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EP4073508B1 - Détection de plaquettes dans un échantillon de sang - Google Patents

Détection de plaquettes dans un échantillon de sang Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4073508B1
EP4073508B1 EP20825250.2A EP20825250A EP4073508B1 EP 4073508 B1 EP4073508 B1 EP 4073508B1 EP 20825250 A EP20825250 A EP 20825250A EP 4073508 B1 EP4073508 B1 EP 4073508B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
monolayer
sample
platelets
microscope
microscopic image
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20825250.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4073508C0 (fr
EP4073508A1 (fr
Inventor
Peretz YAFIN
Dan Gluck
Amir ZAIT
Yochay Shlomo ESHEL
Sarah LEVY
Joseph Joel POLLAK
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SD Sight Diagnostics Ltd
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SD Sight Diagnostics Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of EP4073508B1 publication Critical patent/EP4073508B1/fr
Publication of EP4073508C0 publication Critical patent/EP4073508C0/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/2813—Producing thin layers of samples on a substrate, e.g. smearing, spinning-on
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N15/1468—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry with spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/01—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials specially adapted for biological cells, e.g. blood cells
    • G01N2015/018—Platelets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N2015/1006—Investigating individual particles for cytology
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N15/1434—Optical arrangements
    • G01N2015/144—Imaging characterised by its optical setup
    • G01N2015/1445—Three-dimensional imaging, imaging in different image planes, e.g. under different angles or at different depths, e.g. by a relative motion of sample and detector, for instance by tomography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N2015/1486—Counting the particles

Definitions

  • Some applications of the presently disclosed subject matter relate generally to analysis of bodily samples, and in particular, to optical density and microscopic measurements that are performed upon blood samples.
  • a property of a biological sample is determined by performing an optical measurement.
  • the density of a component e.g., a count of the component per unit volume
  • the concentration and/or density of a component may be measured by performing optical absorption, transmittance, fluorescence, and/or luminescence measurements upon the sample.
  • the sample is placed into a sample carrier and the measurements are performed with respect to a portion of the sample that is contained within a sample chamber of the sample carrier. The measurements that are performed upon the portion of the sample that is contained within the sample chamber of the sample carrier are analyzed in order to determine a property of the sample.
  • WO-2013/041951A1 describes an optical platelet counter method.
  • US-2013/170730A1 describes a method and apparatus for automate platelet identification within a whole blood sample from microscopy images.
  • a portion of a blood sample that comprises a cell suspension is placed within a sample chamber that is a cavity that includes a base surface.
  • the cells in the cell suspension are allowed to settle on the base surface of the sample chamber to form a monolayer of cells on the base surface of the sample chamber.
  • at least one microscopic image of at least a portion of the monolayer of cells is typically acquired.
  • a plurality of images of the monolayer are acquired, each of the images corresponding to an imaging field that is located at a respective, different area within the imaging plane of the monolayer.
  • an optimum depth level at which to focus the microscope in order to image the monolayer is determined, e.g., using techniques as described in US Patent US 10,176,565 to Greenfield .
  • respective imaging fields have different optimum depth levels from each other.
  • platelets that have settled within the monolayer are identified within the at least one microscopic image of at least a portion of the monolayer of cells.
  • the inventors of the present application have noticed that it is often the case that, even after having been left to settle such as to form a monolayer using the techniques described herein, not all of the platelets within a blood sample settle within the monolayer, and some cells continue to be suspended within the cell solution. More specifically, the inventors have found that it is typically the case that, even after the sample has been left to settle for approximately two minutes, between 10 percent and 70 percent of the platelets within the sample do not settle within the monolayer focus field. Typically, if the monolayer is allowed to form over a longer time period, then more platelets settle within the monolayer focus field.
  • the inventors have found that even if the monolayer is allowed to form over a relatively long time period (e.g., between 15 and 30 minutes), some platelets still remain suspended within the solution such that the platelets are not disposed within the monolayer focus field.
  • the number of platelets that remain suspended within the solution is dependent on the time for which the monolayer is allowed to form, in addition to the height of the cavity in which the cell solution is placed.
  • platelets that are suspended within the cell solution are identified, in addition to identifying platelets within the monolayer focus field.
  • such platelets are identified by focusing the microscope at additional depth levels to the depth level(s) to which the microscope is focused in order to image the monolayer of cells (referred to herein as "the monolayer depth level(s)"), and acquiring images at the additional depth levels.
  • the platelets within the images that are acquired at the additional depth levels are identified and counted, and, based upon the count of platelets within those images, a total count of the platelets that are suspended within the cell solution is estimated.
  • a count of the platelets that have settled within the monolayer is compared to a count of the platelets that have not settled within the monolayer.
  • an output is generated in response to the comparison.
  • a clinical condition is derived and outputted to a user, based upon the comparison of the count of the platelets that have settled within the monolayer and the count of the platelets that have not settled within the monolayer.
  • the extent of platelet activation within the sample may be derived, at least partially based upon the comparison.
  • a clinical condition may be derived based upon the size, shape, settling time, and/or settling dynamics of the platelets.
  • the settling dynamics of the platelets are determined by imaging the same imaging field a plurality of times, with a time interval between each of the image acquisitions, and/or by determining until what height within the sample chamber platelets are present at a given time.
  • a computer processor generates an output indicating that the sample should be prepared in a different way to how it was prepared (e.g., by modifying the diluent within which the sample is diluted, by adding a platelet activation agent, and/or by adding a coagulation agent), based upon the comparison.
  • the portion of the blood sample is invalidated from being used for performing at least some measurements upon the sample. For example, if the ratio of unsettled platelets to settled platelets is greater than a first given threshold, and/or lower than a second given threshold, then this might be interpreted as being indicative of a problem with the sample and/or the preparation thereof.
  • a parameter of the sample (such as platelet volume, mean platelet volume, and/or median platelet volume) is determined based upon a measurement that is performed upon the portion of the sample.
