EP3994418B1 - Protective item in the form of protective clothing with splinter, puncture and/or cut protection properties, the protective item comprising or consisting of at least one textile planar material with splinter, puncture and/or cut protection properties. - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the technical field of textile planar materials or textile protective materials which have special protective properties, in particular with regard to the provision of protection against splinters, punctures or cuts. The materials in question can be used in particular in the military or civil sector, both in the field of personal protection and in the field of protecting objects such as military equipment or the like, in addition to a protective function against the effects of cutting and thrusting weapons as well as thrust weapons, a protective function against acting (explosion) forces or against ballistic objects or projectiles, in particular in the form of splinters or the like, is provided or guaranteed.

According to claim 1, the present invention relates to a protective object which is designed in the form of protective clothing and which has or is formed from a textile planar material (planar structure) with splinter, puncture or cut protection as described here.

In addition, the present invention according to claim 13 also relates to the use of the sheet material described here to provide or increase protection against splinters, punctures or cuts in protective objects, such as is present in the form of protective clothing.

Finally, a method for providing or increasing splinter, puncture and/or cut protection for the protective objects in question is also described here.

Persons who are deployed in the military field and in the prevention of terrorist threats, such as soldiers from military associations, border guards, police officers, security personnel or the like, are within the scope of their deployment, such as military combat or security operations, anti-terrorist operations or operations, in particular for military or terrorist threats or the like, often exposed to the immediate or at least latent danger of direct physical force or force. Such an impact can, for example, not only be caused by projectiles from firearms or the like, but also by the impact or explosion of explosive devices and with the associated release of fragments [both on the basis of primary fragments coming directly from the explosive device and those released in the subsequent process of the explosion or secondary fragments (which can be caused by the impact or impact of primary fragments or pressure waves associated with the explosion on other objects)] and also as a result of the force exerted by various objects, such as flying debris or the like, caused or caused by this. Such an effect of force or violence is accompanied by an even considerable risk of injury for the persons affected. In general, so-called unconventional explosive devices, which are also synonymously referred to as IEDs (" Improvised Explosive Devices "), are an acute threat, for example to persons deployed in the military or in counter-terrorism, such as soldiers, border guards and police officers . Such explosive devices represent a dangerous tool with a high potential for destruction in warfare or in terrorist actions or the like.

Such unconventional explosive devices are also problematic because they can often be produced without great technical effort or without great prior technical knowledge. In addition, the materials on which such explosive devices are based, as well as the size and appearance of such explosive devices, exhibit a high level of variability, so that location and identification are correspondingly more difficult. Although unconventional explosive devices often have a simple structure, they are often associated with great destructive power, since there is an explosive release of primary fragments and secondary fragments caused by this (which are caused or released by the impact of the primary fragments or the pressure wave on corresponding objects or the like be) comes, so that with regard to the total release of fragments there is, so to speak, a dangerous and unpredictable duplication. In addition, the explosion of unconventional explosive devices proceeds with the emergence of a large one pressure wave as well as fire and heat, which represent further serious sources of danger.

In general, the operation of unconventional explosive devices is that the explosive device is ruptured by detonating explosives, accompanied by the explosive release of primary fragments, which propagate at high speed from the explosion site with the concomitant pressure wave. In addition, the pressure wave and the resulting primary fragments can lead to the subsequent release of secondary fragments, often in the form of (small) particles such as dirt, dust and sand as well as fragments of destroyed objects from the immediate or indirect vicinity of the explosion site of the explosive device. In this case, the secondary fragments can also originate, for example, from items of equipment, vehicles (such as vehicle interiors) or the like destroyed by the explosion.

In this context, against the background of the mode of action of unconventional explosive devices, a distinction can be made between a so-called primary explosion radius (" primary blast radius "), which is aimed directly at the release of primary fragments from the unconventional explosive device, and a secondary explosion radius (" secondary blast radius "). , which concerns the subsequent release of secondary fragments as a result of the blast and the resulting primary fragments, starting from the explosion site of an unconventional explosive device.

As a result of the special mode of operation of unconventional explosive devices, which includes the explosive release of primary fragments and the subsequent generation or release of secondary fragments, as it were, there is a high risk of injury for persons exposed to the detonation of unconventional explosive devices, as mentioned above. In this context, extensive and serious injuries can sometimes occur, which result in particular as a result of the impact or penetration of primary or secondary fragments on or into the body, but also as a result of the existing pressure wave or the effects of fire and heat. These injuries are often serious enough to result in death or serious surgery, including amputation extremities or the genitals, accompanied by a lasting loss of mobility or a profound reduction in the quality of life of the persons concerned.

The injuries associated with the impact of unconventional explosive devices are therefore often extremely problematic, since fragments (primary fragments and secondary fragments) impacting a person often penetrate the upper layers of the skin of the affected person and penetrate deep into the body, which can lead to the destruction or Injury to physiologically important body regions or structures, such as e.g. B. blood vessels, nerve tracts, internal organs or the like, is accompanied. In addition, there is often a high risk of infection, especially since with an increased density of splinters, contaminated secondary splinters in large numbers and in high density (i.e. at a small distance from one another) sometimes affect the body and, as mentioned above, sometimes penetrate deep into the body and consequently direct contact or There is a direct effect on, for example, blood vessels or the like.

With regard to the resulting injuries or types of injury, it is also important that the distance from the explosion location increases, so does the flight altitude of the fragments emitted by explosions close to the ground, so that with increasing distance, extensive injuries can often result in almost all parts of the body. Consequently, it is generally the case that a frequent injury scenario is that there is damage from the lower extremities to the lower torso area of an affected person, with increasing distance from the explosion site also injuries to the upper extremities and, in particular, the lateral upper body up to to the neck and face of the affected person.

In general, the chances of survival for people in the primary explosion radius are often low due to the high speed and quantity and size of the (primary) fragments released and the high heat, fire and pressure effects. On the other hand, the probability of survival increases with increasing distance from the explosion site, since secondary fragments with lower impact energy are primarily present in the secondary explosion radius. However, such secondary fragments sometimes lead to serious injuries of the most varied types and intensities, since even small splinter sizes are problematic in this regard, in particular due to their large quantity and the associated high incidence or impact density, accompanied by a correspondingly increased risk of infection, as mentioned above.

In addition, persons deployed in military operations or in the fight against terrorism or danger are also at risk from stabbing and cutting effects, such as those caused by the use of cutting or stabbing weapons, such as knives or the like. This can also result in permanent injury to a person in question.

In addition, as a result of the impact of ballistic objects, such as projectiles, fragments, such as primary or secondary fragments, and in particular also from flying debris or the like, there is a considerable risk of the destruction of equipment or items of equipment or the like used in action, with the equipment affected in this regard as well as items of equipment can be destroyed or damaged, accompanied by a loss of function. This, in turn, is associated with further disadvantages for people on deployment, since sometimes important technical support is no longer available due to destroyed or non-functional equipment or items of equipment and, moreover, sometimes the purpose or objective of the deployment can no longer be implemented.

Thus, in particular, it is also the case that, for example, equipment or equipment used in corresponding military operations or for countering terrorism, such as emergency vehicles, machines, weapons, ammunition, spare parts, electronic objects, accessories, systems, facilities, equipment or the like, in particular by the impact of unconventional explosive devices with the associated release of fragments can be damaged or even destroyed, especially since these are often complex and technically sensitive objects. Corresponding primary or secondary splinters can, for example, penetrate the outer skin, walls or the housing of corresponding objects and thus also affect the interior of the corresponding objects, accompanied by corresponding damage or destruction of the underlying equipment or the underlying equipment. In addition, objects of this type can also be correspondingly damaged or destroyed as a result of the use of cutting or thrusting weapons, for example.

Overall, the above statements make it clear that there is a great need in the prior art to provide effective protective systems or corresponding protective materials that provide effective protection against fragments released by explosion or detonation or further protection against the effects of punctures and cuts provide, whereby the corresponding material with a wide range of applications should ensure effective and individually adaptable protection with regard to persons to be protected as well as objects or equipment to be protected.

However, the protective materials or protective systems known in the prior art sometimes do not always meet the high demands placed on such materials, neither with regard to their protective function as such nor their handling, individual adaptability and durability.

The protective materials known in the prior art also sometimes have the disadvantage that their material properties are often not sufficiently flexible, which impairs their individual adaptability to structures to be protected, their further processing and their wearing comfort, for example when used as protective clothing. In addition, the protective materials known in the prior art do not always have the desired durability in terms of ballistic stability. Furthermore, the haptic properties are not always optimal.

With regard to the state of the art with the approaches and measures there to provide protective materials to ensure a certain level of protection against objects released by explosions or projectiles, it should also be mentioned that the state of the art is largely based on the use of materials or yarns for Formation of textile sheet materials based on para-aramid (also known as para-aramid, paraaramid or poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide (PPTA))) is stopped.

Although such systems based on para-aramid have a certain strength, impact strength and elongation at break and are therefore basically suitable as splinter protection material, a key disadvantage of para-aramids is that they are neither UV-stable nor moisture-stable, see above that corresponding materials based on para-aramids lose their strength properties and thus their ballistic protective function when exposed to UV radiation or moisture, such as body sweat or rain or washing water. For this reason, too, these materials have only a low washing or cleaning ability, which is equally disadvantageous.

Furthermore, fibers or yarns based on para-aramids have only a low breaking strength transversely to the longitudinal axis, which is particularly disadvantageous with regard to the processing of these materials into corresponding textile sheet materials, especially in the form of knitted fabrics, since with curvature (e.g. with stitch formation) yarn or fiber breakage can occur.

In order to counteract the aforementioned disadvantageous material properties of para-aramids in a certain way, it is sometimes provided in the prior art to make the material based on para-aramids water-repellent or to weld it into films in order to counteract the degenerative process of loss of stability, in particular due to moisture or counteract UV radiation. However, such a procedure is disadvantageous in that the wearing comfort of the resulting materials is impaired because the transport of moisture is reduced or prevented when worn and the air permeability of the material is also adversely affected.

Due to the high sensitivity to UV radiation, the basic materials are only suitable to a limited extent for use in protective clothing in the form of outerwear or outerwear, which is worn in particular as the outermost layer and is therefore exposed to direct solar radiation. In this context, drying or storing the materials under solar radiation with corresponding UV exposure is also problematic.

The DE 30 34 547 C2 relates to an item of clothing with at least one puncture-resistant planar element made of a plurality of three-dimensionally shaped layers of textile aramid fiber surfaces that are bonded together, the planar element being bonded in a preselected shape adapted to the body shape of the wearer by quilting.

Furthermore, the WO 99/37969 A1 and those belonging to the same patent family DE 198 02 242 A1 or. EP 1 058 808 A1 or. US 6,656,570 B1 protective clothing to protect against puncture injuries, which is intended to ensure a certain level of protection against needle-like puncture devices, the protective clothing consisting of several layers of fabrics made of unbreakable materials, with more than one of the layers being coated with a hard material layer. The focus here is on the use of aramid fabrics to form the layers.

In addition, the EP 1 229 298 A1 a protective element which can be used to protect equipment or objects and which has a blanket-like structure with solid fibers, the protective element having cavities or chambers which are filled with at least one hollow body. With regard to the underlying fibers, the main focus is on the use of aramid fibers.

The DE 20 2015 004 869 U1 relates to a protective material which is preferably designed to protect or cover or line objects (such as technical objects in the form of civilian or military objects or equipment), the protective material being designed as a flat or two-dimensional textile material, preferably in the form of a large-area, coherent fabric, such as in the form of a cover, a cloth, a sheet, a blanket, a tarpaulin, a mat or the like, the textile material being in the form of a woven fabric, scrim or non-woven fabric and the textile material having at least comprises or consists of a polyethylene with an ultra-high molecular weight, the polyethylene with an ultra-high molecular weight being in the form of a yarn or thread or thread and used to form or as a component of the protective material.

Furthermore, the DE 20 2012 012 974 U1 an underwear with ballistic equipment, wherein the base of the underwear is composed of a splinter-resistant knitted fabric made of UHMW-PE and at least one other textile material, the knitted fabric made of UHMW-PE being arranged in a first zone of the base and wherein the meshes of the knitwear made of UHMW-PE are formed in such a way that a pattern of longitudinal ribs running parallel to one another is formed on the main surfaces of the knitwear, the at least one additional textile material forming at least a second zone and the additional textile material arranged in a third zone Material is designed as an elastic textile material.

Furthermore, as far as the use of other raw materials, different from para-aramid, which are used in particular in the form of yarns for the production of sheet materials, the underlying yarns do not always have optimal processing properties, especially with regard to their stiffness and sliding properties (which processing into textiles is more difficult). In addition, such yarns can still be optimized with regard to their stability. In addition, excessive rigidity due to the limited flexibility and pliability also leads to less than optimal wearing properties when used for protective clothing and to a limited adaptability of the materials when used as protective covers or the like for devices or pieces of equipment.

In summary, it can thus be stated that the materials cited in the prior art or concepts provided in this regard do not always have optimal stability properties with regard to ensuring a certain protective function against ballistic forces, in particular with regard to providing a certain splinter protection in terms of providing sustained ballistic resistance. Furthermore, the materials or concepts known in the prior art do not always go hand in hand with optimal application and processing properties, and in addition, especially with regard to use as protective clothing, there are not always optimal wearing properties and with regard to use as protective equipment for objects optimal adaptation properties to the object to be protected are present. For this reason, too, there is an overall great need to provide special protective materials which, with a simultaneously high protective function, in particular against splinters released by detonation or explosion, are also very comfortable to wear when used as protective clothing and, when used as protective material for equipment or Items also have a high adaptability to the object to be protected.

Against this background, the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing an efficient concept for providing a protective material, the disadvantages of the prior art described above being at least largely avoided or at least mitigated. In this context, an object of the present invention is to be seen as providing a protective material that can be used as protective clothing and also as protective equipment or material (e.g. to protect objects or equipment material or the like) for military or civilian Area can be used and which has an improved ballistic protective function compared to the prior art, in particular against splinters released by detonation or explosion, whereby puncture and cut protection properties should also be provided. The protective material provided according to the invention should also have high resistance to moisture and UV radiation while at the same time having a high protective function.

