EP4076881B1 - Device for producing concrete blocks - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for producing concrete blocks.

It is generally known from the prior art to use devices for producing concrete blocks in which a concrete mixture is compacted within a block mold using a so-called block maker to create a concrete block. Typically, such devices contain a stamping unit with pressure plates that can engage with one or more cavities of a mold base. The mold base is open at the top and bottom, with the underside closed by a horizontal base. Concrete mix is poured through the upper openings of the mold cavity using a filling carriage. This concrete mix is then pressed over the pressure plates by lowering the plates into the mold cavities through the upper openings using a loading unit. The concrete mix is then solidified into dimensionally stable concrete moldings by vibrating the base. In a final step, the concrete moldings are demolded through the lower openings of the mold cavities.

The ram unit is typically hydraulically operated and can be moved vertically within the molding machine using the load-bearing unit. The load-bearing unit usually forms a single mold upper section with the ram unit, which is positioned above the mold lower section and can be connected to a hydraulic press from the opposite side. A uniform block height can be achieved even with varying degrees of compaction of the concrete mix, with stops typically provided on the ram unit.

In known devices for the production of concrete blocks, the connection between the upper part of the mold and the lower part of the mold is of particular importance.

For example, the DE 36 38 207 A1 It is known that with such molds, if the upper mold part is not adequately aligned with the lower mold part, there is a risk of the pressure ram colliding with the upper side of the lower mold part. This occurs particularly when the upper mold part is guided into the lower mold part of the molding machine in order to form and compact the concrete molded part to be produced. According to solutions known from the prior art, attempts have been made to circumvent this by precisely aligning the upper mold part with the lower mold part and by providing corresponding inlet slopes on the mold cavities to facilitate the insertion of the pressure plates.

However, the connection between the upper and lower mold parts has already been examined in more detail in another context in the prior art. DE 199 24 926 A1 A block molding machine is known in which a block mold is mounted on guide columns. The block mold consists of a lower mold section and an upper mold section, which, depending on the working section, can be either permanently connected to one another or displaced relative to one another. This allows for easy further processing, particularly through a pull-off mechanism that separates the lower and upper mold sections.

From the DE 10 2005 048 930 A1 A stone mold for producing concrete blocks is known, which comprises an upper mold part with at least one punch with a pressure piece and a lower mold part with at least one mold cavity for use in a stone molding machine, wherein the lower mold part is movable up and down in a stone molding machine. The lower mold part can be placed on a mold base of the stone molding machine and the upper mold part is Can be coupled to an up-and-down movable machine mount of the block making machine. A filling box of the block making machine can be moved over the lower mold section, and the upper mold section and/or the lower mold section has clearance relative to a machine frame of the block making machine. A centering device is provided for aligning the lower and upper mold sections in an xy plane. This ensures precise centering of the two mold parts relative to one another, with a conical section on the centering device slowly releasing the centering of the mold parts after the pressure piece has been immersed in the mold cavity.

In the DE 10 2015 103 829 A1 A device for producing concrete molded parts in a molding machine is described, which comprises an upper mold part with at least one pressure stamp for transmitting a force to at least one pressure plate, wherein the pressure plate can be inserted in the vertical direction into an opening of a mold cavity in a lower mold part, wherein the lower mold part is surrounded by a frame which has a guide means connected to the upper mold part, which is designed such that the lower mold part can be tilted against the upper mold part from the vertical direction during the engagement of the pressure plates in the openings of the mold cavity.

The DE 10 2008 017 964 A1 shows a plant for producing shaped blocks with a centering device according to the preamble of claim 1. The plant has at least one approximately horizontal floating plane in which the stamp plate and/or the mold cavity can be displaced relative to a machine frame of the plant, the displacement being controllable by the centering device.

The DE 10 2004 004 188 A1 shows a concrete block production facility in which an interchangeable support plate is provided for holding the blocks to be produced. A mold base with mold cavities whose cross-sections correspond to the cross-sections of the blocks to be produced, can be placed on the support platen, and an upper mold part with pressure pieces adapted to the cross-sections of the mold cavities on punch tubes for inserting the pressure pieces into the mold cavities within the production facility is movably mounted. When the lower mold part rests on the support platen, the mold cavities are closed from below by the support platen. The support platen and the lower mold part are each connected in a vibration-transmitting manner to a vibrator device that generates vertical vibrations. Complementary and communicating guide elements for relative movements between these two components are provided on the one hand on the upper mold part and on the other hand on the lower mold part outside the pressure pieces and associated mold cavities.

The object of the invention is to provide a device for producing concrete molded parts in which the centering between the upper mold part and the lower mold part is further improved, whereby in particular all phases of the production process are to be taken into account.

