Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
  • D06P3/34—Material containing ester groups
  • D06P3/52—Polyesters
  • D06P3/54—Polyesters using dispersed dyestuffs
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
  • D03D1/0035—Protective fabrics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A41—WEARING APPAREL
  • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
  • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A41—WEARING APPAREL
  • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
  • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A41—WEARING APPAREL
  • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
  • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
  • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
  • A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/16—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dispersed, e.g. acetate, dyestuffs
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/41—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using basic dyes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
  • D06P1/653—Nitrogen-free carboxylic acids or their salts
  • D06P1/6533—Aliphatic, araliphatic or cycloaliphatic
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
  • D06P1/673—Inorganic compounds
  • D06P1/67333—Salts or hydroxides
  • D06P1/6735—Salts or hydroxides of alkaline or alkaline-earth metals with anions different from those provided for in D06P1/67341
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
  • D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
  • D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
  • D06P3/24—Polyamides; Polyurethanes
  • D06P3/242—Polyamides; Polyurethanes using basic dyes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
  • D06P3/82—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres
  • D06P3/8204—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres fibres of different chemical nature
  • D06P3/8209—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres fibres of different chemical nature mixtures of fibres containing amide groups
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
  • D06P5/02—After-treatment
  • D06P5/10—After-treatment with compounds containing metal
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
  • D06P3/82—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres
  • D06P3/8204—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres fibres of different chemical nature
  • D06P3/8214—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres fibres of different chemical nature mixtures of fibres containing ester and amide groups

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a dyed fabric for use in a flame resistant clothing or the like suitable for wearing by a person who is engaged in a work which is likely to be exposed to a flame, such as a firefighter, a pilot, a race driver, an operator of a power company or a chemical company, and the like; the present invention also relates to a dyeing method for obtaining the dyed fabric.
• Wholly aromatic polyamide fibers have high mechanical strength and heat resistance, as well as flame retardancy. They are in particular widely used in the design of suits for a firefighter, an astronaut, and a pilot, as a textile fiber intended to come into contact with fire or high temperatures. In recent years, there has been an increasing need for designability of clothes, and therefore a fabric having high dyeability is required.
• the meta-type- and para-type- wholly aromatic polyamide fibers have a molecular structure having high crystallinity and strong intermolecular bonding force, and therefore they are difficult to dye, and, even if they can be dyed, a dyestuff will be washed off easily by washing or the like. Therefore, there has been a problem that it is difficult to dye these fibers by a conventional dyeing technique.
• Patent Document 1 discloses a method in which a fiber swelling agent (carrier) is used to dye a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber with a cationic dyestuff.
• Patent Document 2 discloses a method in which a fabric is dyed with a cationic dyestuff and then dyed with a Vat dyestuff.
• a cationic dyestuff is selectively adsorbed to the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber; therefore it was difficult to dye the para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber.
• the present invention also provides a dyeing method.
• the present invention even in the case of a fabric comprising a meta-type-and para-type- wholly aromatic polyamide fibers and a polyester fiber which are difficult to dye, it is possible to obtain a dyed fabric which achieves color uniformity of the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, the para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber and the polyester fiber, and which exhibits excellent heat resistance and flame resistance. Further, according to the present invention, a textile product made of this dyed fabric can be obtained.
• a textile product made of the dyed fabric described above, which is selected from the group consisting of protective suits, fire resistant suits for firefighting, firefighting suits, rescue suits, workwear, a police uniform, a camouflage uniform, and a military uniform.
• a dyed fabric dyed after being shaped into a fabric which comprises a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber and a polyester fiber and is a fabric dyed with a cationic dyestuff and a disperse dyestuff, and which exhibits 1 second or less of the afterflame time and afterglow time defined in JISL1091A-1.
• a fabric contains a polyester fiber in addition to a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber and a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, it is possible to provide a relatively inexpensive fabric which retains high heat resistance and flame resistance.
• Conventional fabric having such a configuration may be inferior in color shade.
• the present inventor has found that, even in the case of fibers comprising a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber and a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber and a polyester fiber, by dyeing the fibers with a cationic dyestuff and a disperse dyestuff after shaping the fibers into a fabric, it is possible to obtain a dyed fabric which is uniformly dyed and which exhibits excellent appearance quality and excellent heat resistance and flame resistance.
• both of the dry rubbing fastness and the wet rubbing fastness defined in JIS L 0849 II method are preferably grade 3 or more.
• the fastness of the dyed fabric can be evaluated according to JIS L 0849 II type method.
