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EP4062979A1 - Appareil extincteur d'incendie - Google Patents

Appareil extincteur d'incendie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4062979A1
EP4062979A1 EP22162315.0A EP22162315A EP4062979A1 EP 4062979 A1 EP4062979 A1 EP 4062979A1 EP 22162315 A EP22162315 A EP 22162315A EP 4062979 A1 EP4062979 A1 EP 4062979A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water mist
fire extinguishing
extinguishing apparatus
mist fire
attack
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP22162315.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Adolfo Cristanini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP4062979A1 publication Critical patent/EP4062979A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0072—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using sprayed or atomised water
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C15/00—Extinguishers essentially of the knapsack type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C25/00—Portable extinguishers with power-driven pumps

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to a apparatus for extinguishing a fire.
  • the invention relates to a so-called first fire attack apparatus, that is to say for extinguishing a fire which is in the initial stage.
  • the fire extinguishing apparatus is an apparatus that makes use of water mist (WM) technology.
  • WM water mist
  • a water mist fire extinguishing apparatus is called a water mist fire extinguishing apparatus.
  • water mist is a well-known and well-defined term in the field of fire-fighting appliances and equipment and generally refers to a technology for extinguishing a fire by means of a mist of water droplets.
  • the water mist technology is a technology in accordance with certain international standards and satisfies the need to extinguish the slightest start of a fire with the use of very little water and is particularly useful for avoiding, unlike traditional systems with tanks, many litres of water with evident damage from flooding, and which determine a destruction of the environment.
  • a water mist technology uses lower flow rates, in the order of 8 litres/min at high pressure, such as, for example, 90 bar.
  • the prior art water mist apparatuses have a heavy weight of around or even greater than 130 kg, and may not therefore be transported by an operator through narrow spaces, such as for example corridors of submarines, small boats and aircraft cabins, and allow areas close to the start of the fire, wherever they are, to be reached.
  • this apparatus is not a transportable apparatus, that is to say, it may not be handled or moved only with the physical force of a single operator.
  • a key point of the water mist technology is represented by the high efficiency demonstrated by the quality of the water mist jet where the correct dispersion of the size of the droplets, obtained with special nozzles, from a few microns up to 200 microns, guarantees maximum efficiency for the first attack especially in confined areas.
  • the greater the degree of nebulization that is, the smaller the size of each droplet with the same flow rate, the greater is the water-combustion gas contact surface, which corresponds to a higher evaporation rate for water with a drastic effect of cooling on the fire and at the same time increased rate of oxygen displacement and thermal barrier formation as the droplets act as a gas-like agent.
  • a technical problem underlying the invention resides in providing a respective water mist fire extinguishing apparatus with an improved functionality compared to prior art appliances, as well as achieving further advantages.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus is an apparatus having a total weight of less than or equal to 80 kg and configured to be transportable and functionally and temporally autonomous to attack the fire for up to a maximum time of 300 sec.
  • the fire-fighting apparatus further includes at least the following components:
  • a pressure generator preferably means a device comprising a motor, for example an electric motor, and a pump wherein the motor drives the pump.
  • the pump is coupled to the motor through a respective coupling joint.
  • a water mist fire extinguishing apparatus which includes all the components necessary to be autonomous and which is also transportable, preferably by hand.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus is therefore freely transportable, with no restrictions to perform its function.
  • the term "transportable” means a device or apparatus which, in addition to being autonomous, may also be carried or moved by a single person to the site of the intervention, more precisely up to close to the start of the fire.
  • the apparatus may be handled or moved, close to the start of a fire, even only with the physical force of a single operator.
  • the total weight of the apparatus of below 80 kg allows, in fact, a single operator to transport the appliance, even manually, to the site of the first attack on the fire.
  • the apparatus is light enough to be moved or handled by a single operator even when he/she is forced to pass through confined spaces.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is configured to be functionally and temporally autonomous, that is, to have a period of autonomy of attack to limit the fire, for a limited period of time and in particular up to a maximum time of 300 seconds.