  • the measurement is calibrated, based upon the comparison between properties of the platelets that have settled within the monolayer and properties of the platelets that have not settled within the monolayer.
  • the method further includes deriving an error with the blood sample at least partially based upon comparing the first and second platelet counts to each other, wherein generating the output includes generating an indication of the error.
  • the method further includes deriving an error with preparation of the blood sample at least partially based upon comparing the first and second platelet counts to each other, wherein generating the output includes generating an indication of the error.
  • the method further includes deriving a clinical condition of the subject at least partially based upon comparing the first and second platelet counts to each other, wherein generating the output includes generating an indication of the clinical condition.
  • the method further includes deriving a measure of platelet activation at least partially based upon comparing the first and second platelet counts to each other, wherein generating the output includes generating an indication of the platelet activation.
  • identifying platelets that have not settled within the monolayer within the at least one additional microscopic image includes accounting for interference with visibility of platelets by white blood cells that are disposed within the monolayer.
  • identifying platelets that have not settled within the monolayer within the at least one additional microscopic image includes accounting for interference with visibility of platelets by red blood cells that are disposed within the monolayer.
  • avoiding duplicate counts of platelets within images that are acquired at adjacent depth levels includes accounting for lateral movement of platelets between acquisitions of the images that are acquired at adjacent depth levels.
  • apparatus including:
  • Fig. 1 is block diagram showing components of a biological sample analysis system 20, in accordance with some applications of the present invention.
  • a biological sample e.g., a blood sample
  • a sample carrier 22 While the sample is disposed in the sample carrier, optical measurements are performed upon the sample using one or more optical measurement devices 24.
  • the optical measurement devices may include a microscope (e.g., a digital microscope), a spectrophotometer, a photometer, a spectrometer, a camera, a spectral camera, a hyperspectral camera, a fluorometer, a spectrofluorometer, and/or a photodetector (such as a photodiode, a photoresistor, and/or a phototransistor).
  • the optical measurement devices include dedicated light sources (such as light emitting diodes, incandescent light sources, etc.) and/or optical elements for manipulating light collection and/or light emission (such as lenses, diffusers, filters, etc.).
  • a computer processor 28 typically receives and processes optical measurements that are performed by the optical measurement device. Further typically, the computer processor controls the acquisition of optical measurements that are performed by the one or more optical measurement devices. The computer processor communicates with a memory 30.
  • a user e.g., a laboratory technician, or an individual from whom the sample was drawn
  • the user interface includes a keyboard, a mouse, a joystick, a touchscreen device (such as a smartphone or a tablet computer), a touchpad, a trackball, a voice-command interface, and/or other types of user interfaces that are known in the art.
  • the computer processor generates an output via an output device 34.
  • the output device includes a display, such as a monitor, and the output includes an output that is displayed on the display.
  • the processor generates an output on a different type of visual, text, graphics, tactile, audio, and/or video output device, e.g., speakers, headphones, a smartphone, or a tablet computer.
  • user interface 32 acts as both an input interface and an output interface, i.e., it acts as an input/output interface.
  • the processor generates an output on a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium), such as a disk, or a portable USB drive, and/or generates an output on a printer.
  • FIGs. 2A , 2B , and 2C are schematic illustrations of an optical measurement unit 31, in accordance with some applications of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2A shows an oblique view of the exterior of the fully assembled device
  • Figs. 2B and 2C shows respective oblique views of the device with the cover having been made transparent, such components within the device are visible.
  • one or more optical measurement devices 24 (and/or computer processor 28 and memory 30) is housed inside optical measurement unit 31.
  • sample carrier 22 is placed inside the optical measurement unit.
  • the optical measurement unit may define a slot 36, via which the sample carrier is inserted into the optical measurement unit.
  • the optical measurement unit includes a stage 64, which is configured to support sample carrier 22 within the optical measurement unit.
  • a screen 63 on the cover of the optical measurement unit e.g., a screen on the front cover of the optical measurement unit, as shown
  • the optical measurement unit includes microscope system 37 (shown in Figs. 2B-C ) configured to perform microscopic imaging of a portion of the sample.
  • the microscope system includes a set of light sources 65 (which typically include a set of brightfield light sources (e.g. light emitting diodes) that are configured to be used for brightfield imaging of the sample, a set of fluorescent light sources (e.g. light emitting diodes) that are configured to be used for fluorescent imaging of the sample), and a camera (e.g., a CCD camera, or a CMOS camera) configured to image the sample.
  • the optical measurement unit also includes an optical-density-measurement unit 39 (shown in Fig.
  • the optical-density-measurement unit includes a set of optical-density-measurement light sources (e.g., light emitting diodes) and light detectors, which are configured for performing optical density measurements on the sample.
  • each of the aforementioned sets of light sources i.e., the set of brightfield light sources, the set of fluorescent light sources, and the set optical-density-measurement light sources
  • each of the aforementioned sets of light sources includes a plurality of light sources (e.g. a plurality of light emitting diodes), each of which is configured to emit light at a respective wavelength or at a respective band of wavelengths.
  • Figs. 3A and 3B are schematic illustrations of respective views of sample carrier 22, in accordance with some applications of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3A shows a top view of the sample carrier (the top cover of the sample carrier being shown as being opaque in Fig. 3A , for illustrative purposes), and
  • Fig. 3B shows a bottom view (in which the sample carrier has been rotated around its short edge with respect to the view shown in Fig. 3A ).
  • the sample carrier includes a first set 52 of one or more sample chambers, which are used for performing microscopic analysis upon the sample, and a second set 54 of sample chambers, which are used for performing optical density measurements upon the sample.
  • the sample chambers of the sample carrier are filled with a bodily sample, such as blood via sample inlet holes 38.
  • the sample chambers define one or more outlet holes 40.
  • the outlet holes are configured to facilitate filling of the sample chambers with the bodily sample, by allowing air that is present in the sample chambers to be released from the sample chambers.
