Spinnvlies zu bilden.For the purposes of the present invention, it is noted that a spunbonded nonwoven fabric within the meaning of the present disclosure is understood to mean a nonwoven fabric which is formed directly by laying down extruded filaments, wherein the filaments are essentially continuous filaments and are laid down in a random position to form the spunbonded nonwoven fabric.
Unter einer Fördereinrichtung im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung können alle Einrichtungen verstanden werden, die zur Förderung bzw. zum Transport des Spinnvlieses mit einer bestimmten Fördergeschwindigkeit geeignet sind. Eine solche Fördereinrichtung kann beispielsweise ein Förderband, eine Fördertrommel, Förderwalzen oder dergleichen sein. In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Fördereinrichtungen als Förderbänder ausgeführt.A conveying device in the sense of the present invention can be understood as all devices that are suitable for conveying or transporting the spunbonded fabric at a certain conveying speed. Such a conveying device can be, for example, a conveyor belt, a conveyor drum, conveyor rollers or the like. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the conveying devices are designed as conveyor belts.
Die zuvor genannten Vorteile können besonders dann erreicht werden, wenn die Fördergeschwindigkeit der zweiten Fördereinrichtung gegenüber der ersten Fördereinrichtung um einen Faktor zwischen 1 und 1000 verringert wird. So kann beispielsweise bei einem Faktor 2 der Durchsatz bei gleichbleibendem Flächengewicht und gleichbleibender Länge der Wäsche verdoppelt werden, oder die Effektivität der Wäsche deutlich verbessert werden. So hat sich beispielsweise gezeigt, dass die Verdopplung der Verweilzeit in der Wäsche die Effizienz überlinear erhöht, und beispielsweise zu einer Reduzierung der Lösungsmittel-Reste im fertigen Spinnvlies um einen Faktor 4 bis 8 führt. Bevorzugt wird die Fördergeschwindigkeit vor der Wäsche um einen Faktor zwischen 1 und 100, bzw. besonders bevorzugt um einen Faktor zwischen 1 und 25, verringert.The aforementioned advantages can be achieved in particular if the conveying speed of the second conveyor is reduced by a factor of between 1 and 1000 compared to the first conveyor. For example, with a factor of 2, the throughput can be doubled with the same basis weight and the same length of the laundry, or the effectiveness of the laundry can be significantly improved. For example, it has been shown that doubling the residence time in the laundry increases efficiency in a superlinear manner and, for example, leads to a reduction in solvent residues in the finished spunbonded fabric by a factor of 4 to 8. Preferably, the conveying speed before the laundry is reduced by a factor of between 1 and 100, or particularly preferably by a factor of between 1 and 25.
Die Reproduzierbarkeit des Verfahrens kann zudem weiter verbessert werden, wenn das Spinnvlies auf der zweiten Fördereinrichtung in Schlaufen abgelegt wird. So kann nämlich verfahrenstechnisch besonders einfach auf die Reduktion der Fördergeschwindigkeit in der Wäsche reagiert werden. Die Schlaufen können dabei im Wesentlichen parallele, übereinanderliegende Abschnitte am Spinnvlies aufweisen, welche ein effizientes Waschen des Spinnvlieses ermöglichen und sich nach der Wäsche wieder ohne Beschädigungen auseinanderziehen lassen. Nach der Wäsche können die Schlaufen im Besonderen wieder durch eine schnellere Fördereinrichtung auseinandergezogen werden.The reproducibility of the process can also be further improved if the spunbond is laid down in loops on the second conveyor. This makes it particularly easy to react to the reduction in the conveyor speed during the wash. The loops can essentially have parallel, superimposed sections on the spunbond, which enable the spunbond to be washed efficiently and can be pulled apart again after washing without damage. After washing, the loops can be pulled apart again using a faster conveyor.
Das Spinnvlies kann bevorzugt unmittelbar nach dem Ablegen und Bilden des Spinnvlieses auf der ersten Fördereinrichtung auf der zweiten Fördereinrichtung abgelegt werden. Unter "unmittelbar nach dem Ablegen" wird in diesem Zusammenhang verstanden, dass zwischen dem Ablegen und Bilden des Spinnvlieses auf der ersten Fördereinrichtung und dem Ablegen auf der zweiten Fördereinrichtung keine weiteren Behandlungsschritte des Spinnvlieses auf der ersten Fördereinrichtung vorgesehen sind.The spunbonded fabric can preferably be deposited on the second conveyor immediately after the spunbonded fabric has been deposited and formed on the first conveyor. In this context, "immediately after depositing" means that no further treatment steps of the spunbonded fabric on the first conveyor are provided between the depositing and formation of the spunbonded fabric on the first conveyor and the depositing on the second conveyor.
Dabei kann das Spinnvlies bevorzugt vor der Wäsche, besonders bevorzugt unmittelbar vor der Wäsche, auf der zweiten Fördereinrichtung abgelegt werden. Eine Verringerung der Fördergeschwindigkeit des Spinnvlieses findet also vor der Wäsche bzw. unmittelbar vor der Wäsche statt. Unter "unmittelbar vor der Wäsche" wird in diesem Zusammenhang verstanden, dass vor der Wäsche keine weiteren Behandlungsschritte des Spinnvlieses auf der zweiten Fördereinrichtung vorgesehen sind. So kann das Spinnvlies bevorzugt die gesamte Wäsche auf der zweiten Fördereinrichtung durchlaufen.The spunbonded fabric can preferably be placed on the second conveyor before washing, particularly preferably immediately before washing. A reduction in the conveying speed of the spunbond therefore takes place before washing or immediately before washing. In this context, "immediately before washing" means that no further treatment steps of the spunbond on the second conveyor are planned before washing. The spunbond can therefore preferably run through the entire wash on the second conveyor.