  • the autonomy may be for a certain initial period of time since, during this initial period of time, the apparatus may work with the integrated tank. That is to say that the apparatus is configured in such a way that it may operate individually, that is, without the need for connection to external sources, only for a first period of time, or initial period of time, equal to a maximum of 300 seconds, after which the apparatus must be connected to an external source in order to function.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus is configured to be transported, preferably by hand, to the site of the first attack on the fire, that is to say, close to the start of the fire, without having to depend on external power sources, for example from a vehicle or other form of E-power and without necessarily having to depend on external water supply, at least for an initial time for attack on the fire.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is conceived to be of the autonomous type, independent of external energy sources, and transportable by an operator.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus includes at least one support structure for supporting said components.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus includes two or more support structures, wherein a support structure supports some of said components and a second support structure supports the remaining components.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus includes a first support structure for supporting the energy accumulator, pressure generator, nebulizing device, control device and tube.
  • a second support structure may be provided to support the tank.
  • the two support structures may be transportable independently of each other in order to distribute the weight of the components between the two support structures.
  • the tube and/or the nebulizing device may be housed on the second support structure together with the tank. The distribution of the components may be chosen according to the transport needs.
  • both the first support structure and the second support structure may be provided with a liquid tank, in such a way as to increase the quantity of liquid available and the autonomy time of the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus.
  • liquid generally refers to a fluid, for example water, suitable for water mist technology.
  • the support structure may be a container body, such as a containment box, for example configured like a suitcase, with a possible appropriate handgrip, and which allows the typical performance levels of water mist technology to be combined with autonomy and handling requirements.
  • the support structure may alternatively be configured as a generic support framework which is transportable, and possibly also in a wearable form.
  • the first support structure may be configured as a suitcase, the second support structure may be configured as a wearable frame, for example a backpack, or similar harness that may be worn on the back. In this way the weights of the above-mentioned components may be distributed.
  • One or both of the support structures may be provided with a trolley, or with wheels to facilitate and further ease the transport.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus With the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus according to the invention it is possible to have access to very small restricted areas, such as engine rooms, small ships, for example submarines, and the like. Moreover, the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus is particularly advantageous when the building or premises are very large. In fact, even in the case of large buildings, the use of one or more water mist fire extinguishing apparatuses may be advantageous since, being transportable, it avoids the installation of a significant static fire-extinguishing system. In other words, it is not necessary to provide several fixed and permanent systems, as it is sufficient to carry one or a small number of water mist fire extinguishing apparatuses to the site by hand.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus may also be configured to be connected immediately or at a later time to an external water supply system with an optional extension pipe.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus after having finished the period of time of less than 300 seconds, in which it is configured, to be functionally and temporally autonomous, that is to say it has been shown to be able to provide autonomous operation, may be connected to an external water source. This gives time to attack the fire immediately and during the first attack time to connect the apparatus to an external supply. The possibility of immediately containing the fire is therefore not lost, and fire management times are optimized.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus according to the invention allows it to be moved to the fire point so as to immediately contain the fire.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus according to the invention may be brought close to the start of the fire to promptly prevent its propagation.
  • the apparatus is already positioned at a water supply point, even of minimal dimensions (e.g. 1 ⁇ 2" or 3 ⁇ 4" connection) and there is no certainty of the extent of the fire, the firefighters may head towards the fire holding only the lance and very lightweight extensions, which may be easily positioned equipped with quick connection fittings in order to reach even the furthest points from the fire without having to worry about whether the small tank available, or the at least two tanks, may or may not be sufficient to effectively attack the fire.
  • minimal dimensions e.g. 1 ⁇ 2" or 3 ⁇ 4" connection
  • a first attack on the fire with water mist technology may be carried out for a rapid, precise and targeted extinguishing in areas of difficult access and in many restricted areas including pleasure and military boats (living areas, engine room and operational areas).
  • the operation of the apparatus is substantially performed by means of the above-mentioned pressure generator, preferably a pump driven by an electric motor powered by dedicated batteries, which power the nebulizing device, such as preferably a hand lance capable of producing a water mist spray for extinguishing fires.
  • the nebulizing device such as preferably a hand lance capable of producing a water mist spray for extinguishing fires.
  • water mist means an apparatus which, regardless of its technical structure and configuration, is capable of emitting a nebulized jet.