  • the outlet holes are located longitudinally opposite the inlet holes (with respect to a sample chamber of the sample carrier). For some applications, the outlet holes thus provide a more efficient mechanism of air escape than if the outlet holes were to be disposed closer to the inlet holes.
  • the sample carrier includes at least three components: a molded component 42, a glass layer 44 (e.g., a glass sheet), and an adhesive layer 46 configured to adhere the glass layer to an underside of the molded component.
  • the molded component is typically made of a polymer (e.g., a plastic) that is molded (e.g., via injection molding) to provide the sample chambers with a desired geometrical shape.
  • the molded component is typically molded to define inlet holes 38, outlet holes 40, and gutters 48 which surround the central portion of each of the sample chambers.
  • the gutters typically facilitate filling of the sample chambers with the bodily sample, by allowing air to flow to the outlet holes, and/or by allowing the bodily sample to flow around the central portion of the sample chamber.
  • a sample carrier as shown in Figs. 3A-C is used when performing a complete blood count on a blood sample.
  • the sample carrier is used with optical measurement unit 31 configured as generally shown and described with reference to Figs. 2A-C .
  • a first portion of the blood sample is placed inside first set 52 of sample chambers (which are used for performing microscopic analysis upon the sample, e.g., using microscope system 37 (shown in Figs. 2B-C )), and a second portion of the blood sample is placed inside second set 54 of sample chambers (which are used for performing optical density measurements upon the sample, e.g., using optical-density-measurement unit 39 (shown in Fig. 2C )).
  • first set 52 of sample chambers includes a plurality of sample chambers
  • second set 54 of sample chambers includes only a single sample chamber, as shown.
  • the scope of the present application includes using any number of sample chambers (e.g., a single sample chamber or a plurality of sample chambers) within either the first set of sample chambers or within the second set of sample chambers, or any combination thereof.
  • the first portion of the blood sample is typically diluted with respect to the second portion of the blood sample.
  • the diluent may contain pH buffers, stains, fluorescent stains, antibodies, sphering agents, lysing agents, etc.
  • the second portion of the blood sample which is placed inside second set 54 of sample chambers is a natural, undiluted blood sample.
  • the second portion of the blood sample may be a sample that underwent some modification, including, for example, one or more of dilution (e.g., dilution in a controlled fashion), addition of a component or reagent, or fractionation.
  • one or more staining substances are used to stain the first portion of the blood sample (which is placed inside first set 52 of sample chambers) before the sample is imaged microscopically.
  • the staining substance may be configured to stain DNA with preference over staining of other cellular components.
  • the staining substance may be configured to stain all cellular nucleic acids with preference over staining of other cellular components.
  • the sample may be stained with acridine orange reagent, Hoechst reagent, and/or any other staining substance that is configured to preferentially stain DNA and/or RNA within the blood sample.
  • the staining substance is configured to stain all cellular nucleic acids but the staining of DNA and RNA are each more prominently visible under some lighting and filter conditions, as is known, for example, for acridine orange.
  • Images of the sample may be acquired using imaging conditions that allow detection of cells (e.g., brightfield) and/or imaging conditions that allow visualization of stained bodies (e.g. appropriate fluorescent illumination).
  • the first portion of the sample is stained with acridine orange and with a Hoechst reagent.
  • the first (diluted) portion of the blood sample may be prepared using techniques as described in US 9,329,129 to Pollak , which is incorporated herein by reference, and which describes a method for preparation of blood samples for analysis that involves a dilution step, the dilution step facilitating the identification and/or counting of components within microscopic images of the sample.
  • the first portion of the sample is stained with one or more stains that cause platelets within the sample to be visible under brightfield imaging conditions and/or under fluorescent imaging conditions, e.g., as described hereinabove.
  • the first portion of the sample may be stained with methylene blue and/or Romanowsky stains.
  • sample carrier 22 is supported within the optical measurement unit by stage 64.
  • the stage has a forked design, such that the sample carrier is supported by the stage around the edges of the sample carrier, but such that the stage does not interfere with the visibility of the sample chambers of the sample carrier by the optical measurement devices.
  • the sample carrier is held within the stage, such that molded component 42 of the sample carrier is disposed above the glass layer 44, and such that an objective lens 66 of a microscope unit of the optical measurement unit is disposed below the glass layer of the sample carrier.
  • At least some light sources 65 that are used during microscopic measurements that are performed upon the sample illuminate the sample carrier from above the molded component.
  • at least some additional light sources illuminate the sample carrier from below the sample carrier (e.g., via the objective lens).
  • light sources that are used to excite the sample during fluorescent microscopy may illuminate the sample carrier from below the sample carrier (e.g., via the objective lens).
  • the first portion of blood (which is placed in first set 52 of sample chambers) is allowed to settle such as to form a monolayer of cells, e.g., using techniques as described in US 9,329,129 to Pollak .
  • the term monolayer is used to mean a layer of cells that have settled, such as to be disposed within a single focus field of the microscope.
  • the monolayer there may be some overlap of cells, such that within certain areas there are two or more overlapping layers of cells.
  • red blood cells may overlap with each other within the monolayer, and/or platelets may overlap with, or be disposed above, red blood cells within the monolayer.
  • the microscopic analysis of the first portion of the blood sample is performed with respect to the monolayer of cells.
  • the first portion of the blood sample is imaged under brightfield imaging, i.e., under illumination from one or more light sources (e.g., one or more light emitting diodes, which typically emit light at respective spectral bands).
  • the first portion of the blood sample is additionally imaged under fluorescent imaging.
  • the fluorescent imaging is performed by exciting stained objects (i.e., objects that have absorbed the stain(s)) within the sample by directing light toward the sample at known excitation wavelengths (i.e., wavelengths at which it is known that stained objects emit fluorescent light if excited with light at those wavelengths), and detecting the fluorescent light.
  • a separate set of light sources e.g., one or more light emitting diodes
  • sample chambers belonging to set 52 have different heights from each other, in order to facilitate different measurands being measured using microscope images of respective sample chambers, and/or different sample chambers being used for microscopic analysis of respective sample types.
