EP4052014A1

EP4052014A1 - Device containing glass beads functionalized with polyethyleneimine, and use thereof for capturing microorganisms

Info

Publication number: EP4052014A1
Application number: EP20793420.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Wilfried ABLAIN
Original assignee: Microbs Sas
Current assignee: Microbs Sas
Priority date: 2019-10-31
Filing date: 2020-10-27
Publication date: 2022-09-07
Also published as: CA3150552A1; US20220291095A1; FR3102773B1; WO2021083907A1; FR3102773A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device containing glass beads functionalized with polyethyleneimine which is adsorbed on the surface of the glass beads, and to the use thereof for capturing microorganisms for implementing a method for removing microorganisms or for diagnosing. The microorganisms can be chosen in particular from bacteria and Fungi, in particular yeasts and fungi.

Description

DEVICE CONTAINING GLASS BALLS FUNCTIONALIZED WITH POLYETHYLENEIMINE, AND THEIR USE FOR CAPTURING MICRO-ORGANISMS The present invention relates to a device containing functionalized glass beads, and its use in capturing microorganisms for the implementation of microorganisms. a method of removing microorganisms or diagnosing. The capture of microorganisms is of fundamental interest in many types of industry, such as the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, veterinary or food industries. It can in particular be used for applications which fall into two main areas: - The elimination of microorganisms from potentially contaminated solutions, - Analysis in the form of a diagnosis, in particular in the context of a clinical diagnosis , allowing the microbiological quality of a solution to be evaluated. To eliminate microorganisms present in potentially contaminated solutions, the techniques used generally call for heat treatment (Magali, WAGNER, Anne Gaëlle MELLOUET, and François ZUBER. 2016. “Continuous heat treatment of pumpable products.” “Food industry. . ”Techniques de l'Ingénieur, September 10, 2016) and / or membrane filtration (Christel, CAUSSERAND, Claire ALBASI, and Hélène ROUX DE BALMANN. 2017.“ Membrane filtration (OI, NF, UF, MF) - Applications in water treatment. ”“ Water technologies. ”Techniques de l'Ingénieur, August 10, 2017). The major drawback of heat treatment stems from the fact that the temperature is capable of causing irreversible changes in the product by acting directly on its constituents. Also, at the microbiological level, the heat treatment corresponds to a reduction in the load of microorganisms and it is for example capable of reactivating bacterial spores. Regarding membrane filtration, membrane clogging is the main problem that can be encountered. The latter may be due to the concentration of microorganisms in the product as much as to the nature of the product and in particular to the solid particles present within it. Microbiological analysis requires the use of precise techniques for which the time to obtain the shortest possible result is sought. In fact, the faster the analysis results are obtained, the more it is possible to initiate corrective actions in the event of unsatisfactory or unacceptable results. In particular, in the medical field, it is necessary to predict and diagnose the risk of infection: the faster and more precise the diagnosis, the more effective the treatment of patients and the minimized the risk of transmission. However, to demonstrate the presence of microorganisms, it is necessary to take sufficiently large samples to ensure that a minimum quantity of microorganisms is recovered. Then you have to increase their concentration, isolate them and identify them. A key step for most of these methods for the detection / quantification of microorganisms in liquid or liquid samples is their ability to exceed the detection limit of the evaluation technique used. This is particularly difficult for samples with low concentrations of microorganisms of interest. An enrichment or concentration step often appears necessary for this type of sample, said enrichment step possibly being implemented directly in the packaging in which the sample is located. In this case, it is an enrichment step directly in the product. The enrichment step requires the use of culture media, selective or not, the aim of which is to promote the growth of target microorganisms in biological or environmental samples, while limiting the growth of non-target flora. Thus, the target population, which is often present at low levels compared to the additional flora present in food, is amplified. These enrichment steps upstream of the analysis make it possible to increase the number of microorganisms of interest in the sample but condemn both the possibility of a rapid analysis but also the possibility of quantifying the initial population of microorganisms of interest. 'interest. The other possibility is to go through a step of concentration of microorganisms from the liquid sample or made liquid. One of the most widely used techniques for the concentration of microorganisms from samples is the use of one or more membrane filters of varying porosity through which the liquid medium is filtered. The microorganisms contained in the sample are stopped by the membrane and therefore concentrated. Such a technique is generally implemented for the microbiological analysis of process water, drinking water, drinking water, or pharmaceutical product. Although easy to use, this membrane filtration method remains limited by factors causing clogging of the membrane filter such as high turbidity, or the presence of particles in the sample. Other factors related to the nature of the filter and its mode of sterilization can also influence the result of the microbiological analysis which may seriously alter the viability, precision and sensitivity of the method and lead to erroneous and poorly reproducible results. . By way of non-exhaustive example, we can cite the inhibition of microbial growth, abnormal propagation of colonies, the existence of non-wetting zones, the fragility of the filter, a defect in the flatness of the filter, a low recovery rate. . In addition, the need to concentrate large amounts of sample in order to compensate for spatial and temporal variations in the occurrence of microorganisms, increases the likelihood of membrane filter clogging. Other methods also allow the microorganisms to be concentrated and separated from the constituent elements of the sample. For example, immunocapture or immunoconcentration methods are widely used in many applications. They very often use supports functionalized with antibodies and make it possible to specifically capture or not the microorganisms contained in the sample. These methods are widely used for the microbiological analysis of human fluids or food samples, and can be implemented on raw samples, enriched, or in specific culture media (pre-enrichment and enrichment). New methods also allow the semi-specific capture of microorganisms using functionalized cell surfaces. They use lectin or carbohydrate derivatives, peptides and compounds mimicking peptides and are applied to the broad spectrum capture and / or specific binding of microorganisms in the sample. In addition, antimicrobial peptides linked to insoluble compounds have been used to kill, immobilize and detect microorganisms. One of the aims of the invention is to provide a device comprising the functionalized glass beads for use in the capture of microorganisms. Another aim of the invention is to provide a process for preparing functionalized glass beads. Another aim of the invention is to provide an efficient method of capturing microorganisms for use in the elimination of microorganisms or in diagnosis. A first object of the present invention is a device comprising a hollow container containing glass beads, functionalized by polyethyleneimine adsorbed on the surface of the glass beads. In particular, the present invention relates to a device comprising a hollow container containing non-porous glass beads, functionalized by polyethyleneimine adsorbed on the surface of the glass beads. The present invention relates to a device comprising a hollow container containing glass beads, functionalized by polyethyleneimine adsorbed on the surface of the glass beads, the glass beads being in particular made of glass of the soda-lime or borosilicate type, in which the molecular mass of the adsorbed polyethyleneimine ranges from 0.6 to 2000 kDa. According to a particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a device comprising a hollow container containing glass beads, functionalized by polyethyleneimine directly adsorbed on the surface of the glass beads, in particular without a coupling agent between said polyethyleneimine and the surface of the beads. glass beads, preferably by electrostatic interactions, said glass beads being made in particular of glass of the soda-lime or borosilicate type, in which the molecular mass of the adsorbed polyethyleneimine is between 0.6 and 2000 kDa. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “container” means an object intended to receive the glass beads. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “hollow container” is understood to mean a container as defined above, comprising a concave space, or a cavity, able to accommodate the glass beads. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “glass beads” means elements of spherical or ovoid shape composed of glass. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “non-porous glass beads” means smooth glass beads devoid of pores. By way of example, Poravor® type beads, or silica gel beads are considered to be porous. The glass beads which can be used in the present invention have in particular a density of from 2 to 3 kg / l, in particular of from 2.3 to 2.7 kg / l, in particular of about 2.48 kg / l. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “polyethyleneimine” is intended to mean a polymer in linear or branched form composed of ethylene diamine units. It is a water-soluble polymer of which several products of different molecular weight are commercially available. Polyethyleneimine can be synthesized from Aziridine by ring-opening polymerization, resulting in branched polyethyleneimine. Branched and linear polyethyleneimine structure For the purposes of the present invention, the term “adsorbed on the surface of the glass beads” means the fact that the polyethyleneimine is non-covalently bonded to the surface of the glass beads without however modifying the structure of the glass. The adsorption process involves electrostatic interactions of the van de Waals type between the cationic polymer exhibiting positive charges and the anionic glass surface exhibiting negative charges. The adsorption of cationic polymer onto a non-porous glass surface by electrostatic interactions is known. This phenomenon is implemented in particular to adsorb microorganisms on glass plates for observation by optical microscopy, where a cationic polymer, such as polylysine, is added to the medium as a binder between the microorganisms and the glass plate. The inventors have unexpectedly observed, in the case of glass beads functionalized by adsorption of polyethyleneimine, a surprising stability of the interaction between the polyethyleneimine and the glass bead. The glass beads thus functionalized allow the capture of microorganisms in their state, dead or alive, in a medium in a quantitative manner and allow, under elution, the release of all the microorganisms retained on the surface of the glass beads functionalized by polyethyleneimine while retaining the state, dead or alive, of microorganisms. Adsorption has many advantages over grafting by covalent bond which is also known. The adsorption does not require prior chemical modification of the glass surface in order to introduce functional groups therein, such as siloxanes, which can react with the polymer. In addition, adsorption involves weak interactions making the process reversible. The glass beads, as well as the polymer can then potentially be recycled by desorption. Unlike covalent grafting, adsorption can take place in a non-specific material or device. Thus, the invention constitutes a means of capturing / eliminating microorganisms in a product. Then, for diagnostic purposes, to propose an elution means allowing the release of all the microorganisms retained on the column and guaranteeing cell viability. This makes it possible to provide a precise quantification of the living microorganisms contained in the sample analyzed. Polyethyleneimine treated surfaces find many applications including adhesion and spreading of various cell lines, cell differentiation and outgrowth of neurites, adhesion of transfected cell lines and survival of primary neurons in the cell. culture. The device of the present invention can be used in static or in flow. The static mode makes it possible to increase the contact time between the glass beads functionalized by polyethylenemine and the contaminated liquid and therefore to maximize the probability of encounter between the beads and the microorganisms. This probability of encounter can be further improved by carrying out manual or mechanical stirring. The drawback of this technique concerns large volumes of solution to be analyzed or to be debacterized (100 mL, 250 mL) since they require a large quantity of beads, and consequently a higher cost. The flow method makes it possible to pass large volumes of liquid in a small space to force, in a way, the microorganisms to meet the polyethyleneimine adsorbed on the surface of the beads (the quantity of beads used may be 1 g). Thus, if one wishes to obtain a reduced cost per analysis, one can use the static method for small volumes and the flow method for large volume. The invention has many advantages over the techniques of the prior art. First of all, it makes it possible to avoid the use of heat treatment to eliminate microorganisms from potentially contaminated solutions and thus to preserve all the original qualities of the product without causing modifications to its constituents. The invention also makes it possible to avoid using membrane filtration and its drawbacks linked, inter alia, to clogging. Thus, the invention makes it possible to eliminate the microorganisms contained in liquid samples or made liquid of large volume, samples which may be of different natures and have for example a high turbidity or particles or sediments within them. As regards the microbiological analysis, the present invention relates in particular to a method for capturing and concentrating at least one microorganism likely to be present in a sample with a view to detecting it, quantifying it or evaluating its viability. This invention thus makes it possible to dispense with an enrichment step, and consequently to considerably reduce the analysis time but also to quantify the initial target population. The microorganism can be a bacterium, a Fungi (for example a yeast or a mold) or a virus. This process is particularly applicable to microorganisms contained in complex media. These media corresponding to biological samples can be of human, food, cosmetic, veterinary or pharmaceutical origin. One of the advantages of the present invention lies in the fact that the product does not undergo any modification on contact with the functionalized glass beads and that this also makes it possible to overcome problems of clogging. Another advantage of the present invention is the possibility of using the device for capturing microorganisms in continuous flow, without enrichment steps, even if the quantity of microorganisms is low. It is thus possible to integrate this device into an industrial production unit on which a step of eliminating microorganisms would be necessary, and this without interrupting the production chain. Therefore, this invention allows a considerable saving of time compared to the methods involving an enrichment step. According to a particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a device as described above, comprising a hollow container containing non-porous glass beads, exclusively functionalized by polyethyleneimine adsorbed on the surface of the glass beads. According to this particular embodiment, the glass beads are exclusively functionalized with polyethyleneimine. The expression “exclusively” denotes the fact that polyethyleneimine is the only polymer present on the glass beads. A multilayer system with the presence of another polymer is not part of this embodiment. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a device as described above, in which the glass beads consist of glass of the soda-lime or borosilicate type. The type of glass used for the present invention, in particular soda-lime glass, has an advantage in terms of cost which is low. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “soda-lime-type glass” is understood to mean a glass based on silica (SiO ₂ ), calcium and sodium. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “borosilicate type glass” means a glass based on silica (SiO ₂ ) and on boron trioxide (B ₂ O ₃ ). According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a device as described above, comprising a hollow container containing non-porous glass beads, functionalized by polyethyleneimine adsorbed on the surface of the glass beads, the glass beads. being made in particular of glass of the soda-lime or borosilicate type. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a device as described above, in which the glass beads consist of glass of the soda-lime or borosilicate type not modified beforehand. In this embodiment, the glass beads have not undergone a chemical treatment, apart from cleaning, modifying the structure of the glass, including for example a treatment with sodium aluminate, before adsorption of the polyethyleneimine. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a device as described above, in which the glass beads have a diameter of approximately 20 to approximately 1000 μm, in particular approximately 20 to 30 μm, of about 30 to 40 µm, about 40 to 50 µm, about 50 to 75 µm, about 75 to 100 µm, about 100 to 200 µm, about 200 to 300 µm, about 300 to 400 µm, about 400 to 500 µm, about 500 to 600 µm, about 600 to 700 µm, about 700 to 800 µm, about 800 to 900 µm, about 900 to 1000 µm. If the size of the glass beads is less than 20 µm, the beads pass through the frit supposed to hold them. On the other hand, for beads larger than 1000 μm, the uptake rates obtained are low. The reduction in the size of the balls, combined with a greater number of balls, makes it possible to have a higher contact surface compared to larger balls in fewer numbers. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a device as described above, in which the glass beads have a mass of about 10 ng to about 2 mg, in particular of about 10 to 50 ng, of about 50 to 100 ng, about 100 to 200 ng, about 200 to 500 ng, about 500 ng to 1 µg, about 1 to 5 µg, about 5 to 10 µg, about 10 to 20 µg, about 20 to 50 µg, about 50 to 100 µg, about 100 to 200 µg, about 200 to 500 µg, about 500 µg to 1 mg, about 1 to 1.5 mg, about 1.5 to 2 mg. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a device as described above, in which: the glass beads have a diameter of approximately 20 to approximately 1000 μm, in particular approximately 20 to 30 μm, about 30 to 40 µm, about 40 to 50 µm, about 50 to 75 µm, about 75 to 100 µm, about 100 to 200 µm, about 200 to 300 µm, about 300 to 400 µm, about 400 to 500 µm, about 500 to 600 µm, about 600 to 700 µm, about 700 to 800 µm, about 800 to 900 µm, about 900 to 1000 µm, and / or ^ the glass beads have a unit mass of about 10 ng to about 2 mg, especially about 10 to 50 ng, about 50 to 100 ng, about 100 to 200 ng , about 200 to 500 ng, about 500 ng to 1 µg, about 1 to 5 µg, about 5 to 10 µg, about 10 to 20 µg, about 20 to 50 µg, about 50 to 100 µg, about 100 to 200 µg, about 200 to 500 µg, about 500 µg to 1 mg, about 1 to 1.5 mg, about 1.5 to 2 mg. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a device in which the molecular mass of the adsorbed polyethyleneimine is from 0.6 to 2000 kDa, in particular from approximately 0.6 to 1.3 kDa, from approximately 1, 3 to 10 kDa, about 10 to 25 kDa, about 25 to 100 kDa, about 100 to 250 kDa, about 250 to 500 kDa, 500 to 1000 kDa, about 1000 to 1500 kDa, from about 1000 to 2000 kDa. By molecular mass is meant the molecular mass by mass (Mw). According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a device in which the adsorbed polyethyleneimine is linear or branched, in particular branched. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “branched” is understood to mean a polymer in which the chain of monomer units has branches. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “linear” is understood to mean a polymer in which the sequence of the monomer units takes place in a linear fashion. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a device as described above, in which the total mass of the glass beads is approximately 10 mg to approximately 1 kg, in particular approximately 10 to 50 mg, about 50 to 100 mg, about 100 to 200 mg, about 200 to 500 mg, about 500 mg to 1 g, about 1 to 2 g, about 2 to 5 g, d about 5 to 10 g, about 10 to 50 g, about 50 to 100 g, about 100 to 200 g, about 200 to 500 g, about 500 g to 1 kg. One of the first applications of the process is the elimination of microorganisms: thanks to the capture, the sample is depleted of the microorganisms initially present. A second envisaged application is the diagnosis: the capture is then used as a means to concentrate the microorganisms with a view to a diagnosis. The latter can be qualitative, of the presence / absence type, or quantitative. It may or may not be specific to the type of microorganism, and may or may not differentiate living cells from dead cells. The analysis of the microorganisms captured can be done directly after capture on beads. These tests can for example be based on the detection of the whole cell or the detection / quantification of one of its constituents (DNA, RNA, ATP, enzymes and their activities or more broadly proteins, etc.). To do this, it is possible to elute the microorganisms captured on the beads, optionally followed by a lysis step, or else, to perform the lysis on the microorganisms still captured on the beads, then to elute the constituents released. cells. Then, a multitude of techniques can be used, including flow or solid phase cytometry, colorimetry, spectroscopy, microscopy, ATPmetry (ATP: Adenosine triphosphate), PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction or chain reaction by polymerase), RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction or polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription), isothermal amplification or even immunological detection. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a device as described above, in which the hollow container is in the form of a tube, a flask, a beaker or a pot. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a device as described above, in which the hollow container is in the form of a column optionally comprising a frit. For the purposes of the present invention, when the column comprises a frit, the column and the frit can be two elements of the same assembly, or two separate elements which can be assembled. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a device as described above, in which the column has a volume of approximately 0.5 mL to approximately 2 L, in particular of approximately 0.1 to 1 mL. , about 1 to 2 mL, about 2 to 5 mL, about 5 to 10 mL, about 10 to 50 mL, about 50 to 100 mL, about 100 to 200 mL, d 'about 200 to 500 mL, about 500 mL to 1 L, about 1 L to 2 L, and the frit has a porosity less than the size of the glass beads used. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a device as described above, in which the hollow container is in the form of a tube, a flask, a beaker or a pot, said container hollow being in particular in the form of a column optionally comprising a frit, said column having in particular one from about 0.5 mL to about 2 L and the frit having in particular a porosity less than the size of the glass beads used. The size of the column is chosen as a function of the total mass of the beads, as well as the quantities of the solutions used (polyethyleneimine solutions, capture solutions and elution solutions). A larger quantity of beads requires a larger column size, which one skilled in the art can choose. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a device as described above, in which the glass beads have a diameter of about 20 to about 1000 μm, and a mass of about 10 ng to about 2. mg, in which the glass is of the soda-lime or borosilicate type, functionalized by polyethyleneimine adsorbed on its surface, in which the polyethyleneimine has a molecular mass between 0.6 and 2000 kDa, in which the polyethyleneimine is branched or linear, in which the container is in the form of a tube, flask, beaker, jar or column optionally comprising a frit, in which the column has a volume of 0 , 5 ml to 2 L, and the frit has a porosity less than the size of the glass beads used and in which the total weight of the beads is from 10 mg to 1 kg. A second object of the invention is a process for preparing a glass bead used in the device as described above, comprising a step of bringing the polyethyleneimine into contact with a glass bead to obtain a non-glass bead. porous functionalized by polyethyleneimine adsorbed on its surface. The adsorption consists of bringing an aqueous solution of polyethyleneimine at a concentration of 0.1% to 5% (mass percentages) into contact with the surface of the glass bead for an average period of 5 to 10 minutes, in particular of about ten minutes. Rinsing with water nevertheless makes it possible to eliminate the excess polyethyleneimine, to reduce the induced mortality and to improve a possible elution of the microorganisms. Drying is then carried out in the open or accelerated using a vacuum chamber system, or by lyophilization. The drying time can thus be reduced to around ten minutes. At the end of these different steps, the beads are functionalized and ready for use. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing a glass bead used in the device as described above, comprising a step of bringing a solution of polyethyleneimine into contact with a bead of glass. glass for a duration of 1 minute to 24 hours, in particular 1 to 5 minutes, 5 to 10 minutes, 10 to 15 minutes, 15 to 20 minutes, 20 to 25 minutes, 25 to 30 minutes, 30 minutes to 1 hour, 1 to 2 hours, 2 to 5 hours, 5 to 10 hours, 10 to 24 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 24 hours, to obtain a glass bead functionalized with adsorbed polyethyleneimine. When the contact time is less than 1 minute, the functionalization of the glass beads is not always adequate. The contact time increases as a function of the total mass of the balls to be functionalized. By way of example, for the functionalization of 300 mg of beads, a functionalization time of 5 minutes may suffice, while for the functionalization of 1 g of beads, a contact time of 10 minutes is recommended. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing a glass bead used in the device as described above, in which the polyethyleneimine solution is at a concentration of 0.1 and 5%. , in particular from 0.1 to 0.5%, from 0.5 to 1%, 1 to 2%, 2 to 3%, 3 to 4%, 4 to 5% to obtain a glass bead functionalized with polyethyleneimine. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing a glass bead used in the device as described above, in which the volume of the polyethyleneimine solution used is from 4 μl to approximately 0.5 L, especially about 4 to 25 µl, about 25 to 50 µl, about 50 to 100 µl, about 100 to 250 µl, about 250 to 500 µl, about 500 µl to 1 ml, about 1 to 2.5 ml, about 2.5 to 5 ml, about 5 to 25 ml, about 25 to 50 ml, about 50 to 100 ml, d 'about 100 to 250 ml, about 250 ml to 0.5 L, to obtain a glass bead functionalized with polyethyleneimine. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing a glass bead used in the device as described above, comprising a step of bringing the polyethyleneimine into contact with a glass bead, in particular for a duration of 1 minute to 24 hours, in which the polyethyleneimine solution is in particular at a concentration between 0.10 and 5%, and in which the volume of the polyethyleneimine solution used is in particular from 4 μl to 0.5 L , to obtain a glass bead functionalized with polyethyleneimine. The concentration and the volume of the polyethyleneimine solution to be used depend on the total surface area of the beads to be functionalized. It is possible to calculate said area from the total mass, size and density of the beads used. ● The area per ball can be calculated with the formula 4πr2 (r being the radius of the ball) ● The volume per ball can be calculated with the formula (4/3) πr3 (r being the radius of the ball) ● The volume Total beads can be calculated by dividing the total mass of the beads by the density ● The number of beads can be calculated by dividing the total volume of beads by the volume per bead ● Finally, the total area of the beads is obtained by multiplying the surface area per ball and the number of balls A higher total surface area requires the use of a greater quantity of polyethyleneimine. This larger amount can be provided by using a larger volume of solution, using a more concentrated solution, or a combination of both. By way of example, it is possible to use 0.5 ml of a 0.16% solution of polyethyleneimine in order to functionalize 1 g of beads of 105-150 μm (example 12). In this case, the total surface area of the balls is approximately 188 cm ² (said balls having a density of the balls of 2.50 g / cm3). On the other hand, 1 g of 30-50 µm beads have a larger calculated surface (600 cm ² ). Under these conditions, also using a polyethylene reduced concentration of 0.16%, approximately 3.2 times more solution (600/188) is necessary in order to carry out the functionalization under the same conditions as above. It is also possible to use 0.5 ml of a solution that is 3.2 times more concentrated, or to change the concentration and volume by applying a rule of three. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing a glass bead used in the device as described above, comprising a drying step for a period of 1 minute to 12 hours, in particular of 1 to 5 minutes, 5 to 10 minutes, 10 to 15 minutes, 15 to 20 minutes, 20 to 25 minutes, 25 to 30 minutes, 30 minutes to 1 hour, 1 to 2 hours, 2 at 5 hours, from 5 to 12 hours, to obtain a glass bead functionalized with polyethyleneimine. According to another even more particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing a glass bead used in the device as described above, comprising a drying step for a period of approximately 10 minutes, for obtain a glass bead functionalized with adsorbed polyethyleneimine. The drying time of approximately 10 min corresponds to the duration of the drying step when the latter is accelerated using a vacuum chamber system with the vacuum set to its maximum (~ 900 mbar on the pressure gauge before valve opening). When drying in the open air, the drying time is longer and can reach about 12 hours. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “drying” is understood to mean a method of drying in the open or accelerated using a vacuum chamber system, or by lyophilization. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a preparation process as described above, in which the drying step is carried out in the open air or accelerated by air flow, in particular at a temperature ranging from from room temperature to 90 ° C, especially from room temperature to 80 ° C, from room temperature to 60 ° C, from room temperature to 30 ° C, from 30 ° C to 40 ° C, from 40 ° C to 50 ° C and from 50 ° C to 60 ° C, or from 60 ° C to 90 ° C, to obtain a glass bead functionalized with polyethyleneimine. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “ambient temperature” is understood to mean a temperature ranging from approximately 20 ° C to approximately 25 ° C. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a preparation process as described above, comprising a step of rinsing with an aqueous solution, in particular water, prior to the drying step, in order to remove the residue. polyethyleneimine not adsorbed during the contacting step. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “aqueous solution” is understood to mean a liquid phase containing water. Examples of aqueous solutions which can be used are water, aqueous solutions of 1M NaCl or 50 mM Tris. The objective during rinsing may be to lower the pH using an acidic solution in order to maximize the positive charges on the surface of the polyethyleneimine; it is possible in this case to use acids such as citric acid or acetic acid. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for preparing a glass bead used in the device as described above, comprising the following steps: a step of bringing a solution into contact with polyethyleneimine with a glass bead in particular for a period of 1 minute to 24 hours, in which the polyethyleneimine solution is in particular at a concentration between 0.10 and 5%, and in which the volume of the polyethyleneimine solution used is in particular included from 4 μl to 0.5 L, to obtain a glass bead functionalized with polyethyleneimine; a drying step for a duration of 1 minute to 12 hours, in particular a duration of about 10 minutes, in which the drying step is carried out in the open air or accelerated by air flow, in particular at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 90 ° C. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a preparation process as described above, comprising a drying step lasting from 1 minute to 12 hours, in particular a period of about 10 minutes at room temperature. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for preparing a glass bead used in the device as described above, comprising the following steps: a step of bringing a solution into contact with polyethyleneimine with a glass bead in particular for a period of 1 minute to 24 hours, in which the polyethyleneimine solution is in particular at a concentration between 0.10 and 5%, and in which the volume of the polyethyleneimine solution used is in particular included from 4 μl to 0.5 L, to obtain a glass bead functionalized with polyethyleneimine; a step of rinsing with an aqueous solution, in particular water, to remove the polyethyleneimine not adsorbed during the contacting step; - a drying step for a duration of 1 minute to 12 hours, in particular a duration of about 10 minutes, in which the drying step is carried out in the open air or accelerated by air flow, in particular at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 90 ° C. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a preparation process as described above, comprising a drying step lasting from 1 minute to 12 hours, in particular a duration of approximately 10 minutes, at ambient temperature. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing a glass bead used in the device as described above, comprising the following steps: a step of rinsing and drying the glass beads with water ; - a step of bringing a polyethyleneimine solution into contact with a glass bead in particular for a period of 1 minute to 24 hours, in which the polyethyleneimine solution is in particular at a concentration between 0.10 and 5%, and in in which the volume of the polyethyleneimine solution used is in particular from 4 μl to 0.5 L, to obtain a glass bead functionalized with polyethyleneimine; a step of rinsing with an aqueous solution, in particular water, to remove the polyethyleneimine not adsorbed during the contacting step; - a drying step for a duration of 1 minute to 12 hours, in particular a duration of about 10 minutes, in which the drying step is carried out in the open air or accelerated by air flow, in particular at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 90 ° C. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a preparation process as described above, comprising a drying step lasting from 1 minute to 12 hours, in particular a duration of approximately 10 minutes, at ambient temperature. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing a glass bead used in the device as described above, in which said polyethyleneimine solution is free of borate. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing a glass bead used in the device as described above, in which a polyethyleneimine crosslinking agent is not introduced. A third object of the invention is the use of a device as described above, for the capture of microorganisms with a view to diagnosis. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “microorganisms” is understood to mean living or dead microscopic organisms. Examples of microorganisms that can be picked up are bacteria, yeasts, fungi, viruses, archaea, microalgae, and certain microscopic parasites. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “diagnosis” means the detection of the microorganisms captured. Examples of diagnostic techniques that can be used are in particular flow or solid phase cytometry, colorimetry, spectroscopy, microscopy, ATPmetry (ATP: Adenosine triphosphate), PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction or chain reaction by polymerase), RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction), isothermal amplification, or immunological detection. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a use as described above, for the capture of microorganisms with a view to eliminating or reducing the charge of microorganisms from liquid samples or viscous capable of containing said microorganisms. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “elimination or reduction of the load of microorganisms” is understood to mean the action of reducing the quantity of microorganisms present in a sample. Another subject of the invention is a method for capturing microorganisms comprising a step of bringing a liquid or viscous sample containing said microorganisms into contact, with a device as described above, under conditions making it possible to create an interaction between said microorganisms and the glass beads, and to obtain said microorganisms captured on the glass beads. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a method as described above, in which the step of bringing a liquid or viscous sample containing said microorganisms into contact is carried out in a single pass through the device according to the invention and is not carried out iteratively. A single pass through the device according to the invention makes it possible to quantitatively capture all the microorganisms present in said liquid or viscous sample. For example, it is not necessary to make multiple passes of the liquid or viscous sample through a column. containing the glass beads functionalized to capture or concentrate the microorganisms in the column. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a method as described above, in which the proportion of microorganisms originating from the sample and captured on the glass beads is from 0.001% to 100% in view of the debacterization of said sample. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a method as described above, comprising an additional step of eluting the microorganisms previously captured under conditions allowing the separation of the aforementioned microorganisms captured from the aforesaid beads. glass and the recovery of said microorganisms. Elution with a chemical solution is carried out at room temperature. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a method as described above, in which, during the elution step, the proportion of the microorganisms separated from the glass beads on which the aforesaid microorganisms had previously collected and then recovered is from 0.001% to 100%. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a method as described above, in which the recovery of the microorganisms is carried out with a view to diagnosis. This diagnosis can be qualitative, of the presence / absence type, or quantitative. It may or may not be specific to the type of microorganism, and may or may not differentiate living cells from dead cells. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a method as described above, comprising: a step of bringing into contact, preferably non-iterative, a liquid or viscous sample containing said microorganisms, with glass beads contained in the device described above, under conditions making it possible to create an interaction between said microorganisms and the glass beads, and to obtain said microorganisms captured on the glass beads, - a additional step of eluting the microorganisms previously captured under conditions allowing the separation of the aforesaid microorganisms captured from the aforesaid glass beads and the recovery of said microorganisms. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a method as described above, in which the elution step is carried out using a solution of chemical type. For the purposes of the present invention, the chemical-type elution solutions that can be used are for example: 1M NaCl, 50 mM Tris pH 7.5, 50 mM Tris pH 9.5, 0.01% to 0.1% sodium hexametaphosphate 0.1-10% EDTA, 1% sodium bicarbonate, 10% sodium citrate, 0.1-10% acetic acid, 0.1-10% methanol, 0.1% pluronic F-1270.01 (poloxamer 407, three-block nonionic copolymer: Poly (ethylene glycol) -block-poly (propylene glycol) -block-poly (ethylene glycol)). According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a method as described above, in which the bringing into contact of the sample with the glass beads or the device takes place statically or in flow. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “statically” is understood to mean the fact that the bringing into contact between the sample and the glass beads takes place in a container without there being a continuous movement of the sample. and that the sample is not renewed during contacting. The static contacting requires that at the end of the contact time the sample is separated from the glass beads. This step can for example be carried out by sucking the liquid through a frit or by taking the liquid. When the capture process is carried out statically, the step of bringing the sample containing the microorganisms into contact with glass beads is carried out over a period of 5 to 15 minutes before the aspiration is triggered and performed using the vacuum chamber. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “in flow” is understood to mean the fact that the bringing into contact between the sample and the glass beads takes place in a container making it possible to cause the sample to flow continuously between the beads. glass marbles. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a process as described above, in which the microorganisms are chosen from bacteria, and Fungi, in particular yeasts and fungi. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a method as described above, in which the Fungi belong to the genera Absidia, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Botrytis, Brettanomyces, Byssochlamys, Candida, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Cryptococcus, Debaryomyces, Emericella, Epicoccum, Eupenicillium, Eurotium, Fusarium, Galactomyces, Geotrichum, Gliocladium, Hanseniaspora, Humicola, Hyphopichia, Kluyveromyces, Lichtheimia, Lodderomyces, Meyerozyma, Monascosestus, Paadicillecomyces, Mucerozyma, Monascosestus, PaadusoCylcium, Penomycesomyces, Myotoclomyces, Mycocestory, Myotoclomyces, Penomycesomyces, Myotoclomyces, Mycosstory, Neptune, Mucosalceso, Myascosartomyces, Myerozyma, Monascosestus, Paadusalcesomyces, Mucerozyma, Monascosestoria, Mucoticolcesomyces, Muco-steromyces, Mucosalcomyces. Phoma, Phytophthora, Pichia, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Rhizopus, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Saccharomycopsis, Schizosaccharomyces, Sclerotinia, Scopulariopsis, Serpula, Stemphylium Talaromyces, Thielaviopsis, Torulaspora, Trichoderma, Trichosporon, Trichothetium, Ulocladium, Verticillium, Wallemia, Wickerhamomyces, Xylaria, Zygosaccharomyces. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a method as described above, in which the bacteria are Gram + or Gram - bacteria. Gram + bacteria are detected by the Gram stain technique. After staining, said bacteria appear in mauve color during a microscopic analysis. In contrast, Gram - bacteria do not stain purple after the Gram stain test. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a method as described above, in which the bacteria belong to the genera Acetobacter, Achromobacter, Acidovorax, Acinetobacter, Actinomyces, Aerococcus, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Alicyclobacillus, Aquaspirillum, Asaia, Bacillus, Bifidobacterium sp., Bordetella, Brachybacterium, Brevibacillus, Brevibacterium, Brevundimonas, Burkholderia, Buttiauxella, Campylobacter, Carnobacterium, Cellulomona, Citrobacter, Clavibacter Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Cronobacteria, Cupobriacidacterium, Enterlamocacteria, Cupobriacidacteria, Enterlamocacteria, Escapeylobacteria, Enteroccichacterium, Enterlamocacteria, Elizabeth, Enteroccichacterium, Enterlamocacteria, Eskidococcinacterium, Enterlamocacteria, Elizabeth, Enteroccichacteria, Enteroccichacteria, Enteroccichacteria, EnteractuCacteria, Enterlamicacteria, Entericcacteria, Enterlamackacteria, Enterlamicacteria, Entericcinacteria, Enteroccichacteria, Entericcacteria, Elizabeth Enteroccichacteria, Entericcinacteria, Enterlamicacteria, Elizabeth, Enteracticacteria, Elizabeth Enteracticacteria, Enterlamackidacterium, Enterlamacku , Flavobacterium, Geobacillus, Glutamicibacte, Halobacillus, Klebsiella, Kocuria, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leclercia, Lelliottia, Leuconostoc, Lysinibacillus, Macrococcus, Methylobacteriu, Microbacterium spp. (CDC A-5), Micrococcus, Moraxell, Mycobacterium, Nesterenkonia, Oceanobacillus sp, Ochrobactrum, Paenibacillus, Pandorae, Pantoea, Paracoccus, Pasteurell, Pediococcus, Propionibacterium, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Rose, Rhizobium, Sangmonella, Salmonella, Salmonella, Salmonella, Salibomacteria, Salibomacteria, Sangmonella, Salmonella, Salibomacteria, Sangmonella, Salmonella Salmonella, Serratia, Shewanella, Sphingomonas, Sporolactobacillus, Sporosarcina, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas, Streptococcus, Streptomyces, Thermoanaerobacterium, Variovorax, Virgibacillus. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a method as described above, in which the liquid or viscous sample is chosen from: a biological, human or veterinary sample, such as urine, blood , synovial fluid, lymph, tear fluid, secretions, mucous membranes, - a pharmaceutical sample, such as injectable solutions, syrups, vaccines, eye drops, ophthalmic gels, - a cosmetic sample, such as make-up removers, products for cleaning the skin, deodorants, products intended for shaving, self-tanners, sun protection creams, solvents, shampoos, conditioners, - a food sample, such as drinks, in particular water (still, sparkling and / or flavored), milk, fruit juices, such as orange juice, sodas, alcoholic drinks, soft drinks tea base, meats, ready meals, dairy products, egg products, - A sample of process water, such as a sample from cleaning loops, production water, - A sample of type environmental, such as marine or storm samples. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “biological sample” is intended to mean a sample originating from a bodily fluid or from a tissue of a human or animal body. Examples of biological samples which can be used are urine, blood, synovial fluid, lymph, tear fluid, secretions, mucous membranes. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “pharmaceutical sample” is understood to mean a sample originating from a pharmaceutical product containing chemical, natural or synthetic substances for human or veterinary use. Examples of pharmaceutical samples which can be used are injectable solutions, syrups, vaccines, eye drops, ophthalmic gels, nasal solutions, vaccination supplements made liquid, powders made liquid. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “cosmetic sample” is understood to mean a sample originating from a cosmetic product containing a substance or a mixture intended to be brought into contact with the various surface parts of the human body, exclusively or mainly for the purpose. , to clean them, to perfume them, to modify their appearance, to protect them, to keep them in good condition or to correct body odor. Examples of cosmetic samples which can be used are make-up removers, products for cleaning the skin, deodorants, products intended for shaving, self-tanners, sun protection creams, solvents, shampoos, conditioners, make-up removing lotions, creams, emulsions, etc. soaps, cleaning agents. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “food sample” is understood to mean a sample originating from a food product which can be used as food or drink for a human or animal. Examples of food samples that can be used are beverages, including water (still, sparkling and / or flavored), milk, fruit juices, sodas, alcoholic beverages, tea-based drinks, meats, ready meals, dairy products, egg products, cold meats, fish, eggs, soups, fruit concentrates. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “sample of process water” is understood to mean a sample originating from a production plant, in particular a sample of water entering a production process. Examples of process water samples that can be used are samples from cleaning loops, production water, a washing tower, a cooling tower. For the purposes of the present invention, the expression “sample of environmental type” is understood to mean a sample originating from the environment. Examples of environmental type samples that can be used are samples of soil, water, in particular seawater, river, river. Another object of the invention is a kit comprising glass beads, polyethyleneimine and a device in the form of a column and elution solutions of the chemical type. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a kit comprising glass beads, polyethyleneimine and a device in the form of a column and elution solutions of chemical type, for the capture of microorganisms with a view to a diagnosis, or with a view to eliminating or reducing the load of microorganisms from liquid or viscous samples liable to contain said microorganisms. According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a kit comprising glass beads, polyethyleneimine and a device in the form of a column for its use to implement the device according to the invention and elution solutions of the type. chemical, for the capture of microorganisms with a view to diagnosis, or with a view to eliminating or reducing the charge of microorganisms from liquid or viscous samples liable to contain said microorganisms. Description of the figures [Fig 1A] Figure 1A: General operating principle of capture / elimination of microorganisms in flow mode Figure 1A represents the general principle of operation of the capture / elimination of microorganisms in flow mode. 1 represents the addition of the potentially contaminated solution; 2 represents the column; 3 represents the glass beads functionalized with polyethyleneimine; 4 represents the frit; 5 represents the solution devoid of its microorganisms at the outlet of the column; 6 represents an enlargement of the microorganisms immobilized in contact with the functionalized beads. [Fig 1B] Figure 1B: General operating principle of the elution in flow mode 1 represents the addition of the elution solution; 2 represents the elution solution at the outlet of the column containing the previously immobilized microorganisms. [Fig 2A] Figure 2A: General principle of operation of capture / elimination of microorganisms in static mode Figure 2A represents the general principle of operation of capture / elimination of microorganisms in static mode. 1 represents the addition of the potentially contaminated solution; 2 represents the container; 3 represents the potentially contaminated solution brought into contact with the glass beads; 4 represents the glass beads functionalized with polyethyleneimine; 5 represents an enlargement of the microorganisms immobilized in contact with the functionalized beads; 6 represents the recovery or elimination of the solution devoid of its microorganisms. [Fig 2B] Figure 2B: General operating principle of the elution in static mode 1 represents the addition of the elution solution; 2 represents the sampling of the elution solution provided with the eluted microorganisms. EXAMPLES Example 1 General protocol for adsorption of polyethyleneimine on glass beads 1 g of glass beads with a diameter of 105-150 μm (ref. 15927, Polysciences Europe GmbH, Germany) are weighed directly in 2.4 mL filtration columns in polypropylene fitted with an HDPE frit with a porosity of 45-90 µm (ref. 208-3049-03S, Evergreen Scientific, USA). The assembly is placed on a plate adapted to be able to place 24 columns simultaneously (NucleoVac Adapter Plate, ref. 740694, Macherey-Nagel GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) which integrates with a NucleoVac96 vacuum chamber (ref. 740681, Macherey-Nagel GmbH & Co. KG, Germany). Everything is connected to a KNF vacuum pump type N816.1.2KN.45.18 (KNF Neuberger SAS, France). A 0.166% solution of branched polyethyleneimine (1.3 kDa, Sigma-Aldrich ref. 482595) in biological deionized water (Ref. W4502, Sigma-Aldrich, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) is added to each column. The mixture is homogenized for 10 minutes using a 10 μl filter tip, followed by rinsing with molecular biology water (1 ml). For each suction, the pump vacuum is set to 700 mbar of vacuum. After rinsing, the columns are functionalized and ready for use. Example 2 Preparation of the Strains The strains of microorganisms were thawed using a cryobead in an appropriate liquid or solid medium before being placed at a temperature allowing their growth for the time necessary for their growth. The strains underwent two minimum subcultures at 2% in an appropriate liquid medium or by transfer to solid medium before being used for the tests. Example 3 Preparation of the working suspensions The daughter suspensions were produced in water supplemented or not with 0.85% NaCl by successive dilutions (usually to a tenth). From the daughter suspensions produced, liquid matrices (fruit juice, sodas, still, sparkling water, flavored or not) were inoculated in order to contain microorganisms for the tests. To do this, the last dilution was carried out in the matrix to be tested. Example 4: General static capture protocol A small volume (from 500 μL to 1 mL) of solution containing a given quantity of microorganisms (from 20 to ~ 107 units) was introduced into a column containing 1 g of glass beads functionalized with polyethyleneimine. A contact time of 5 to 15 min was applied before the suction was triggered and carried out using the vacuum chamber, the vacuum of the pump being set at 50 mbar. Example 5: General flow capture protocol A given volume (from 500 μL to 100 mL) of solution containing a given quantity of microorganisms (from 20 to ~ 107 units) was filtered through a column containing 1 g of functionalized glass beads with polyethyleneimine. The aspiration was triggered before the introduction of the solution and was carried out using the vacuum chamber, the vacuum of the pump was set at 50 mbar. Example 6: General chemical elution protocol After passing the sample of interest through the column, an elution solution was introduced in order to remove the microorganisms. The amount of elution solution was variable but was at least 500 μL in order to cover all the beads present in the column. The solution was chemical in nature. All chemical solutions (1M NaCl, 50mM Tris pH 7.5, 50mM Tris pH 9.5, sodium hexametaphosphate 0.01% to 0.1 0.1 to 10% EDTA, 1% sodium bicarbonate, 10% sodium citrate , 0.1 to 10% acetic acid, 0.1 to 10% methanol, 0.1% pluronic F-1270.01) were prepared using deionized water and then filtered through a 0.2 μm filter. The percentages mentioned above correspond to a weight / volume water ratio (g / 100 mL). The aspiration was triggered before introduction of the solution or after a more or less important contact time (5 minutes minimum tested). The filtration was carried out using the vacuum chamber, the vacuum of the pump being set at 700 mbar. Example 7: Evaluation of the uptake and / or elution rate The evaluation of the uptake or elution rate could be carried out in different ways depending on the quantity of microorganisms present and the volume of solution to be analyzed. For example, it was possible to evaluate the number of microorganisms present in a given solution using (1) flow cytometry, (2) filtration on a membrane deposited on agar medium, (3) by observation with microscope or (4) spreading on a Petri dish. Example 7-1: Evaluation of the uptake and / or elution rate by flow cytometry The flow cytometry required a relatively high concentration of microorganism to obtain a reliable result (~ 105 CFU / mL). The results in terms of uptake and elution rate were obtained as described below. The permeates obtained after capture were analyzed using a cytometer to assess the number of microorganisms not captured. It was thus possible to deduce the number of microorganisms captured on the column given that the quantity of microorganisms introduced beforehand into the column is known (count carried out with a cytometer). For the elution, the number of microorganisms eluted was directly measured using the cytometer. It should be noted that it was possible to mark the microorganisms which made it possible both to better discriminate the microorganisms from the background noise and at the same time to describe their physiological state (alive or dead) at a given time. Example 7-2 Evaluation of the rate of uptake and / or elution by filtration on a membrane deposited on agar medium The filtration on a membrane made it possible, for its part, to concentrate the microorganisms. It was then possible to deposit this membrane on a medium favorable to their growth at a given temperature and for a defined time. The independent filtrations of the permeates and of the eluates thus made it possible to calculate the uptake and elution rates in the same way as for flow cytometry. For this, it was necessary to count the colonies on the membrane after the incubation time. Example 7-3: Evaluation of the rate of uptake and / or elution by filtration through a membrane for observation under a microscope The membrane filtration made it possible to concentrate the microorganisms and to observe them after labeling directly under a microscope. In the same way as above, it was then necessary to count the microorganisms present on the membrane using a microscope. As a reminder, the markers make it possible to describe the physiological state of the microorganisms (living or dead) at a given moment, which does not allow growth on a membrane in a Petri dish (Example 7-2) or spreading on agar medium ( Example 7-4) for which only viable and cultivable microorganisms are observable, at least 24 hours after deposition. Example 7-4: Evaluation of the uptake and / or elution rate by membrane filtration for spreading on a Petri dish Another method consists of spreading all or part of the permeates and the eluates on a medium agar (in Petri dish) favorable to the growth of microorganisms. This method required a variable incubation time at a given temperature. In the same way as previously, it was then necessary to count the microorganisms present on the box in order to deduce the uptake and elution rates therefrom, the number of microorganisms introduced being known using the same spreading method. Example 8: Protocol for functionalization of glass beads 300 mg of glass beads with a diameter of 30-50 μm were distributed in 0.8 mL columns fitted with a 20 μm frit. 142.8 μL of a 0.5% (w / v) aqueous polyethyleneimine solution (branched, 25 kDa) was added to each of the columns. A contact time of 5 min was observed between the beads and the polyethyleneimine. The solution was then removed using a vacuum chamber system and a pump set to 50 mbar of vacuum. Rinsing of the column was carried out using 1 ml of molecular biology water with the same depression. The pump was then set to 700 mbar of vacuum for drying for 5 minutes. After this step, the glass beads functionalized with polyethyleneimine were ready for use. - Protocol for the capture / elimination of microorganisms Initially, an enumeration of the stock suspension of Escherichia coli CIP 54.8 was carried out by successive dilutions to the tenth in physiological water 0.85% NaCl and spreading on media agar in Petri dish, as well as in cytometry. 500 μL of suspension at the desired concentration were added per column and the capture process was carried out in flow using the vacuum chamber system. The vacuum was set to 50 mbar. The 500 μL of suspension which had passed through the column were collected in a tube then a count was carried out by successive dilutions to the tenth in physiological water 0.85% NaCl and spreading on agar media in a Petri dish, as well as by cytometry. - Efficiency of the uptake / elimination of microorganisms Table 1 shows the number of Colony Forming Units (CFU) introduced and the corresponding uptake rate, evaluated by spreading on agar media in a Petri dish. Table 2 shows the number of Colony Forming Units introduced and the corresponding uptake rate, evaluated by cytometry. Example 9: Protocol for the functionalization of glass beads 300 mg of glass beads with a diameter of 30-50 μm were distributed in 0.8 mL columns fitted with a 20 μm frit. 142.8 μL of a 0.5% (w / v) aqueous polyethyleneimine solution (branched, 1.3 kDa) was added to each of the columns. A contact time of 5 min was observed between the beads and the polyethyleneimine. The solution was then removed using a vacuum chamber system and a pump set to 50 mbar of vacuum. Rinsing of the column was carried out using 1 ml of molecular biology water with the same depression. The pump was then set to 700 mbar of vacuum for drying for 5 min. After this step, the glass beads functionalized with polyethyleneimine were ready for use. - Protocol for the capture / elimination of microorganisms Initially, an enumeration of the stock suspension of Escherichia coli CIP 54.8 was carried out by successive dilutions to the tenth in physiological water 0.85% NaCl and spreading on media agar in Petri dish, as well as in cytometry. 500 µL of suspension at the concentration were added per column and the capture process was carried out in flow using the vacuum chamber system. The vacuum was set to 50 mbar. The 500 μL of suspension which had passed through the column were collected in a tube then a count was carried out by successive dilutions to the tenth in physiological water 0.85% NaCl and spreading on agar media in a Petri dish, as well as by cytometry. - Efficiency of the uptake / elimination of microorganisms Table 3 shows the number of Colony Forming Units introduced and the corresponding uptake rate, evaluated by plating on agar media in a Petri dish. Table 4 shows the number of Colony Forming Units introduced and the corresponding uptake rate, evaluated by cytometry. 20 Example 10: - Protocol for the functionalization of the glass beads 300 mg of glass beads with a diameter of 30-50 μm were distributed in 0.8 mL columns fitted with a 20 μm frit. 142.8 μL of an aqueous solution of 0.5% (w / v) polyethyleneimine (branched, 1.3 kDa) was added to each of the columns. A contact time of 5 min was observed between the beads and the polyethyleneimine. The solution was then removed using a vacuum chamber system and a pump set to 50 mbar of vacuum. Rinsing of the column was carried out using 1 ml of molecular biology water with the same depression. The pump was then set to 700 mbar of vacuum for drying for 5 min. After this step, the glass beads functionalized with polyethyleneimine were ready for use. - Protocol for the capture / elimination of microorganisms Initially, an enumeration of the stock suspension of Escherichia coli CIP 54.8 was carried out by successive dilutions to the tenth in physiological water 0.85% NaCl and spreading on media Agar in Petri dish. 500 μL of suspension at the desired concentration were added per column and the capture process was carried out in flow using the vacuum chamber system. The vacuum was set to 50 mbar. The 500 μL of suspension having passed through the column were collected in a tube and then counting is carried out by successive dilutions to the tenth in physiological water 0.85% NaCl and spreading on agar media in a Petri dish. - Microorganism elution protocol 2 successive elutions with 1M NaCl of 500 μL each were carried out per column. The two elutions were carried out while respecting a contact time of 5 min at room temperature. The aspiration was carried out at 50 mbar of vacuum. The two eluates were collected in different tubes using the vacuum chamber system. The 500 μL of eluate having passed through the column were collected in a tube and then counting was carried out by successive dilutions to the tenth in physiological water 0.85% NaCl and spreading on agar media in a Petri dish. - Efficiency of the uptake / elimination of microorganisms Table 5 shows the number of Colony Forming Units introduced and the corresponding uptake rate, evaluated by plating on agar media in a Petri dish.