In this context, one object of the present invention is to be seen in particular as providing a special protective material that has high surface stability and durability, whereby the protective material should at the same time be universally applicable or individually adaptable with regard to the underlying application, for example as a Should have protective clothing or as protective equipment for equipment or objects or the like or can be tailored for the respective purpose. Overall, a high splinter protection function and at the same time corresponding cut and puncture protection properties should be provided. In the case of use as protective clothing, a correspondingly high level of wearing comfort should also be ensured.

Likewise, a further object of the present invention is to provide a corresponding protective material which has improved processability to form corresponding protective clothing or protective equipment.

In order to solve the above-described problem, the present invention thus proposes - according to a first aspect of the present invention - the protective article according to the invention, which is in the form of protective clothing, with splinter, puncture or cut protection properties, preferably with splinter protection properties for military and/or civil sphere according to the patent claim which is independent in this respect and relates to the subject matter of protection; further advantageous developments and refinements of this aspect of the invention are the subject matter of the corresponding dependent claims relating to the protected subject matter according to the invention.

Furthermore, the subject of the present invention - according to a second aspect of the present invention - is also the use of the planar material according to the invention to provide or increase protection against splinter, punctures or cuts, preferably splinter protection, for protective objects in the form of protective clothing according to the relevant independent claim to use.

It goes without saying that in the following description of the present invention, such configurations, embodiments, advantages, examples or the like, which are described below - for the purpose of avoiding unnecessary repetitions - only for a single aspect of the invention, of course also in relation to the others Aspects of the invention apply accordingly, without requiring express mention.

In addition, with regard to the following description of the present invention, it is also the case that the features of the present invention specified in connection with the specific configurations, embodiments, advantages, examples or the like are also deemed to be disclosed in their combination. Thus, in the present case, superordinate combinations of individual or multiple features, which are specified for respective configurations, embodiments, application examples or the like, also apply as disclosed.

Furthermore, it goes without saying that in the following statements of values, numbers and ranges, the relevant statements of values, numbers and ranges are not to be understood as limiting; It goes without saying for the person skilled in the art that it is possible to deviate from the specified ranges or specifications in individual cases or in relation to the application, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

In addition, all values or parameter information or the like mentioned below can be determined or determined using standardized or explicitly stated determination methods or otherwise using determination or measurement methods familiar to the person skilled in the art in this field. Unless otherwise stated, the underlying values or parameters are determined under standard conditions (i.e. in particular at a temperature of 20 °C and/or at a pressure of 1,013.25 hPa or 1.01325 bar).

Furthermore, it should be noted that with all relative or percentage, in particular weight-related, quantity data listed below, this data must be selected or combined within the scope of the present invention by the person skilled in the art in such a way that in total - possibly including other components or Ingredients, in particular as defined below - always result in 100% or 100% by weight. This goes without saying for the expert.

For the purpose of illustrating the present invention, reference is also made to the reference symbols given in the figures in the following description of the objects according to the invention; the references given in this regard are purely illustrative and are not associated with any limitation of the objects according to the invention.

Having said that, the present invention will be described in more detail below.

• wobei das textile Flächenmaterial mindestens ein das textile Flächenmaterial ausbildendes Garnsystem, insbesondere Multifilamentgarnsystem, aufweist oder hieraus besteht,
• wobei das Garnsystem aus mindestens einem UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn besteht oder hieraus gebildet ist,
• wobei das UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn aus einer Vielzahl an zumindest im Wesentlichen gleichen und/oder zueinander zumindest im Wesentlichen identischen UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamenten besteht oder hieraus gebildet ist, wobei die UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamente zur Ausbildung des UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarns zusammengedreht und/oder gezwirnt (verzwirnt) sind, vorzugsweise mittels Verdrehen (Zusammendrehen) der UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamente (4) untereinander,
• wobei das UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn (3) aus 5 bis 500 UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamenten (4) besteht oder hieraus gebildet wird und wobei die UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamente (4) jeweils einen Titer im Bereich von 0,2 dtex bis 30 dtex aufweisen,
• wobei das UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn (3) in Z-Richtung oder in S-Richtung eine Garndrehung im Bereich von 60 T/m bis 140 T/m aufweist und
• wobei das UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn einen Titer (Feinheit, Garnfeinheit) von mindestens 150 dtex aufweist.

The present invention is thus - according to a first aspect of the present invention - protective article in the form of protective clothing with splinter, stab and / or cut protection properties for the military and / or civil sector, the protective article at least one textile includes or consists of planar material (1) with splinter, puncture and/or cut protection properties,

• wherein the textile planar material has or consists of at least one yarn system forming the textile planar material, in particular a multifilament yarn system,
• wherein the yarn system consists of or is formed from at least one UHMW-PE multifilament yarn,
• wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn consists of or is formed from a multiplicity of at least substantially identical and/or at least substantially identical UHMW-PE individual filaments to one another, the UHMW-PE individual filaments being twisted together to form the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn and/or are twisted (twisted), preferably by twisting (twisting) the UHMW-PE individual filaments (4) among themselves,
• wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3) consists of 5 to 500 UHMW-PE individual filaments (4) or is formed therefrom and wherein the UHMW-PE individual filaments (4) each have a linear density in the range from 0.2 dtex to 30 have dtex
• wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3) has a twist in the Z-direction or in the S-direction in the range from 60 T/m to 140 T/m and
• wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn has a titer (fineness, yarn fineness) of at least 150 dtex.

The textile planar material described here or which can be used according to the invention is in particular a planar and/or two-dimensional textile material. The textile material is used in particular in or as protective clothing or processed into protective clothing, in particular protective clothing for the military and/or civilian sector. In this regard, reference can also be made to the following statements.

A central idea of the present invention is to be seen in particular in forming or providing a special textile planar material (also referred to as a flat structure) on the basis of a yarn system using a very special yarn, with a UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (UHMW -PE = U ltra High M olecular W eight P olyethylene) (synonymously also referred to as multifilament yarn) is used, which, in addition to a defined titre (synonymously also referred to as fineness or yarn fineness), has a large number of UHMW-PE individual filaments (synonymously also referred to as individual filaments), the individual filaments for forming the UHMW PE multifilament yarn are twisted together and/or twisted (also referred to as twisted), for example by twisting or twisting the individual UHMW-PE filaments (4) together.

In this context, the applicant has found, in a completely surprising manner, that on the basis of the special measures according to the invention, a textile fabric is provided which, at the same time as improved protection against splintering, punctures or cuts, preferably improved protection against splintering, also has improved processing properties (such as an improved Processing, for example, into protective clothing) and has improved application properties (such as improved comfort when used as protective clothing). In addition, the production of the textile sheet material as such is improved, in particular since the special UHMW-PE multifilament yarn has improved bending and flexibility properties, which is beneficial, for example, for the preferred design of the material as a knitted fabric, as detailed below . Due to the high flexibility or flexibility of the special multifilament yarn, the flexibility or flexibility of the resulting textile sheet material is also improved at the same time, which is equally associated with positive effects on wearing comfort when used as protective clothing and the adaptability to objects to be protected. In addition, the use of a very special UHMW-PE multifilament yarn leads to improved splinter, puncture and cut protection, preferably improved splinter protection, of the resulting textile sheet material, since the special multifilament yarn itself has improved stability properties.

Without wanting to be limited to this theory, the improved properties of the textile sheet material, both in terms of stability and flexibility and the improved manufacturing and processing properties, are also largely due to the special UHMW-PE multifilament yarn with its special design based on a large number UHMW-PE individual filaments back, which in the multifilament yarn, for example, by means Twisting are summarized or twisted together and form the multifilament yarn as such.

According to the invention, it is therefore in particular such that the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn is formed or consists of individual UHMW-PE filaments, which are combined by twisting (twisting or twisting) to form the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (single yarn).

The stability and flexibility or pliability properties of the resulting multifilament yarn are primarily improved in that the UHMW-PE individual filaments are present in a twisted form, so to speak, as a result of being twisted or twisted together in the multifilament yarn. This increases the flexibility of the multifilament yarn itself, since the mobility of the individual filaments in the multifilament yarn is improved overall. In addition, the stability is increased, since the kinetic energy introduced can be better distributed and dissipated, and the twisted arrangement also results in mutual reinforcement of the individual filaments.

The improved flexibility of the multifilament yarn as a result of the twisted arrangement of the individual filaments also leads to advantages with regard to the processing of the underlying multifilament yarn into the textile planar material, after which the planar material or the yarn system is preferably formed as a knitted fabric. Because in this regard, the situation is such that, particularly with regard to the underlying stitches, which represent a central element of a knitted fabric, high bends or small curve radii are required in relation to the multifilament yarn, which due to the high pliability or flexibility of the multifilament yarn used according to the invention in can be realized in a correspondingly simplified or improved manner. In this context, for example, particularly small curve radii can be realized when laying the yarn, which also leads to a high yarn density or to a high surface coverage of the textile planar material with the multifilament yarn, again accompanied by improved ballistic stability.

In this context, it is also completely surprising that the multifilament yarn used according to the invention retains the above-mentioned high pliability or flexibility even with relatively high titres or counts (which lead to an additional improvement in the stability properties), so that even for relatively heavy yarns or For yarns with a relatively large diameter, there are correspondingly good processing properties and improved product properties with regard to the resulting textile sheet material.

In addition, according to the invention, it is particularly the case that the textile planar material described here, in addition to providing excellent protection against splinter, punctures and/or cuts, preferably splinter protection, also has shot and/or impact protection. Consequently, the textile planar material also has a good protective function, for example against projectiles coming directly from firearms or the like or against the effects of blunt weapons.

As stated above, a special multifilament yarn in the form of UHMW-PE or individual filaments in the form of UHMW-PE is used in the context of the present invention to form a multifilament yarn. In this context, the applicant has equally surprisingly found that the use of such a special material is therefore also particularly suitable for forming the textile sheet material described here, that polyethylene with an ultra-high molecular weight in the form of multifilament yarns has a very high tensile strength and a high Tensile strength, high breaking strength and flexural strength and a very high modulus of elasticity. In addition, UHMW-PE is moisture and UV resistant, which means that the sheet materials provided according to the invention have a high resistance to water (washing resistance), along with a high durability of the ballistic protective function, especially in direct sunlight, as mentioned above . Furthermore, as previously mentioned, the UHMW-PE has very good chemical resistance and outstanding bacterial resistance. According to the invention, a flat material is provided overall which, in addition to efficient puncture and cut protection, also has a high level of splinter protection in a purposeful manner, in particular against splinters released by detonation or explosion, such as when unconventional explosive devices explode in the form of explosively released or caused by primary or secondary fragments.

The term " splinter protection " as used according to the invention is to be understood very broadly and refers in particular to the provision of a protective function against the penetration or penetration of ballistic bodies or projectiles released directly or indirectly by detonation or explosion, in particular in the form of splinters, which are characterized in particular by small particle sizes and an irregular shape and which are released explosively in the form of primary and/or secondary splinters, in particular when unconventional explosive devices detonate, and with high speed or kinetic energy that of a detonation meet exposed people. In a corresponding manner, according to the invention, the terms " puncture protection " and " cut protection " are to be understood very broadly, with the aforementioned terms referring in particular to the further provision of a protective function against the (force) effect of puncture or .Cut weapons or pointed or sharp objects.

Furthermore, the term " twisting ", also referred to synonymously as " twisting ", or " twisted " or the like, as used in the context of the present invention, is to be understood very broadly. In particular, in the context of the present invention, the term in question refers to the twisting together of individual filaments to form the multifilament yarn used according to the invention, in particular so that the multifilament yarns used according to the invention are preferably in the form of twisted yarns, based on the individual filaments on which the multifilament yarn is based. According to the invention, the term “ twisting ” or “ twisted ” or the like is understood synonymously with the twisting together provided according to the invention or the twisting of individual filaments among themselves (to one another) to form the multifilament yarn used according to the invention.

In the following, the present invention is explained in more detail with reference to drawings or figure representations showing preferred exemplary embodiments or embodiments. In connection with the explanation of these preferred exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which are in no way limiting in relation to the present invention, further advantages, properties, aspects and features of the present invention are also shown.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Darstellung eines Aufbaus des vorliegend beschriebenen bzw. Erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren textilen Flächenmaterials gemäß einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform, wonach das textile Flächenmaterial als Maschenware, vorzugsweise als Gewirke oder als Gestricke, ausgebildet ist, wobei das textile Flächenmaterial bzw. die textile Maschenware zusätzlich mit Bindungselementen in Form von Flottungen versehen ist;

Fig. 1A

eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung aus Fig. 1 mit einer weiterführenden veranschaulichenden Darstellung des erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten UMHW-PE-Multifilamentgarns, wonach das UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn aus UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamenten gebildet ist, welche zur Ausbildung des UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarns zusammengeführt bzw. zusammengedreht sind;

Fig. 1B

eine nochmalige Ausschnittsvergrößerung zu dem erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn mit der veranschaulichenden Ausbildung des UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarns auf Basis von UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamenten;

Fig. 2

eine weitere schematische Darstellung eines Aufbaus des vorliegend beschriebenen textilen Flächenmaterials gemäß einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform, wonach das textile Flächenmaterial als Maschenware, und zwar als Gestricke, ausgebildet ist, wobei das textile Flächenmaterial bzw. die textile Maschenware zusätzlich mit Bindungselementen in Form von Schüssen (Schussfäden) versehen ist;

Fig. 2A

eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung aus Fig. 2 mit einer weiterführenden veranschaulichenden Darstellung des erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten UMHW-PE-Multifilamentgarns, wonach das UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn aus UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamenten gebildet ist, welche zur Ausbildung des UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarns zusammengeführt bzw. zusammengedreht sind;

Fig. 2B

eine nochmalige Ausschnittsvergrößerung zu dem erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn mit der veranschaulichenden Ausbildung des UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarns auf Basis von UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamenten;

Fig. 3

eine rasterelektronenmikroskopische Vergrößerungsdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen textilen Flächenmaterials in der Draufsicht, wobei das erfindungsgemäße Flächenmaterial als textile Maschenware ausgebildet ist;

Fig. 4

eine lichtmikroskopische Vergrößerungsdarstellung des textilen Flächenmaterials nach der Erfindung in der Draufsicht, wobei das textile Flächenmaterial gleichermaßen als Maschenware ausgebildet ist.