Zwischen dem Ablegen und Bilden des Spinnvlieses auf dem ersten Fördereinrichtung und der Wäsche auf der zweiten Fördereinrichtung können demnach bevorzugt keine weiteren Behandlungsschritte des Spinnvlieses vorgesehen sein.Accordingly, between the deposition and formation of the spunbonded fabric on the first conveyor and the washing on the second conveyor, no further treatment steps of the spunbonded fabric can preferably be provided.
Zudem kann das Spinnvlies nach der Wäsche auf einer dritten Fördereinrichtung mit gegenüber der zweiten Fördereinrichtung höherer Fördergeschwindigkeit weitere Behandlungsschritte durchlaufen. Dazu kann das Spinnvlies auf der dritten Fördereinrichtung abgelegt werden, wodurch - wie zuvor beschrieben - die Überlänge des Spinnvlieses bzw. etwaige darin gebildete Schlaufen wieder entwirrt werden können, und das Spinnvlies wieder mit höherer Fördergeschwindigkeit weiterbehandelt werden kann. Bevorzugt weist dabei die dritte Fördereinrichtung im Wesentlichen die gleiche Fördergeschwindigkeit wie die erste Fördereinrichtung auf.In addition, after washing, the spunbonded fabric can undergo further treatment steps on a third conveyor device with a higher conveying speed than the second conveyor device. For this purpose, the spunbonded fabric can be laid down on the third conveyor device, whereby - as previously described - the excess length of the spunbonded fabric or any loops formed in it can be unraveled again and the spunbonded fabric can be further treated again at a higher conveying speed. The third conveyor device preferably has essentially the same conveying speed as the first conveyor device.
Wird die Fördergeschwindigkeit der dritten Fördereinrichtung gegenüber der zweiten Fördereinrichtung wieder um einen Faktor zwischen 1 und 1000 erhöht, so kann ein besonders vielseitiges Verfahren bereitgestellt werden, welches eine direkte Weiterverarbeitung des Spinnvlieses nach der Wäsche mit höherer Fördergeschwindigkeit erlaubt. So kann bevorzugt das Spinnvlies nach der Wäsche wieder auf die gleiche Fördergeschwindigkeit wie vor der Wäsche beschleunigt werden und weitere Behandlungsschritte durchlaufen. Bevorzugt wird die Fördergeschwindigkeit der dritten Fördereinrichtung gegenüber der zweiten Fördereinrichtung um einen Faktor zwischen 1 und 100, besonders bevorzugt um einen Faktor zwischen 1 und 25, erhöht.If the conveying speed of the third conveyor is increased by a factor of between 1 and 1000 compared to the second conveyor, a particularly versatile process can be provided which allows direct further processing of the spunbond after washing at a higher conveying speed. In this way, the spunbond after washing can preferably be accelerated again to the same conveying speed as before washing and can undergo further treatment steps. The conveying speed of the third conveyor is preferably increased by a factor of between 1 and 100 compared to the second conveyor, particularly preferably by a factor of between 1 and 25.
So können die zuvor genannten Vorteile besonders dann erreicht werden, wenn das Spinnvlies nach der Wäsche einer Wasserstrahlverfestigung und/oder Trocknung unterzogen wird. Die Wasserstrahlverfestigung kann dabei nämlich vorzugsweise bei der ursprünglichen Fördergeschwindigkeit des Spinnvlieses durchgeführt werden, da diese im Vergleich zur Wäsche nicht auf längere Verweilzeiten angewiesen ist.The aforementioned advantages can be achieved particularly when the spunbonded nonwoven is subjected to hydroentanglement and/or drying after washing. Hydroentanglement can preferably be carried out at the original conveying speed of the spunbonded nonwoven, since this does not require longer dwell times compared to washing.
Zudem erlaubt das Vorsehen der Wasserstrahlverfestigung nach der Wäsche eine besonders zuverlässige Steuerung der strukturellen und inneren Eigenschaften des Spinnvlieses. So kann im Zuge der Wasserstrahlverfestigung beispielsweise eine permanente Einprägung von Mustern bzw. Perforationen, welche im fertigen Spinnvlies verbleiben, erfolgen.In addition, the provision of hydroentanglement after washing allows for particularly reliable control of the structural and internal properties of the spunbond. For example, hydroentanglement can be used to permanently imprint patterns or perforations that remain in the finished spunbond.
Nach der Wasserstrahlverfestigung kann das Spinnvlies noch eine Trocknung durchlaufen, um ein fertiges Spinnvlies zu erhalten. Das fertig behandelte Spinnvlies kann dann optional in einer Aufwickeleinrichtung zu Rollen aufgewickelt werden.After hydroentanglement, the spunbonded nonwoven can be dried to obtain a finished spunbonded nonwoven. The finished spunbonded nonwoven can then optionally be wound up into rolls in a winding device.
Die Effizienz der Wäsche kann weiter verbessert werden, wenn die Wäsche eine mehrstufige Gegenstromwäsche ist. In der Gegenstromwäsche zirkuliert nämlich die zur Wäsche verwendete Waschflüssigkeit, insbesondere Wasser, in mehreren Waschstufen, wobei frische Waschflüssigkeit am Ende der Wäsche zugeführt und über die perforierte zweite Fördereinrichtung abgeführt wird und sukzessive in gleicher Weise an die vorgelagerten Waschstufen weitergeführt wird, und wobei am Beginn der Wäsche die verbrauchte Waschflüssigkeit abgeführt wird.The efficiency of the laundry can be further improved if the laundry is a multi-stage countercurrent wash. In countercurrent washing, the washing liquid used for the laundry, in particular water, circulates in several washing stages, with fresh washing liquid being added at the end of the laundry and discharged via the perforated second conveyor device and successively passed on to the upstream washing stages in the same way, and with the used washing liquid being discharged at the beginning of the laundry.