  • measurements may be performed within a sample chamber of the sample carrier having a greater height (i.e., a sample chamber of the sample carrier having a greater height relative to a different sample chamber having a relatively lower height), such that there is a sufficient density of cells, and/or such that there is a sufficient density of cells within the monolayer formed by the sample, to provide statistically reliable data.
  • Such measurements may include, for example red blood cell density measurements, measurements of other cellular attributes, (such as counts of abnormal red blood cells, red blood cells that include intracellular bodies (e.g., pathogens, Howell-Jolly bodies), etc.), and/or hemoglobin concentration.
  • a blood sample, and/or a monolayer formed by the sample has a relatively high density of red blood cells
  • measurements may be performed upon a sample chamber of the sample carrier having a relatively low height, for example, such that there is a sufficient sparsity of cells, and/or such that there is a sufficient sparsity of cells within the monolayer of cells formed by the sample, that the cells can be identified within microscopic images.
  • such methods are performed even without the variation in height between the sample chambers belonging to set 52 being precisely known.
  • the sample chamber within the sample carrier upon which to perform optical measurements is selected.
  • a sample chamber of the sample carrier having a greater height may be used to perform a white blood cell count (e.g., to reduce statistical errors which may result from a low count in a shallower region), white blood cell differentiation, and/or to detect more rare forms of white blood cells.
  • microscopic images may be obtained from a sample chamber of the sample carrier having a relatively low height, since in such sample chambers the cells are relatively sparsely distributed across the area of the region, and/or form a monolayer in which the cells are relatively sparsely distributed.
  • microscopic images may be obtained from a sample chamber of the sample carrier having a relatively low height, since within such sample chambers there are fewer red blood cells which overlap (fully or partially) with the platelets in microscopic images, and/or in a monolayer.
  • a sample chamber of the sample carrier having a lower height for performing optical measurements for measuring some measurands within a sample (such as a blood sample), whereas it is preferable to use a sample chamber of the sample carrier having a greater height for performing optical measurements for measuring other measurands within such a sample.
  • a first measurand within a sample is measured, by performing a first optical measurement upon (e.g., by acquiring microscopic images of) a portion of the sample that is disposed within a first sample chamber belonging to set 52 of the sample carrier, and a second measurand of the same sample is measured, by performing a second optical measurement upon (e.g., by acquiring microscopic images of) a portion of the sample that is disposed within a second sample chamber of set 52 of the sample carrier.
  • the first and second measurands are normalized with respect to each other, for example, using techniques as described in US 2019/0145963 to Zait .
  • an optical density measurement is performed on the second portion of the sample (which is typically placed into second set 54 of sample chambers in an undiluted form).
  • concentration and/or density of a component may be measured by performing optical absorption, transmittance, fluorescence, and/or luminescence measurements upon the sample.
  • sample chambers belonging to set 54 (which is used for optical density measurements), define at least a first region 56 (which is typically deeper) and a second region 58 (which is typically shallower), the height of the sample chambers varying between the first and second regions in a predefined manner, e.g., as described in US 2019/0302099 to Pollak .
  • first region 56 and second region 58 of the sample chamber are defined by a lower surface that is defined by the glass sheet and by an upper surface that is defined by the molded component.
  • the upper surface at the second region is stepped with respect to the upper surface at the first region.
  • the step between the upper surface at the first and second regions provides a predefined height difference ⁇ h between the regions, such that even if the absolute height of the regions is not known to a sufficient degree of accuracy (for example, due to tolerances in the manufacturing process), the height difference ⁇ h is known to a sufficient degree of accuracy to determine a parameter of the sample, using the techniques described herein, and as described in US 2019/0302099 to Pollak .
  • the height of the sample chamber varies from the first region 56 to the second region 58, and the height then varies again from the second region to a third region 59, such that, along the sample chamber, first region 56 defines a maximum height region, second region 58 defines a medium height region, and third region 59 defines a minimum height region.
  • additional variations in height occur along the length of the sample chamber, and/or the height varies gradually along the length of the sample chamber.
  • optical measurements are performed upon the sample using one or more optical measurement devices 24.
  • the sample is viewed by the optical measurement devices via the glass layer, glass being transparent at least to wavelengths that are typically used by the optical measurement device.
  • the sample carrier is inserted into optical measurement unit 31, which houses the optical measurement device while the optical measurements are performed.
  • the optical measurement unit houses the sample carrier such that the molded layer is disposed above the glass layer, and such that the optical measurement unit is disposed below the glass layer of the sample carrier and is able to perform optical measurements upon the sample via the glass layer.
  • the sample carrier is formed by adhering the glass layer to the molded component.
  • the glass layer and the molded component may be bonded to each other during manufacture or assembly (e.g. using thermal bonding, solvent-assisted bonding, ultrasonic welding, laser welding, heat staking, adhesive, mechanical clamping and/or additional substrates).
  • the glass layer and the molded component are bonded to each other during manufacture or assembly using adhesive layer 46.
  • a portion of a blood sample that comprises a cell suspension is placed within a sample chamber that is a cavity 55 that includes a base surface 57 (shown in Fig. 3C ).
  • the cavity is a closed (i.e., covered) cavity, or is an open (i.e., uncovered) cavity.
  • the first portion of the blood sample is typically placed in first set 52 of the sample chambers.
  • the first portion of the blood sample is placed in first set 52 of the sample chambers, subsequent to the first portion of the blood sample having been diluted.
  • the cells in the cell suspension are allowed to settle on the base surface of the sample chamber to form a monolayer of cells on the base surface of the sample chamber.
  • the term monolayer is used to mean a layer of cells that have settled, such as to be disposed within a single focus field of the microscope (referred to herein as "the monolayer focus field").
  • the monolayer focus field Within the monolayer there may be some overlap of cells, such that within certain areas there are two or more overlapping layers of cells.