The invention is defined in the claims. The object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the subclaims. The description, particularly in conjunction with the drawings, further characterizes and specifies the invention.

Accordingly, in the device according to the invention, an upper guide element is arranged on the loading device and a lower guide element is arranged on the holder, which guide the upper mold part with the pressure stamps and the lower mold part with the recesses and, in addition to the existing guide on the guide columns, ensure constant guidance of the pressure stamps relative to the lower mold part. The loading device is guided relative to the lower mold part in a plane perpendicular to the insertion direction continuously during the production of concrete blocks. Although the upper and lower guide elements can be pushed apart from each other in the axial direction so far that they are no longer in engagement, so that, for example, during modification or maintenance, they are no longer guided towards each other. During the production of concrete blocks, i.e. also during filling with a filling trolley, compression or demolding, guidance takes place between the loading device relative to the lower mold section in the plane perpendicular to the insertion direction. It has been observed that the guidance via the guide columns is often inadequate, so that the pressure plates occasionally hit the sides of the recesses or come into contact with them, which results in increased wear. The solution according to the invention now creates a type of self-guided device in a block production machine, in which guidance via the upper guide element and the lower guide element can be ensured, for example during filling with a filling carriage. The pressure plates and the recesses in the lower mold section now only have a shaping property for the desired block product, so that they no longer need to be provided with any additional guiding function.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the loading device is connected to the guide columns via a bear plate, wherein the pressure stamps are connected via a stamp plate which is connected to the loading device via an intermediate plate, wherein the intermediate plate has laterally projecting sections on which the upper guide device is arranged.

In addition to the weight of the ballast device, it is connected via a ram plate, for example, to a hydraulic press, whereby the combination of ballast device and ram plate is connected to the guide columns in the usual way. The pressure stamps are not directly connected to the ballast device on the side facing away from the recesses, but are typically screwed to an intermediate plate that has laterally projecting sections, thus creating a connection point for the upper guide device outside the stone field. This creates a compact structure in which the guidance is achieved via the upper guide device on the ballast device, without changing the construction. a device according to the invention becomes complicated. In particular, the device according to the invention allows for wear parts such as the pressure plates or the upper guide device to be easily replaced when they become worn, while the pressure stamps or the base load can continue to be used as reusable parts in the area of the upper mold part, even when replaced or worn.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the upper and lower guide devices have a plurality of guide positions in the region of the frame and laterally to the loading device.

Accordingly, guidance between the lower mold part and the upper mold part is achieved at several guide positions, so that more precise guidance and centering of the two components relative to one another can be ensured. In particular, it is provided to provide two guide positions on opposite sides of the lower mold part or the loading device with corresponding guide positions, which are advantageously arranged diagonally opposite one another in order to further improve guidance between the upper mold part and the lower mold part. Alternatively or additionally, four guide positions can also be provided, which are advantageously arranged in the area of the corner of the frame or the loading device. A double or quadruple design of the guide positions allows for precise guidance by means of the upper and lower guide elements.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the upper guide element and the lower guide element have a plurality of centering bolts engaging in centering bushings.

Accordingly, the guidance between the upper and lower parts of the mould is achieved by means of centring bolts and centring bushes, which, for example, have a round cross-section can be selected to ensure constant concentric guidance of the upper mold part relative to the lower mold part. However, in other designs, it is also conceivable to use other cross-sections or to work with different diameters along the guide pin.

In particular, it is provided that the guide bushings and/or the guide pins are replaceable, since as moving parts they are subject to wear and may have to be replaced once or several times while the device according to the invention is in use.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the mold base is arranged above a production board on a vibrating table, with the frame of the mold base determining the mold height. The mold base can have a replaceable insert, which can also be replaced as a wear part during operation of the device according to the invention or adapted to a different block shape if the device is to be converted for a different block shape. Just like the pressure plates and the centering bolts or centering bushings, the insert of the mold base is provided as a wear part, while the frame of the mold base is a reusable component of the device. The frame can therefore be reused if the block layer changes but the mold height remains the same.

The device is designed in such a way that its components are interchangeable, allowing easy adjustment in the event of wear or a change in the stone shape.

Figur 1

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einer perspektivischen Seitenansicht,

Figur 2

die Vorrichtung aus Figur 1 in einer ersten Seitenansicht,

Figur 3

die Vorrichtung aus Figur 1 in einer zweiten Seitenansicht,

Figur 4

ein Detail der Vorrichtung aus Figur 1 in einer perspektivischen Seitenansicht,

Figur 5A

eine weitere Seitenansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung während des Betriebs,

Figur 5B

eine weitere Seitenansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung während des Betriebs,

Figur 6A

eine weitere Seitenansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,

Figur 6B

eine Schnittansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer Seitenansicht, und

Figur 7

ein Detail der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer perspektivischen Seitenansicht.