  • the main feature of a water mist system is to use water in finely divided droplets, such as to optimize the combination of heat extraction, inertization and blocking of radiant heat, that is to say, factors that have proved particularly effective in the extinguishing action.
  • Another feature of a water mist system is the minimum quantity of water that is used in controlling a possible fire.
  • the typical flow rates of the water mist nozzles are in fact much lower, even centesimal compared to traditional full jet extinguishing systems, as their very fine nebulization increases the contact surface and therefore the heat exchange in an extraordinary manner.
  • the ratio of the surface developed by the droplets to that of 1 litre of water exceeds the value of 500.
  • a Water Mist system or rather a Fine Water Spray system is therefore substantially a system capable of delivering water in finely divided droplets, directed appropriately with respect to the area to be protected and in an adequate quantity to extinguish the hypothetical fire, maximising the efficiency of the water supply, that is, in such a way that the entire flow rate is vaporised by the heat of combustion without wetting the floor, walls and objects and therefore avoiding the indirect damage created by a traditional fire-fighting intervention, that is, with a traditional water jet or with extinguishing powders or foams.
  • the water mist technology according to the invention is currently a technology accurately encoded by the NFPA 750 standard.
  • the water mist technology thus defines a nebulized jet in which the droplet size is less than 1000 ⁇ m for 99% of the total droplets dispensed.
  • the water mist systems have been classified into 3 classes, depending on the droplet size with values up to 200 ⁇ m for Class 1 systems and gradually higher, up to 1000 ⁇ m in the Class 3 systems.
  • the water mist technology is mainly used in static systems with indicative pressures of between 10-30 bar, while the systems that exceed this value, generally of the mobile type such as that of the invention, are called high pressure and may even reach 300 bar.
  • each embodiment of the object of this invention may have one or more of the advantages listed above; however, no embodiment is required to simultaneously have all the listed advantages.
  • a water mist fire extinguishing apparatus according to the invention is denoted in its entirety with the reference numeral 10.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus is a transportable and functionally and temporally autonomous apparatus.
  • transportable means a apparatus that may be transported, that is to say, moved or handled even just with the physical strength of a single operator.
  • the apparatus is preferably but not exclusively movable by hand by a single user, such as a fireman.
  • the apparatus includes a support structure, for example configured like a suitcase, or case and may be provided with a handgrip 21.
  • the support structure may preferably be provided with a trolley, or with wheels to facilitate and further ease the transport.
  • the expression "functionally autonomous” means a apparatus that does not require external components in order to function, that is to say, an apparatus that does not necessarily have to be connected to any other component, which is not already part of the apparatus itself, in order to be functional, that is, to make the water mist apparatus work.
  • the apparatus does not necessarily have to be connected to an external electrical power supply and an external source of liquid L is not necessarily needed.
  • the apparatus does not require, in order to carry out its function, external inputs, or sources external to the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10.
  • the total weight of the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 according to the invention is less than or equal to 80 kg, for example between about 70 kg and 30 kg, preferably between 55 kg and 35 kg, even more preferably less than 50 kg.
  • the above-mentioned functional and temporal autonomy of the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 is at least an autonomy to be able to carry out a very first attack on the fire, and to attack the fire for up to a maximum time equal to 300 seconds.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus is configured to be functionally and temporally autonomous for a maximum time of less than 300 sec.
  • this maximum time is between 300 sec. and 15 sec., preferably between 300 sec. and 45 sec., preferably between 240 sec. and 50 sec., even more preferably between 180 sec. and 60 sec., for example about 120 sec.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 comprises a containment box 11, having the function of said support structure, and the following functional components are housed inside said containment box 11 to perform the water mist fire-fighting function independently, that is, a liquid tank 25, preferably an aqueous solution, or plain water L, a tube 17, preferably a rubber hose, a pressure generator 12 connected to the tank and configured to pressurize the liquid towards a first end of the flexible tube, a nebulizing device 20 located at a second end of the flexible tube, an energy accumulator 18, and a control device 30 for controlling the pressure generator 12.