  • red blood cells may overlap with each other within the monolayer, and/or platelets may overlap with, or be disposed above, red blood cells within the monolayer.
  • At least one microscopic image of at least a portion of the monolayer of cells is typically acquired.
  • a plurality of images of the monolayer are acquired, each of the images corresponding to an imaging field that is located at a respective, different area within the imaging plane of the monolayer.
  • an optimum depth level at which to focus the microscope in order to image the monolayer is determined, e.g., using techniques as described in US 10,176,565 to Greenfield .
  • respective imaging fields have different optimum depth levels from each other.
  • platelets that have settled within the monolayer are identified within the at least one microscopic image of at least a portion of the monolayer of cells.
  • the inventors of the present application have noticed that it is often the case that, even after having been left to settle such as to form a monolayer using the techniques described herein, not all of the platelets within a blood sample settle within the monolayer, and some cells continue to be suspended within the cell solution. More specifically, the inventors have found that it is typically the case that, even after the sample has been left to settle for approximately two minutes, between 10 percent and 70 percent of the platelets within the sample do not settle within the monolayer focus field. Typically, if the monolayer is allowed to form over a longer time period, then more platelets settle within the monolayer focus field.
  • the inventors have found that even if the monolayer is allowed to form over a relatively long time period (e.g., between 15 and 30 minutes), some platelets still remain suspended within the solution such that the platelets are not disposed within the monolayer focus field.
  • the number of platelets that remain suspended within the solution is dependent on the time for which the monolayer is allowed to form, in addition to the height of the cavity in which the cell solution is placed.
  • platelets that are suspended within the cell solution are identified, in addition to identifying platelets within the monolayer focus field.
  • such platelets are identified by focusing the microscope at additional depth levels to the depth level(s) to which the microscope is focused in order to image the monolayer of cells (referred to herein as "the monolayer depth level(s)"), and acquiring images at the additional depth levels.
  • the platelets within the images that are acquired at the additional depth levels are identified and counted, and, based upon the count of platelets within those images, a total count of the platelets that are suspended within the cell solution is estimated.
  • the platelets that are suspended within the cell solution are identified by acquiring microscopic images at additional depth levels.
  • the height interval between successive additional depth levels at which the cell solution is imaged is dependent upon the depth of focus of the microscope optical system.
  • the microscope may be focused at additional depth levels that are separated from each other by a given height difference (e.g., between 1 micron and 10 microns), over the height of the portion of the sample that is within the sample chamber.
  • a given height difference e.g., between 1 micron and 10 microns
  • microscopic images of the sample chamber are acquired from a relatively large number of imaging fields, as described hereinabove.
  • microscopic images of the monolayer may be acquired from between 100 and 500 imaging fields. Typically, between 5 and 100 (e.g., between 10 and 50) of these imaging fields are optimized for identifying platelets, by acquiring these images at an increased exposure time relative to other images. For some applications, for each of the additional depth levels, microscopic images are acquired from only a subset of the imaging fields, in order to reduce the amount of time that it takes to image the portion of the sample relative to if microscopic images are acquired from all of the imaging fields. For example, microscopic images from between 3 and 10 imaging fields may be acquired within each of the additional depth levels.
  • the ratio of (a) the number of imaging fields at which the monolayer is imaged and that are optimized for identifying platelets (e.g., by having an increased exposure time, as described above) to (b) the number of imaging fields at which each of the additional depth levels is imaged is between 2:1 and 10:1. For some applications, the ratio is 1:1.
  • the portion of the sample is imaged at the additional depth levels under brightfield imaging, e.g., as described hereinabove.
  • the portion of the sample is imaged at the additional depth levels under fluorescent imaging, e.g., as described hereinabove.
  • the first portion of the sample is stained with one or more stains that cause platelets within the sample to be visible under brightfield imaging conditions and/or under fluorescent imaging conditions, e.g., as described hereinabove.
  • the first portion of the sample may be stained with methylene blue and/or Romanowsky stains.
  • images having imaging parameters that are not necessarily optimized for platelet detection are acquired at the additional depth levels, for example, in order to detect other entities, which may otherwise be confused with platelets.
  • Figs. 4A and 4B are microscope images acquired from the monolayer depth level under brightfield imaging using respective imaging parameters, in accordance with some applications of the present invention.
  • a platelet 60 is identifiable within the images, and the platelet is surrounded by erythrocytes 61.
  • the erythrocytes are in focus, since the images were acquired at the monolayer depth level, within which the erythrocytes are settled.
  • Fig. 5 which is a fluoroscopic microscope image acquired from the monolayer depth level, in accordance with some applications of the present invention.
  • a platelet 60 is identifiable within the images, and the platelet is surrounded by erythrocytes, which are faintly visible.
  • Figs. 6A and 6B are microscope images acquired from an additional depth level (i.e., not the monolayer depth level) under brightfield imaging, using respective imaging parameters, in accordance with some applications of the present invention.
  • a platelet 60 is identifiable within the images, and erythrocytes are visible in the background. The erythrocytes are out of focus since the images were not acquired at the monolayer depth level within which the erythrocytes have settled.
  • Fig. 7 is a fluoroscopic microscope image acquired from the additional depth level, in accordance with some applications of the present invention. Again, a platelet 60 is identifiable within the images.
  • platelets that have not settled within the monolayer are identified within the images that are acquired at the additional depth levels. (It is noted the identified platelets may include platelets that are out of focus within the additional depth levels.) Further typically, based upon the platelets that are identified within the images that are acquired at the additional depth levels, a count of the platelets that have not settled within the monolayer is estimated.
  • the computer processor is configured to avoid duplicate counts of platelets within images that are acquired at adjacent depth levels, by identifying platelets within images that are acquired at adjacent depth levels that are disposed at similar locations to each other within the imaging plane and determining whether the platelets as identified at each of the depth levels are likely to correspond to a single (i.e., the same) platelet. For some applications, in determining whether the platelets as identified at each of the adjacent depth levels are likely to correspond to a single (i.e., the same) platelet, the computer processor accounts for lateral movement of the platelets between the images acquired at each of the adjacent depth levels.