• Each of the dry rubbing fastness (the fastness to rubbing in dry condition) and the wet rubbing fastness (the fastness to rubbing in wet condition) is expressed in nine grades, i.e., "1", "1-2", “2", “2-3”, “3", “3-4", "4", "4-5", and "5", according to JIS L 0849 II method, and grade "5" is the most excellent.
• both of the dry rubbing fastness and the wet rubbing fastness of the dyed fabric are grade 3 or more, grade 3-4 or more, grade 4 or more, or grade 4-5 or more.
• the polyester fiber is a polyester fiber ring-dyed with the disperse dyestuff (i.e., the polyester fiber is dyed with the disperse dyestuff by ring-dyeing).
• the dyed fabric is a fabric dyed with a cationic dyestuff of 20% o.w.f. (on the weight of fiber) or less and then dyed with a disperse dyestuff of 2% o.w.f. or less.
• a dyed fabric having particularly excellent rubbing fastness while retaining excellent color uniformity is provided.
• the weights of the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, the para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber and the polyester fiber are in the ratio of 60 to 90 : 1 to 15 : 5 to 30 (more preferably 60 to 80 : 1 to 10 : 5 to 20, or 60 to 80 : 2 to 10 : 5 to 20, or still more preferably 70 to 80 : 5 to 10 : 10 to 15).
• the dyed fabric is made of a blended spun yarn comprising the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, the para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber and the polyester fiber.
• the water absorption performance defined in AATCC79 prior to washing is 2 seconds or less, 1.5 seconds or less, or 1.0 seconds or less
• the water absorption performance defined in AATCC79 after 10 washing cycles defined in ISO6330:2012 (6N-F) is 10 seconds or less, 5 seconds or less, or 1 second or less.
• the amount of the residual dyestuff in particular the amount of the residual disperse dyestuff, is important in improving the fastness to rubbing while ensuring the color uniformity.
• the amount of the residual disperse dyestuff in particular the amount of the residual disperse dyestuff in the polyester fiber, is from 0.01% o.w.f. to 0.5% o.w.f. (more preferably from 0.01% o.w.f.
• the residual cationic dyestuff in particular the residual cationic dyestuff in the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, is from 0.01% o.w.f. to 16.0% o.w.f. (more preferably from 0.01% o.w.f. to 10% o.w.f.).
• the residual dyestuff is in this range, a dyed fabric having further improved rubbing fastness while having excellent color uniformity is provided.
• the fabric of the present invention may have any shape, and may be in the form of woven fabric, knitted fabric, nonwoven fabric, and may be formed into the shape of a fabric by a known method using the above-described fibers and/or fibers described later. Further, in addition to the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber and the para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber and the polyester fiber, as well as an optional electrically-conductive fiber described later, it is also possible to use other fibers in blending, mixed weaving, interlacing, etc. Examples of the other fibers include a cellulose fiber, a polyacrylonitrile fiber, wool, and silk.
• the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is a fiber in which aromatic rings constituting a main skeleton are bonded in meta-position by amide bonds, and which has 85 mol% or more of metaphenylene isophthalamide units, based on all repeating units of the polymer.
• Particularly preferred fiber is a polymetaphenylene isophthalamide homopolymer.
• the third component which can be copolymerized in 15 mol% or less (preferably 5 mol% or less) of all the repeating units, includes, as a diamine component, for example, paraphenylenediamine, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, paraxylylenediamine, biphenylenediamine, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine, 3,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, and 1,5-naphthalenediamine, or other aromatic diamines.
• a diamine component for example, paraphenylenediamine, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, paraxylylenediamine, biphenylenediamine, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, 3,
• an acid component examples thereof include terephthalic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, and naphthalene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid, and other aromatic dicarboxylic acids.
• aromatic diamines and aromatic dicarboxylic acids hydrogen atoms of the aromatic ring may be partly substituted by a halogen atom or an alkyl group such as a methyl group. It is preferable that 20% or more of the total terminal of the polymer is blocked with a monovalent diamine such as aniline or a monovalent carboxylic acid component, since the decrease in strength of the fiber when held at a high temperature for a long time is reduced.
• a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber mention may be made to commercially available products such as Teijinconex (trademark), Teijinconex Neo (trademark), Nomex (trademark), and the like.
• Such a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide can be produced by a known interfacial polymerization method.
• an intrinsic viscosity (I.V.) measured in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml is in the range of 1.3 to 1.9 dl/g.
• the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide may contain alkylbenzenesulfonic acid onium salt.