Der Durchsatz des Verfahrens kann weiter erhöht werden, wenn zudem die Spinnmasse durch zumindest eine erste Spinndüse und eine zweite Spinndüse zu Filamenten extrudiert wird, wobei die Filamente der ersten Spinndüse zur Bildung eines ersten Spinnvlieses auf der ersten Fördereinrichtung abgelegt werden und die Filamente der zweiten Spinndüse zur Bildung eines zweiten Spinnvlieses auf der ersten Fördereinrichtung abgelegt werden, wobei die Filamente der zweiten Spinndüse zur Bildung des zweiten Spinnvlieses über dem ersten Spinnvlies auf der ersten Fördereinrichtung abgelegt werden, um ein mehrlagiges Spinnvlies zu erhalten.The throughput of the process can be further increased if, in addition, the spinning mass is extruded into filaments through at least a first spinneret and a second spinneret, wherein the filaments of the first spinneret are deposited on the first conveyor to form a first spunbonded fabric and the filaments of the second spinneret are deposited on the first conveyor to form a second spunbonded fabric, wherein the filaments of the second spinneret are deposited on the first conveyor to form the second spunbonded fabric above the first spunbonded fabric to obtain a multi-layer spunbonded fabric.
Werden nämlich die Filamente der zweiten Spinndüse zur Bildung des zweiten Spinnvlieses über dem ersten Spinnvlies auf der ersten Fördereinrichtung abgelegt um ein mehrlagiges Spinnvlies zu erhalten, so kann auf einfache Weise der Durchsatz des Verfahrens erhöht werden, da zumindest zwei Spinndüsen zur simultanen Bildung von zumindest zwei Spinnvliesen vorgesehen werden, das dabei gebildete mehrlagige Spinnvlies jedoch mit den vorhandenen Mitteln statt einem einzelnen Spinnvlies weiterverarbeitet werden kann. Vorzugsweise ist die zweite Spinndüse dabei der ersten Spinndüse in Förderrichtung der ersten Fördereinrichtung nachgelagert.If the filaments of the second spinneret are deposited on the first conveyor device to form the second spunbonded web above the first spunbonded web in order to obtain a multi-layer spunbonded web, the throughput of the process can be increased in a simple manner, since at least two spinnerets are provided for the simultaneous formation of at least two spunbonded webs, but the multi-layer spunbonded web formed in this way can be further processed with the existing means instead of a single spunbonded web. The second spinneret is preferably arranged downstream of the first spinneret in the conveying direction of the first conveyor device.
Das dabei gebildete mehrlagige Spinnvlies besteht aus dem ersten und zweiten Spinnvlies, wobei das zweite Spinnvlies über dem ersten angeordnet ist. Das erste und zweite Spinnvlies können dabei derart miteinander verbunden sein (beispielsweise durch Adhäsion), dass das mehrlagige Spinnvlies eine Einheit bildet, die weitere Verfahrensschritte durchlaufen kann, jedoch im Wesentlichen ohne strukturelle Beschädigungen an dem ersten und zweiten Spinnvlies wieder in diese aufgetrennt werden kann.The multi-layer spunbonded fabric formed in this way consists of the first and second spunbonded fabric, with the second spunbonded fabric being arranged above the first. The first and second spunbonded fabric can be connected to one another in such a way (for example by adhesion) that the multi-layer spunbonded fabric forms a unit that can undergo further process steps, but can be separated again into these essentially without structural damage to the first and second spunbonded fabrics.
Wird das mehrlagige Spinnvlies in einem nachfolgenden Schritt in zumindest das erste und zweite Spinnvlies aufgetrennt, so können im Laufe des Verfahren wieder zumindest zwei unabhängige Spinnvliese erhalten werden. Ein kostengünstiges Verfahren zur Herstellung von Spinnvlies mit erhöhtem Durchsatz kann somit geschaffen werden.If the multi-layer spunbonded nonwoven is separated into at least the first and second spunbonded nonwoven in a subsequent step, at least two independent spunbonded nonwovens can be obtained again in the course of the process. A cost-effective process for producing spunbonded nonwovens with increased throughput can thus be created.
Ebenso kann die Spinnmasse auch durch eine dritte und weitere Spinndüsen zu Filamenten extrudiert werden und die Filamente j eweils in Extrusionsrichtung verstreckt werden, wobei die Filamente der dritten Spinndüse zur Bildung eines dritten Spinnvlieses über dem zweiten Spinnvlies auf der ersten Fördereinrichtung abgelegt werden um das mehrlagiges Spinnvlies zu erhalten, bzw. die Filamente der weiteren Spinndüsen zur Bildung weiterer Spinnvliese über dem jeweils vorhergehenden Spinnvlies auf der ersten Fördereinrichtung abgelegt werden um das mehrlagige Spinnvlies zu erhalten.Likewise, the spinning mass can also be extruded into filaments through a third and further spinnerets and the filaments can be stretched in the extrusion direction, whereby the filaments of the third spinneret are deposited on the first conveyor device above the second spunbonded nonwoven to form a third spunbond in order to obtain the multi-layer spunbond, or the filaments of the further spinnerets are deposited on the first conveyor device above the preceding spunbond in order to obtain the multi-layer spunbond.
Ein solches mehrlagige Spinnvlies kann eine Vielzahl an Spinnvliesen aufweisen, welche in einem späteren Verfahrensschritt wieder voneinander getrennt werden können.Such a multilayer spunbonded fabric can comprise a large number of spunbonded fabrics, which can be separated from one another again in a later process step.
Die zuvor genannten Vorteile des Verfahrens können sich dann besonders auszeichnen, wenn das mehrlagige Spinnvlies zumindest einem Behandlungsschritt unterzogen wird, bevor es in zumindest das erste und zweite Spinnvlies aufgetrennt wird. So kann nämlich eine gemeinsame Behandlung des ersten und zweiten Spinnvlieses in Form des mehrlagigen Spinnvlieses erfolgen und somit der Durchsatz des Verfahren gegenüber der getrennten Behandlung der Spinnvliese deutlich erhöht werden.The aforementioned advantages of the process can be particularly evident if the multi-layer spunbonded nonwoven is subjected to at least one treatment step before it is separated into at least the first and second spunbonded nonwoven. In this way, the first and second spunbonded nonwoven can be treated together in the form of the multi-layer spunbonded nonwoven, thus significantly increasing the throughput of the process compared to separate treatment of the spunbonded nonwovens.