  • the computer processor is configured to account for interference with the visibility of platelets by white blood cells that are disposed within the monolayer and/or that are suspended within the cell solution. For example, within fluorescent images that are acquired at the additional depth levels, white blood cells that fluoresce within the monolayer are typically visible and interfere with the visibility of platelets that are disposed above the white blood cells. Therefore, platelets that are disposed above white blood cells within the monolayer may be excluded from the platelet count. Since platelets within the volumes above white blood cells are excluded from the count, the number of platelets within these volumes may be estimated. Alternatively or additionally, in order to perform the above-described estimate, the computer processor is configured to account for interference with the visibility of platelets by red blood cells that are disposed within the monolayer, and that may interfere with the identification of platelets within brightfield images.
  • counts of platelets within the monolayer depth level and/or within the additional depth levels are normalized, and/or other statistical analysis techniques are applied to one or both of these counts.
  • the count of the platelets within a given imaging field may be normalized with respect to the red blood cell count within that field, the time dynamics of the settling of the platelets may be incorporated into the estimate of platelets that are not settled within the monolayer, and/or outliers may be removed from the estimates.
  • additional imaging fields are imaged, if there is a low platelet count, if there are outlier fields (e.g., with very high or very low platelet counts), and/or if imaging fields that are imaged at the additional depth levels are rejected due to errors.
  • a count of the platelets that have settled within the monolayer is compared to a count of the platelets that have not settled within the monolayer.
  • an output is generated in response to the comparison.
  • a clinical condition is derived and outputted to a user, based upon the comparison of the count of the platelets that have settled within the monolayer and the count of the platelets that have not settled within the monolayer.
  • the extent of platelet activation within the sample may be derived, at least partially based upon the comparison.
  • a clinical condition may be derived based upon the size, shape, settling time, and/or settling dynamics of the platelets.
  • the settling dynamics of the platelets are determined by imaging the same imaging field a plurality of times, with a time interval between each of the image acquisitions, and/or by determining until what height within the sample chamber platelets are present at a given time.
  • the computer processor generates an output indicating that the sample should be prepared in a different way to how it was prepared (e.g., by modifying the diluent within which the sample is diluted, by adding a platelet activation agent, and/or by adding a coagulation agent), based upon the comparison.
  • the portion of the blood sample is invalidated from being used for performing at least some measurements upon the sample. For example, if the ratio of unsettled platelets to settled platelets is greater than a first given threshold, and/or lower than a second given threshold, then this might be interpreted as being indicative of a problem with the sample and/or the preparation thereof.
  • a parameter of the sample (such as platelet volume, mean platelet volume, and/or median platelet volume) is determined based upon a measurement that is performed upon the first portion of the sample.
  • the measurement is calibrated, based upon the comparison between properties of the platelets that have settled within the monolayer and properties of the platelets that have not settled within the monolayer.
  • Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are flowcharts showing steps of methods that are performed with respect to platelets within a blood sample, in accordance with some applications of the present invention.
  • a cell suspension is placed within a sample chamber (step 70) and allowed to settle to form a monolayer (step 71).
  • step 71 a monolayer
  • step 72 at least one image is acquired while the microscope is focused at the monolayer-depth-level (step 72), and platelets that have settled within the monolayer are identified in the image (step 74).
  • At least one microscopic image of the sample is acquired, while the microscope is focused at a different depth level from the monolayer-depth-level (step 73), and platelets that have not settled within the monolayer are identified within the at least one microscopic image at the different depth level from the monolayer-depth-level (step 75).
  • An output at least partially based upon the platelets identified as having settled within the monolayer and the platelets identified as not having settled within the monolayer, is generated (step 79), as shown. For some applications, as shown in Fig.
  • a first platelet count of platelets that have settled within the monolayer is determined (step 76), and a second count of platelets that have not settled within the monolayer is determined (step 77).
  • An output is then generated (step 78) based upon the first and second platelet counts. For example, an output may be generated based on a comparison between the first and second platelet counts, in accordance with the methods described hereinabove.
  • the scope of the present invention includes applying the apparatus and methods described herein to a variety of entities within a variety of samples, mutatis mutandis.
  • the apparatus and methods that are described with reference to identifying platelets that have not settled within a monolayer may be performed with respect to other entities within a blood sample, mutatis mutandis.
  • Such entities may include white blood cells, anomalous white blood cells, circulating tumor cells, red blood cells, reticulocytes, Howell-Jolly bodies, foreign bodies (such as bacteria, fungi, yeast or parasites), entities that are added to a diluent (such as beads), etc.
  • Fig. 10 is a flowchart showing steps of a method that is performed with respect entities within a blood sample, in accordance with some applications of the present invention.
  • a cell suspension is placed within a sample chamber (step 70) and allowed to settle to form a monolayer (step 71).
  • step 71 a monolayer
  • step 72 a monolayer-depth-level
  • At least one microscopic image of the sample is acquired, while the microscope is focused at a different depth level from the monolayer-depth-level (step 73), and entities of the given type that have not settled within the monolayer are identified within the at least one microscopic image at the different depth level from the monolayer-depth-level (step 94).
  • An output at least partially based upon the entities of the given type identified as having settled within the monolayer and the entities of the given type identified as not having settled within the monolayer, is generated, as shown (step 96).
  • the apparatus and methods described herein are applied to a biological sample, such as, blood, saliva, semen, sweat, sputum, vaginal fluid, stool, breast milk, bronchoalveolar lavage, gastric lavage, tears and/or nasal discharge, mutatis mutandis.
  • the biological sample may be from any living creature, and is typically from warm blooded animals.
  • the biological sample is a sample from a mammal, e.g., from a human body.
  • the sample is taken from any domestic animal, zoo animals and farm animals, including but not limited to dogs, cats, horses, cows and sheep.
  • the biological sample is taken from animals that act as disease vectors including deer or rats.