• alkylbenzenesulfonic acid onium salt include compounds such as tetrabutylphosphonium hexylbenzene sulfonate, tributylbenzylphosphonium hexylbenzene sulfonate, tetraphenylphosphonium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, tributyltetradecylphosphonium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, tetrabutylphosphonium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and tributylbenzylammonium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
• tetrabutylphosphonium dodecylbenzene sulfonate or tributylbenzylammonium dodecylbenzene sulfonate are preferred, since they are readily available, have good thermal stability, and have high solubility in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
• the content ratio of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid onium salt is preferably in the range of 2.5 mol% or more, preferably 3.0 mol% to 7.0 mol%, based on the poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide, in order to obtain an sufficient improvement effect of dyeability.
• an aromatic diamine component or an aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide component in an aromatic polyamide skeleton containing a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (1), wherein the aromatic diamine component and the aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide component are different from the main constitutional unit of the repeating structure, and wherein the content of the aromatic diamine component or the aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide component is 1 mol% to 10 mol% based on the total amount of the repeating structural units of the aromatic polyamide: -(NH-Ar1-NH-CO-Ar1-CO)- ⁇ formula (1) wherein Ar1 is a divalent aromatic group with binding groups in meta-position or in the direction other than parallel axis.
• the third component it is possible to copolymerize the aromatic diamine or the aromatic dicarboxylic acid dichloride represented by the following formulas (2), (3), (4), and (5).
• the aromatic diamines represented by the formulas (2) and (3) include, for example, p-phenylenediamine, chlorophenylenediamine, methylphenylenediamine, acetylphenylenediamine, aminoanisidine, benzidine, bis(aminophenyl)ether, bis(aminophenyl)sulfone, diaminobenzanilide, diaminoazobenzene, and the like.
• aromatic dicarboxylic acid dichloride represented by the formulas (4) and (5) include, for example, terephthalic acid chloride, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid chloride, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid chloride, 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid chloride, 5-chloroisophthalic acid chloride, 5-methoxyisophthalic acid chloride, and bis (chlorocarbonylphenyl) Ether.
• the crystallinity of the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is preferably 5% to 35%, since a good exhaustion of dye is obtained and since it is easy to adjust a color to the target color even under a condition where the amount of dye is low or even under a weak dyeing condition.
• the crystallinity is more preferably 15% to 25%, since the uneven distribution of the dye on the surface hardly occurs, the resistance to discoloration is high, and the dimensional stability necessary for practical use can be secured.
• the residual solvent content in the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is preferably 1.0% by weight or less (more preferably 0.3% by weight or less), since the excellent flame retardant performance of the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is retained, uneven distribution of the dye on the surface hardly occurs, and the resistance to discoloration becomes high.
• an amide-based solvent containing an aromatic copolyamide polymer which is obtained by a method such as the solution polymerization or interfacial polymerization described above.
• amide-based solvent used in the polymerization examples include N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and the like. Among those, N,N-dimethylacetamide is particularly preferred.
• the copolymerized aromatic polyamide polymer solution is further stabilized by containing an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt, since this makes it possible to use the solution at higher concentration and/or at lower temperature.
• the alkali metal salt or the alkaline earth metal salt is preferably 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the polymer solution.
• a spinning solution (a solution of meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide polymer) is spun into a coagulation solution for the coagulation.
• the apparatus for the spinning is not particularly limited, and a known wet spinning apparatus can be used. Further, as long as the wet spinning is stably performed, there is no particular limitation on the number, the arrangement, or the hole shape, etc., of the spinning nozzle. For example, it is possible to use a multi-hole spinning nozzle for staple fiber having 1000 to 30000 pores and/or having a spinning hole diameter of 0.05 mm to 0.2mm. Note that the suitable temperature at which the spinning solution (the solution of meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide polymer) obtained above is spun out from the spinning nozzle (spinneret) is in the range of 20°C to 90°C.
• an amide-based solvent substantially free of inorganic salts As a coagulation bath used to obtain the fiber, it is preferable to use an amide-based solvent substantially free of inorganic salts. In particular, it is preferable to use an aqueous solution having 45 to 60% by mass of NMP concentration at a bath temperature (bath liquid temperature) range of 10°C to 50°C.
• concentration of the amide-based solvent preferably NMP
• the skin may have a thicker structure, the cleaning efficiency in the cleaning step may decrease, and it may be difficult to reduce the amount of residual solvent in the fiber.
• the concentration of the amide-based solvent preferably NMP
• the suitable immersion time of the fiber in the coagulation bath is in the range of 0.1 seconds to 30 seconds.
• the drawing is carried out in an amide-based solvent.
• a plasticizing drawing bath which contains an aqueous solution having 45% by mass to 60% by mass of NMP concentration and has a bath liquid temperature of 10°C to 50°C.