  • a liquid tank 25 preferably an aqueous solution, or plain water L
  • a tube 17, preferably a rubber hose preferably a pressure generator 12 connected to the tank and configured to pressurize the liquid towards a first end of the flexible tube
  • a nebulizing device 20 located at a second end of the flexible tube
  • an energy accumulator 18 for controlling the pressure generator 12.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 has reduced overall dimensions, that is to say, a reduced volume.
  • the overall dimensions, or volume are less than 400mm X 600mm X 800mm. More preferably, the overall dimensions or volume is less than 350mm X 550mm X 750mm, and even more preferably less than or equal to 290mm X 520mm X 650mm.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 is therefore particularly compact. This makes it easier to transport and move, especially in confined places.
  • the energy accumulator 18 is connected in a known manner to a pressure generator 12 and a control device 30 to allow its operation.
  • the control device 30 may be a set of elements intended to regulate the operation of the pressure generator, or only its switching on.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 and a support structure, and the above-mentioned functional components are arranged partly in one support structure (first support structure) and partly on the other support structure (second support structure).
  • first support structure first support structure
  • second support structure second support structure
  • the at least one tank and possibly also the tube may be supported on the second support structure, while the remaining functional components may be arranged inside said containment box 11 to perform the water mist fire extinguishing function autonomously.
  • a second tank supported on the first support structure may also be provided.
  • the second tank is connected as necessary to the other components to make the water reserve available.
  • the above-mentioned components may be functionally organised in the most suitable way to allow the fire extinguishing function to be carried out.
  • the pressure generator 12 includes a pump 13 and a motor 15, for example electric, which drives the pump 13.
  • the motor 15 is of adequate power and, as it should be, is provided with both control (pressure regulator and pressure gauge) and safety (safety valve) components; these control and safety components are known to a person skilled in the art and are not visible in the drawings; preferably the motor 15 is an electric motor with permanent magnets with a joint for connection with the pump 13; this electric motor has the advantage of being silent and making the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus compatible with use in environments that may have other noises due to the dangerous situation in progress.
  • the energy accumulator or battery 18 is preferably a lead accumulator, that is to say a battery which is as compatible as possible with an environment in which there is a fire or a beginning of fire.
  • the battery may be a lithium battery.
  • the nebulizing device 20 preferably includes a manual lance 22 and a nozzle 23, as indicated below.
  • the liquid tank 25 is configured to contain a limited amount of water for example less than 30 litres. If there are several tanks, the quantity of liquid may increase overall, for example up to 55 litres, and consequently also the autonomy of the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus. For example, a tank with a capacity of less than or equal to 30 litres for the first support structure and a tank with a capacity less than or equal to 25 litres for the second support structure may be provided.
  • the control device 30 for controlling the flow of water from the liquid tank 25 to the nebulizing device 12 may be provided with an ON/OFF valve controlled by hand by an operator to stop the flow at high speed according to the decision of the operator on site, as required by the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC.
  • the control device 30 optionally comprises a control panel for starting and emergency safety stopping.
  • An extinguishing foam tank may also be provided, with a suitable capacity, for example of one litre.
  • a water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 provides for an operator to transport the apparatus to the site of a fire during an initial stage, that is, close to the start of the fire, and to use the apparatus for a first attack on the fire, independently and autonomously. That is to say without connecting the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 to an external supply source, whether it is water or electricity.
  • the transport of the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 is carried out manually by the operator.
  • the use of the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 involves carrying all the components, preferably housed in the containment box 11, to the site of the start of the fire, and then opening the container or box; alternatively, all the components, preferably supported by the respective support structure(s), are carried to the site of the start of the fire.
  • the pressure generator is activated and then the nebulizing device 20 opens.
  • the nebulizing device 20 may already be joined to the second end of the tube 17, or associated as needed.
  • known types of valves and pushbutton systems may be provided to ensure the safe use of the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10.
  • the fire may be extinguished quickly using a minimum amount of water.