  • the apparatus and methods described herein are applied to a non-bodily sample.
  • the sample is an environmental sample, such as, a water (e.g. groundwater) sample, surface swab, soil sample, air sample, or any combination thereof, mutatis mutandis.
  • the sample is a food sample, such as, a meat sample, dairy sample, water sample, wash-liquid sample, beverage sample, and/or any combination thereof.
  • the sample as described herein is a sample that includes blood or components thereof (e.g., a diluted or non-diluted whole blood sample, a sample including predominantly red blood cells, or a diluted sample including predominantly red blood cells), and parameters are determined relating to components in the blood such as platelets, white blood cells, anomalous white blood cells, circulating tumor cells, red blood cells, reticulocytes, Howell-Jolly bodies, etc.
  • blood or components thereof e.g., a diluted or non-diluted whole blood sample, a sample including predominantly red blood cells, or a diluted sample including predominantly red blood cells
  • parameters are determined relating to components in the blood such as platelets, white blood cells, anomalous white blood cells, circulating tumor cells, red blood cells, reticulocytes, Howell-Jolly bodies, etc.
  • a computer-usable or computer-readable medium e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium
  • a computer-usable or computer readable medium can be any apparatus that can comprise, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • the medium can be an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system (or apparatus or device) or a propagation medium.
  • the computer-usable or computer readable medium is a non-transitory computer-usable or computer readable medium.
  • Examples of a computer-readable medium include a semiconductor or solid state memory, magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a random-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a rigid magnetic disk and an optical disk.
  • Current examples of optical disks include compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM), compact disk-read/write (CD-R/W) and DVD.
  • a data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing program code will include at least one processor (e.g., computer processor 28) coupled directly or indirectly to memory elements (e.g., memory 30) through a system bus.
  • the memory elements can include local memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulk storage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at least some program code in order to reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from bulk storage during execution.
  • the system can read the inventive instructions on the program storage devices and follow these instructions to execute the methodology of the embodiments of the invention.
  • Network adapters may be coupled to the processor to enable the processor to become coupled to other processors or remote printers or storage devices through intervening private or public networks.
  • Modems, cable modem and Ethernet cards are just a few of the currently available types of network adapters.
  • Computer program code for carrying out operations of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object-oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the C programming language or similar programming languages.
  • object-oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like
  • conventional procedural programming languages such as the C programming language or similar programming languages.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart blocks and algorithms.
  • the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the algorithms described in the present application.
  • Computer processor 28 is typically a hardware device programmed with computer program instructions to produce a special purpose computer. For example, when programmed to perform the algorithms described herein, computer processor 28 typically acts as a special purpose sample-analysis computer processor. Typically, the operations described herein that are performed by computer processor 28 transform the physical state of memory 30, which is a real physical article, to have a different magnetic polarity, electrical charge, or the like depending on the technology of the memory that is used.

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Claims (15)

  1. Procédé comprenant :
    le placement d'au moins une partie d'un échantillon de sang dans une suspension de cellules à l'intérieur d'une chambre d'échantillon (52) qui est une cavité (55) qui comporte une surface de base (57) ;
    la permission pour les cellules dans la suspension de cellules de se déposer sur la surface de base (57) de la chambre d'échantillon (52) pour former une monocouche de cellules sur la surface de base (57) de la chambre d'échantillon (52) ;
    l'acquisition d'au moins une première image microscopique d'au moins une partie de la monocouche de cellules, au moyen d'un microscope (37) alors que le microscope (37) est mis au point sur un niveau de profondeur de monocouche, au niveau duquel la monocouche est à l'intérieur de la mise au point du microscope (37) ;
    l'identification de plaquettes qui se sont déposées à l'intérieur de la monocouche, à l'intérieur de l'au moins une image microscopique ;
    sur la base des plaquettes qui sont identifiées à l'intérieur de l'au moins une image microscopique, la détermination d'une première numération plaquettaire de plaquettes qui se sont déposées à l'intérieur de la monocouche ;
    l'acquisition d'au moins une image microscopique supplémentaire de la partie de l'échantillon au moyen du microscope (37), alors que le microscope (37) est mis au point sur un niveau de profondeur différent du niveau de profondeur de monocouche ;
    l'identification de plaquettes qui ne se sont pas déposées à l'intérieur de la monocouche, à l'intérieur de l'au moins une image microscopique supplémentaire ;
    sur la base des plaquettes qui sont identifiées à l'intérieur de l'au moins une image microscopique supplémentaire, la détermination d'une deuxième numération plaquettaire de plaquettes qui ne se sont pas déposées à l'intérieur de la monocouche ; le procédé étant caractérisé par
    la comparaison des première et deuxième numérations plaquettaires l'une à l'autre ; et