• thorough washing is performed by passing the fiber through a 10°C to 30°C aqueous solution with 20% by mass to 40% by mass of NMP concentration, followed by passing the fiber through a 50°C to 70°C hot water bath.
• the fiber After washing, the fiber is subjected to a dry heat treatment at a temperature of 270°C to 290°C, which makes it possible to obtain a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber which satisfies the above range of crystallinity and residual solvent content.
• Preferable degree of crystallinity and preferable residual solvent content can be obtained by the above-described method.
• the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber may be a long fiber (multifilament) or a short fiber.
• a short fiber having a fiber length of 25 mm to 200 mm is preferred, and it is further preferable that a single fiber fineness is in a range of 1 dtex to 5 dtex.
• a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is contained in a fabric as a blended spun yarn with a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, since the strength of the fabric is improved.
• a paraphenylene terephthalamide fiber or a coparaphenylene ⁇ 3,4'oxydiphenylene terephthalamide fiber is more preferable.
• Specific examples thereof include Technora (trademark), Kevlar (trademark) and Twaron (trademark).
• these fibers may contain additives such as an antioxidant, an infrared absorber, an ultraviolet absorber, a heat stabilizer, a flame retardant, titanium oxide, a colorant, and inert fine particles, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
• additives such as an antioxidant, an infrared absorber, an ultraviolet absorber, a heat stabilizer, a flame retardant, titanium oxide, a colorant, and inert fine particles, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
• the polyester fiber is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycyclohexane terephthalate, and copolymers thereof, and a fiber in which a part of an acid component (terephthalic acid) is replaced with isophthalic acid.
• the fabric contains an electrically-conductive fiber in addition to the above-described fibers, since it is useful to prevent static electricity.
• the weights of meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, polyester fiber and electrically-conductive fiber are preferably in the ratio of 60 to 80 : 1 to 10 : 5 to 20 : 1 to 4 (more preferably 70 to 80 : 2 to 10 : 5 to 20 : 1 to 5, and still more preferably 75 to 80 : 3 to 8 : 10 to 20 : 1 to 4).
• the fabric is made of a blended spun yarn comprising a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, a polyester fiber and an electrically-conductive fiber.
• the electrically-conductive fiber comprises, as a conductor of a conductive portion thereof, for example, at least one of the following components: carbon black, metal particles (silver particles, copper particles, aluminum particles, etc.), metal oxide (particles mainly contains titanium oxide, tin (IV) oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide or the like) and a polymer containing electrically-conductive particles such as a polymer having coated particles of an electrically-conductive oxide.
• carbon black carbon black
• metal particles silver particles, copper particles, aluminum particles, etc.
• metal oxide particles mainly contains titanium oxide, tin (IV) oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide or the like
• a polymer containing electrically-conductive particles such as a polymer having coated particles of an electrically-conductive oxide.
• the form of the electrically-conductive fiber may be a structure in which the entire fiber is made of a conductive portion, or a structure in which the non-conductive portion and the conductive portion have a cross-sectional shape such as a core-sheath shape, a sandwich shape, or an eccentric shape.
• the resin forming the conductive portion and/or non-conductive portion is not particularly limited, as long as it has fiber-forming ability. Specifically, examples thereof include, as for a nylon resin, nylon 6, nylon 11, nylon 12, and nylon 66.
• examples of a polyester resin include polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycyclohexane terephthalate, and a copolymer thereof, and a resin in which a part of an acid component (terephthalic acid) is replaced with isophthalic acid.
• Examples of commercially available electrically-conductive fibers include “Metalian” (trade name) manufactured by Teijin Limited, “MEGANA” (trade name) manufactured by Unitika Ltd., “Luana” (trade name) manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., “Clacarbo” (trade name) manufactured by Kuraray Co. Ltd.
• a preferable electrically-conductive fiber is a core-sheath type composite fiber in which a conductive component is disposed in a sheath portion.
• “NO SHOCK” trademark
• Solcia Corporation is preferable.
• the fabric of the present invention is a fabric dyed with various dyes after being shaped into a fabric.
• a dyeing method suitable for the fiber species may be selected accordingly.
• the dyestuff include a cationic dyestuff, a Vat dyestuff, and a disperse dyestuff.
• the dyed fabric of the present invention is a fabric dyed with a cationic dyestuff and a disperse dyestuff.
• a cationic dyestuff refers to a water-soluble dye having a basic functional group, and are commonly used for dyeing a fiber such as an acrylic fiber, a natural fiber, or a polyester fiber dyeable with a cationic dyestuff.