  • the portable fire-fighting systems still in use containing powder, foaming materials or inert gases are replaced, and problems of intoxication or contamination of people and property involved in an attack on a fire are avoided.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 is obviously an eco-friendly element that has absolutely no impact on soil, air and water, neither during the training of firefighters, nor during actual use, as it works effectively also with the use of just pure water.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 is configured to be able to be connected to an external water supply service to allow water to be fed for a longer time than the initial time indicated above.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 includes a quick coupling device 35 for connecting the nebulizing device 20 to the water supply service, replacing the tank 25.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 may also be associated with a shockproof frame/support (not shown in the drawings) to contain the box 11 in a stable condition.
  • the tube 17 may be detached from the tank 25 and, if necessary, once equipped with an extension, connected to the water supply service by means of the extension.
  • the containment box 11 may be removed from the supporting frame, and positioned where there is access to a service water supply line with an adequate connection, and then the previous procedure repeated.
  • the invention also relates to a method for carrying out a first attack on the fire.
  • This method provides for the preparation of a water mist fire extinguishing apparatus, having a total weight of less than or equal to 80 kg and configured to be transportable and functionally and temporally autonomous to attack the fire up to a maximum time of 300 sec.
  • the method according to the invention further provides for the transport of this water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 by an operator to the site of the first attack on the fire in order to attack the fire.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 is transported manually by an operator.
  • the first attack on the fire occurs autonomously, that is, without connecting the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 to a water supply source or service.
  • the latter is activated in autonomous mode, that is, without connection to a water supply source or service. That is to say, during the first attack on the fire, the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 is not connected to an external water supply source.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 is also not connected to an external power supply source.
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 includes the following components:
  • all the above-mentioned components are transported near or to the site of the fire, that is to say of the start of the fire.
  • the pressure generator (12) is activated and the nebulizing device (20) is then opened to carry out a first attack on the fire.
  • the method for autonomously carrying out a first attack on the fire by means of a water mist technology also provides for the following steps:
  • the method according to the invention also provides for the possibility that after the first attack on the fire, the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 is connected to an external water source.
  • a water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 as described above is used.
  • This method simplifies the procedure of a typical fire fighting intervention for the following reasons.
  • the above-mentioned components may be easily transported to an internal space whether it be a house, a farm or a boat.
  • the components are sufficient to carry out the first attack on the fire very quickly, as it is a standalone apparatus.
  • the use of two tanks may be envisaged for the attack on the fire.
  • the attack may last up to the time necessary to extinguish the fire and where a suitable water supply line with a very low flow rate is necessary and available (e.g. 10-20 I/min at 2-3 bar), the extinguishing may be assisted, at a later time, by supplying water from an external source.
  • a suitable water supply line with a very low flow rate e.g. 10-20 I/min at 2-3 bar
  • the use of a specific nozzle 23 is proposed.
  • a nozzle 23 according to the invention is fed with the liquid under pressure and configured in such a way that the jet effluent from the nozzle 23 is a jet of nebulized liquid.
  • the nozzle 23, as explained in more detail below, is particularly suitable for use with the above-mentioned liquid L, preferably at high pressure or very high pressure.
  • “High or very high pressure” means pressures even higher than 90 bar, preferably pressures between 90 and 500 bar.
  • the nozzle 23 comprises an inlet 2311, an outlet 2317 and a fluidic connection line 2310 extending between the inlet 2311 and the outlet 2317.
  • the fluidic connection line 2310 preferably comprises in succession a duct 2312 and a duct 2314 fluidically connected by means of one or more openings 2313.
  • the duct 2312 may have a substantially larger section than the annular crown 2314 in such a way that the speed of the water flow increases as it passes from the duct 2312 to the duct 2314.
  • the fluidic connection line 2310 may comprise an operating chamber 2316 fluidically connected with the duct 2314 by means of one or more openings 2315.
  • the ducts 2312, 2314, the operating chamber 2316 and the openings 2313, 2315 may therefore be mutually dimensioned, that is, they may have different and suitably sized passage sections, so that the water increases the speed in the duct 2314 and in the chamber 2316, with consequent pressure variations as the flow rate is substantially constant.
  • the openings 15 may be configured in such a way as to modify the direction and speed of the flow of water entering the operating chamber 2316 giving rise to a vortex-shaped trend.
  • the water will be able to increase the speed and therefore create a turbulent motion inside it.