    la génération d'une sortie sur la base de la comparaison des première et deuxième numérations plaquettaires l'une à l'autre.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre la dérivation d'une erreur avec l'échantillon de sang au moins partiellement basée sur la comparaison des première et deuxième numérations plaquettaires l'une à l'autre, dans lequel la génération de la sortie comprend la génération d'une indication de l'erreur.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre la dérivation d'une erreur avec la préparation de l'échantillon de sang au moins partiellement basée sur la comparaison des première et deuxième numérations plaquettaires l'une à l'autre, dans lequel la génération de la sortie comprend la génération d'une indication de l'erreur.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre la dérivation d'une condition clinique du sujet au moins partiellement basée sur la comparaison des première et deuxième numérations plaquettaires l'une à l'autre, dans lequel la génération de la sortie comprend la génération d'une indication de la condition clinique.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre la dérivation d'une mesure d'activation plaquettaire au moins partiellement basée sur la comparaison des première et deuxième numérations plaquettaires l'une à l'autre, dans lequel la génération de la sortie comprend la génération d'une indication de l'activation plaquettaire.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'identification de plaquettes qui ne se sont pas déposées à l'intérieur de la monocouche à l'intérieur de l'au moins une image microscopique supplémentaire comprend la prise en compte d'une interférence avec la visibilité de plaquettes par des globules blancs qui sont disposés à l'intérieur de la monocouche.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'identification de plaquettes qui ne se sont pas déposées à l'intérieur de la monocouche à l'intérieur de l'au moins une image microscopique comprend la prise en compte d'une interférence avec la visibilité de plaquettes par des globules rouges qui sont disposés à l'intérieur de la monocouche.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel :
    l'acquisition de l'au moins une première image microscopique de la partie de la monocouche de cellules comprend l'acquisition d'un premier nombre d'images de la monocouche au niveau de champs d'imagerie respectifs alors que le microscope (37) est mis au point sur un ou plusieurs niveaux de profondeur de monocouche, sur lesquels la monocouche est à l'intérieur de la mise au point du microscope (37) ;
    l'acquisition de l'au moins une image microscopique supplémentaire de la partie de l'échantillon comprend l'acquisition d'un deuxième nombre d'images au niveau de champs d'imagerie respectifs, alors que le microscope (37) est mis au point sur le niveau de profondeur différent du niveau de profondeur de monocouche ; et
    un rapport entre le premier nombre et le deuxième nombre est supérieur à 2:1.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-8, dans lequel :
    l'acquisition de l'au moins une image microscopique supplémentaire de la partie de l'échantillon comprend l'acquisition d'une pluralité d'images microscopiques supplémentaires, alors que le microscope (37) est mis au point à des niveaux de profondeur respectifs différents du niveau de profondeur de monocouche ; et
    l'identification de plaquettes qui ne se sont pas déposées à l'intérieur de la monocouche à l'intérieur de l'au moins une image microscopique comprend l'évitement de numérations plaquettaires en double à l'intérieur d'images qui sont acquises sur des niveaux de profondeur adjacents.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel l'évitement de numérations plaquettaires en double à l'intérieur d'images qui sont acquises sur des niveaux de profondeur adjacents comprend la prise en compte d'un mouvement latéral de plaquettes entre des acquisitions des images qui sont acquises sur des niveaux de profondeur adjacents.
  11. Appareil comprenant :
    une chambre d'échantillon (52) qui est une cavité (55) qui comporte une surface de base (57) et qui est configurée pour recevoir au moins une partie d'un échantillon de sang qui est une suspension de cellules et pour permette aux cellules dans la suspension de cellules de se déposer sur la surface de base (57) de la chambre d'échantillon (52) pour former une monocouche de cellules sur la surface de base (57) de la chambre d'échantillon (52) ;
    un microscope (37) configuré pour acquérir :
    au moins une première image microscopique d'au moins une partie de la monocouche de cellules, alors que le microscope (37) est mis au point sur un niveau de profondeur de monocouche, sur lequel la monocouche est à l'intérieur de la mise au point du microscope (37), et
    au moins une image microscopique supplémentaire de la partie de l'échantillon, alors que le microscope (37) est mis au point sur un niveau de profondeur différent du niveau de profondeur de monocouche ; et
    un processeur d'ordinateur (28) configuré pour :
    identifier des plaquettes qui se sont déposées à l'intérieur de la monocouche, à l'intérieur de l'au moins une première image microscopique,
    déterminer une première numération plaquettaire de plaquettes qui se sont déposées à l'intérieur de la monocouche, sur la base des plaquettes qui sont identifiées à l'intérieur de l'au moins une image microscopique,
    identifier des plaquettes qui ne se sont pas déposées à l'intérieur de la monocouche, à l'intérieur de l'au moins une image microscopique supplémentaire,
    déterminer une deuxième numération plaquettaire de plaquettes qui ne se sont pas déposées à l'intérieur de la monocouche, sur la base des plaquettes qui sont identifiées à l'intérieur de l'au moins une image microscopique supplémentaire ; caractérisé en ce que le processeur d'ordinateur (28) est en outre configuré pour :
    comparer les première et deuxième numérations plaquettaires l'une à l'autre ; et
    générer une sortie sur la base de la comparaison des première et deuxième numérations plaquettaires l'une à l'autre.
  12. Appareil selon la revendication 11, dans lequel le processeur d'ordinateur (28) est configuré pour dériver une erreur avec l'échantillon de sang au moins partiellement sur la base de la comparaison des première et deuxième numérations plaquettaires l'une à l'autre, dans lequel la génération de la sortie comprend la génération d'une indication de l'erreur.
  13. Appareil selon la revendication 11, dans lequel le processeur d'ordinateur (28) est configuré pour dériver une erreur avec la préparation de l'échantillon de sang au moins partiellement sur la base de la comparaison des première et deuxième numérations plaquettaires l'une à l'autre, dans lequel la génération de la sortie comprend la génération d'une indication de l'erreur.
  14. Appareil selon la revendication 11, dans lequel le processeur d'ordinateur (28) est configuré pour dériver une condition clinique du sujet au moins partiellement sur la base de la comparaison des première et deuxième numérations plaquettaires l'une à l'autre, dans lequel la génération de la sortie comprend la génération d'une indication de la condition clinique.
  15. Appareil selon la revendication 11, dans lequel le processeur d'ordinateur (28) est configuré pour dériver une mesure d'activation plaquettaire au moins partiellement sur la base de la comparaison des première et deuxième numérations plaquettaires l'une à l'autre, dans lequel la génération de la sortie comprend la génération d'une indication de l'activation plaquettaire.
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CN114787625A (zh) 2022-07-22
AU2020400400A1 (en) 2022-05-26
CA3160688A1 (fr) 2021-06-17
MX2022007119A (es) 2022-07-11
BR112022011233A2 (pt) 2022-08-30
EP4073508C0 (fr) 2025-02-05
JP2023506416A (ja) 2023-02-16
ZA202206311B (en) 2024-10-30
WO2021116955A1 (fr) 2021-06-17
US20230003622A1 (en) 2023-01-05
EP4073508A1 (fr) 2022-10-19

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