Below, some examples are explained in more detail using the drawings. They show:

Figure 1

a device according to the invention in a perspective side view,

Figure 2

the device from Figure 1 in a first side view,

Figure 3

the device from Figure 1 in a second side view,

Figure 4

a detail of the device Figure 1 in a perspective side view,

Figure 5A

a further side view of the device according to the invention during operation,

Figure 5B

a further side view of the device according to the invention during operation,

Figure 6A

another side view of the device according to the invention,

Figure 6B

a sectional view of the device according to the invention in a side view, and

Figure 7

a detail of the device according to the invention in a perspective side view.

In the figures, identical or functionally equivalent components are provided with the same reference numerals.

With reference to Figure 1 A first embodiment of a device 2 according to the invention is explained in detail below. The device 2 is shown in a perspective side view and has conventional Have a vibrating table 4, on the top of which is a production board 6. A lower mold part 8 is arranged on the production board 6, which has an exchangeable insert 10 with recesses 12 that are surrounded by a frame 14, wherein the insert 10 is exchangeable in the frame 14. On two opposite sides, the frame 14 has holding struts 16, which create a connection between the frame 14 and a respective receptacle 18. The holding struts 16 can also be part of the receptacles 18. The two receptacles 18 are arranged on four guide columns 20, which are arranged in the area of the corners of the lower mold part 8 in the usual way and surround the area outside the vibrating table 4. Opposite the recesses 12 is the upper mold part 22, which has several pressure plates 24, the dimensions of which approximately correspond to the recesses 12. The pressure plates 24 are connected via pressure stamps 26 to a loading device 28, which in turn is connected on the side facing away from the upper mold part to a bear plate 30, which is guided on the guide columns 20 and can be actuated via a stamp 32 with a hydraulic press.

Between the pressure stamps 26 and the loading device 28, a holding plate 34 is mounted, which has sections 36 projecting laterally beyond the loading device 28, which on their underside facing the lower mold part 8 each have a guide pin 38 which can engage in a corresponding guide bushing 40 on the holding struts 16, wherein the device 2 according to Figure 1 at each corner of the upper mold part 22 corresponding guide pins 38 and at each corner of the lower mold part 8 corresponding guide bushes 40, so that the upper mold part 22 is guided with respect to the lower mold part 8 via the combination of guide pins 38 and guide bush 40.

The device 2 according to the invention thus creates a combination of upper mold part 22 and lower mold part 8, in which guidance is provided not only by the guide columns 20 but also by the guide devices formed by the guide pins 38 and guide bushings 40. Thus, the pressure plates 24 together with the insert 10 no longer perform any guiding function, since they are only required to compress the concrete mixture located in the recesses 12, and when the upper mold part 22 moves toward the lower mold part 8, no contact can occur between the two moving parts.

With reference to Figure 2 the device 2 is made of Figure 1 shown again in a first side view. It can be seen that the guide pins 38 forming the upper guide device are arranged outside the area of the stone field on the laterally projecting sections 36, so that they can engage past the production board 6 and the vibrating table 4 into the corresponding bushing on the holding strut 16, without restricting the movement of the upper mold part 22 relative to the lower mold part 8 except for the guide in a plane perpendicular to the insertion direction 42.

In Figure 3 the device is made of Figure 1 shown again in a second side view from the narrower side of the upper mold part 22. It can be seen that the guide pins 38 are arranged in the area of the corners of the upper mold part 22, so that a total of four guide pins 38 can be used as a guide aid. These are advantageously arranged in the area of the corners of the upper mold part 22, although a design with only one guide pin 38 on each short side of the upper mold part 22 would also be possible.

With reference to Figure 4 The position of the guide bushings 40 in the support strut 16 is shown in more detail. It can be seen that the guide bushings 40 are mechanically connected to the frame 14 via the support struts 16 and the receptacles 18, so that the guide pins 38 can be inserted accordingly. The receptacles 18, in turn, are firmly connected to the guide columns 20. The combination of guide pin 38 and guide bushing 40 is in Figure 4 with round cross-sections, which represent the preferred embodiments. In other embodiments, however, it may also be conceivable to use a different shape of the cross-sectional surfaces, so that, for example, elliptical, hexagonal or square bolts or bushings can also be used. The guide bolt 38 is in Figure 4 shown in the form of a cylinder. This can also have a slightly conical shape with respect to its outer surfaces.