- Efficiency of the elution Table 6 shows the elution rate corresponding to each column. The overall yield is therefore 77.98%. Example 11: Protocol for the functionalization of glass beads 300 mg of glass beads with a diameter of 30-50 μm were distributed in 0.8 mL columns fitted with a 20 μm frit. 142.8 μL of a 0.5% (w / v) aqueous polyethyleneimine solution (branched, 1.3 kDa) was added to each of the columns. A contact time of 5 min was observed between the beads and the polyethyleneimine. The solution was then removed using a vacuum chamber system and a pump set to 50 mbar of vacuum. Rinsing of the column was carried out using 1 ml of molecular biology water with the same depression. The pump was then set to 700 mbar of vacuum for drying for 5 min. After this step, the glass beads functionalized with polyethyleneimine were ready for use. - Protocol for the capture / elimination of microorganisms Initially, an enumeration of the stock suspension of Escherichia coli CIP 54.8 was carried out by successive dilutions to the tenth in physiological water 0.85% NaCl and spreading on media Agar in Petri dish. 500 μL of suspension at the desired concentration were added per column and the aspiration was carried out after a contact time of 5 min of the solution with the beads contained in the column. Aspiration was performed using the vacuum chamber system. The vacuum was set to 50 mbar. The 500 μL of suspension which had passed through the column were collected in a tube and then a count was carried out by successive dilutions to the tenth in physiological water 0.85% NaCl and spreading on agar media in a Petri dish. - Micro-organism elution protocol Elution with 1M NaCl of 500 μL was carried out by column. Elution was carried out while respecting a contact time of 5 min at room temperature. The aspiration was carried out at 50 mbar of vacuum. The 500 μL of eluate having passed through the column were collected in a tube and then counting was carried out by successive dilutions to the tenth in physiological water 0.85% NaCl and spreading on agar media in a Petri dish. - Efficiency of the uptake / elimination of microorganisms Table 7 shows the number of Colony-Forming Units introduced and the corresponding uptake rate, evaluated by plating on agar media in a Petri dish. - Elution efficiency Table 8 shows the elution rate corresponding to each column. The overall yield is therefore 78.83%. Example 12: Protocol for the functionalization of glass beads 956 mg of glass beads with a diameter of 105-150 µm were distributed in 0.8 mL columns fitted with a 20 µm frit. 455.1 µL of an aqueous solution of polyethyleneimine (branched, 1.3 kDa ) at 0.16% (w / v) were added in each of the columns. A contact time of 5 min was observed between the beads and the polyethyleneimine. The solution was then removed using a vacuum chamber system and a pump set to 50 mbar of vacuum. Rinsing of the column was carried out using 1 ml of molecular biology water with the same depression. - Protocol for the capture / elimination of microorganisms Initially, a cytometer count of the stock suspension of Escherichia coli CIP 54.8 was carried out by successive dilutions to tenths in physiological water 0.85% NaCl or 50 mM Tris pH 7.5. 500 μL of suspension at the desired concentration were added per column and the capture process was carried out in flow using the vacuum chamber system. The vacuum was set to 50 mbar. The 500 μL of suspension which had passed through the column were collected in a tube and then counted on a cytometer was carried out by successive tenths dilutions in 0.85% NaCl physiological water or 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5. - Microorganism elution protocol Three successive elutions using 500 μL of elution solution (50 mM Tris pH 9.5, 1M NaCl) were carried out per column. The elutions were carried out while systematically respecting a contact time of 5 min at room temperature. The aspiration was carried out at 50 mbar of vacuum. The 500 μL of eluate which had passed through the column were collected in a tube and then counted using a cytometer by successive dilutions to tenths in physiological water 0.85% NaCl or 50 mM Tris pH 7.5 - Efficiency uptake / elimination of microorganisms Table 9 shows the number of Colony Forming Units introduced and the corresponding uptake rate, evaluated by cytometry. - Elution efficiency Table 10 shows the column and the corresponding elution rate evaluated by cytometry. The overall yield is therefore 75.24%. Example 13: Protocol for Functionalization of Glass Beads 300 mg of glass beads with a diameter of 30-50 μm were distributed in 0.8 mL columns provided with a 20 μm frit. 142.8 μL of an aqueous solution of polyethyleneimine (branched, 1.3 kDa) at 0.5% (m / v) were added to each of the columns. A contact time of 5 min was observed between the beads and the polyethyleneimine. The solution was then removed using a vacuum chamber system and a pump set to 50 mbar of vacuum. Rinsing of the column was carried out using 1 ml of molecular biology water with the same depression. The pump was then set to 700 mbar of vacuum for drying for 5 min. After this step, the glass beads functionalized with polyethyleneimine were ready for use. - Protocol for the capture / elimination of microorganisms First, a cytometer count of the stock suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 13388 and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis ATCC 13076 was carried out by successive dilutions to the tenth in physiological water 0.85% NaCl of 50 mM Tris pH 7.5. 500 μL of suspension at the desired concentration were added per column and the capture process was carried out in flow using the vacuum chamber system. The vacuum was set to 50 mbar. The 500 μL of suspension which had passed through the column were collected in a tube and then counted on a cytometer was carried out by successive tenths dilutions in 0.85% NaCl physiological water or 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5. - Efficiency of the uptake / elimination of microorganisms Table 11 shows the number of Colony Forming Units introduced and the corresponding uptake rate, evaluated by cytometry.