  • This effect may be favoured by the mutual configuration of the openings 15 and of the operating chamber 2316.
  • the speed of the water flow may increase significantly.
  • the flow may pass from a situation of so-called laminar regime to a situation of so-called turbulent regime.
  • this variation leads to an increase in the Reynolds number.
  • a plurality of water vapour bubbles and a plurality of droplets of particularly small diameter may then be formed which may then flow from the operating chamber 2316 through an outlet or orifice 2317.
  • the operating chamber 2316 may comprise a single outlet opening 2317 which may define the outlet of the nozzle 23.
  • all the water L may pass through the single opening 2317 with a consequent increase in speed.
  • the outlet 2317 may have a particularly small section considering the high or very high operating pressure of the system so that the single effluent jet has a particularly high outlet speed, and a particularly high number of small droplets.
  • the opening 2317 may preferably be circular and may have a diameter of the order of 1-3 mm, preferably of about 1.2-2 mm. It is understood that the section of the opening 2317 may vary according to the flow rate and the pressure. The diameter of the opening 2317 as a function of flow rate and pressure is a value within the reach of a person skilled in the art.
  • the particular configuration of the edge of the outlet 2317 will allow the breaking up of the jet and consequently theformation of a large number of micro-droplets.
  • the nozzle 23 may comprise a main body having a substantially longitudinal extension along an X axis.
  • the main body may have a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • the main body may be made in two parts 2320, 2330. These parts 2320, 2330 may be mutually coupled in a removable way. For example, they may be mutually screwed in a per se known manner.
  • the part 2330 of the body may have a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • it may internally comprise a substantially cylindrical hole 2332, preferably coaxial to the X axis.
  • the hole 2332 may include the opening 2311 and the openings 2313.
  • the hole 2332 may comprise an open bottom wall 321 which may define the inlet opening 2311, a closed opposite bottom wall 322 and one or a plurality of peripheral openings 2313 of the bottom wall 322.
  • these openings 2313 could be four equally spaced circular holes.
  • the hole 2332 may define the duct 2312.
  • the body 2330 may comprise a substantially cylindrical portion 2333 and a portion 2334 also substantially cylindrical having an external diameter smaller than the external diameter of the portion 2333.
  • an annular projection 342 may be provided between the two portions having a height h.
  • the openings 2313 may be in correspondence with the portion 2334.
  • the portion 2334 may internally comprise a circular hole 2335 substantially coaxial to the X axis.
  • This circular hole 2335 may comprise a plurality of peripheral openings 15, that is, placed in correspondence with the side wall of hole 2335.
  • the holes 2332 and 2335 may be substantially coaxial to the same X axis.
  • the portion 2334 may therefore comprise the openings 2315.
  • these openings 2315 may have a substantially longitudinal extension coaxial to the X axis.
  • the openings 2315 may extend in length substantially for the entire length of the side wall 351 of the hole 2335. More in detail, the side wall 351 of the hole 2335 may have a predetermined thickness.
  • the openings 2315 may extend through the thickness of the wall 351 in a substantially radial manner, or they may be inclined with respect to the radius as illustrated in Fig. 5 .
  • the flow entering through the openings 2315 will be able to rotate inside the chamber 2316 around the X axis, that is, a vortex may be created around the X axis.
  • the openings 2315 may have a substantially constant section through the wall 351, or their section may shrink radially, that is, it may decrease along the wall 351 as it approaches the X axis.
  • the openings may have the known slot configuration.
  • openings 2315 will therefore allow both the speed and the direction of the flow of water entering the chamber 2316 to be modified so that the flow inside the chamber has a vortex-shaped trend.
  • these openings 2313 may be circular holes placed in proximity to the inside of the chamber having a vortex-shaped trend.
  • the body 2320 may comprise a substantially flat area 2321 which includes the outlet 2317.
  • the area 2321 may remain in correspondence with the hole 2335 so as to close the latter and define the operating chamber 2316.
  • the body 2320 may comprise a plate 2322 having a hole or opening 2323 defining the outlet 2317 and a front surface 2321 intended to interact with the portion 2334.