Dies kann sich besonders dann auszeichnen, wenn der zumindest eine Behandlungsschritt des mehrlagigen Spinnvlieses die erfindungsgemäße Wäsche auf der zweiten Fördereinrichtung mit gegenüber der ersten Fördereinrichtung reduzierter Fördergeschwindigkeit ist. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit gemeinsamer Wäsche des ersten und zweiten Spinnvlieses in dem mehrlagigen Spinnvlies kann die Länge der Wäsche nämlich weiter deutlich reduziert, bzw. der Durchsatz erhöht werden.This can be particularly advantageous if the at least one treatment step of the multi-layer spunbonded nonwoven is the washing according to the invention on the second conveyor device with a reduced conveying speed compared to the first conveyor device. The method according to the invention with joint washing of the first and second spunbonded nonwoven in the multi-layer spunbonded nonwoven can significantly reduce the length of the washing or increase the throughput.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann sich durch hohe Flexibilität auszeichnen, wenn das Spinnvlies ein mehrlagiges Spinnvlies ist, wobei zumindest zwei hintereinander angeordnete Spinndüsen vorgesehen sind, so dass die aus den jeweiligen Spinndüsen extrudierten Filamente jeweils eine Spinnvlies-Lage bilden, welche derart übereinander abgelegt werden, dass das mehrlagiges Spinnvlies erzeugt wird. Das mehrlagige Spinnvlies kann dann trotzdem zuverlässig anhand des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit verringerter Fördergeschwindigkeit gewaschen werden.The method according to the invention can be characterized by high flexibility if the spunbond is a multi-layer spunbond, with at least two spinnerets arranged one behind the other being provided, so that the filaments extruded from the respective spinnerets each form a spunbond layer, which are laid on top of each other in such a way that the multi-layer spunbond is produced. The multi-layer spunbond can then nevertheless can be reliably washed using the method according to the invention at a reduced conveying speed.
Die Zuverlässigkeit des Verfahrens kann weiter erhöht werden, wenn die Filamente nach deren Extrusion aus der Spinndüse mittels eines Verstreckungsluftstroms verstreckt werden. Damit können die Extrusions- und Verstreckungsbedingungen der Filamente gezielt gesteuert, und somit die inneren Eigenschaften des Spinnvlieses angepasst werden. Der Verstreckungsluftstrom wird dabei aus der j eweiligen Spinndüse auf die extrudierten Filamente gerichtet.The reliability of the process can be further increased if the filaments are stretched using a stretching air stream after they have been extruded from the spinneret. This allows the extrusion and stretching conditions of the filaments to be controlled in a targeted manner and thus the internal properties of the spunbonded fabric to be adjusted. The stretching air stream is directed from the respective spinneret onto the extruded filaments.
Insbesondere kann der Verstreckungsluftstrom einen Druck von 0,05 bar bis 5 bar, bevorzugt 0,1 bar bis 3 bar, besonders bevorzugt 0,2 bar bis 1 bar, aufweisen. Insbesondere kann der Verstreckungsluftstrom weiters eine Temperatur von 20 °C bis 200 °C, bevorzugt von 60 °C bis 160 °C, besonders bevorzugt von 80 °C bis 140 °C, aufweisen.In particular, the stretching air stream can have a pressure of 0.05 bar to 5 bar, preferably 0.1 bar to 3 bar, particularly preferably 0.2 bar to 1 bar. In particular, the stretching air stream can further have a temperature of 20 °C to 200 °C, preferably from 60 °C to 160 °C, particularly preferably from 80 °C to 140 °C.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann sich besonders für die Herstellung cellulosischer Spinnvliese auszeichnen, wobei die Spinnmasse eine Lyocell-Spinnmasse, also eine Lösung von Cellulose in einem Direktlösemittel für Cellulose ist.The process according to the invention can be particularly suitable for the production of cellulosic spunbonded nonwovens, wherein the spinning mass is a lyocell spinning mass, i.e. a solution of cellulose in a direct solvent for cellulose.
Ein solches Direktlösemittel für Cellulose ist ein Lösemittel, in dem die Cellulose in nichtderivatisierter Form gelöst vorliegt. Dies kann bevorzugt ein Gemisch aus einem tertiären Aminoxid, wie etwa NMMO (N-Methylmorpholin-N-oxid), und Wasser sein. Alternativ eignen sich als Direktlösemittel allerdings beispielsweise auch ionische Flüssigkeiten, bzw. Mischungen mit Wasser.Such a direct solvent for cellulose is a solvent in which the cellulose is dissolved in non-derivatized form. This can preferably be a mixture of a tertiary amine oxide, such as NMMO (N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide), and water. Alternatively, ionic liquids or mixtures with water are also suitable as direct solvents.
Der Gehalt an Cellulose in der Spinnmasse kann dabei 3 Gew.-% bis 17 Gew.-%, in bevorzugten Ausführungsvarianten 5 Gew.-% bis 15 Gew.-%, und in besonders bevorzugen Ausführungsvarianten 6 Gew.-% bis 14 Gew.-%, betragen.The content of cellulose in the spinning mass can be 3 wt.% to 17 wt.%, in
Bei der Herstellung von cellulosischen Spinnvliesen ergeben sich aufgrund des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zahlreiche Verbesserungen und Vorteile in Hinblick auf Wirtschaftlichkeit der Produktionsanlage, Betrieb der Anlage und Produktqualität. Da gleichzeitig mehrere parallel übereinander versetzte Schlaufen gewaschen werden können, kann die Fördergeschwindigkeit des Spinnvlieses während der Wäsche deutlich verringert werden. Durch die geringere Fördergeschwindigkeit reduzieren sich sowohl die Kosten als auch die Komplexität der Produktionsanlage.In the production of cellulosic spunbonded fabrics, the process according to the invention results in numerous improvements and advantages with regard to the economic efficiency of the production plant, the operation of the plant and product quality. Since several loops offset in parallel can be washed at the same time, the conveying speed of the spunbonded fabric can be significantly reduced during washing. The lower conveying speed reduces both the costs and the complexity of the production plant.