In the figure representations shows:

1

a schematic representation of a structure of the textile sheet material described here or that can be used according to the invention according to an embodiment of the invention, according to which the textile sheet material is designed as a knitted fabric, preferably as a knitted fabric or as a knitted fabric, the textile sheet material or the textile knitted fabric additionally having binding elements in the form is provided with floats;

Figure 1A

an enlargement of a section 1 with a further illustrative representation of the UMHW-PE multifilament yarn used according to the invention, according to which the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn is formed from UHMW-PE individual filaments, which are brought together or twisted together to form the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn;

Figure 1B

a further enlargement of a section of the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn used according to the invention with the illustrative formation of the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn based on UHMW-PE single filaments;

2

a further schematic representation of a structure of the textile planar material described here according to an embodiment of the invention, according to which the textile planar material is designed as a knitted fabric, specifically as a knitted fabric, the textile planar material or the textile knitted fabric additionally having binding elements in the form of wefts (weft threads) is provided;

Figure 2A

an enlargement of a section 2 with a further illustrative representation of the UMHW-PE multifilament yarn used according to the invention, according to which the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn is formed from UHMW-PE individual filaments, which are brought together or twisted together to form the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn;

Figure 2B

a further enlargement of a section of the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn used according to the invention with the illustrative formation of the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn based on UHMW-PE single filaments;

3

a scanning electron microscopic enlarged representation of a textile planar material according to the invention in plan view, wherein the planar material according to the invention is designed as a textile knitted fabric;

4

a light microscopic magnified representation of the textile sheet material according to the invention in plan view, wherein the textile sheet material is also designed as a knitted fabric.

• wobei das textile Flächenmaterial 1 mindestens ein das textile Flächenmaterial 1 ausbildendes Garnsystem 2, insbesondere Multifilamentgarnsystem, aufweist oder hieraus besteht,
• wobei das Garnsystem 2 aus mindestens einem UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn 3 besteht oder hieraus gebildet ist,
• wobei das UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn 3 aus einer Vielzahl an zumindest im Wesentlichen gleichen und/oder zueinander zumindest im Wesentlichen identischen UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamenten 4 besteht oder hieraus gebildet ist, wobei die UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamente 4 zur Ausbildung des UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarns 3 zusammengedreht und/oder gezwirnt (verzwirnt), sind, vorzugsweise mittels Verdrehen (Zusammendrehen) der UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamente (4) untereinander,
• wobei das UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn 3 aus 5 bis 500 UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamenten 4 besteht oder hieraus gebildet wird und wobei die UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamente 4 jeweils einen Titer im Bereich von 0,2 dtex bis 30 dtex aufweisen,
• wobei das UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn 3 in Z-Richtung oder in S-Richtung eine Garndrehung im Bereich von 60 T/m bis 140 T/m aufweist und
• wobei das UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn 3 einen Titer (Feinheit, Garnfeinheit) von mindestens 150 dtex aufweist.

The figure representations according to Figures 1, 1A, 1B , 2, 2A, 2B as well as 3 and 4 illustrate in particular the first inventive aspect of the present invention, according to which namely a textile sheet material (sheet structure) 1 with splinter, puncture and / or cut protection properties, preferably with splinter protection, for use in protective clothing for the military and / or civilian area, provided

• wherein the textile planar material 1 has or consists of at least one yarn system 2 forming the textile planar material 1, in particular a multifilament yarn system,
• wherein the yarn system 2 consists of or is formed from at least one UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3,
• wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 consists of a plurality of at least substantially identical and/or at least substantially identical UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 or is formed therefrom, wherein the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 form the UHMW-PE -Multifilament yarn 3 twisted together and/or twisted (twisted), preferably by twisting (twisting) the UHMW-PE individual filaments (4) among themselves,
• wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 consists of 5 to 500 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 or is formed therefrom and wherein the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 each have a titer in the range from 0.2 dtex to 30 dtex,
• wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 has a yarn twist in the range of 60 T/m to 140 T/m in the Z direction or in the S direction and
• wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 has a linear density (fineness, yarn fineness) of at least 150 dtex.

As mentioned above, a special textile sheet material is provided on the basis of the present invention, which reduces or prevents penetration or the effects of splinters when used in protective clothing to protect people on duty, which also means that the effects of Cutting and stabbing weapons, as well as thrusting weapons, is permanently reduced or even prevented in relation to the persons protected with the textile planar material, which is ensured in particular by the special properties of the planar material according to the invention, as explained in more detail below.

In this context, the textile planar material described here is characterized in particular by the fact that the underlying UHMW-PE multifilament yarn consists of or is formed from a large number of specially designed and arranged UHMW-PE individual filaments. For this purpose, in particular Figures 1A and 1B or on Figures 2A and 2B with the respective detail enlargement 1 or off 2 as well as also on 3 and 4 to get expelled.

According to the invention, it is also the case in particular that the textile planar material or the yarn system forming the planar material is formed exclusively on the basis of the at least one UHMW-PE multifilament yarn or consists of it, with the multifilament yarn in turn being formed from UHMW-PE individual filaments or . According to the invention, it is thus provided in particular that the textile planar material described here as such and/or that which forms the textile planar material In addition to the at least one UHMW-PE multifilament yarn, the yarn system has at least essentially no multifilament yarn or yarn as such that differs from this. In particular, with regard to the textile planar material described here, it also has no yarns based on aramids (such as para-amides or meta-aramids) or the like. This allows the material properties to be further improved. In particular, in addition to the high stability as a result of the use of a special UHMW-PE multifilament yarn, the textile material described here also has high resistance, in particular to moisture and UV radiation. As a result, the protective function provided is also guaranteed over long periods of time.

It is provided according to the invention that UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 consists of at least 5 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, in particular at least 10 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, preferably at least 20 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, preferably at least 40 UHMW-PE Individual filaments 4, particularly preferably at least 60 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, very particularly preferably at least 80 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, or is formed therefrom.

In this regard, it is particularly provided according to the invention that the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 consists of at most 500 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, in particular at most 400 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, preferably at most 300 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, preferably at most 200 UHMW- PE individual filaments 4, particularly preferably at most 160 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, very particularly preferably at most 120 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, or is formed therefrom.

According to the invention, the behavior is such that the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 consists of 5 to 500 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, in particular 10 to 400 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, preferably 20 to 300 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, preferably 40 to 200 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, particularly preferably 60 to 160 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, very particularly preferably 80 to 120 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, or is formed therefrom.

In particular, the defined number of individual filaments 4 leads to the formation of the multifilament yarn with a corresponding increase in stability, since the kinetic energy associated or acting with the impact of splinters, for example, can be better absorbed and distributed.

In addition, the titre (synonymously also as fineness) of the UHMW-PE filaments 4 used according to the invention to form the multifilament yarn 3 is of great importance, with regard to the provision of high stability on the one hand and high pliability or flexibility on the other hand of the resulting multifilament yarn 3 the following values or ranges have proven to be particularly advantageous:
It is provided according to the invention that the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 2060 (ie DIN EN ISO 2060:1995-04), each have a titer (fineness) of at least 0.2 dtex, in particular at least 0.5 dtex, preferably at least 0.8 dtex, preferably at least 1 dtex, particularly preferably at least 1.2 dtex, very particularly preferably at least 1.5 dtex.

In addition, it is provided according to the invention that the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 2060, each have a titre (fineness) of at most 30 dtex, in particular at most 10 dtex, preferably at most 5 dtex, preferably at most 3 dtex, particularly preferably at most 2.8 dtex, very particularly preferably at most 2.5 dtex.

In the present case, it is in the context of the present invention such that the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 2060, each have a titre (fineness) in the range from 0.2 dtex to 30 dtex, in particular in the range from 0.5 dtex to 10 dtex, preferably in the range from 0.8 dtex to 5 dtex, preferably in the range from 1 dtex to 3 dtex, particularly preferably in the range from 1.2 dtex to 2.8 dtex, very particularly preferably in the range from 1.5 dtex to 2.5 dtex.

In addition, it can also be provided within the scope of the present invention that the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 have at least substantially identical titers (fines) to one another. In this regard, any deviation of the respective titers (fineness) from each other can be at most 10%, in particular at most 5%, preferably at most 3%, preferably at most 1%, based on the lower value. In this context, the use of individual filaments 4 with finenesses that are at least essentially identical to one another leads to the formation of a particularly homogeneous multifilament yarn 3, which equally benefits the stability of the multifilament yarn 3 and thus also of the textile planar material 1 according to the invention.

In addition, it can be provided within the scope of the present invention that the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 each have a diameter of at least 7.5 μm, in particular at least 10 μm, preferably at least 12.5 μm, preferably at least 15 μm, particularly preferably at least 17.5 µm.

Likewise, it can be provided according to the invention that the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 each have a diameter of at most 50 μm, in particular at most 45 μm, preferably at most 40 μm, preferably at most 30 μm, particularly preferably at most 22.5 μm.

In this context, the invention provides in particular that the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 each have a diameter in the range from 7.5 μm to 50 μm, in particular in the range from 10 μm to 45 μm, preferably in the range from 12.5 μm to 40 μm, preferably in the range from 15 μm to 30 μm, particularly preferably in the range from 17.5 μm to 22.5 μm.

In the context of the present invention, it has proven to be advantageous if the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 have at least essentially identical diameters to one another. In this regard, any deviation of the respective diameters from one another can be at most 10%, in particular at most 5%, preferably at most 3%, preferably at most 1%, based on the smaller value.

According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 are formed at least essentially entirely from UHMW-PE or consist of it. In particular, the situation according to the invention is also such that the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 have at least essentially no other ingredients and/or components, in particular no adhesives or the like, in addition to UHMW-PE.

According to the invention, it has proven to be advantageous if the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 are each designed as endless filaments. This leads to a further improvement in the stability of the multifilament yarn obtained from this, in particular with regard to its maximum tensile strength or maximum tensile elongation.

As far as the arrangement of the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 for the formation of the multifilament yarn 3 is concerned, according to the invention the behavior is in particular as stated below, with reference also to the illustrative representation according to FIG Figures 1A and 1B or. Figures 2A and 2B as well as further on 3 and 4 can be referenced:
According to the invention, the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 are twisted (twisted) and/or twisted together and/or twisted among themselves (to each other), preferably twisted together and/or twisted to each other (to each other) to form the multifilament yarn 3 . According to the invention, the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 are arranged twisted and/or twisted together and/or twisted among themselves (to each other) to form the multifilament yarn 3 in the multifilament yarn 3, preferably twisted together and/or twisted among themselves (to each other). .

In general, it can behave according to the invention in such a way that the respective UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 are at least essentially not twisted on themselves or that an individual UHMW-PE individual filament 4 is at least essentially not twisted on itself. It also follows from this that there is no excessive tension in the respective individual filaments themselves, which is beneficial to stability and flexibility overall.

With regard to the formation of the multifilament yarn 3 based on the specific number, type and/or arrangement of the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4, the measures according to the invention also lead to a further increase in the ballistic stability of the resulting multifilament yarn 3. In particular, the defined number Filaments, the defined fineness, the defined diameter, the special arrangement of the filaments on the basis of the targeted and purposeful twisting together and/or the uniform formation of the individual filaments 4 to improve ballistic stability, in particular - without wanting to be limited to this theory - striking kinetic Energy (such as that introduced by the impact of splinters or the like) can be absorbed and dissipated to an improved extent. At the same time, a high degree of pliability or flexibility of the multifilament yarn 3 is ensured. Consequently, the multifilament yarn used according to the invention combines the diametrical properties of high stability on the one hand and high flexibility on the other hand in one and the same material, which is also reflected in the planar material 1 based on it according to the invention, as mentioned above.

According to the invention, it is provided in particular that the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 is twisted or twisted. In this context, the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 can be twisted and/or twisted in the Z-direction or in the S-direction, preferably in the Z-direction.

In the context of the present invention, it is provided that the multifilament yarn 3 in the Z direction or in the S direction, preferably in the Z direction, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 2061 (i.e. DIN EN ISO 2061:2015-12), a yarn twist of at least 60 T/m (twists per meter), in particular at least 65 T/m, preferably at least 70 T/m, preferably at least 75 T/m. In this regard, the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 has a yarn and/or thread twist, in particular yarn twist, of at most 140 T/m in the Z direction or in the S direction, preferably in the Z direction, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 2061 (twists per meter), in particular at most 120 T/m, preferably at most 100 T/m, preferably at most 90 T/m.

Thus, within the scope of the present invention, the situation is such that the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 has a yarn and/or thread twist in the Z direction or in the S direction, preferably in the Z direction, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 2061 , in particular yarn twist, in the range from 60 T/m to 140 T/m (twists per meter), in particular in the range from 65 T/m to 120 T/m, preferably in the range from 70 T/m to 100 T/m, preferably in the range of 75 T/m to 90 T/m.

The aforementioned values relate in particular to the twisting of the individual filaments 4 relative to one another or in their entirety in the multifilament yarn 3. In this regard, the Applicant has found, in a completely surprising manner, that the values of the twist of the multifilament yarn 3 indicated above lead to a further optimization of the ballistic stability and thus of the ballistic protection properties. In this context, the special twist (which occurs as a result of the twisting) leads to particularly good stability properties, since also on this basis - without wanting to be limited to this theory - an improved distribution of kinetic energy introduced by the impact of splinters, for example, within the multifilament yarn 3 is guaranteed. In addition, this also further improves the pliability or flexibility.