  • the plate 2322 may have a substantially discoidal shape and may have an external diameter substantially greater than the internal diameter of the hole 2335. In this way, once the body 2320 and the body 2330 are coupled, the plate 2322 may have an internal area 221 of the surface intended to close the hole 2335 and an external area 222 of the surface in abutment with the edge 352 of the side wall 351 of the hole 2335 so as to force the water L out through hole 2323.
  • the hole 2323 may preferably, but not exclusively, be central and coaxial to the X axis.
  • the central hole 2323 may have a circular shape or may have different shapes according to requirements, for example it may have an elliptical shape.
  • the hole 2323 may have a constant section.
  • the hole 2323 may have a sharp edge 235 which may define the edge of opening 2317.
  • the angle between the lateral surface 231 and the internal area 221 of the surface of the plate 2322 may be substantially right-angled.
  • the plate 2322 may have a predetermined thickness, and the hole 2323 may have a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • the hole 2323 may have a substantially cylindrical lateral surface 231 parallel to the X axis.
  • the lateral surface 231 may in any case be parallel to the X axis.
  • the flow of water L may encounter high resistances, may have a low efficiency and a high degree of nebulization of the effluent jet (as indicated in the experiment below).
  • the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 with the nozzle 23 may have a jet in which at a distance of 1 m from the nozzle at least 10% of the droplets have an average diameter of ⁇ 100 ⁇ m and 90% have an average diameter of ⁇ 200 ⁇ m (class 1 NFPA 750 US).
  • the nebulized jet emerging from the nozzle 23 may have about 30% of droplets with an average diameter of less than 50 ⁇ m and about 45% with an average diameter of between 50 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m.
  • the nebulized jet emerging from the nozzle 23 may have an average droplet diameter of less than 30 ⁇ m, preferably of about 10 ⁇ m - 30 ⁇ m.
  • the nebulized jet effluent from the nozzle 23 may have a flow rate of 5 - 100 I/min, preferably of 6 - 80 I/min, even more preferably of about 6-12 I/min.
  • the effluent jet flow from the nozzle 23 may have an output speed of 130 m/s - 300 m/s with working pressures varying between 90 and 500 bar.
  • the plate 2322 may be made of a particularly hard material.
  • This material may comprise or consist of particular forms of aluminium oxides, for example of corundum (ruby or sapphire), or of diamond.
  • the material of the plate 2322 may have a hardness according to the Mohs scale equal to 8 or higher, preferably equal to 9 or higher.
  • This material may be natural or it may be made synthetically. It is understood that such examples of materials described above are not exclusive. For example, it is possible to use other known materials having a high hardness and resistance to abrasion. Conveniently, the plate 2322 may comprise a base matrix and powder of such hard material, for example diamond.
  • the plate 2322 may also be treated with this material only on the surface or a layer of such hard material may be provided, placed in proximity to the surface 221 of the plate 2322.
  • the plate 2322 may be entirely made of this material, for example the plate 2322 may be made of synthetic ruby, synthetic sapphire or other synthetic material with a hardness greater than 8 Mohs.
  • the plate 2322 or the parts thereof intended to come into contact with the water may be made with this material.
  • the plate 2322 will be able to resist the action of water L and will be able to guarantee a high durability of the nozzle 23. Furthermore, wear of the edge 235 may be avoided so that the nozzle 23 maintains a high nebulization efficiency over time.
  • the body 2320 may further comprise an area 2325 having an internal surface 251 intended to remain facing the external surface 341 of the portion 2334 of the body 2330 and spaced from the latter so as to define an interspace. More in detail, the annular projection 342, the flat area 2321, the external surface 341 and the internal surface 251 may define the interspace 2314.
  • the height h of the projection 342 may define the width of the interspace.
  • the internal surface 251 may have the same shape as the external surface 341 and may be spaced by the distance h.
  • the distance h may be defined by the unloading of the coupling thread of the bodies 2320 and 2330.
  • the internal surface 251 and the external surface 341 may be cylindrical and coaxial to the X axis.
  • This interspace may define the duct 2314.
  • the openings 2313 and the openings 2315 may therefore be mutually spaced so as to put the duct 2314 in fluid communication with, respectively, the hole 2332 and therefore the duct 2312 and with the hole 2335 and therefore the operating chamber 2316.