Überaschenderweise hat sich gezeigt, dass das mit reduzierter Fördergeschwindigkeit in parallel übereinanderliegende Schlaufen abgelegte Spinnvlies mit höherer Effizienz gewaschen werden kann, als ein Spinnvlies mit höherer und nicht reduzierter Fördergeschwindigkeit. Sogar nach einer mehrstufigen Gegenstromwäsche lassen sich die Schlaufen wieder zerstörungsfrei auflösen und das Spinnvlies kann wieder auf die ursprüngliche Fördergeschwindigkeit beschleunigt werden.Surprisingly, it has been shown that the spunbonded nonwoven fabric deposited in parallel loops at a reduced conveying speed can be washed with greater efficiency. than a spunbond with a higher and not reduced conveying speed. Even after a multi-stage countercurrent wash, the loops can be dissolved again without being damaged and the spunbond can be accelerated back to the original conveying speed.
Sogar bei niedrigen Flächengewichten bis 10g/m2 hat sich gezeigt, dass die Spinnvliese stabil genug sind um in Schlaufen abgelegt, bei verminderter Geschwindigkeit gewaschen und danach wieder beschleunigt zu werden, um danach in weiteren Schritten bei ursprünglicher Fördergeschwindigkeit ggf. verfestigt, getrocknet und aufgewickelt zu werden.Even at low basis weights of up to 10 g/m 2, it has been shown that the spunbonded nonwovens are stable enough to be laid in loops, washed at reduced speed and then accelerated again, in order to then be consolidated, dried and wound up in further steps at the original conveying speed.
Der Durchsatz an Cellulose pro Spinndüse kann vorzugsweise zwischen 5 kg/h pro Meter Spinndüsen-Länge und 500 kg/h pro Meter Spinndüsen-Länge betragen.The throughput of cellulose per spinneret can preferably be between 5 kg/h per meter of spinneret length and 500 kg/h per meter of spinneret length.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Vorteile können sich insbesondere auszeichnen, wenn das Flächengewicht des Spinnvlieses zwischen 5 g/m2 (gsm) und 500 g/m2, bevorzugt 10 g/m2 bis 250 g/m2, besonders bevorzugt 15 g/m2 bis 100 g/m2, beträgt.The advantages according to the invention can be particularly evident when the basis weight of the spunbonded nonwoven is between 5 g/m 2 (gsm) and 500 g/m 2 , preferably 10 g/m 2 to 250 g/m 2 , particularly preferably 15 g/m 2 to 100 g/m 2 .
Die Fördergeschwindigkeit des Spinnvlieses beim Ablegen, bzw. die Fördergeschwindigkeit der ersten Fördereinrichtung können vorzugsweise zwischen 1 m/min und 2000 m/min, bevorzugt 10 m/min bis 1000 m/min, besonders bevorzugt 15 m/min bis 500 m/min betragen.The conveying speed of the spunbonded fabric during deposition or the conveying speed of the first conveying device can preferably be between 1 m/min and 2000 m/min, preferably 10 m/min to 1000 m/min, particularly preferably 15 m/min to 500 m/min.
Die innere Struktur der Spinnvlieses können zudem zuverlässig gesteuert werden, wenn die aus der Spinndüse extrudierten und verstreckten Filamente teilweise koaguliert werden.The internal structure of the spunbonded nonwoven fabric can also be reliably controlled if the filaments extruded and stretched from the spinneret are partially coagulated.
Dazu kann der Spinndüse ein, eine Koagulationsflüssigkeit aufweisender Koagulationsluftstrom zur zumindest teilweisen Koagulation der Filamente zugeordnet sein, wodurch die innere Struktur des Spinnvlieses gezielt gesteuert werden kann. Ein Koagulationsluftstrom kann dabei vorzugsweise ein wasserhaltiges und/oder Koagulationsmittel-enthaltendes Fluid, bspw. Gas, Nebel, Dampf, etc., sein.For this purpose, a coagulation air stream containing a coagulation liquid can be assigned to the spinneret for at least partial coagulation of the filaments, whereby the internal structure of the spunbonded fabric can be controlled in a targeted manner. A coagulation air stream can preferably be a fluid containing water and/or coagulant, e.g. gas, mist, steam, etc.
Eine besonders zuverlässige Koagulation der extrudierten Filamente kann dabei erreicht werden, wenn die Koagulationsflüssigkeit ein Gemisch aus Wasser und einem Direktlösemittel für Cellulose, ist. Insbesondere kann die Koagulationsflüssigkeit dabei ein Gemisch aus vollentsalztem Wasser und 0 Gew.-% bis 40 Gew.-% NMMO, bevorzugt 10 Gew.-% bis 30 Gew.-% NMMO, besonders bevorzugt 15 Gew.-% bis 25 Gew.-% NMMO, sein.A particularly reliable coagulation of the extruded filaments can be achieved if the coagulation liquid is a mixture of water and a direct solvent for cellulose. In particular, the coagulation liquid can be a mixture of demineralized water and 0 wt.% to 40 wt.% NMMO, preferably 10 wt.% to 30 wt.% NMMO, particularly preferably 15 wt.% to 25 wt.% NMMO.