Consequently, the targeted setting of the twisting or the twisting together of the individual filaments on the basis of the aforementioned values leads to a further optimization also with regard to the flexibility or pliability of the resulting flat textile material 1 according to the invention. Equally, this also improves the processing properties.

In addition, the fineness of the multifilament yarn 3 used according to the invention is also of correspondingly great importance:
It can be provided according to the invention that the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 has a titre (fineness, yarn fineness), in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 2060 (ie DIN EN ISO 2060:1995-04), of at least 155 dtex, in particular at least 160 dtex, preferably at least 180 dtex, preferably at least 190 dtex, particularly preferably at least 195 dtex.

In this context, it can also be provided according to the invention that the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 has a titer (fineness, yarn count), in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 2060, of at most 450 dtex, in particular at most 400 dtex, preferably at most 350 dtex, preferably at most 300 dtex, particularly preferably at most 260 dtex.

In summary, the situation is thus in particular such that the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 has a titer (fineness, yarn count), in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 2060, in the range from 155 dtex to 450 dtex, in particular in the range from 160 dtex to 400 dtex, preferably in the range from 180 dtex to 350 dtex, preferably in the range from 190 dtex to 300 dtex, particularly preferably in the range from 195 dtex to 275 dtex, very particularly preferably in the range from 195 dtex to 260 dtex.

As previously mentioned, the aforementioned (yarn) finenesses of the multifilament yarn 3 go hand in hand with a particularly high ballistic stability, with a high degree of flexibility or pliability of the multifilament yarn 3 being ensured at the same time.

In the context of the present invention, the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 can also have a diameter of at least 30 μm, in particular at least 60 μm, preferably at least 90 μm, preferably at least 120 μm, particularly preferably at least 125 μm.

In this context, the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 can have a diameter of at most 750 μm, in particular at most 500 μm, preferably at most 400 μm, preferably at most 300 μm, particularly preferably at most 200 μm.

Consequently, it can be provided according to the invention that the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 has a diameter in the range from 30 μm to 750 μm, in particular in the range from 60 μm to 500 μm, preferably in the range from 90 μm to 400 μm, preferably in the range of 120 μm to 300 μm, particularly preferably in the range from 125 μm to 200 μm.

In general, the diameter of the multifilament yarn 3 and also of the individual filaments 4 can be determined using methods known per se to a person skilled in the art, for example on the basis of optical or light microscopic or electron microscopic methods.

In general, the multifilament yarn 3 used according to the invention is also characterized by the following properties:
The UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 can have a maximum tensile strength related to the tenacity, determined in particular according to DIN EN ISO 2062 (ie DIN EN ISO 2062:2009-12), of at least 50 cN/tex, in particular at least 100 cN/tex, preferably at least 150 cN /tex, preferably at least 200 cN/tex, particularly preferably at least 300 cN/tex.

In this regard, the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 can have a maximum tenacity, determined in particular according to DIN EN ISO 2062, of no more than 750 cN/tex, in particular no more than 600 cN/tex, preferably no more than 500 cN/tex, preferably no more than 450 cN/tex, in particular preferably at most 400 cN/tex.

In general, it can thus be provided according to the invention that the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 has a tenacity-related maximum tensile strength, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 2062, in the range from 50 cN/tex to 750 cN/tex, in particular in the range of 100 cN/tex to 600 cN/tex, preferably in the range from 150 cN/tex to 500 cN/tex, preferably in the range from 200 cN/tex to 450 cN/tex, particularly preferably in the range from 300 cN/tex to 400 cN/tex .

Likewise, it can be provided according to the invention that the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 has a maximum elongation, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 2062 (i.e. DIN EN ISO 2062:2009-12), of at least 1%, in particular at least 1.5%, preferably at least 2%, preferably at least 3%, particularly preferably at least 3.25%.

In addition, the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 can have a maximum elongation at break, determined in particular according to DIN EN ISO 2062, of no more than 9%, in particular no more than 7%, preferably no more than 5%, preferably no more than 4%, particularly preferably no more than 3.75%.

According to the invention, the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 can thus in particular have a maximum elongation, determined in particular according to DIN EN ISO 2062, in the range from 1% to 9%, in particular in the range from 1.5% to 7%, preferably in the range from 2% to 5%, preferably in the range from 3% to 4%, particularly preferably in the range from 3.25% to 3.75%.

Furthermore, within the scope of the present invention, it can behave in such a way that the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 has a modulus of elasticity in the range from 55 N/tex to 295 N/tex, in particular 80 N/tex to 245 N/tex, preferably 110 N/tex. tex up to 190 N/tex.

In particular, the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 can have a density in the range from 825 kg/m ³ to 1,175 kg/m ³ , in particular 850 kg/m ³ to 1,150 kg/m ³ , preferably 900 kg/m ³ to 1,100 kg/m ³ , preferably 925 kg/m ³ to 1000 kg/m ³ , particularly preferably 975 kg/m ³ to 995 kg/m ³ .

Likewise, the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 can have a crystallinity in the range of 75% to 95%, in particular 77.5% to 92.5%, preferably 80% to 90%, preferably 82.5% to 85%. The crystallinity values relate in particular to the underlying polyethylene with an ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW-PE).

According to the invention, it is provided in particular that the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 has no further components or constituents, in particular different from UHMW-PE, in addition to the components made of UHMW-PE, in particular in addition to the UHMW-PE individual filaments. According to the invention, the situation is thus in particular such that the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 contains UHMW-PE in an amount of 100% by weight, based on the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3, and thus consists of UHMW-PE, specifically in particular on the basis of the UHMW-PE single filaments 4 used according to the invention.

In general, marketable or commercial products can be used within the scope of the present invention with regard to the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 . In particular, corresponding products can be used which are available under the name ^Dyneema® , such as ^Dyneema® SK75 (220 dtex) or ^Dyneema® BK75 (220 dtex).

As far as the surface material 1 or the yarn system 2 is concerned, it can be provided according to the invention that, as in 1 or. 2 as well as 3 and 4 shown, the planar material 1 or the yarn system 2, in particular the planar material 1, is in the form of a textile knitted fabric or is present as a textile knitted fabric. In this context, the surface material 1 or the yarn system 2, in particular the planar material 1, have a large number of stitches 5 on the one hand and optionally at least one different binding element 6 on the other.

Consequently, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is the case according to the invention in particular that the planar material 1 or the yarn system 2 is present as a textile knitted fabric, specifically on the basis of a large number of stitches 5 as the basic element forming the knitted fabric. It can be provided within the scope of a further embodiment according to the invention that the planar material 1 present as a textile knitted fabric or the relevant yarn system 2 is additionally equipped with different binding elements 6 (i.e. from the stitches 5), as shown in 1 or. 2 illustrated.

In general, the targeted formation of the textile planar material 1 or the yarn system 2 as a textile knitted fabric has the central advantage that an elastic, stretchable, supple and flexible planar material is provided overall, which, when used as protective clothing, increases the wearing comfort with high Fit accuracy improved, in this regard also excellent wearing properties are provided. In this context, the above-mentioned positive properties, which are associated with the formation as a knitted fabric, are further improved by the targeted formation of the multifilament yarn 3, in particular on the basis of a large number of defined individual filaments 4. The structure of the planar material 1 or the yarn system 2 in the form of a textile knitted fabric also has the advantage that the resulting planar material 1 can be compressed and folded, for example, without damaging the material structure, with the material returning to its original shape in a corresponding manner after the load has been removed able to take back. This also maintains the overall durability of the planar material 1 according to the invention and the associated level of protection.

According to the invention, the overall behavior is such that the underlying mesh structure of the planar material 1 described here or of the yarn system 2 further supports or further improves the ballistic properties and thus the protective function provided according to the invention, in particular due to the formation of a solid (mesh) composite.

In this context, it has proven to be advantageous according to the invention if the planar material 1 and/or the yarn system 2, in particular the planar material 1, in the form of a knitted fabric and/or a warp-knitted fabric, in particular a warp knitted fabric and/or a weft knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, is formed or is present or if the planar material 1 and/or the yarn system 2 is in the form of a knitted fabric (knitted fabric) and/or a knitted fabric (knitted fabric), in particular as a warp knitted fabric and/or as a weft knitted fabric, preferably as a knitted fabric.

According to the invention, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the planar material 1 or the yarn system 2, in particular the planar material 1, is in the form of a knitted fabric or is present as a knitted fabric.

In particular, the textile knitted fabric, in particular in the form of a knitted fabric, can have a foundation selected from the group consisting of fringes, tricot, cloth, satin, velvet and atlas.

Likewise, it can be provided according to the invention that the textile knitted fabric, in particular in the form of a knitted fabric, has a RIGHT/LEFT (RL), RIGHT/RIGHT (RR) or LEFT/LEFT (LL) stitch weave, preferably a RIGHT/RIGHT ( RR) stitch weave.

In general, the textile knitted fabric, in particular in the form of a knitted fabric, can be in the form of a jersey and/or interlock knitted fabric, in particular interlock knitted fabric, and/or preferably in the form of a jersey and/or interlock knitted fabric, preferably an interlock knitted fabric, be trained.

In addition, the knitwear, in particular in the form of a knitted fabric, can have at least one rib structure. In particular, the textile knitted fabric, in particular in the form of a knitted fabric, can have rib-shaped elevations, preferably longitudinal ribs. It can be provided in particular that the rib-shaped elevations, in particular the longitudinal ribs, run and/or are arranged at least essentially in a straight line or parallel to one another.

The formation of the rib-shaped elevations can take place in particular during the production of the textile planar material 1 on the basis of a special stitching. The corresponding manufacturing processes are well known to the person skilled in the art, so that no further explanations are required in this regard.

Within the scope of the present invention, it can also be provided that the textile knitted fabric, in particular in the form of a knitted fabric, is designed as or on this interlock knitted fabric with needle tension, for example as a 1:1 rib or 2:1 cylinder base is made.

As in 1 or. 2 shown schematically, it can be provided according to the invention with regard to the formation of the planar material 1 or the yarn system 2 within the scope of the present invention that the knitted fabric additionally has at least one binding element 6 different from the stitch 5 . In this regard, the binding element 6 can be selected from the group of handles, floats (float), weft, partial weft and stationary thread, preferably handles and floats (float). For this shows 1 schematically the formation of binding elements 6 in the form of floats. In addition, shows 2 schematically the formation of binding elements 6 in the form of wefts.

In general, it can be provided according to the invention that the binding element 6 is designed or is present in the form of a handle and/or a float (float). The binding element 6 is particularly preferably in the form of a float.

It is possible within the scope of the present invention for the binding element 6 to be formed from the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 and/or a further UHMW-PE multifilament yarn that is separate and/or different from the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 .

The mechanical or ballistic stability or integrity of the surface material 1 is further improved by the use of special binding elements 6--as the applicant found in a completely surprising manner. According to the invention, it is advantageous if the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has a weight per unit area, determined in particular in accordance with DIN EN 12 127:1997, of at least 80 g/m ² , in particular at least 100 g/m 2 . m ² , preferably at least 150 g/m ² , preferably at least 200 g/m ² , particularly preferably at least 220 g/m ² .

In particular, the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, can have a basis weight, in particular determined according to DIN EN 12 127:1997, of at most 1,000 g/m ² , in particular at most 750 g/m ² , preferably at most 500 g/m ² , preferably at most 350 g/m ² , particularly preferably at most 305 g/m ² .

Consequently, the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, can have a basis weight, in particular determined according to DIN EN 12 127:1997, in the range from 80 g/m ² to 1,000 g/m ² , in particular in the range from 100 g/m ² to 750 g/m ² , preferably in the range from 150 g/m ² to 500 g/m ² , preferably in the range from 200 g/m ² to 350 g/m ² , particularly preferably in the range of 220 g/m ² to 305 g/m ² .

By setting or specifying a special basis weight, as explained above, the protective function is further optimized, in particular against the penetration or impact of splinters, while at the same time a high degree of flexibility or pliability of the surface material is guaranteed, which in particular improves the wearing comfort Benefits from use as protective clothing.

A further increase in stability can also be achieved within the scope of the present invention in that the planar material 1 has a special thickness. In the context of the present invention, it is particularly provided that the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has a thickness in the range from 0.1 mm to 50 mm, in particular 0.2 mm to 25 mm , preferably 0.3 mm to 15 mm, preferably 0.4 mm to 10 mm, particularly preferably 0.5 mm to 5 mm, very particularly preferably 0.6 mm to 2.5 mm.

In the context of the present invention, the setting of a special density of wales or rows of stitches in the planar material 1 is also of great importance:
It has thus proven to be advantageous according to the invention if the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has a number and/or density of wales (wales/cm) in the range from 2 to 25 wales/cm, in particular in the range from 4 to 20 wales/cm, preferably in the range from 5 to 17 wales/cm, preferably in the range from 6 to 15 wales/cm.

In addition, the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, can have a number and/or density of rows of stitches (rows of stitches/cm) in the range from 2 to 40 rows of stitches/cm, in particular in the range from 5 to 30 rows of stitches /cm, preferably in the range from 8 to 25, preferably in the range from 10 to 23 courses/cm.

By setting specific densities with regard to the wales and the rows of stitches of the textile planar material 1 according to the invention, the overall surface coverage of the material with the multifilament yarn 3 is further improved, which also leads to a further improvement in ballistic stability.

In addition, the surface material 1 described here is characterized in particular by the following properties:
The planar material 1 described here, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, can have a total extensibility (total elongation), in particular determined according to DIN 53835-14 (ie DIN 53835-14:1992-11) and/or determined in particular at 20 N, in the longitudinal and/or transverse direction, independently of one another, of at least 2%, in particular at least 5%, preferably at least 7%, preferably at least 10%, in particular based on the unstretched state of the planar material 1.

In addition, the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, can have a total extensibility (total elongation), in particular determined according to DIN 53835-14 and/or in particular determined at 20 N, in the longitudinal and/or transverse direction, independently from each other, of at most 50%, in particular at most 40%, preferably at most 35%, preferably at most 30%, in particular based on the unstretched state of the planar material 1.