• the cationic dyestuff can be appropriately selected, and examples thereof include diacrylmethane-based dyestuff and triacrylmethane-based dyestuff, quinoneimine-based (azine, oxazine, thiazine) dyestuff, xanthene-based dyestuff, methine-based (polymethine, azamethine) dyestuff, heterocyclic azo (thiazole azo, triazole azo, benzothiazole azo) dyestuff, and anthraquinone dyestuff.
• a cationic dyestuff which is made into a dispersion type by blocking a basic functional group.
• an azo dyestuff is desirable, and examples of the azo dyestuff include C.I. Basic Blue54, C.I.Basic Blue3, C.I.Basic Red29, C.I.Basic Yellow67.
• a Vat dyestuff is a water-insoluble dye.
• the Vat dyestuff is dissolved in an alkaline solution by a reduction action, and is oxidized by air to be insolubilized again for the dyeing.
• the Vat dyestuff may be appropriately selected, and examples thereof include an indigo-based dye and an anthraquinone-based dyestuff.
• a disperse dyestuff refers to a dyestuff which is hardly soluble in water and is used for dyeing hydrophobic fibers using a dispersed system in water.
• the disperse dyestuff is often used for dyeing a fiber such as a polyester fiber or an acetate fiber.
• the disperse dyestuff may be appropriately selected, and examples thereof include a benzene-based azo (mono azo, disazo, etc.,) dyestuff, a heterocyclic-based azo (thiazole azo, benzothiazole azo, quinoline azo, pyrizone azo, imidazole azo, thiophene azo, etc.,) dyestuff, an anthraquinone-based dyestuff, a condensation-type (quinophthalone, styryl, coumarin, etc.,) dyestuff, and the like.
• a benzene-based azo mono azo, disazo, etc.
• a heterocyclic-based azo thiazole azo, benzothiazole azo, quinoline azo, pyrizone azo, imidazole azo, thiophene azo, etc.
• an anthraquinone-based dyestuff an anthraquinon
• a carrier agent When dyeing a fabric, a carrier agent may be used.
• the carrier agent is, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of DL- ⁇ -ethylphenethyl alcohol, 2-ethoxybenzyl alcohol, 3-chlorobenzyl alcohol, 2,5-dimethylbenzyl alcohol, 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol, p-isopropylbenzyl alcohol, 2-methylphenethyl alcohol, 3-methylphenethyl alcohol, 4-methylphenethyl alcohol, 2-methoxybenzyl alcohol, 3-iodobenzyl alcohol, cinnamic alcohol, p-anisyl alcohol, benzhydrol, benzyl alcohol, propylene glycol phenyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether and N-methylformanilide.
• a method for manufacturing the dyed fabric according to the present disclosure is not particularly limited, but can be preferably manufactured by the dyeing method according to the present disclosure described below.
• the fabric is dyed with a cationic dyestuff at a temperature raised enough to dye the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber and the para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, and then the fabric is dyed in a dyeing bath containing a disperse dyestuff at a temperature raised enough to dye the polyester fiber.
• the dyeing with the cationic dyestuff is preferably performed at a temperature range of 115°C to 135°C, preferably at 115°C to 125°C.
• the dyeing with the disperse dyestuff can be performed, for example, at 125°C to 135°C.
• the dyeing with the disperse dyestuff is performed after the dyeing with the cationic dyestuff has been completed.
• a dyeing bath containing a cationic dyestuff may be cooled to 80°C or less, and then a disperse dyestuff may be added and the temperature may be raised, or, the dyeing bath containing the cationic dyestuff may be discarded and a dyeing bath containing a disperse dyestuff may be newly prepared to perform the dyeing.
• a method for dyeing a fabric in which a fabric comprising a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber and a polyester fiber, or a fabric consisting of these fibers, is dyed with a dye solution for wholly aromatic polyamide fiber containing 20% o.w.f. or less of a cationic dyestuff, and then dyed with a dye solution for polyester fiber containing 2.0% o.w.f. or less of a disperse dyestuff.
• the concentration of the disperse dyestuff at the time of dyeing is more preferably from 0.01% o.w.f. to 1.0% o.w.f., and even more preferably from 0.01% o.w.f. to 0.5% o.w.f.
• the concentration of the cationic dyestuff at the time of dyeing is more preferably from 0.01% o.w.f. to 15% o.w.f., and even more preferably from 0.1% o.w.f. to 10% o.w.f.
• the fabric when dyeing a fabric comprising a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber and a polyester fiber, or a fabric consisting of these fibers, first, the fabric is dyed with a cationic dyestuff which is a dye solution for wholly aromatic polyamide fiber at a temperature raised enough to dye the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber and the para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, and then a thermosol dyeing is performed using a disperse dyestuff which is a dyeing solution for polyester fiber.