Die Koagulationsflüssigkeitsmenge kann dabei vorzugsweise 50 l/h bis 10.000 l/h, weiter bevorzugt 100 l/h bis 5.000 l/h, besonders bevorzugt 500 l/h bis 2.500 l/h pro Meter Koagulations-Düse betragen.The amount of coagulation liquid can preferably be 50 l/h to 10,000 l/h, more preferably 100 l/h to 5,000 l/h, particularly preferably 500 l/h to 2,500 l/h per meter of coagulation nozzle.
Bei den Spinndüsen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, bzw. der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung können vorzugsweise, aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte (
Im Folgenden werden die Ausführungsvarianten der Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung näher beschrieben.
Die Spinnmasse 2 wird dann in der Spinndüse 3 durch eine Vielzahl von Düsenlöchern 4 zu den Filamenten 5 extrudiert. Durch Zufuhr von Verstreckungsluft 6 an eine Verstreckungseinheit in der Spinndüse 3 werden die Filamente 5 beim Austritt aus der Spinndüse 3 mittels eines Verstreckungsluftstroms verstreckt. Die Verstreckungsluft 6 kann dabei aus Öffnungen in der Spinndüse 3 zwischen den Düsenlöchern 4 austreten und als Verstreckungsluftstrom direkt auf die extrudierten Filamente 5 gerichtet werden, was in den Figuren nicht näher dargestellt ist. Die extrudierten Filamente 5 werden nach oder schon während dem Verstrecken mit einem Koagulationsluftstrom 7 beaufschlagt, welcher durch eine Koagulationseinrichtung 8 generiert wird. Der Koagulationsluftstrom 7 weist in der Regel eine Koagulationsflüssigkeit auf, etwa in Form von Dampf, Nebel, etc. Durch Kontakt der Filamente 5 mit dem Koagulationsluftstrom 7 und der darin enthaltenen Koagulationsflüssigkeit werden die Filamente 5 zumindest teilweise koaguliert, was insbesondere Verklebungen zwischen den einzelnen extrudierten Filamenten 5 reduziert. Die verstreckten und zumindest teilweise ausgefällten Filamente 5 werden dann zur Bildung des Spinnvlieses 1 in Wirrlage auf einem ersten Förderband 9 als erste Fördereinrichtung 9 abgelegt. Das Spinnvlies 1 wird dann zu weiteren Bearbeitungsschritten 10, 11, 12 mit dem Förderband 9 weitertransportiert. In weiterer Folge wird das Spinnvlies 1 dabei zumindest einer Wäsche 10 unterzogen.The spinning
Um die Verweilzeit des Spinnvlieses 1 in der Wäsche 10 zu erhöhen, wird das Spinnvlies 1 unmittelbar vor der Wäsche 10 auf einem zweiten Förderband 13 als zweite Fördereinrichtung 13 abgelegt, welches eine gegenüber der ersten Fördereinrichtung 9 verringerte Fördergeschwindigkeit aufweist. Die Fördergeschwindigkeit des Spinnvlieses 1 innerhalb der Wäsche 10 ist also gegenüber der Fördergeschwindigkeit des Spinnvlieses 1 vor der Wäsche 10, also während der Ablage der Filamente 5 am ersten Förderband 9, verringert. Bevorzugt wird die Fördergeschwindigkeit dabei um einen Faktor zwischen 1 und 1000 verringert. In einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante beträgt der Faktor zwischen 1 und 100, und in einer wieder weiteren Ausführungsvariante zwischen 1 und 25. Um den Unterschied in der Fördergeschwindigkeit zwischen erstem Förderband 9 und zweitem Förderband 13 im Spinnvlies 1 aufzunehmen, wird das Spinnvlies 1 in Schlaufen 14 am zweiten Förderband 13 abgelegt. Das in Schlaufen 14 gelegte Spinnvlies 1 wird dann der Wäsche 10 unterzogen, worin dieses im Wesentlichen von Lösungsmittel-Rückständen aus der Spinnmasse 2 befreit wird.In order to increase the residence time of the spunbonded fabric 1 in the
Nach der Wäsche 10 wird das Spinnvlies 1 auf einem dritten Förderband 15 abgelegt, welches gegenüber dem zweiten Förderband 13 eine höhere Fördergeschwindigkeit aufweist. Das dritte Förderband 15 weist dabei bevorzugt dieselbe Fördergeschwindigkeit wie das erste Förderband 9 auf, wodurch die Schlaufen 14 wieder vollständig ausgezogen werden. In einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante, welche nicht näher dargestellt ist, kann das dritte Förderband 15 auch eine andere, vom ersten Förderband 9 verschiedene, Fördergeschwindigkeit aufweisen, welche gegenüber dem zweiten Förderband 13 um einen Faktor zwischen 1 und 1000, bevorzugt zwischen 1 und 100, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 1 und 25, erhöht ist. Am dritten Förderband 15 wird das Spinnvlies 1 einer Wasserstrahlverfestigung 11 unterzogen, welche die innere Struktur des Spinnvlieses 1 weiter anpassen kann. Daneben können im Zuge der Wasserstrahlverfestigung 11 zusätzlich Perforationsmuster, Prägemuster oder dgl. in das Spinnvliese 1 eingebracht werden, was in den Figuren jedoch nicht näher dargestellt wurde.After washing 10, the spunbonded fabric 1 is placed on a
Schließlich wird das Spinnvlies 1 einer Trocknung 12 unterzogen, um ein fertiges Spinnvlies 1 zu erhalten, wobei das Verfahren 100 durch optionales Aufwickeln 16 und/oder Verpacken abgeschlossen wird.Finally, the spunbonded nonwoven fabric 1 is subjected to drying 12 to obtain a finished spunbonded nonwoven fabric 1, wherein the
In einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante, welche in den Figuren nur angedeutet ist, kann die Vorrichtung 100 bzw. das Verfahren 200 zumindest eine erste Spinndüse 3 und eine zweite Spinndüse 30 aufweisen, wobei die Spinnmasse 2 simultan durch die erste Spinndüse 3 und die zweite Spinndüse 30 zu den Filamenten 5, 50 extrudiert wird. Die Filamente 5, 50 werden dabei jeweils in Extrusionsrichtung verstreckt und zumindest teilweise koaguliert, wobei die Filamente 5 der ersten Spinndüse 3 zur Bildung eines ersten Spinnvlieses 1 am Förderband 9 abgelegt werden und die Filamente 50 der zweiten Spinndüse 30 zur Bildung eines zweiten Spinnvlieses am Förderband 9 abgelegt werden. Die Filamente 50 der zweiten Spinndüse 30 werden zur Bildung des zweiten Spinnvlieses über dem ersten Spinnvlies 1 am Förderband 9 abgelegt, um ein mehrlagiges Spinnvlies zu erhalten, was in den Figuren nicht näher dargestellt ist.In a further embodiment, which is only indicated in the figures, the