In particular, the flat material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, can have a total extensibility (total elongation), in particular determined according to DIN 53835-14 and/or in particular determined at 20 N, in the longitudinal and/or transverse direction, independently from each other, in the range from 2% to 50%, in particular in the range from 5% to 40%, preferably in the range from 7% to 35%, preferably in the range from 10% to 30%, in particular based on the unstretched state of the planar material 1 , exhibit.

In addition, it can be provided that the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has a total extensibility (total elongation), in particular determined according to DIN 53835-14 and/or in particular determined at 20 N, in the longitudinal direction of at least 1%, in particular at least 1.5%, preferably at least 2%, in particular based on the unstretched state of the planar material 1.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has a total extensibility (total elongation), in particular determined according to DIN 53835-14 and/or in particular determined at 20 N, in the longitudinal direction of at most 10%, in particular at most 7%, preferably at most 5%, in particular based on the unstretched state of the planar material 1.

In particular, it can be provided that the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has a total extensibility (total elongation), in particular determined according to DIN 53835-14 and/or in particular determined at 20 N, in the longitudinal direction in the range from 1% to 10%, particularly in the range from 1.5% to 7%, preferably in the range from 2% to 5%, in particular based on the unstretched state of the sheet material 1.

In addition, it can also be provided that the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has a total extensibility (total elongation), in particular determined according to DIN 53835-14 and/or in particular determined at 20 N, in the transverse direction of at least 5%, in particular at least 10%, preferably at least 15%, in particular based on the unstretched state of the planar material 1.

Likewise, it can be provided that the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has a total extensibility (total elongation), in particular determined according to DIN 53835-14 and/or in particular determined at 20 N, in the transverse direction of at most 50%, in particular at most 40%, preferably at most 35%, in particular based on the unstretched state of the planar material 1.

According to the invention, it can also be provided that the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has a total extensibility (total elongation), in particular determined according to DIN 53835-14 and/or in particular determined at 20 N, in the transverse direction in Range from 5% to 50%, in particular in the range from 10% to 40%, preferably in the range from 15% to 35%, in particular based on the unstretched state of the sheet material 1.

As previously stated, the planar material described here has excellent protective properties with regard to providing appropriate protection against splintering, punctures and/or cuts, preferably protection against splintering. Against this background, the planar material 1 according to the invention has particularly excellent ballistic protection values, as listed below:
In the context of the present invention, the situation is in particular such that the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has a splinter and/or ballistic protection value V ₅₀ , determined in accordance with STANAG 2920, of at least 185 m/ s, in particular at least 200 m/s, preferably at least 230 m/s, preferably at least 275 m/s, particularly preferably at least 305 m/s, very particularly preferably at least 320 m/s, more preferably at least 325 m/s, even more preferably at least 330 m/s.

In this context, according to the invention, the flat material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has a splinter and/or ballistic protection value V ₅₀ , determined according to STANAG 2920, in a range of 185 m/ s to 900 m/s, in particular in a range from 200 m/s to 800 m/s, preferably in a range from 230 m/s to 700 m/s, preferably in a range from 275 m/s to 650 m/s s, particularly preferably in a range from 305 m/s to 600 m/s, very particularly preferably in a range from 320 m/s to 575 m/s, more preferably in a range from 325 m/s to 550 m/s , more preferably 330 m/s to 530 m/s.

The splinter and/or ballistic protection values V ₅₀ specified according to the invention, determined in accordance with STANAG 2920, relate in particular to a determination using projectiles in the form of RCCs with a projectile weight of 0.13 g or 2 grains (2 grain RCC) ( with RCC = Right Circular Cylinder ) . The ballistic protection values V ₅₀ specified according to STANAG 2920 are determined in particular at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C and in particular at a relative humidity of (65 ± 4)%, in particular with a basis weight of the planar material 1 of 240 g/m ² .

In this context, the high protective properties of the protective clothing unit according to the invention are guaranteed by the V ₅₀ value specified according to STANAG 2920 of at least 185 m/s. This value is already achieved in the case of a single-layer design of the planar material 1 or in the case of the single-layer planar material 1 as such, thus based on one layer.

The V ₅₀ value relates in particular to the speed (m/s) at which, using a defined projectile and selected (test) material, there is a probability of 0.5 ( with 1 equal to maximum probability) or 50%. For further explanations, reference can be made to the relevant standard in accordance with STANAG 2920.

According to the invention, there is overall high ballistic fragmentation protection, so that on this basis increased protection against fragments is provided, particularly with regard to unconventional explosive devices (both with regard to primary and secondary fragments).

Due to the excellent anti-splinter properties, when used as protective clothing, the risk of injury to a wearer is reduced, also with regard to a confrontation with an explosion of unconventional explosive devices. In particular, on the basis of the concept according to the invention, effective protection of physiologically relevant body sections, in particular also with regard to the artery or vein system, can be guaranteed. In addition, there is a correspondingly high protective function if the planar material 1 described here is used as protective equipment in relation to items, objects or pieces of equipment to be protected, such as military equipment or the like.

According to a preferred embodiment according to the invention, the planar material 1 described here, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, can be provided with a hydrophilic finish or have been subjected to hydrophilic treatment. In this context, the use of at least one hydrophilizing agent is particularly suitable.

According to the invention, it can thus be provided that the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, is treated or equipped or treated with at least one hydrophilizing agent.

In this context, the hydrophilization and/or the treatment and/or finishing and/or application of the hydrophilic agent can be used for the purposes of (i) improving and/or increasing moisture absorption and/or moisture transport and/or (ii) improving and/or or reducing static electricity and/or improving and/or Increasing the dissipation of static electricity in particular from friction and/or (iii) improving and/or reducing soiling and/or soiling and/or (iv) improving and/or increasing soil removal, particularly during washing and/or cleaning , have been carried out.

Due to the special hydrophilic treatment, for example, the wearing comfort can be improved in the case of use as protective clothing, since moisture originating from a wearer can be better absorbed or dissipated. In addition, the prevention or reduction of (electro)static charging is of great importance, also with regard to the protection of electronic devices, for example, which are operated by a wearer of underlying protective clothing or which, in the case of use as protective equipment, by the surface material be protected or covered. On the basis of the targeted and purposeful hydrophilic treatment, the material properties of the planar material 1 according to the invention can thus be further adjusted or also specially adjusted or tailored prior to the respective application or intended use. In addition, the hydrophilization leads to better washing behavior, in particular a higher washing resistance, so that the ballistic stability of the material can also be maintained over longer (demand) periods for this reason and in particular in synergistic interaction with the use of special multifilament yarns 3 based on UHMW-PE .

In general, the hydrophilizing agent can be selected from hydrophilizing agents which (i) improve and/or increase moisture absorption and/or moisture transport and/or (ii) improve and/or reduce static charging and/or improve and /or increasing the dissipation of static charge, in particular caused by friction, and/or (iii) improving and/or reducing build-up and/or soiling and/or (iv) improving and/or increasing soil removal, particularly during washing and/or cleaning, in particular in relation to the surface material 1. According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, in particular as a result of the hydrophilic treatment and/or the treatment and/or finishing and/or exposure to the hydrophilic treatment agent and/or in particular in Compared to a corresponding surface material without hydrophilic treatment and/or without treatment and/or without finishing and/or without being treated with the hydrophilic treatment agent, (i) improved and/or increased moisture absorption and/or improved and/or increased moisture transport and/or ( ii) reduced static charging and/or improved and/or increased dissipation of static charging, in particular caused by friction, and/or (iii) reduced build-up and/or soiling and/or (iv) improved and/or increased soil removal , especially when washing and/or cleaning.

In particular, the hydrophilizing agent can be selected from the group of (i) polymers based on at least one unsaturated carboxylic acid, in particular polymers based on at least one unsaturated C ₃ -C ₆ -carboxylic acid, preferably polyacrylic acid, (ii) copolymers of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and Comonomers, in particular alkyl acrylates and/or methacrylates, (iii) alkoxylation products, in particular ethoxylation products (oxyethylation products), of polymers and/or of alkylphenol derivatives, in particular of polymers, (iv) modified fluoropolymers, in particular in the form of block (co)polymers with hydrophilic sections and/or areas on the one hand and with hydrophobic sections and/or areas on the other hand, preferably with hydrophilic blocks and hydrophobic blocks, and (v) mixtures or combinations thereof. The person skilled in the art is always able to select and use the special hydrophilizing agents against the background of the formation of special properties. For example, hydrophilizing agents in the form of acrylic acid-n-butyl acrylate copolymers or poly[N-methylperfluorooctanylsulfonamidoethyl acrylate] can be used.

In general, it can behave in the context of the present invention in such a way that the hydrophilization or the treatment or equipment or exposure to the hydrophilizing agent by attachment and / or application and / or generation of hydrophilic chemical groups and / or a hydrophilic Coating (film), in particular on the surface of the planar material 1 and/or the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 and/or the UHMW-PE single filaments 4, has taken place. The hydrophilicizing agents mentioned above can be used for this purpose. In general, hydrophilic treatment can thus be carried out on the finished material in the form of the textile planar material 1 according to the invention, for example before any further processing or any cutting, for example to or for protective clothing or protective equipment. In addition, the hydrophilic treatment or treatment or finishing or treatment with the hydrophilic agent can in principle also be carried out on the resulting protective clothing or protective equipment as such.

For more details on hydrophilic treatment, go to Rouette, Lexicon for Textile Finishing, Volume 1, 1995, Laumann-Verlag, Dülmen, pages 859-862 , keyword: "Hydrophilicity" and "Hydrophilicity of textiles".

In this context, the hydrophilicity of the planar material 1 described here can thus be set or tailored in a targeted or purposeful manner. In the context of the present invention, it can in particular behave in such a way that the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has a hydrophilicity, determined according to the TEGEWA test, of at most 5 seconds, in particular at most 4 seconds. preferably at most 3 seconds, preferably at most 2 seconds, particularly preferably at most 1 second. The planar material 1 according to the invention can thus have hydrophilic properties overall. The TEGEWA test is used to determine the wettability of the underlying material; In particular, the procedure is such that a corresponding test solution is dropped onto the material to be tested and the penetration or sinking behavior of the drop applied is determined. The sinking time determined represents a measure of the wettability of the material.

As mentioned above, the planar material 1 described here, in addition to excellent splinter protection, also has correspondingly good puncture and cut protection properties: According to the invention, planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has a cut and/or puncture resistance, in particular according to DIN EN 388 (ie DIN EN 388:2019-03) (Section 6.3) and/or according to EN ISO 13997, of at least 1 Newton, in particular at least 2 Newton, preferably at least 2.5 Newton, preferably at least 2.9 Newton , having.

Furthermore, the planar material 1 described here, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, can have a tear strength, in particular in accordance with DIN EN 388, of at least 11 Newtons, in particular at least 13 Newtons, preferably at least 15 Newtons.

• Insbesondere kann das Flächenmaterial 1, insbesondere in Form einer textilen Maschenware, vorzugsweise in Form eines Gestrickes, insbesondere bestimmt gemäß DIN EN ISO 12947-2 (d.h. DIN EN ISO 12947-2:2017-03) und/oder insbesondere bestimmt bei 12 kPa, eine Scheuerbeständigkeit von mindestens 100.000 Touren, insbesondere mindestens 125.000 Touren, vorzugsweise mindestens 150.000 Touren, aufweisen.
• Zudem kann das Flächenmaterial 1, insbesondere in Form einer textilen Maschenware, vorzugsweise in Form eines Gestrickes, insbesondere bestimmt gemäß DIN EN ISO 12947-2 und/oder insbesondere bestimmt bei 12 kPa, eine Scheuerbeständigkeit von höchstens 1.000.000 Touren, insbesondere höchstens 800.000 Touren, vorzugsweise höchstens 500.000 Touren, aufweisen.
• Schließlich kann das Flächenmaterial 1, insbesondere in Form einer textilen Maschenware, vorzugsweise in Form eines Gestrickes, insbesondere bestimmt gemäß DIN EN ISO 12947-2 und/oder insbesondere bestimmt bei 12 kPa, eine Scheuerbeständigkeit im Bereich von 100.000 Touren bis 1.000.000 Touren, insbesondere im Bereich von 125.000 Touren bis 800.000 Touren, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 150.000 Touren bis 500.000 Touren, aufweisen.

In addition, the textile planar material 1 described here can also have the following properties:

• In particular, the flat material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, determined in particular according to DIN EN ISO 12947-2 (ie DIN EN ISO 12947-2:2017-03) and/or determined in particular at 12 kPa, have an abrasion resistance of at least 100,000 tours, in particular at least 125,000 tours, preferably at least 150,000 tours.
• In addition, the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 12947-2 and/or in particular determined at 12 kPa, can have an abrasion resistance of at most 1,000,000 turns, in particular at most 800,000 turns , preferably at most 500,000 revs.
• Finally, the flat material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 12947-2 and/or in particular determined at 12 kPa, can have an abrasion resistance in the range from 100,000 turns to 1,000,000 turns. in particular in the range from 125,000 rpm to 800,000 rpm, preferably in the range from 150,000 rpm to 500,000 rpm.

Furthermore, the planar material 1 described here, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, can be gas-permeable, preferably air-permeable. This increases the wearing comfort when used as protective clothing, for example. In addition, when used as protective equipment, for example, the formation of condensate or the like is avoided or reduced, so that devices or objects to be protected are not unnecessarily exposed to excessive moisture.

In this context, the flat material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, can have gas permeability, preferably air permeability, determined in particular according to DIN EN ISO 9237 (ie DIN EN ISO 9237:1995-12) and/or determined in particular at 100 Pa, of at least 100 l/m ² s, in particular at least 300 l/m ² s, preferably at least 500 l/m ² s, preferably at least 800 l/m ² s, particularly preferably at least 1000 l/s m ² .s, very particularly preferably at least 1100 l/m ² .s.