Example 14: Protocol for the functionalization of glass beads 300 mg of glass beads with a diameter of 30-50 μm were distributed in 0.8 mL columns provided with a 20 μm frit. 142.8 μL of a 0.5% (w / v) aqueous polyethyleneimine solution (branched, 1.3 kDa) was added to each of the columns. A contact time of 5 min was observed between the beads and the polyethyleneimine. The solution was then removed using a vacuum chamber system and a pump set to 50 mbar of vacuum. Rinsing of the column was carried out using 1 ml of molecular biology water with the same depression. The pump was then set to 700 mbar of vacuum for drying for 5 min. After this step, the glass beads functionalized with polyethyleneimine were ready for use. - Protocol for the capture / elimination of microorganisms First, a cytometer count of the stock suspensions of Escherichia coli CIP 54.8 was carried out by successive dilutions to tenths in physiological water 0.85% NaCl of Tris 50 mM pH 7.5. 500 μL of suspension at the desired concentration were added per column and the capture process was carried out in flow using the vacuum chamber system. The vacuum was set to 50 mbar. The 500 μL of suspension which had passed through the column were collected in a tube and then counted on a cytometer was carried out by successive tenths dilutions in 0.85% NaCl physiological water or 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5. - Efficiency of the capture / elimination of microorganisms Table 12 shows the number of Colony Forming Units introduced and the corresponding uptake rate, evaluated by cytometry. Example 15: Protocol for functionalization of glass beads 1 g of glass beads with a diameter of 105-150 μm were distributed in 0.8 mL columns provided with a 20 μm frit. 500 μL of an aqueous solution 0.166% (w / v) polyethyleneimine (branched 1.3 kDa) was added to each of the columns. A contact time of 10 min was observed between the beads and the polyethyleneimine. The solution was then removed using a vacuum chamber system and a pump set to 50 mbar of vacuum. Rinsing of the column was carried out using 1 ml of molecular biology water with the same depression. After this step, the glass beads functionalized with polyethyleneimine were ready for use. - Protocol for the capture / elimination of microorganisms First, a cytometer count of the stock suspensions of the microorganisms used was carried out by successive dilutions to tenths in physiological water 0.85% NaCl or 50 mM Tris pH 7.5,500 µL of suspension at the desired concentration were added per column and the capture process was carried out in flow using the vacuum chamber system. The vacuum was set to 50 mbar. The 500 μL of suspension which had passed through the column were collected in a tube and then counted on the cytometer was carried out by successive tenths dilutions in physiological water 0.85% NaCl of 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5. - Micro-organism elution protocol Three successive elutions using 4 mL (8x500 μL) of 0.1% sodium hexametaphosphate were carried out per column. The elutions were carried out while systematically respecting a contact time of 5 min at room temperature for the first 500 microliters of each elution. The remaining 3.5 mL was flowed. The aspiration was carried out at 50 mbar of vacuum. The 4 ml of eluate which had passed through the column were collected in a tube and then counted on a cytometer was carried out by successive tenths dilutions in physiological water 0.85% NaCl or 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5. Efficiency of the microorganism capture / elution pair Table 13 shows the overall yield of the microorganism capture / elution. Example 16: Protocol for Functionalization of Glass Beads 1 g of glass beads with a diameter of 105-150 μm were distributed in 0.8 mL columns provided with a 20 μm frit. 500 μL of an aqueous solution of polyethyleneimine (branched, 1.3 kDa) at 0.166% (m / v) were added to each of the columns. A contact time of 10 min was observed between the beads and the polyethyleneimine. The solution was then removed using a vacuum chamber system and a pump set to 50 mbar of vacuum. Rinsing of the column was carried out using 1 ml of molecular biology water with the same depression. After this step, the glass beads functionalized with polyethyleneimine were ready for use. 25 - Protocol for the capture / elimination of microorganisms First, a cytometer count of the stock suspensions of the microorganisms used was carried out by successive dilutions to tenths in physiological water 0.85% NaCl of 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5. 500 μL of suspension at the desired concentration were added per column and the capture process was carried out in flow using the vacuum chamber system. The vacuum was set to 50 mbar. The 500 μL of suspension which had passed through the column were collected in a tube and then counted on a cytometer was carried out by successive tenths dilutions in 0.85% NaCl physiological water or 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5. - Micro-organism elution protocol Three successive elutions using 4 mL (8x500 μL) of 0.01% sodium hexametaphosphate were carried out per column. The elutions were carried out while systematically respecting a contact time of 5 min at room temperature for the first 500 microliters of each elution. The remaining 3.5 mL was flowed. The aspiration was carried out at 50 mbar of vacuum. The 4 ml of eluate which had passed through the column were collected in a tube and then counted on a cytometer was carried out by successive tenths dilutions in physiological water 0.85% NaCl or 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5. - Efficiency of the capture / elution pair of microorganisms Table 14 Results of the capture / elution of microorganisms Example 17: Protocol for functionalization of glass beads 1 g of glass beads with a diameter of 105-150 μm were distributed in 0.8 mL columns fitted with a frit of 20 µm. 500 μL of an aqueous solution of polyethyleneimine (branched, 1.3 kDa) at 0.166% (m / v) were added to each of the columns. A contact time of 10 min was observed between the beads and the polyethyleneimine. The solution was then removed using a vacuum chamber system and a pump set to 50 mbar of vacuum. Rinsing of the column was carried out using 1 ml of molecular biology water with the same depression. After this step, the glass beads functionalized with polyethyleneimine were ready for use. - Protocol for the capture / elimination of microorganisms Initially, a cytometer count of the stock suspensions of Escherichia coli CIP 54.8 was carried out by successive dilutions to tenths in physiological water 0.85% NaCl or Tris 50 mM pH 7.5. 500 μL of a tea-based drink (Nestea peach flavor) containing a desired concentration of microorganisms were added per column and the capture process was carried out in flow using the vacuum chamber system. The vacuum was set to 50 mbar. The 500 μL of suspension which had passed through the column were collected in a tube and then counted on a cytometer was carried out by successive tenths dilutions in 0.85% NaCl physiological water or 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5. - Micro-organism elution protocol Three successive elutions using 4 mL (8x500 μL) of 0.01% sodium hexametaphosphate were carried out per column. The elutions were carried out while systematically respecting a contact time of 5 min at room temperature for the first 500 microliters of each elution. The remaining 3.5 mL was flowed. The aspiration was carried out at 50 mbar of vacuum. The 4 ml of eluate which had passed through the column were collected in a tube and then counted on a cytometer was carried out by successive tenths dilutions in physiological water 0.85% NaCl or 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5. - Capatation efficiency Table 15 shows the number of Colony Forming Units introduced and the corresponding uptake rate, evaluated by cytometry