  • the openings 2313 and 2315 may therefore define respectively the inlet and outlet of the duct 2314.
  • the duct 2312 may have a substantially larger section than the duct 2314 in such a way that the flow of water has a higher speed in the duct 2314 than in the duct 2312.
  • the nozzle 23 may have a single opening 2317 and the entire nebulized jet flows from this opening or orifice at high speed.
  • the momentum may therefore be relatively low.
  • the nozzle 23 and the water mist fire extinguishing apparatus 10 may therefore be particularly safe and free from damage induced by the high-pressure jet.
  • the nozzle 23 may be snap coupled to the lance 22. In this way the assembly and disassembly operations may be particularly simple and fast.
  • Phase Doppler the well-known laser anemometry technique
  • droplet diameters of between 0.5 ⁇ m and a few mm to be analysed, in order to define the following parameters: number of droplets in transit, diameter and speed.
  • the percentage of droplets produced by the jet of the nozzle 23 with a diameter d ⁇ 50 ⁇ m is significantly higher than that of the known nozzle.
  • the effluent jet from the nozzle 23 therefore has a large number of droplets of reduced size, that is, the nozzle 23 nebulizes the jet of water better than the known nozzle.
  • the speed of the droplets of the nozzle 23 (4-18 m/s) is lower than that of the known nozzle (6-60 m/s) and the dispersion of the detected speed values of the jet effluent from the nozzle 23 is lower than the dispersion of the known nozzle velocity values.
  • the friction with the air represents the main force that prevents the advancement of a jet of nebulized water in the air, and this friction increases as the size of the droplets decreases.
  • the droplets of the nozzle 23 are more dispersed and smaller than those of the known nozzle. Furthermore, since the jet values of the nozzle 23 are less dispersed than those of the known nozzle, the diameters of the droplets jet of the nozzle 23 have a greater uniformity than the diameters of the jet of the known nozzle.
  • the jet of the nozzle 23 is therefore particularly widespread and has a large number of small diameter droplets, that is, it has a high degree of nebulization and therefore a high fire extinguishing efficiency due, as known, to the high heat exchange surface.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
EP22162315.0A 2021-03-18 2022-03-15 Appareil extincteur d'incendie Withdrawn EP4062979A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT202100006497 2021-03-18

Publications (1)

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EP4062979A1 true EP4062979A1 (fr) 2022-09-28

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EP (1) EP4062979A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102023100233A1 (de) * 2023-01-05 2024-07-11 Wolfgang Meier Löscheinheit; Verfahren zum Löschen eines Brandes mittels einer Löscheinheit
WO2024146667A1 (fr) 2023-01-05 2024-07-11 Wolfgang Meier Unité d'extinction, procédé d'extinction d'un incendie au moyen d'une unité d'extinction

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20140000397U (ko) * 2013-07-10 2014-01-17 대성하이텍 주식회사 산불진화용 자동 및 수동겸용 등짐 분무기
CN105521575A (zh) * 2016-01-19 2016-04-27 中达元机电科技（苏州）有限公司 一种背负式电动水系灭火装置
WO2020082013A1 (fr) * 2018-10-18 2020-04-23 PyroLance LLC Système et procédé de jet de fluide

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20140000397U (ko) * 2013-07-10 2014-01-17 대성하이텍 주식회사 산불진화용 자동 및 수동겸용 등짐 분무기
CN105521575A (zh) * 2016-01-19 2016-04-27 中达元机电科技（苏州）有限公司 一种背负式电动水系灭火装置
WO2020082013A1 (fr) * 2018-10-18 2020-04-23 PyroLance LLC Système et procédé de jet de fluide

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102023100233A1 (de) * 2023-01-05 2024-07-11 Wolfgang Meier Löscheinheit; Verfahren zum Löschen eines Brandes mittels einer Löscheinheit
WO2024146667A1 (fr) 2023-01-05 2024-07-11 Wolfgang Meier Unité d'extinction, procédé d'extinction d'un incendie au moyen d'une unité d'extinction

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