In particular, the flat material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, can have gas permeability, preferably air permeability, determined in particular according to DIN EN ISO 9237 and/or determined in particular at 100 Pa, in the range of 100 l/m ² s to 5000 l/m ² s, in particular in the range from 300 l/m ² s to 4000 l/m ² s, preferably in the range from 500 l/m ² s to 3500 l/m ² s, preferably in the range from 800 l/m ² s to 3000 l/m ² s, particularly preferably in the range from 1000 l/m ² s to 2500 l/m ² s, very particularly preferably in the range from 1100 l/s m ² .s to 2000 l/m ² .s.

In addition, it can be provided according to the invention that the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, is designed to be water vapor permeable.

In particular, the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, can have a water vapor transmission resistance R _et under stationary conditions, in particular determined according to ISO 11092, of at most 18 (m ² Pascal)/watt, in particular at most 14 (m ² .pascal)/watt, preferably at most 9 (m ² .pascal)/watt, more preferably at most 4 (m ² .pascal)/watt.

This ensures a particularly high level of comfort, since body sweat can be effectively transported away.

The water vapor transmission resistance R _et can be measured in particular according to DIN EN 31 092:1993 or the international standard ISO 11092 of February 1994 ("Textiles - physiological effects, measurement of heat and water vapor transmission resistance under stationary conditions ( sweating guarded hotplate test )") become.

Finally, the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, after washing treatment, can have a dimensional change in the longitudinal and/or transverse direction, independently of one another, of at most 15%, in particular at most 12%, preferably at most 10% at most 8%, in particular based on the untreated state of the sheet material 1.

In this context, the relevant properties can be determined in particular according to DIN EN ISO 5077:2008. In particular, a washing treatment, in particular according to DIN EN ISO 6330:2013, washing method 6N, washing machine type A1, in particular using soft water and in particular about 20 g ECE detergent (without bleach and without perborates), drying method A, can be carried out in this regard.

Within the scope of the present invention, it can be provided that the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, is combined and/or brought together, in particular connected, with at least one in particular planar textile material.

In this context, the flat textile material can have different functional properties than the flat material 1 . For example, the flat textile material can have a further elasticity, in particular, in this regard, for example, use in protective clothing can be considered comes, wherein the textile material is positioned in the wearing state at such places, which are associated with a high body movement, such as joints or the like.

According to the invention it can be provided that the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, and the textile material are arranged in a common plane or form a common plane or form a preferably closed plane. In this context, the planar material 1 can form a common base plane or base area with the planar textile material, for example with regard to the presence of protective clothing or protective equipment.

In general, the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, and the textile material can be connected to one another at the edges, preferably by means of sewing and/or knitting, welding, gluing or the like, preferably by means of sewing and/or knitting . In this regard, there can also be an arrangement overlapping the edges with a corresponding attachment or connection.

In this respect, too, according to the invention, it is particularly the case that, according to a preferred embodiment, no zippers or staples or the like are used for the underlying connection (so that the formation of secondary splinters from such materials is prevented).

According to a further embodiment according to the invention, it can also be provided that the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, and the textile material are arranged in different planes or one above the other or one on top of the other. For example, it can be provided that in the case of protective clothing the planar material 1 is assigned to the wearer when it is being worn, while the textile material is arranged on the side of the planar material 1 which is remote from the wearer when it is being worn. In this context, provision can be made, for example, for the textile material to be provided with camouflage or camouflage.

According to this embodiment, it can be provided that the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, and the textile material are arranged loosely towards or on top of one another. In contrast, however, it can also be provided that the planar material 1 and the textile material are connected to one another, preferably connected to one another at the edges, preferably by means of sewing and/or knitting, welding, gluing or the like, preferably by means of sewing and/or knitting.

Also according to this embodiment, the situation is in particular such that the connection does not take place by means of zip fasteners or not by means of stapling or the like.

As far as the textile material used with the planar material 1 is concerned, it can be provided according to the invention that the textile material is designed to be gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and/or water-vapor-permeable.

In particular, it can be provided according to the invention that the textile material is a knitted fabric, in particular a knitted or crocheted fabric; Tissue; Scrim or non-woven fabric, in particular as a knitted fabric or fabric, is formed.

In general, the textile material can have a basis weight in the range from 60 g/m ² to 750 g/m ² , in particular in the range from 70 g/m ² to 525 g/m ² , preferably in the range from 80 g/m ² to 325 g /m ² , preferably in the range from 90 g/m ² to 275 g/m ² .

Furthermore, the textile material can have at least one type of yarn, twine, thread and/or fiber selected from the group of natural materials and synthetic materials, preferably selected from the group of cotton; Wool; Linen; polyesters; polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride; polyvinylidene chloride; acetates, especially cellulose acetates; triacetates, especially cellulose triacetates; polyacrylic; Polyamide; polyvinyl alcohol; polyurethanes; polyvinyl esters; Viscose; and mixtures or combinations thereof.

In addition, it can basically also be provided according to the invention that the textile material—in particular in contrast to the planar material 1—has at least essentially no components, in particular no yarns and/or fibers and/or threads and/or threads, based on UHMW-PE.

In general, the textile material can be fire-resistant and/or flame-resistant.

In this context, the textile material can have at least one fire-resistant and/or flame-resistant material, in particular in the form of or as part of a yarn and/or twine and/or thread. In this context, the fire-resistant or flame-resistant material can be at least one aramid, in particular meta-aramid. In addition, the textile material can contain the fire-resistant and/or flame-resistant material in an amount in the range from 1% to 100% by weight, in particular from 2% to 95% by weight, preferably from 5% to 90% by weight % by weight, preferably 10% by weight to 85% by weight, based on the textile material.

Likewise, provision can be made for the textile material to be antistatic. In general, the textile material can have at least one antistatic material, in particular in the form of or as part of a yarn and/or twine and/or thread.

In addition, the textile material can be designed to be elastic or reversibly stretchable. In this context, the textile material can have at least one elastically or reversibly stretchable material, in particular in the form of or as part of a yarn and/or twine and/or thread, in particular based on a synthetic polymer material, preferably based on a block copolymer with the components polyurethane and polyethylene glycol.

In addition, the textile material can contain the elastically or reversibly stretchable material in an amount in the range from 1 to 25% by weight, in particular 2 to 20% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight, based on the textile material.

In addition, it can also be provided according to the invention that the textile material is provided with a hydrophilic finish or has been subjected to hydrophilic treatment. Corresponding hydrophilizing agents can be used in this regard. In this regard, to avoid unnecessary repetitions, reference is made to the above explanations regarding the hydrophilic treatment of the planar material 1 that may be provided, with the relevant explanations correspondingly applying to the further textile material.

In addition, cellulose-based components, in particular in the form of yarns and/or threads and/or threads, such as ^Lenzing® FR, can also be used for the textile material, which provides (additional) fire protection. In addition, materials, in particular in the form of yarns and/or threads and/or threads, with elastic or reversibly stretchable properties can be used, for example materials based on elastane, such as ^Lycra® . In addition, materials based on Spandex ^® can be used.

According to the invention, it can also be provided that the planar material 1, in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, and/or the textile material is additionally coated with an adsorbent that adsorbs chemical poisons and/or warfare agents, in particular a material based on of activated charcoal, preferably in the form of activated charcoal particles in granular form ("grain charcoal") or spherical form ("spherical charcoal"), acted upon or equipped. In this context, the adsorbent can be fixed to the planar material 1 and/or the textile material by means of an adhesive that is applied in particular discontinuously, preferably in a punctiform manner. On this basis, the flat material 1 or the textile material can be additionally equipped with adsorptive properties in a targeted or purposeful manner, so that the flat material 1 according to the invention has a further protective function against chemical poisons or warfare agents in this respect.

In this context, the mean diameter of the adsorbent particles, in particular the activated carbon particles, can be 0.01 to 2 mm, preferably 0.05 to 1 mm, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mm. The corresponding particle sizes can be determined in particular on the basis of the method according to ASTM D2862-97/04. In addition, the aforementioned particle sizes can be determined using determination methods based on a sieve analysis based on X-ray diffraction, laser diffractometry or the like. The respective determination methods are dem Well-known as such in the art, so that no further explanations are required in this regard.

Furthermore, the adsorbent particles, in particular the activated carbon particles, can be used in an amount in the range from 40 to 250 g/m ² , in particular 50 to 180 g/m ² , preferably 55 to 130 g/m ² .

In general, the activated carbon can be obtainable by carbonization and subsequent activation of a synthetic or non-natural substance-based starting material, in particular based on organic polymers.

In particular, the activated carbon can be obtained from a starting material based on organic polymers, in particular based on sulfonated organic polymers, preferably based on divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene, preferably based on styrene/divinylbenzene copolymers, in particular by carbonization and subsequent activation of the starting material. In this connection, the content of divinylbenzene in the starting material can range from 1% to 20% by weight, in particular from 1% to 15% by weight, preferably from 1.5% to 12% by weight. 5% by weight, preferably 2% by weight to 10% by weight, based on the starting material.

Furthermore, the starting material can be, in particular, a sulfonated ion exchange resin and/or an ion exchange resin containing sulfonic acid groups, in particular of the gel type.

In particular, it can be provided according to the invention that a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC; Polymer - based Spherical Activated Carbon ) is used as the activated carbon . In particular, the activated carbon can thus be a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC).

The activated carbon used can in principle be obtained by known methods of the prior art: in particular, spherical sulfonated organic polymers, in particular based on divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene, are carbonized for this purpose and then activated to form the activated carbon in question, in particular as mentioned above. For further details in this regard, reference can be made, for example, to the publications DE 43 28 219 A1 , DE 43 04 026 A1 , DE 196 00 237 A1 as well as EP 1 918 022 A1 or to the parallel belonging to the same patent family U.S. 7,737,038 B2 are referred to, the respective content of which is hereby included in its entirety by reference.

Activated carbons used in the context of the present invention are generally commercially available or commercially available. In particular, activated carbons can be used, which are sold, for example, by Blücher GmbH, Erkrath, Germany.

Consequently, a flat material 1 as described here can be provided overall, which is provided with multiple protection, namely protection against splinters, punctures or cuts on the one hand and protection against chemical poisons or warfare agents on the other.

According to the invention, provision is made in particular for the planar material 1, possibly together with the textile material, to be a component of a protective object in the form of protective clothing or to form it.

In this context, it can be provided, for example, that the planar material 1 is positioned or arranged in the area of a body region of a wearer of the protective clothing that is to be protected when it is used in protective clothing when it is being worn.

As a result, according to this aspect of the present invention, the present invention also relates to a protective object in the form of protective clothing with splinter, puncture and/or cut protection properties, preferably with splinter protection properties, in particular for the military and/or civil sector.
wherein the protected object comprises or consists of at least one textile sheet material 1, as defined above.

• wobei der Schutzgegenstand mindestens ein textiles Flächenmaterial 1 mit Splitter- , Stich- und/oder Schnittschutzeigenschaften umfasst oder hieraus besteht,
• wobei das Flächenmaterial mindestens ein das textile Flächenmaterial 1 ausbildendes Garnsystem 2, insbesondere Multifilamentgarnsystem, aufweist oder hieraus besteht,
• wobei das Garnsystem 2 aus mindestens einem UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn 3 besteht oder hieraus gebildet ist,
• wobei das UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn 3 aus einer Vielzahl an zumindest im Wesentlichen gleichen und/oder zueinander zumindest im Wesentlichen identischen UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamenten 4 besteht oder hieraus gebildet ist, wobei die UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamente 4 zur Ausbildung des UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarns 3 zusammengedreht und/oder gezwirnt (verzwirnt) sind, vorzugsweise mittels Verdrehen (Zusammendrehen) der UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamente 4 untereinander,
• wobei das UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn 3 aus 5 bis 500 UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamenten 4 besteht oder hieraus gebildet wird und wobei die UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamente 4 jeweils einen Titer im Bereich von 0,2 dtex bis 30 dtex aufweisen,
• wobei das UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn 3 in Z-Richtung oder in S-Richtung eine Garndrehung im Bereich von 60 T/m bis 140 T/m aufweist und
• wobei das UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn 3 einen Titer (Feinheit, Garnfeinheit) von mindestens 150 dtex aufweist.

According to this aspect of the present invention, the present invention ultimately relates to a protective article in the form of protective clothing with splinter, puncture and/or cut protection properties, preferably with splinter protection properties for the military and/or civil sector, in particular as defined above,

• wherein the protected object comprises or consists of at least one textile sheet material 1 with splinter, puncture and/or cut protection properties,
• wherein the planar material comprises or consists of at least one yarn system 2 forming the textile planar material 1, in particular a multifilament yarn system,
• wherein the yarn system 2 consists of or is formed from at least one UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3,
• wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 consists of a plurality of at least substantially identical and/or at least substantially identical UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 or is formed therefrom, wherein the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 form the UHMW-PE - Multifilament yarn 3 are twisted together and/or twisted (twisted), preferably by twisting (twisting) the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 together,
• wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 consists of 5 to 500 UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 or is formed therefrom and wherein the UHMW-PE individual filaments 4 each have a titer in the range from 0.2 dtex to 30 dtex,
• wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 has a yarn twist in the range of 60 T/m to 140 T/m in the Z direction or in the S direction and
• wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn 3 has a linear density (fineness, yarn fineness) of at least 150 dtex.

With regard to the subject of protection according to the invention, the situation is thus in particular such that the relevant planar material 1 is configured as previously defined.

In particular, it can be provided according to the invention that the planar material 1 is arranged in areas and/or sections of the protected object or that the protected item is formed by the planar material 1 in areas and/or sections.

According to the invention, it can equally be provided that the planar material 1 is arranged in a single layer in the protected object, in particular at least in sections and/or areas or in particular over the entire surface. In this regard, the planar material 1, so to speak, can form the base area of the protected object at least in regions or sections.