Elution Efficiency Table 16 shows the column and the corresponding elution rate evaluated by cytometry. The overall yield is therefore 88.2% Example 18: Protocol for the functionalization of the glass beads 1 g of glass beads with a diameter of 105-150 μm were distributed in 2.4 mL columns fitted with a frit of 45-90 µm. 500 μL of an aqueous solution of polyethyleneimine (branched, 1.3 kDa) at 0.166% (m / v) were added to each of the columns. A contact time of 10 min was observed between the beads and the polyethyleneimine. The solution was then removed using a vacuum chamber system and a pump set to 50 mbar of vacuum. Rinsing of the column was carried out using 1 ml of molecular biology water with the same depression. After this step, the glass beads functionalized with polyethyleneimine were ready for use. - Protocol for the capture / elimination of microorganisms First, a cytometric count of the stock suspension of Serratia marcescens CIP 58.14 was carried out by successive dilutions to tenths in physiological water 0.85% NaCl via cytometry. . 8 mL of suspension at the desired concentration was added per column and the capture process was carried out in flow using the vacuum chamber system. The vacuum was set to 50 mbar. The 8 ml of suspension which had passed through the column were collected in a tube and then counted on a cytometer was carried out by successive dilutions to tenths in physiological water 0.85% NaCl. - Micro-organism elution protocol Three successive elutions using 4 mL (8x500 μL) of 0.01% sodium hexametaphosphate were carried out per column. The elutions were carried out while systematically respecting a contact time of 5 min at room temperature for the first 500 microliters of each elution. The remaining 3.5 mL was flowed. The aspiration was carried out at 50 mbar of vacuum. The 4 ml of eluate which had passed through the column were collected in a tube and then counted on a cytometer was carried out by successive dilutions to tenths in physiological water 0.85% NaCl. - Efficiency of uptake Table 17 shows the number of Colony Forming Units introduced and the corresponding uptake rate, evaluated by cytometry Efficiency of the Elution Table 18 shows the column and the corresponding elution rate evaluated by cytometry. The overall yield is therefore 83.57%. Example 19: Application to Yeasts - Protocol for Functionalization of Glass Beads 1 g of glass beads with a diameter of 105-150 μm were distributed in 2.4 mL columns provided with a 45-90 μm frit. 500 μL of an aqueous solution of polyethyleneimine (branched, 1.3 kDa) at 0.166% (m / v) were added to each of the columns. A contact time of 10 min was observed between the beads and the polyethyleneimine. The solution was then removed using a vacuum chamber and a pump set to 50 mbar of vacuum. Rinsing of the column was carried out using 1 ml of molecular biology water with the same depression. After this step, the glass beads functionalized with polyethyleneimine were ready for use. - Protocol for the capture / elimination of microorganisms The stock suspensions of Candida albicans (ATCC 14053), Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 18824) are diluted to the 10th in physiological water 0.85% NaCl then counted by flow cytometry. 500 μL of suspension at the desired concentration were added per column and sucked in flow through the column using the vacuum chamber (50 mbar) and pump system. A count of the permeates was carried out by cytometry. - Micro-organism elution protocol Three successive elutions using 4 mL (8x500 μL) of 0.01% sodium hexametaphosphate were carried out per column. The elutions were carried out while systematically respecting a contact time of 5 min at room temperature for the first 500 microliters of each elution. The remaining 3.5 mL was flowed. The aspiration was carried out at 50 mbar of vacuum. The 4 ml of eluate which had passed through the column were collected in a tube and then counted on a cytometer was carried out by successive dilutions to tenths in physiological water 0.85% NaCl. Efficiency of Uptake Table 19 shows the number of Colony Forming Units introduced and the corresponding uptake rate for each strain, evaluated by cytometry. Efficiency of the Elution Table 20 shows the column and the corresponding elution rate evaluated by cytometry. Example 20 Application to fungi - Protocol for functionalization of glass beads 1 g of glass beads with a diameter of 105-150 μm were distributed in 2.4 mL columns provided with a 45-90 μm frit. 500 μL of an aqueous solution of polyethyleneimine (branched, 1.3 kDa) at 0.166% (m / v) were added to each of the columns. A contact time of 10 min was observed between the beads and the polyethyleneimine. The solution was then removed using a vacuum chamber system and a pump set to 50 mbar of vacuum. Rinsing of the column was carried out using 1 ml of molecular biology water with the same depression. After this step, the glass beads functionalized with polyethyleneimine were ready for use. - Protocol for the capture / elimination of microorganisms The stock suspensions of Fusarium oxysporum (UBOCC-A-112042) and Mucor racemosus (ATCC 42647) are diluted to the 10th in physiological water 0.85% NaCl then counted by flow cytometry. 500 μL of suspension at the desired concentration were added per column and sucked in flow through the column using the vacuum chamber (50 mbar) and pump system. A count of the permeates was carried out by cytometry. - Micro-organism elution protocol Three successive elutions using 4 mL (8x500 μL) of 0.01% sodium hexametaphosphate were carried out per column. The elutions were carried out while systematically respecting a contact time of 5 min at room temperature for the first 500 microliters of each elution. The remaining 3.5 mL was flowed. The aspiration was carried out at 50 mbar of vacuum. The 4 ml of eluate which had passed through the column were collected in a tube and then counted on a cytometer was carried out by successive dilutions to tenths in physiological water 0.85% NaCl. - Efficiency of capture Table 21 shows the number of Colony Forming Units introduced and the corresponding uptake rate for each strain, evaluated by cytometry. - Efficiency of the elution Table 22 shows the column and the corresponding elution rate evaluated by cytometry.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Device comprising a hollow container containing glass beads, functionalized by polyethyleneimine adsorbed on the surface of the glass beads, the glass beads being in particular made of glass of the soda-lime or borosilicate type, in which the molecular mass of the adsorbed polyethyleneimine ranges from 0.6 to 2000 kDa.