In the Figures 5A and 5B The function of the guide devices by means of the guide pin 38 and the guide bush 40 during operation of the device 2 is explained in more detail below. Figure 5A that when the lower mold part 8 is released, the guide pin 38 is in engagement with the guide bush 40, so that the lower mold part 8 can be filled with a concrete mixture, which is typically done by means of a filling carriage, wherein during filling the upper mold part 22 is already guided with the lower mold part 8 over the guide elements. When fully compressed by means of the ram plate 30, which in Figure 5B As shown, the maximum engagement of the guide elements is achieved, so that during operation of the device 2 the upper mold part 22 remains constantly guided with respect to the lower mold part 8, so that the guidance via the guide columns 20, which is usually considered insufficient, can be dispensed with.

In Figure 6A is again the view from Figure 5A shown, where an auxiliary line is drawn that shows the Figure 6B illustrated sectional plane A - A'. It can be seen that the device 2 is modular in design, so that quickly wearing parts, such as the guide pins 38, the guide bushings 40, the pressure plates 24, or also the inserts 10 can be changed quickly, so that a quick replacement is possible both when adapting the device 2 to changed stone shapes and when individual components of the device 2 wear out.

In Figure 7 The upper mold part 22 and the lower mold part 8 are shown separately again. It can be seen that the frame 14 of the lower mold part 8, which is provided with the interchangeable inserts 10, has the lateral holding strut 16, which is provided with the guide bushings 40. The height 44 of the frame 14 determines the height of the stone formed in the recesses 12. Consequently, the frame 14 can also be used for different stone sizes with the same stone height by replacing the insert 10 with a different insert, so that the recesses 12 would be different in terms of dimensions. It can also be seen that several pressure stamps 26 and pressure plates 24 are combined into a unit by means of a stamp plate 46.

The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, but can be modified in many ways within the scope of expert knowledge without deviating from the scope of the appended claims.

List of reference symbols:

2

device

4

vibrating table

6

Production board

8

mold base

10

Mission

12

recesses

14

Frame

16

Support strut

18

Recording

20

Guide columns

22

Form top

24

printing plates

26

printing stamp

28

Loading device

30

Bear Plate

32

Rubber stamp

34

holding plate

36

Sections

38

upper guide element, guide pin

40

lower guide element, guide bushing

42

Insertion direction

44

Height

46

stamp plate

Claims (10)

1. Device for producing concrete blocks, in which a lower mold part (8) is inserted into a frame (14) which is fastened via retaining struts (16) to receptacles (18) of a plurality of guide columns (20) which are oriented along an insertion direction (42) and have, above the lower mold part (8), a loading means (28) which is movable along the guide columns (20) and which has, on its side facing the lower mold part (8), an upper mold part (22) in which one or more pressure plates (24) are or can be inserted into one or more recesses (12) of the lower mold part (8), the loading means (28) being connected to the pressure plates (24) via pressure stamps (26), an upper guide element (38) being arranged between the loading means (28) and the pressure stamps (26),
   characterized in that

   the upper guide element (38) interacts in such a way with a lower guide element (40) arranged on the support strut (16) that during the production of concrete blocks, comprising filling of the lower mold part (8), compression and demolding, the loading means (28) is constantly guided relative to the lower mold part (8) in a plane perpendicular to the insertion direction (42),

   the upper and lower guide elements (38, 40) being engaged, and the upper guide element (38) interacting with the lower guide element (40) in such a way that when the lower mold part (8) is exposed, the lower mold part (8) can be filled with a concrete mixture,

   the upper guide element (38), which has a plurality of guide bolts, being already engaged with the lower guide element (40), which has a plurality of guide bushes, and the loading means (28) remaining constantly guided with respect to the lower mold part (8) during the production of concrete blocks.
2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the loading means (28) is connected to the guide columns (20) via a bear plate (30), a holding plate (34) being arranged between the pressure stamp (26) and the loading means (28), which holding plate has portions (36) projecting laterally from the block field, to which portions the upper guide means (38) is fastened.
3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the upper guide means (38) and the lower guide means (40) have a plurality of guide positions in the region of the frame (14) and laterally to the loading means (28).
4. Device according to claim 3, wherein two guide positions arranged on opposite sides of the lower mold part (8) or the loading means (28) are provided, the two guide positions being advantageously arranged diagonally opposite one another.
5. Device according to claim 4, wherein four guide positions are provided, which are advantageously arranged in the region of the corners of the frame (14) or the loading means (28).
6. Device according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the upper guide element (38) and the lower guide element (40) have a plurality of centering bolts, as guide bolts, engaging in centering bushes, as guide bushes.
7. Device according to claim 6, wherein the guide bushes (40) and/or the guide bolts (38) are interchangeable.
8. Device according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the lower mold part (8) is arranged on a vibrating table (4) via a production board (6), the frame (14) of the lower mold part (8) determining the mold height.
9. Device according to claim 8, wherein the lower mold part (8) has an interchangeable insert (10).
10. Device according to any of claims 1 to 9, the components of which are interchangeable so that adaptation is possible in the event of wear or a change in the block shape.

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