In addition, it can also be provided according to the invention that the planar material 1 is arranged in the protected object, in particular at least in sections and/or areas or in particular over the entire surface, in multiple layers, preferably in two layers, three layers, four layers or more. It can be provided according to the invention in particular that the individual layers are formed by a respective or separate sheet material 1 . In principle, z. For example, an eight-layer or sixteen-layer arrangement can also be considered. As a result, the protective function can be increased in a targeted manner, at least in certain areas or sections. In this context, a four-layer arrangement has proven to be particularly advantageous since, with a simultaneously increased protective function, there are still outstanding values with regard to the bending or flexibility properties, which is of considerable importance, for example, for the wearing comfort.

In general, with regard to the arrangement of the planar material 1, as the number of layers of the planar material 1 increases, the relevant ballistic protection values V ₅₀ according to STANAG 2920 for the respective multi-layer arrangement are correspondingly increased compared to the single-layer arrangement.

The corresponding layers can z. B. be an integral part of the protective clothing. As explained below, however, a removable or detachable arrangement, in particular of multi-layer splinter protection elements, can also be considered in relation to the protected object according to the invention.

Furthermore, according to the invention, it can also be such that the protected object according to the invention also has a particularly flat textile material, in particular as defined above, in addition to or in combination with the flat material 1 specified according to the invention.

In this regard, reference can also be made to the above statements on the textile material that may be used in relation to the planar material 1, with the relevant statements applying accordingly.

In particular, the textile material can be a knitted fabric, in particular a knitted or crocheted fabric; Tissue; Non-crimp fabric or non-woven fabric, in particular as knitted fabric or fabric, be formed, in particular as mentioned above.

According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the planar material 1 is combined or brought together, in particular connected, with the textile material, in particular as mentioned above.

It can be provided according to the invention in particular that the planar material 1 and the textile material are arranged in a common plane and/or form a common plane and/or form a preferably closed plane, in particular as mentioned above.

In particular, it can be provided according to the invention that the planar material 1 and the textile material are connected to one another at the edges, preferably by means of sewing, welding, gluing or the like, preferably by means of sewing and/or knitting, in particular as mentioned above. In this regard, according to an embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the connection does not take place, for example, by means of a zipper or, for example, by means of staples.

In addition, it can also be provided that, in relation to the subject of protection according to the invention, the planar material 1 and the textile material are arranged in different planes and/or one above the other and/or lying one on top of the other, in particular as mentioned above.

In this regard, it can be provided that the planar material 1 and the textile material are arranged loosely to one another or are connected to one another, preferably connected to one another at the edges, preferably by means of sewing, welding, gluing or the like, preferably by means of sewing. In this regard, according to an embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the connection does not take place, for example, by means of a zip fastener or, for example, by means of staples, in particular as mentioned above, since this particularly prevents the formation of secondary splinters from the protected object itself.

In particular, the textile material can be gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and/or water vapor-permeable, in particular as mentioned above.

Equally, the textile material can be a knitted fabric, in particular a knitted or crocheted fabric; Tissue; Non-crimp fabric or non-woven fabric, in particular as knitted fabric or fabric, be formed, in particular as mentioned above
In addition, it can be provided that the protective object and/or the flat material 1, in particular as mentioned above, and/or the textile material, in particular as mentioned above, is additionally coated with an adsorbent that adsorbs chemical poisons and/or warfare agents, in particular a material based on activated charcoal, preferably in the form of activated charcoal particles in granular form ("grain charcoal") or spherical form ("spherical charcoal"), is applied and/or equipped, in particular with the adsorbent being attached to the protected object by means of an adhesive, in particular discontinuously, preferably in spots, and/or is fixed to the planar material 1 and/or the textile material.

In general, the object of protection can be designed as protective clothing, in particular in the form of a protective suit; protective pants, in particular protective underpants or protective overpants; a protective shirt, in particular a protective undershirt or protective overshirt; a protective vest; a protective glove; a protective footwear; a protective sock; a protective headgear or the like.

In general, the protective object can be designed as protective clothing in the form of undergarments (underwear) and/or outer clothing (undergarments). In general, the protective clothing can be designed as a piece of clothing for people.

In this context, it can behave according to the invention in such a way that the planar material 1 when worn extends over the area of the thigh, in particular the front, inner and/or rear thigh, preferably the front and/or inner thigh; the loin the genitals; the anal and/or perineal region; of the lower leg, in particular the front, inner and/or rear lower leg, preferably the front and/or inner lower leg; of the knee and/or behind the knee; the lower abdomen and/or the bladder and urinary tract; the lower back and/or renal pelvis; the torso, in particular the lateral and/or rear torso; the upper and/or forearm; the crook and/or elbow; the shoulder; of the neck; the lower part of the face in particular; the hand, especially the back of the hand; and/or the wrist and/or the aforementioned areas are at least partially covered when the protective clothing is worn and/or is arranged in the aforementioned areas when the protective clothing is worn. In this way, targeted protection of specific body regions or sections can be provided.

According to the invention, it can be provided, in particular to ensure further and in particular sectionally or regionally supplementary protection, that the protected object has at least one splinter protection element, in particular for the formation and/or provision of a complementary and/or supplementary and/or individually adaptable splinter, stab, and/or cut protection, preferably splinter protection.

In this regard, the splinter protection element can comprise at least one sheet material 1 or be formed from it.

In general, the planar material 1 can be arranged in a single layer in the splinter protection element, in particular at least in sections and/or regions or in particular over the entire surface. In addition, the planar material 1 can be arranged in the splinter protection element, in particular at least in sections and/or regions or in particular over the entire surface, in multiple layers, preferably in two, three, four, eight, sixteen or more, preferably four layers. The individual layers can be formed from a respective and/or separate sheet material 1 . In general, an eight-layer or sixteen-layer design of the splinter protection element is also possible.

In general, the splinter protection element can be detachably or removably or detachably connected to the protected object. In this context, the splinter protection element can be introduced into a receiving device, in particular a receiving pocket, of the protected object. In general, it can also be provided within the scope of the present invention in this context that the splinter protection elements are in the wearing state of the Protected object each extend over different body areas or sections of the wearer assigned to the respective splinter protection elements or respectively at least partially cover the corresponding areas of the wearer. Correspondingly, the splinter protection elements can extend over certain areas or in sections over an object to be protected within the scope of their use with regard to protective equipment.

On the basis of the concept according to the invention, the use of special splinter protection elements, which may be provided and which, for example, are assigned specifically with regard to defined body areas or regions or defined areas of an object or object to be protected, can thus provide a protection both with regard to the wearer or The object as well as an underlying risk potential tunable or adaptable and supplementary splinter protection are provided.

The subject of the present invention is also the use of a planar material 1, as defined in claim 1, to provide or increase splinter, puncture and/or cut protection for protective objects in the form of protective clothing, preferably for the military and/or civil sector.

Also described here is the method for providing or increasing splinter, puncture and/or cut protection, preferably splinter protection, for protective objects, in particular protective clothing and/or protective equipment, preferably for the military and/or civilian sector, with at least one sheet material 1, as defined above, is used to form and/or produce the planar material 1 and/or is integrated into the planar material 1.

The present invention is illustrated by the following exemplary embodiments, which, however, are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.

EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS: A) Ballistic protective effect of various textile surface materials

In the present case, the ballistic protective effect (ballistic holding capacity) or the splinter protection for various textile sheet materials is determined.

For this purpose, the ballistic protective effect of the surface materials is determined in the form of the respective ballistic protection values V ₅₀ , measured according to STANAG 2920 (RCC 0.13 g, with RCC= right circular cylinder ). Higher V ₅₀ values mean a better ballistic protective function or holding capacity of the splinter protection elements examined. The ballistic protection values specified below relate to a single-layer arrangement of the surface material or to the surface material as such.

The respective textile sheet materials are available as knitted goods in the form of a knitted fabric. In addition, the respective textile planar materials are based on the use of a yarn in the form of a UHMW-PE multifilament yarn, which has a corresponding number of UHMW-PE individual filaments.

1. a) Zunächst wird ein erfindungsgemäß verwendbares textiles Flächenmaterial A untersucht. Hierbei handelt es sich um ein Flächenmaterial, bei welchem ein UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn eingesetzt wird, welches aus 100 UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamenten gebildet ist. Die als Endlosfasern ausgebildeten UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamente sind zueinander zumindest im Wesentlichen identisch, sind zumindest im Wesentlichen vollständig aus UHMW-PE gebildet und weisen einen Titer (Feinheit) von jeweils 2 dtex auf. Die UHMW-PE-Einzelfilamente sind zur Ausbildung des UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarns zusammengedreht. Das resultierende UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn ist dabei in Z-Richtung gedreht, und zwar mit einer Garn- bzw. Fadendrehung von etwa 80 T/m. Das UHMW-PE-Multifilamentgarn weist zudem einen Titer (Feinheit, Garnfeinheit) von etwa 220 dtex, einen Durchmesser von etwa 175 µm, eine feinheitsbezogene Höchstzugkraft von etwa 340 cN/tex und eine Höchstzugkraftdehnung von etwa 3,5 % auf.

Regarding the respective surface materials in detail:

1. a) First, a textile planar material A that can be used according to the invention is examined. This is a flat material in which a UHMW-PE multifilament yarn is used, which is formed from 100 UHMW-PE individual filaments. The UHMW-PE individual filaments designed as endless fibers are at least essentially identical to one another, are formed at least essentially entirely from UHMW-PE and each have a titer (fineness) of 2 dtex. The UHMW-PE single filaments are twisted together to form the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn. The resulting UHMW-PE multifilament yarn is twisted in the Z-direction with a twist of around 80 T/m. The UHMW-PE multifilament yarn also has a titre (fineness, yarn fineness) of around 220 dtex, a diameter of around 175 µm, a tenacity-related maximum tensile strength of around 340 cN/tex and an elongation at maximum tensile strength of around 3.5%.

The resulting textile planar material that can be used according to the invention has a weight per unit area of about 250 g/m ² and a thickness of about 1.5 mm. Furthermore, the planar material has a stitch count or mesh density of about 9 wales/cm and about 20 rows of stitches/cm. In addition, the planar material has a total stretchability of approximately 20% in the longitudinal and/or transverse direction.

The surface material A has a ballistic protection value V ₅₀ of > 390 m/s, as also shown in Table 1 below: <b>Table 1</b> material Ballistic protection value V ₅₀ Surface Material A > 390m/s

The table shows that the planar material A according to the invention has a very high ballistic protection value V ₅₀ .

b) Furthermore, textile fabrics B1 to B5 are examined, which are structured in the style of the aforementioned fabric A, but with the proviso that the twist of the yarn or thread is varied in the fabrics B1 to B5, as shown in the table below 2 listed. Table 2 also summarizes the determined ballistic protection values V ₅₀ : <b>Table 2</b> material Yarn or thread twist Ballistic protection value V ₅₀ Surface material B1 55 T/m > 250m/s Surface material B2 60 T/m > 310m/s Surface material B3 120 T/m > 370m/s Surface material B4 140 T/m > 360m/s Surface material B5 150 T/m > 280m/s

The table shows that, compared to the sheet material A that can be used according to the invention (about 80 T/m), there are lower ballistic protection values V ₅₀ for the sheet materials B1 to B5, with high values overall still being achieved for the sheet materials B2 to B4 that can be used according to the invention, while the related values for the surface materials B1 and B5 are lower.

Without wanting to refer to or limit yourself to this theory, the drop in the ballistic protection value V ₅₀ for the surface materials B3 to B5 can possibly be attributed to the fact that greater twisting of the yarn or thread results in reduced freedom of movement and/or no optimal interaction of the UHMW-PE -Individual filaments in the multifilament yarn results, so that the entry and in particular the dissipation or distribution of kinetic energy within the yarn is less optimal.

c) In addition, textile planar materials C1 to C5 are examined, which are structured on the basis of the aforementioned planar material A, but with the proviso that in the planar materials C1 to C5 the number of UHMW-PE individual filaments forming the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn is varied as shown in Table 3 below. Table 3 also summarizes the determined ballistic protection values V ₅₀ : <b>Table 3</b> material number of individual filaments Ballistic protection value V ₅₀ Face material C1 5 > 130m/s Face material C2 20 > 190m/s Surface material C3 50 > 300m/s Surface material C4 450 > 380m/s Surface material C5 650 > 310m/s

The table shows that in comparison to the planar material A that can be used according to the invention (with 100 individual filaments), there are lower ballistic protection values V ₅₀ for the planar materials C1 to C5. In particular, planar material C1 (cannot be used according to the invention) has a relatively low ballistic protection value V ₅₀ . In addition, there is also a certain drop in the ballistic protection value V ₅₀ especially for flat material C5 (cannot be used according to the invention), with the production of the material also being more difficult, especially for flat material C5, which is also the case to a lesser extent with flat material C4. In contrast, the surface materials C2 to C5 still have relatively high ballistic protection values V ₅₀ .