2. Device according to claim 1, wherein: ● the glass beads have a diameter of approximately 20 to approximately 1000 microns, in particular approximately 20 to 30 microns, approximately 30 to 40 microns, approximately 40 to 50 µm, about 50 to 75 µm, about 75 to 100 µm, about 100 to 200 µm, about 200 to 300 µm, about 300 to 400 µm, about 400 to 500 µm , about 500 to 600 µm, about 600 to 700 µm, about 700 to 800 µm, about 800 to 900 µm, about 900 to 1000 µm, and / or ● the glass beads have a unit mass of about 10 ng to about 2 mg, especially about 10 to 50 ng, about 50 to 100 ng, about 100 to 200 ng, about 200 to 500 ng, about 500 ng to 1 µg, about 1 to 5 µg, about 5 to 10 µg, about 10 to 20 µg, about 20 to 50 µg, about 50 to 100 µg, about 100 to 200 µg, about 200 to 500 µg, about 500 µg to 1 mg, about 1 to 1.5 mg, about 1.5 to 2 mg. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the molecular weight of the adsorbed polyethyleneimine is about 0.6 to 1.3 kDa, about 1,

3 to 10 kDa, about 10 to 25 kDa, about 25 to 100 kDa, about 100 to 250 kDa, about 100 to 500 kDa, about 500 to 1000 kDa, about 1000 to 1500 kDa, of about 500 to 2000 kDa, in which the adsorbed polyethyleneimine is in particular branched.

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the total weight of the beads is about 10 mg to about 1 kg, in particular about 10 to 50 mg, about 50 to 100 mg, of about 100 to 200 mg, about 200 to 500 mg, about 500 mg to 1 g, about 1 to 2 g, about 2 to 5 g, about 5 to 10 g, about 10 to 50 g, about 50 to 100 g, about 100 to 200 g, about 200 to 500 g, about 500 g to 1 kg. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hollow container is in the form of a tube, a flask, a beaker or a pot, said hollow container being in particular in the form of a column comprising optionally a frit, said column having in particular a volume of approximately 0,

5 mL to approximately 2 L and the frit having in particular a porosity less than the size of the glass beads used.

6. Process for preparing a glass bead used in the device of one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a step of bringing the polyethyleneimine into contact with a glass bead, in particular for a period of 1 minute to 24 hours. , in which the polyethyleneimine solution is in particular at a concentration between 0.1 and 5%, and in which the volume of the polyethyleneimine solution used is in particular from 4 μl to 0.5 L, to obtain a functionalized glass bead with polyethyleneimine.

7. The method of claim 6, comprising a drying step for a period of 1 minute to 12 hours, wherein the drying step is carried out in the open air or accelerated by air flow, in particular at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 90 ° C, in particular a period of about 10 minutes at room temperature.

8. Use of a device according to one of claims 1 to 5, for the capture of microorganisms for diagnosis, or for the elimination or reduction of the load of microorganisms d. Liquid or viscous samples liable to contain said microorganisms.

9. A method of capturing microorganisms comprising a step of bringing into contact, preferably non-iterative, a liquid or viscous sample containing said microorganisms, with a device according to one of claims 1 to 5, in conditions making it possible to create an interaction between said microorganisms and the glass beads, and to obtain said microorganisms captured on the glass beads, in particular in which the proportion of microorganisms originating from the sample and captured on the glass beads is from 0.001% to 100% with a view to the debacterization of said sample.

10. The method of claim 9, comprising an additional step of eluting the microorganisms previously captured under conditions allowing the separation of the aforementioned microorganisms captured from the aforesaid glass beads and the recovery of said microorganisms, in particular with a view to a diagnosis.

11. Method according to one of claims 9 to 10, wherein the microorganisms are chosen from bacteria, and Fungi, in particular yeasts and fungi, fungi belonging in particular to the genera Absidia, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Botrytis, Brettanomyces, Byssochlamys, Candida, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Cryptococcus, Debaryomyces, Emericella, Epicoccum, Eupenicillium, Eurotium, Fusarium, Galactomyces, Geotrichum, Gliocladium, Hanseniaspora, Humicola, Hyphopichia, Kluyveromyces, Lichtheimia, Lodderomyces, Meyerozyma, Monascus, Mucor, Mycocladus, Neosartorya, Nigrospora, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Pestalotia, Pythora, Rhytophomyces, Phytophomyces, Pestalotia, Pythotia, Rhytophomycesthomyces, Phytophomyces, Phytophomyces Saccharomycopsis, Schizosaccharomyces, Sclerotinia, Scopulariopsis, Serpula, Stemphylium Talaromyces, Thielaviopsis, Torulaspora, Trichoderma, Trichosporon, Trichothetium, Ulocladium, Verticillium, Wallemia, Wickerhamomyces, Xylomyces, Gramacchararia + bacteria or especially bacteria, Zygoshamomyces or Gramacchararia, including bacteria or bacteria, including Zygoshamomyces or Gramacchararia, or Gramacchararia, or Gramacchararia or Gramacchararia, Ulocladium, Verticillium, Wallemia or Verticillium. to the genera Acetobacter, Achromobacter, Acidovorax, Acinetobacter, Actinomyces, Aerococcus, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Alicyclobacillus, Aquaspirillum, Asaia, Bacillus, Bifidobacterium sp., Bordetella, Brachybacterium, Brevibacillus, Brevibimonium, Brevibimonium, Brevibacillus, Burkholdobacterium, Brevibacillus, Buttholdobacterium, Brevibacillus, Buttholdobacterium, Brevibacillus, Buttholdobacterium, Brevibacillus, Buttholdobacterium, Brevibacillus, Buttholdobacterium, Carnona Citrobacter, Clavibacter C lostridium, Corynebacterium, Cronobacte, Cupriavidu, Curtobacterium, Elizabethkingia, Enteractinococcus, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Flacklamia, Flavobacterium, Geobacillus, Glutamicibacte, Halobacillus, Klebsiella, Kocillus, Lactrocobacinethyl, Kocillus, Lactrocobacinethylconethyloccia, Kocillus, Lactrocobacinethyl, Kocillus, Lactococcia, Lactercococcia, Kocillus, Lactercococcia, Methylococcia, Methyloccillus, Lactercococciaethylococcia, Methylconillus, Lactercococcia, Methyloccia, Methicconus, Lactrocococcia, Methylococcia Microbacterium spp. (CDC A-5), Micrococcus, Moraxell, Mycobacterium, Nesterenkonia, Oceanobacillus sp, Ochrobactrum, Paenibacillus, Pandorae, Pantoea, Paracoccus, Pasteurell, Pediococcus, Propionibacterium, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Rose, Rhizobium, Sangmonella, Salmonella, Salmonella, Salmonella, Salibomacteria, Salibomacteria, Sangmonella, Salmonella, Salibomacteria, Sangmonella, Salmonella Salmonella, Serratia, Shewanella, Sphingomonas, Sporolactobacillus, Sporosarcina, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas, Streptococcus, Streptomyces, Thermoanaerobacterium, Variovorax, Virgibacillus.

12. Method according to one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the liquid or viscous sample is chosen from: - a biological, human or veterinary sample, such as urine, blood, synovial fluid, lymph, tear fluid, secretions, mucous membranes, - a pharmaceutical sample, such as injectable solutions, syrups, vaccines, eye drops, ophthalmic gels, - a cosmetic sample, such as makeup removers, products for cleaning the skin skin, deodorants, products intended for shaving, self-tanners, sun protection creams, solvents, shampoos, conditioners, - a food sample, such as drinks, in particular water (still, sparkling and / or flavored), milk , fruit juices, such as orange juice, sodas, alcoholic drinks, tea-based drinks, meats, ready meals, dairy products, egg products, - A sample of process water , such as a sample from the goats cleaning them. - An environmental type sample, such as marine or pluvial samples.

13. Kit comprising glass beads, polyethyleneimine and a device in the form of a column and chemical-type elution solutions.