Bevorzugt durchlaufen das erste Spinnvlies 1 und das zweite Spinnvlies gemeinsam in Form des mehrlagigen Spinnvlieses die Wäsche 10, wobei das mehrlagige Spinnvlies auf dem zweiten Förderband 13 mit gegenüber dem ersten Förderband 9 geringerer Fördergeschwindigkeit in Schlaufen 14 abgelegt wird. Vorzugsweise kann das mehrlagige Spinnvlies dann in einem der Wäsche 10 nachfolgenden Schritt wieder in zumindest das erste Spinnvlies 1 und zweite Spinnvlies aufgetrennt werden, wobei das erste Spinnvlies 1 und zweite Spinnvlies nach dem Auftrennen getrennt weitere Schritte, wie etwa die Wasserstrahlverfestigung 11 und/oder die Trocknung 12, durchlaufen.Preferably, the first spunbond 1 and the second spunbond pass through the
Das erste Spinnvlies 1 und zweite Spinnvlies können alternativ auch gemeinsam die Wasserstrahlverfestigung 11 durchlaufen und dabei dauerhaft miteinander zu dem mehrlagigen Spinnvlies verbunden werden.Alternatively, the first spunbonded nonwoven 1 and the second spunbonded nonwoven can also undergo the
Ebenso können das erste Spinnvlies 1 und zweite Spinnvlies jeweils unterschiedliche innere Eigenschaften, beispielsweise ein unterschiedliches Flächengewicht, aufweisen und somit ein mehrlagiges Spinnvlies mit im Querschnitt veränderlichen Eigenschaften bilden.Likewise, the first spunbonded nonwoven 1 and the second spunbonded nonwoven can each have different internal properties, for example a different basis weight, and thus form a multi-layer spunbonded nonwoven with properties that vary in the cross-section.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante, die in den Figuren nicht dargestellt ist, ist die erste Fördereinrichtung 9 eine Fördertrommel und die zweite Fördereinrichtung 13 ein Förderband.In a further embodiment, which is not shown in the figures, the
In wieder einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante, sind sowohl die erste Fördereinrichtung 9 als auch die zweite Fördereinrichtung 13 eine Fördertrommel.In yet another embodiment, both the
Claims (15)
- A process for the production of spunbonded nonwoven (1) wherein a spinning mass (2) is extruded through the nozzle holes (4) of at least one spinneret (3, 30) to form filaments (5, 50), the filaments (5, 50) are drawn in the extrusion direction and deposited on a first conveying device (9) to form the spunbonded nonwoven (1), and wherein the spunbonded nonwoven (1) is subjected to at least one washing (10), characterized in that the spunbonded nonwoven (1) is subjected to the washing (10) at least partially on a perforated second conveying device (13) with a lower conveying speed with respect to that of the first conveying device (9), wherein the spunbonded nonwoven (1) is sprayed with washing liquid during the washing (10) and the washing liquid is discharged at least partially through the perforated second conveying device (13).
- A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveying speed of the second conveying device (13) is reduced by a factor of between 1 and 1000, in particular by a factor of between 1 and 100, particularly preferably by a factor of between 1 and 25, with respect to the first conveying device (9).
- A process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spunbonded nonwoven (1) is deposited in loops (14) on the second conveying device (13).
- A process according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, after washing (10), the spunbonded nonwoven (1) is subjected to further treatment steps (11, 12) on a third conveying device (15) at a conveying speed that is higher with respect to that of the second conveying device (13).
- A process according to claim 4, characterized in that the conveying speed of the third conveying device (15) is increased by a factor of between 1 and 1000, in particular by a factor of between 1 and 100, particularly preferably by a factor of between 1 and 25, with respect to the second conveying device (13).
- A process according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the third conveying device (15) has essentially the same conveying speed as the first conveying device (9).
- A process according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the spunbonded nonwoven (1) is subjected to hydroentanglement (11) and/or drying (12) after the washing (10).
- A process according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the washing (10) is a multi-stage countercurrent washing.
- A process according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the spunbonded nonwoven (1) is deposited on the second conveying device (13) directly after it has been deposited and formed on the first conveying device (9).
- A process according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the spunbonded nonwoven (1) is deposited on the second conveying device (13) directly before the washing (10).
- A process according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the spinning mass (2) is extruded into filaments (5, 50) through at least a first spinneret (3) and a second spinneret (30), wherein the filaments (5) of the first spinneret (3) are deposited on the first conveying device (9) to form a first spunbonded nonwoven (1) and the filaments (50) of the second spinneret (30) are deposited on the first conveying device (9) to form a second spunbonded nonwoven, wherein the filaments (50) of the second spinneret (30) are deposited on the first conveying device (9) to form the second spunbonded nonwoven over the first spunbonded nonwoven (1) in order to obtain a multi-layered spunbonded nonwoven.
- A process according to claim 11, characterized in that the multi-layered spunbonded nonwoven is unravelled into at least the first spunbonded nonwoven (1) and the second spunbonded nonwoven in a subsequent step, particularly after the washing (10).