Without wishing to be limited to this theory, the decrease in the ballistic protection value V ₅₀ for the C5 surface material (and the stagnation or the only slight decrease for the C4 surface material) can be attributed to the fact that due to the large or increasing number of UHMW -PE individual filaments in the yarn only have limited freedom of movement and/or no optimal interaction of the individual filaments, so that the entry and in particular the dissipation or distribution of kinetic energy within the yarn is impaired or at least not further optimized. In addition - equally without wanting to be limited to this theory - the deteriorated processability of the respective multifilament yarns to form the sheet material, as is the case in particular for the sheet material C5 and also to a lesser extent for the sheet material C4, with a sometimes lower pliability or flexibility of the respective underlying multifilament yarns.

d) Textile planar materials D1 to D4 that can be used according to the invention are also being examined, which are structured in the style of the aforementioned planar material A, but with the proviso that in the planar materials D1 to D4 the titer (fineness) of the UHMW -PE individual filaments is varied, as listed in Table 4 below (which consequently also involves a corresponding variation in the titer of the multifilament yarn as such). Table 4 also summarizes the determined ballistic protection values V ₅₀ : <b>Table 4</b> material Denier single filament Ballistic protection value V ₅₀ Surface material D1 0.2 dtex > 170m/s Surface material D2 0.5 dtex > 260m/s Surface material D3 10 dtex > 380m/s Surface material D4 20 dtex > 370m/s

The table makes it clear that in comparison to the planar material A that can be used according to the invention (with the titer of the individual filaments of 2 dtex each), the planar materials D1 to D4 have lower ballistic protection values V ₅₀ . Although the surface materials D3 and D4 have high ballistic protection values V ₅₀ , they are compared to surface material A no further increase to be seen. In addition, the processability of the multifilaments to form the planar material is somewhat poorer, particularly with regard to the planar material D4, possibly due to reduced pliability or flexibility of the resulting multifilament yarn.

e) Furthermore, a textile sheet material E that can be used according to the invention is examined, which is based on sheet material A (but which has no additional binding elements or no floats), but with the proviso that the sheet material E also has special binding elements in the form of floats. The binding elements in the form of floats lead to a further increase in the stability properties. The textile planar material E has a ballistic protection value V ₅₀ of > 430 m/s, as also shown in Table 5 below: <b><u>Table 5</u></b> material Ballistic protection value V ₅₀ Surface material E (with floats) > 430m/s

The table thus shows that the planar material E according to the invention has an even better ballistic protection value V ₅₀ .

f) Furthermore, a textile sheet material F that can be used according to the invention is examined, which is based on sheet material A (which, however, has no additional binding elements or no handles), but with the proviso that the sheet material F also has special binding elements in the form of handles. The binding elements in the form of handles lead to a further increase in the stability properties. The textile planar material F has a ballistic protection value V ₅₀ of > 420 m/s, as also shown in Table 6 below: <b>Table 6</b> material Ballistic protection value V ₅₀ Surface material F (with floats) > 420m/s

The table shows that the surface material F that can be used according to the invention has a ballistic protection value V ₅₀ that has been improved once again.

g) A textile planar material G which can be used according to the invention is also examined, which corresponds to planar material A, but with the proviso that planar material F has undergone hydrophilic treatment or has a hydrophilic finish. The ballistic protection value V ₅₀ of > 395 m/s is comparable to or even higher than that of flat material A for the textile flat material G , as also set out in Table 7 below: <b>Table 7</b> material Ballistic protection value V ₅₀ Surface material G (with hydrophilic treatment) > 395m/s

The table shows that the planar material F according to the invention has an even slightly improved ballistic protection value V ₅₀ , possibly due to a possibly better sliding behavior of the stitches or the individual filaments relative to one another in the multifilament yarn.

b) Wearing properties / washing properties

For the above-mentioned textile sheet materials A and G, an examination is also carried out with regard to their physiological properties when worn and their washing properties or washing resistance.

Both surface materials A and G each have high air permeability in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9237. In addition, according to the TEGEWA test, surface material A has a hydrophilicity with a sinking time of less than 1 second for the sampled test solution, while sheet material G has a significantly reduced sinking time in this regard. This makes it clear that the materials can absorb sweat or moisture over a long period of time without feeling damp and that the materials are able to remove moisture or body sweat from the wearer, with sheet material G being even better than sheet material A in this regard. In addition, the surface material G has improved antistatic properties compared to surface material A.

In addition, the sheet material G has an even better washing resistance than sheet material A. After a number of washing cycles (e.g. 20 washing cycles) in a domestic washing machine at a washing temperature of 60 °C, the surface material A shows at most slight changes in the material properties (i.e. at most a slight reduction in the ballistic protection value by a maximum of 5%), while for the surface material G has no significant changes in the material properties with a corresponding number of washing cycles. The materials are also characterized by a short drying time, which is further improved in the case of the flat material F.

Overall, the above statements show that the planar materials that can be used according to the invention have particularly good ballistic protection properties, with high durability and high wearing comfort of the materials being ensured when used in protective clothing.

REFERENCE LIST:

1

Textile surface material

2

yarn system

3

UHMW-PE multifilament yarn

4

UHMW-PE single filament

5

mesh

6

binding element

Claims (13)

1. A protective article in the form of protective clothing with splinter, puncture and/or cut protection properties for the military and/or civilian sector, wherein the protective article comprises or consists of at least one textile sheet material (1) with splinter, puncture and/or cut protection properties,

   wherein the textile sheet material (1) comprises or consists of at least one yarn system (2) forming the textile sheet material (1),

   wherein the yarn system (2) comprises or is formed from at least one UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3),

   wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3) comprises or is formed from a plurality of UHMW-PE single filaments (4) being at least substantially the same and/or being at least substantially identical to each other, wherein the UHMW-PE single filaments (4) are plied together and/or twisted to form the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3),

   wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3) consists of or is formed from 5 to 500 UHMW-PE single filaments (4), and wherein the UHMW-PE single filaments (4) each have a linear density in the range of from 0.2 dtex to 30 dtex,

   wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3) has a yarn twist in the range of from 60 T/m to 140 T/m in the Z-direction or in the S-direction, and

   wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3) has a linear density of at least 150 dtex.
2. The protective article according to claim 1,

   wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3) consists of or is formed from 10 to 400 UHMW-PE single filaments (4), preferably 20 to 300 UHMW-PE single filaments (4), preferably 40 to 200 UHMW-PE single filaments (4), more preferably 60 to 160 UHMW-PE single filaments (4), most preferably 80 to 120 UHMW-PE single filaments (4); and/or

   wherein the UHMW-PE individual filaments (4), in particular determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 2060, each have a linear density in the range of from 0.5 dtex to 10 dtex, preferably in the range of from 0.8 dtex to 5 dtex, preferably in the range of from 1 dtex to 3 dtex, particularly preferably in the range of from 1.2 dtex to 2.8 dtex, very particularly preferably in the range of from 1.5 dtex to 2.5 dtex; and/or

   wherein the UHMW-PE individual filaments (4), in particular determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 2060, have at least substantially identical titers (finenesses) to one another, in particular wherein the deviation of the respective titers (finenesses) from one another is at most 10%, in particular at most 5%, preferably at most 3%, more preferably at most 1%, based on the smaller value; and/or

   wherein the UHMW-PE single filaments (4) are formed at least substantially entirely of or consist of UHMW-PE; and/or

   wherein the UHMW-PE individual filaments (4) comprise at least substantially no further contents and/or components, in particular no adhesives or the like, in addition to UHMW-PE.
3. The protective article according to claim 1 or 2,

   wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3) has a yarn twist of at least 65 T/m, preferably at least 70 T/m, more preferably at least 75 T/m, in the Z-direction or in the S-direction, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 2061; and/or

   wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3) has a yarn twist of at most 120 T/m, preferably at most 100 T/m, more preferably at most 90 T/m, in the Z-direction or in the S-direction, preferably in the Z-direction, in particular determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 2061; and/or

   wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3) has a yarn twist in the range of from 65 T/m to 120 T/m, preferably in the range of from 70 T/m to 100 T/m, more preferably in the range of from 75 T/m to 90 T/m, in the Z-direction or in the S-direction, preferably in the Z-direction, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 2061.
4. The protective article according to any one of the preceding claims,

   wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3) has a linear density (fineness, yarn fineness), in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 2060, of at least 155 dtex, in particular at least 160 dtex, preferably at least 180 dtex, more preferably at least 190 dtex, particularly preferably at least 195 dtex; and/or

   wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3) has a titre (fineness, yarn fineness), in particular determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 2060, of at most 450 dtex, in particular at most 400 dtex, preferably at most 350 dtex, more preferably at most 300 dtex, particularly preferably at most 260 dtex; and/or

   wherein the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3) has a titre (fineness, yarn fineness), in particular determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 2060, in the range of from 155 dtex to 450 dtex, in particular in the range of from 160 dtex to 400 dtex, preferably in the range of from 180 dtex to 350 dtex, more preferably in the range of from 190 dtex to 300 dtex, particularly preferably in the range of from 195 dtex to 275 dtex, very particularly preferably in the range of from 195 dtex to 260 dtex.
5. The protective article according to any one of the preceding claims,

   wherein the sheet material (1) and/or the yarn system (2) is in the form of a textile knitted fabric and/or is present as a textile knitted fabric, in particular wherein the sheet material (1) and/or the yarn system (2) has a plurality of stitches (5) on the one hand and optionally at least one binding element (6) different therefrom on the other hand;

   in particular wherein the binding element (6) is selected from the group consisting of handle, float, weft, partial weft and a standing thread, preferably handle and float; and/or in particular wherein the binding element (6) is and/or is in the form of a handle and/or a float (floatation); and/or

   in particular wherein the binding element (6) is formed from the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3) and/or a separate and/or further UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3') different from the UHMW-PE multifilament yarn (3); and/or

   wherein the sheet material (1) and/or the yarn system (2) is in the form of a knitted fabric and/or a crotcheted fabric, in particular a warp knitted fabric and/or a weft knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric; and/or wherein the sheet material (1) and/or the yarn system (2) is present as a knitted fabric and/or a crotcheted fabric, in particular as a warp knitted fabric and/or as a weft knitted fabric, preferably as a knitted fabric; and/or

   wherein the sheet material (1) and/or the yarn system (2) is in the form of a knitted fabric and/or is present as a knitted fabric.
6. The protective article according to one of the preceding claims,

   wherein the sheet material (1), in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has a number and/or density of wales (wales/cm) in the range of from 2 to 25 mesh wales/cm, in particular in the range of from 4 to 20 mesh wales/cm, preferably in the range of from 5 to 17 mesh wales/cm, more preferably in the range of from 6 to 15 mesh wales/cm; and/or

   wherein the sheet material (1), in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has a number and/or density of stitch rows (stitch rows/cm) in the range of from 2 to 40 stitch rows/cm, in particular in the range of from 5 to 30 stitch rows/cm, preferably in the range of from 8 to 25, more preferably in the range of from 10 to 23 stitch rows/cm.
7. The protective article according to one of the preceding claims,

   wherein the sheet material (1), in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has a shatter and/or ballistic protection value V50, determined in accordance with STANAG 2920, of at least 185 m/s, in particular at least 200 m/s, preferably at least 230 m/s, more preferably at least 275 m/s, particularly preferably at least 305 m/s, very particularly preferably at least 320 m/s, further preferably at least 325 m/s, still further preferably at least 330 m/s; and/or

   wherein the sheet material (1), in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has a shatter and/or ballistic protection value V50, determined in accordance with STANAG 2920, in a range of from 185 m/s to 900 m/s, in particular in a range of from 200 m/s to 800 m/s, preferably in a range of from 230 m/s to 700 m/s, more preferably in a range of from 275 m/s to 650 m/s, particularly preferably in a range of from 305 m/s to 600 m/s, most preferably in a range of from 320 m/s to 575 m/s, further preferably in a range of from 325 m/s to 550 m/s, still further preferably in a range of from 330 m/s to 530 m/s.
8. The protective article according to any one of the preceding claims,

   wherein the sheet material (1), in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, is provided with a hydrophilic finish and/or has been subjected to hydrophilization, in particular using at least one hydrophilizing agent; and/or

   wherein the sheet material (1), in particular in the form of a textile knitted fabric, preferably in the form of a knitted fabric, has been treated and/or provided with and/or subjected to at least one hydrophilizing agent;

   in particular wherein the hydrophilizing agent is selected from the group of (i) polymers based on at least one unsaturated carboxylic acid, in particular polymers based on at least one unsaturated C₃-C₆ carboxylic acid, preferably polyacrylic acid, (ii) copolymers of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and comonomers, in particular alkyl acrylates and/or methacrylates, (iii) alkoxylation products, in particular ethoxylation products (oxethylation products), of polymers and/or of alkylphenol derivatives, in particular of polymers, (iv) modified fluoropolymers, in particular in the form of block (co)polymers with hydrophilic sections and/or regions on the one hand and with hydrophobic sections and/or regions on the other hand, preferably with hydrophilic blocks and hydrophobic blocks, and (v) mixtures or combinations thereof.
9. The protective article according to any one of the preceding claims,

   wherein the protective article further comprises a textile material, in particular a sheet material;

   in particular wherein the sheet material (1) is combined and/or brought together, in particular joined, with the textile material.
10. The protective article according to claim 9,

    wherein the sheet material (1) and the textile material are arranged in a common plane and/or form a common plane and/or form a preferably closed plane; and/or

    wherein the sheet material (1) and the textile material are each joined to each other at the edges, preferably by means of sewing, welding, gluing or the like, preferably by means of sewing and/or knitting.
11. The protective article according to claim 9,

    wherein the sheet material (1) and the textile material are arranged in different planes and/or on top of each other and/or on top of each other; and/or

    wherein the sheet material (1) and the textile material are arranged loosely with respect to each other or are joined to each other, preferably joined to each other at the edges, in particular by means of sewing, welding, gluing or the like, preferably by means of sewing and/or knitting.
12. The protective article according to any one of claims 9 to 11,

    wherein the textile material is gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and/or water-vapor-permeable; and/or

    wherein the textile material is in the form of knitted fabric, in particular knitted fabric or crotcheted fabric; woven fabric; scrim or textile composite, in particular knitted fabric or woven fabric; and/or

    wherein the protective article and/or the sheet material (1) and/or the textile material is additionally provided with and/or equipped with an adsorbent adsorbing chemical toxins and/or warfare agents, in particular a material based on activated carbon, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in grain form ("grain carbon") or spherical form ("spherical carbon"), in particular wherein the adsorbent is fixed to the protective article and/or the sheet material (1) and/or the textile material by means of an adhesive applied in particular discontinuously, preferably in the form of dots; and/or

    wherein the protective object is formed as protective clothing in the form of a protective suit; protective trousers, in particular protective underpants or protective overpants; a protective shirt, in particular protective underpants or protective overpants; a protective vest; protective gloves; protective footwear; protective socks; protective headgear or the like; and/or

    wherein the protective article is formed as protective clothing in the form of undergarments and/or outer clothing; and/or

    wherein the protective garment is formed as a garment for persons.
13. Use of at least one sheet material (1), as defined in claim 1, for providing and/or increasing splinter, puncture and/or cut protection in protective articles in the form of protective clothing, preferably for the military and/or civilian sector.

Images