• the dyeing with the cationic dyestuff is preferably performed at 115°C to 135°C, more preferably 115°C to 125°C.
• thermosol dyeing in particular, it is preferable to use a thermosol dyeing machine of a continuous device equipped with a padder, a dryer and a thermosol machine.
• the dyeing is preferably carried out by impregnating a fabric dyed with a cationic dyestuff into a disperse dye solution, followed by squeezing with a mangle at a squeezing ratio of 50% by mass to 70% by mass, followed by dry-heating at 90°C to 150°C (preferably at 120°C to 140°C) for 50 to 70 seconds, followed by drying at 160°C to 240°C for 2 to 4 minutes (preferably at 180°C to 220°C for 2.5 to 3.5 minutes), and then using an open soaper to perform reduction cleaning, soaping, and hot-water washing, and then performing final setting.
• a polyester fiber is ring-dyed (i.e., a polyester fiber is dyed by "ring-dyeing")
• ring-dyeing a polyester fiber is dyed by "ring-dyeing"
• the color uniformity of the fibers can be evaluated by magnifying the obtained dyed fabric with a microscope and by evaluating the degree of dyeing of the fibers with a visual observation and with a color swatch.
• a fabric containing a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber and a polyester fiber, or a fabric consisting of these fibers is dyed with a dye solution for wholly aromatic polyamide fiber containing 20% o.w.f. or less of a cationic dyestuff, and then subjected to a thermosol dyeing with a dye solution for polyester fiber containing 2% o.w.f. or less of a disperse dyestuff.
• the dyeing method according to the present invention such as a fabric, fibers constituting the fabric, a weight ratio of fibers, and a dye, etc., it is possible to refer to the above descriptions regarding the dyed fabric.
• the fabric may contain an electrically-conductive fiber. According to the dyeing method of the present invention, even when an electrically-conductive fiber is contained, it is possible to obtain a dyed fabric which exhibits excellent color uniformity of the fibers.
• a water repellent In order to impart various functions to the fabric, it is possible to apply or add other various processing to the fabric, such as a water repellent, a heat storage agent, an ultraviolet shielding agent or an antistatic agent, an antibacterial agent, a deodorant, an insect repellent, a phosphorescent agent, a retroreflective agent, etc.
• a sweat absorbing processing agent it is preferable to use polyethylene glycol diacrylate, a derivative of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, a copolymer of polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene glycol, a water-soluble polyurethane, or the like.
• a copolymer of polyethylene glycol and aminosilicone is preferred, since it has good affinity for the wholly aromatic polyamide fiber and thus the sweat absorption properties with good washing durability are easily obtained.
• smaller particle diameter of the sweat absorbing processing agent is preferable, since in this case it easily adheres to the wholly aromatic polyamide fiber.
• the particle diameter is preferably in the range of 25 nm to 200 nm.
• the sweat absorbing processing agent may be applied to the fabric by bath treatment at the same time as dyeing, or may be applied to the fabric by padding treatment.
• the textile product of the present invention includes protective suits, fire resistant suits for firefighting, firefighter suits, rescue suits, workwear, a police uniform, a camouflage uniform, and a military uniform which are made of the dyed fabric described above. Since these textile products are made of the above-described dyed fabric, they exhibit excellent heat resistance, flame retardancy, flame resistance and strength, and further, they exhibit excellent color uniformity, and in particular they exhibit good dye fastness. Therefore, as an aesthetic fabric having characteristics of both of the wholly aromatic polyamide fibers and the polyester fiber, these textile products are suitable for people who are engaged in work which may be exposed to flames or the like, such as a firefighter, a pilot, a race driver, and a worker of a power company or a chemical company.
• the limiting oxygen index (LOI) defined in E-2 of JIS1091:1999 was determined.
• the rubbing fastness (fastness to rubbing) as defined in JIS L 0849 II method was measured in dry condition and wet condition, respectively.
• the diffraction profile was measured with an X-ray diffraction measurement device (RINT TTRIII, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation) by aligning the raw fibers into a fiber bundle having a diameter of about 1 mm and mounting it onto a fiber sample table.
• the measurement conditions were as follows: Cu-K ⁇ source (50kV, 300 mA), scanning angle range 10° to 35°, continuous measurement 0.1° width measurement, and 1°/min scanning.
• Total scattering profile was obtained from the measured diffraction profile by performing correction of air scattering and incoherent scattering by a linear approximation. Subsequently, the crystal scattering profile was obtained by subtracting the amorphous scattering profile from the total scattering profile.