- A process according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the spunbonded nonwoven (1) is a cellulosic spunbonded nonwoven (1) and the spinning mass (2) is a solution of cellulose in a direct solvent, particularly a tertiary amine oxide.
- A process according to any of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the filaments (5, 50) are coagulated at least partly after the extrusion from the spinneret (3, 30), whereby in particular a coagulation air stream (7) comprising a coagulation liquid is assigned to the spinneret (3, 30) for the at least partial coagulation of the filaments (5, 50).
- A process according to any of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the coagulation liquid is a mixture of water and the direct solvent for cellulose, particularly a tertiary amine oxide.
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|---|---|---|---|
| EP19217037 | 2019-12-17 | ||
| PCT/EP2020/085773 WO2021122379A1 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2020-12-11 | Method for producing a spunbond nonwoven |
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| EP4077789A1 EP4077789A1 (en) | 2022-10-26 |
| EP4077789B1 true EP4077789B1 (en) | 2024-06-26 |
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| EP20821214.2A Active EP4077789B1 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2020-12-11 | Method for producing spun-bonded fabric |
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| US (1) | US20230020186A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP4077789B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP7691426B2 (en) |
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| DE3151294C2 (en) | 1981-12-24 | 1986-01-23 | Fa. Carl Freudenberg, 6940 Weinheim | Spunbonded polypropylene fabric with a low coefficient of fall |
| US5080569A (en) | 1990-08-29 | 1992-01-14 | Chicopee | Primary air system for a melt blown die apparatus |
| US6306334B1 (en) | 1996-08-23 | 2001-10-23 | The Weyerhaeuser Company | Process for melt blowing continuous lyocell fibers |
| US5695377A (en) | 1996-10-29 | 1997-12-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Nonwoven fabrics having improved fiber twisting and crimping |
| GB9625634D0 (en) | 1996-12-10 | 1997-01-29 | Courtaulds Fibres Holdings Ltd | Method of manufacture of nonwoven fabric |
| DE10023391A1 (en) | 2000-05-12 | 2001-03-15 | Lurgi Zimmer Ag | Production of cellulosic articles, e.g. fibers, comprises extruding solution to produce fiber, stretching article produced, feeding it without tension to conveyor and removing it from end of conveyor under tension |
| US20050056956A1 (en) | 2003-09-16 | 2005-03-17 | Biax Fiberfilm Corporation | Process for forming micro-fiber cellulosic nonwoven webs from a cellulose solution by melt blown technology and the products made thereby |
| DE102004007618A1 (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2005-09-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Process for the production of nonwovens, nonwoven fabric and its use |
| DE102004007617B4 (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2007-02-08 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Process for producing a nonwoven fabric, nonwoven fabric and its use |
| CN1908277A (en) * | 2005-08-02 | 2007-02-07 | 卡尔弗罗伊登柏格两合公司 | Nonwoven fabrics and methods for making the same |
| JP2008095254A (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-24 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Ultra fine spunbond nonwoven fabric and its use |
| TWI392781B (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2013-04-11 | Preparation of Natural Cellulose Nonwoven by Wet Spunbond Method | |
| US20150352021A1 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2015-12-10 | Japan Vilene Company, Ltd. | Functional nonwoven fabric and manufacturing method therefor |
| DE102013210432A1 (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2014-12-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Process for producing a polyacrylic based nonwoven fabric and polyacrylic based nonwovens |
| EP3088585B1 (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2017-06-21 | Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik | Method and device for manufacturing a spunbonding fabric made of filaments and spun fabric |
| AT519489B1 (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2021-11-15 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Method and apparatus for producing cellulose-based nonwovens which are formed directly from Lyocell spinning solution |
| WO2018184038A1 (en) * | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | Lenzing Ag | Continuous filament cellulose nonwoven made with multiple bonding techniques |
| EP3385429A1 (en) * | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-10 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with fiber connected radiation diffusing particles |
| PL3692188T3 (en) | 2017-10-06 | 2024-03-04 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Device for the extrusion of filaments and manufacture of meltspun nonwovens |
| DE102017129300A1 (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2019-06-13 | Trützschler GmbH & Co Kommanditgesellschaft | Plant and method for producing a spunbonded nonwoven |
-
2020
- 2020-11-27 TW TW109141753A patent/TW202140884A/en unknown
- 2020-12-11 WO PCT/EP2020/085773 patent/WO2021122379A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2020-12-11 US US17/785,481 patent/US20230020186A1/en active Pending
- 2020-12-11 CN CN202080087875.3A patent/CN114787440B/en active Active
- 2020-12-11 FI FIEP20821214.2T patent/FI4077789T3/en active
- 2020-12-11 KR KR1020227023947A patent/KR20220111706A/en active Pending
- 2020-12-11 BR BR112022011701A patent/BR112022011701A2/en unknown
- 2020-12-11 EP EP20821214.2A patent/EP4077789B1/en active Active
- 2020-12-11 JP JP2022537034A patent/JP7691426B2/en active Active
- 2020-12-11 PT PT208212142T patent/PT4077789T/en unknown
- 2020-12-11 ES ES20821214T patent/ES2987702T3/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT4077789T (en) | 2024-08-14 |
| CN114787440A (en) | 2022-07-22 |
| JP2023506903A (en) | 2023-02-20 |
| KR20220111706A (en) | 2022-08-09 |
| US20230020186A1 (en) | 2023-01-19 |
| BR112022011701A2 (en) | 2022-09-06 |
| WO2021122379A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
| ES2987702T3 (en) | 2024-11-15 |
| CN114787440B (en) | 2023-09-12 |
| JP7691426B2 (en) | 2025-06-11 |
| FI4077789T3 (en) | 2024-09-05 |
| EP4077789A1 (en) | 2022-10-26 |
| TW202140884A (en) | 2021-11-01 |
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