• the water absorption performance defined in AATCC79 prior to washing (hereinafter referred to as the "initial water absorption performance") and the water absorption performance defined in AATCC79 after 10 washes defined in ISO6330:2012 (6N-F) (hereinafter referred to as the “water absorption performance after 10 washing cycles”) were measured.
• the upper limit of the water absorption performance after 10 washing cycles was set to be 60 seconds.
• the L value was measured using a MacBeth spectrophotometer Color-Eye3100.
• the color (L value) of a dye solution prior to use was measured using a MacBeth spectrophotometer Color-Eye3100, and the color (L value) of a dye solution after the dyeing (a residual solution) was measured again, and the residual dye (% o.w.f.) was measured from the difference of these values.
• the color (L value) of a dye solution prior to use was measured using a MacBeth spectrophotometer Color-Eye3100, and the color of (L value) of a dye solution after the dyeing (a residual solution) was measured again, and the residual dye (% o.w.f.) was measured from the difference of these values.
• the obtained dyed fabric was magnified by a microscopy and the degree of dyeing of fibers was evaluated by visual observation, according to the following criteria:
• Dyed fabrics according to Examples 1 to 5 were manufactured and evaluated for quality.
• Two of the obtained spun yarns were combined and twisted by double twister at a second twist count of 20.9T/inch, and then subjected to twist-set at a setting temperature of 120°C for a setting time of 20 minutes by using a vacuum steam setting machine, in order to obtain a flame-retardant doubled and twisted yarn.
• the woven fabric was subjected to singeing treatment, scouring treatment, dry treatment, and heat treatment (temperature: 160°C, time:30 seconds) in a conventional manner, and then dyed with a dye solution for wholly aromatic polyamide fiber at a temperature of 130°C for 60 minutes after raising the temperature from ambient temperature (bath ratio 1:20), wherein the dye solution for wholly aromatic polyamide fiber contains 16% o.w.f.
• a cationic dyestuff (Basacryl Red GL, manufactured by BASF)
• 10 g/l of a carrier agent 10 g/l of a carrier agent, 3 g/l of acetic acid, 20 g/l of sodium nitrate, and 1 g/l of a dispersant (Disper VG, manufactured by Meisei Chemical Works, Ltd.).
• the fabric was dyed with a dye solution for polyester fiber at a temperature of 130°C for 30 minutes after raising the temperature from ambient temperature (bath ratio 1:20), wherein the dye solution for polyester fiber contains 0.2% o.w.f. of a disperse dyestuff (Foron Rubine S-2GFL, manufactured by Sandoz), 3 g/l of acetic acid, and 1 g/l of a dispersant (Disper VG, manufactured by Meisei Chemical Works, Ltd.).
• a disperse dyestuff Form Rubine S-2GFL, manufactured by Sandoz
• acetic acid 3 g/l
• Dispersant Dispersant
• the obtained colored fabric was then washed with a reducing bath (bath ratio 1:20) containing 1 g/L of hydrosulfite and 1 g/L of soda ash at a temperature of 70°C for 20 minutes. Thereafter, after cooling, the dyed fabric was collected, washed with water, air-dried, and subjected to heat treatment to finish. The heat treatment was carried out at a temperature of 160°C for 1 minutes to obtain a dyed fabric.
• a reducing bath bath ratio 1:20
• the obtained fabric was treated with a sweat absorbing processing agent for polyester and a sweat absorbing processing agent for wholly aromatic polyamide fiber in a conventional manner.
• the woven fabric density was 63 ends per inch and 55 picks per inch
• the limiting oxygen index was 26.0
• the dry rubbing fastness was grade 4-5
• the wet rubbing fastness was grade 4-5
• the afterflame time and afterglow time were 0 second
• the initial water absorption performance was 1.0 seconds
• the water absorption performance after 10 washing cycles was 1.0 seconds
• the residual disperse dyestuff in the polyester fiber was 0.03% o.w.f.
• the residual cationic dyestuff in the meta-type wholly-aromatic polyamide fiber was 8.0% o.w.f. Evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
• a dyed fabric was obtained as in Example 1 except that in the spinning step, instead of "Twaron” which is a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide, a coparaphenylene ⁇ 3,4' oxydiphenylene terephthalamide fiber ("Technora” (trademark) manufactured by Teijin Limited) having a single fiber fineness of 1.7 dtex, a cut length (fiber length) of 51 mm, and a limiting oxygen index defined in E-2 of JIS1091:1999 of 25, was used.
• Twaron which is a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide
• a coparaphenylene ⁇ 3,4' oxydiphenylene terephthalamide fiber (“Technora” (trademark) manufactured by Teijin Limited) having a single fiber fineness of 1.7 dtex, a cut length (fiber length) of 51 mm, and a limiting oxygen index defined in E-2 of JIS1091:1999 of 25, was used.
• the woven fabric density was 63 ends per inch and 55 picks per inch
• the limiting oxygen index was 26.0
• the dry rubbing fastness was grade 4-5
• the wet rubbing fastness was grade 4-5
• the afterflame time and afterglow time were 0 second
• the initial water absorption performance was 1.0 seconds
• the water absorption performance after 10 washing cycles was 1.0 seconds
• the residual disperse dyestuff in the polyester fiber was 0.02% o.w.f.
• the residual cationic dyestuff in the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber was 8.0% o.w.f. Evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
• a dyed fabric was obtained as in Example 1 except that in the spinning step, an electrically-conductive fiber ("CoreBrid ET10” (trademark), manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) having a single fiber fineness of 3.3 dtex and a cut length (fiber length) of 38 mm was not contained, and a weight ratio of the fibers was set to 80:5:15.
• an electrically-conductive fiber (“CoreBrid ET10” (trademark), manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) having a single fiber fineness of 3.3 dtex and a cut length (fiber length) of 38 mm was not contained, and a weight ratio of the fibers was set to 80:5:15.
• the woven fabric density was 63 ends per inch and 55 picks per inch
• the limiting oxygen index was 26.0
• the dry rubbing fastness was grade 4-5
• the wet rubbing fastness was 4-5 grade
• the afterflame time and afterglow time were 0 second
• the initial water absorption performance was 1.0 seconds
• the water absorption performance after10 washing cycles was of 1.0 seconds
• the residual disperse dyestuff in the polyester fiber was 0.02% o.w.f.
• the residual cationic dyestuff in the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber was 8.0% o.w.f. Evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
• a dyed fabric was obtained as in Example 1 except that the sweat absorbing processing agent for polyester was not used in the dispersion dyeing condition.
• the woven fabric density was 63 ends per inch and 55 picks per inch
• the limiting oxygen index was 26.0
• the dry rubbing fastness was grade 4 and the wet rubbing fastness was grade 4
• the afterflame time and afterglow time were 0 second
• the initial water absorption performance was 10.0 seconds
• the water absorption performance after 10 washing cycles was 15.0 seconds
• the residual disperse dyestuff in the polyester fiber was 0.06% o.w.f.
• the residual cationic dyestuff in the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber was 8.0% o.w.f. Evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
• a dyed fabric was obtained as in Example 1 except that the concentration of the disperse dyestuff was changed to 3.0% o.w.f. in the dyeing condition.
• the woven fabric density was 63 ends per inch and 55 picks per inch
• the limiting oxygen index was 26.0
• the dry rubbing fastness was grade 2-3 and the wet rubbing fastness was grade 2-3
• the afterflame time and afterglow time were 0 second
• the initial water absorption performance was 1.0 seconds
• the water absorption performance after 10 washing cycles was 1.0 seconds
• the residual disperse dyestuff in the polyester fiber was 0.05% o.w.f.
• the residual cationic dyestuff in the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber was 9.0% o.w.f. Evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
• a dyed fabric was obtained as in Example 1 except that although the dyeing with the dye solution for wholly aromatic polyamide fiber was performed, the dyeing with the dye solution for polyester fiber was not performed.
• the dyed fabric thus obtained was evaluated for color uniformity. Evaluation result is shown in Table 1.
• a dyed fabric was obtained as in Example 1 except that although the dyeing with the dye solution for polyester fiber was performed, the dyeing with the dye solution for wholly aromatic polyamide fiber was not performed.
• the dyed fabric thus obtained was evaluated for color uniformity. Evaluation result is shown in Table 1.
• a dyed fabric was obtained as in Example 1 except that a dyeing of a fabric was performed with a mixed dye solution containing a cationic dyestuff and a disperse dyestuff, instead of the dyeing with the dye solution for polyester fiber and the dyeing with the dye solution for wholly aromatic polyamide fiber.
• the dyed fabric thus obtained was evaluated for color uniformity. Evaluation result is shown in Table 1.
• the dyed fabrics according to Examples 6 to 10 were manufactured and the evaluation was carried out for their quality.
• Two of the obtained spun yarns were combined and twisted by double twister at a second twist count of 20.9T/inch, and then subjected to twist-set by using a vacuum steam setting machine at a setting temperature of 120°C for a setting time of 20 minutes, in order to obtain a flame retardant doubled and twisted yarn.
• the woven fabric was subjected to singeing treatment, scouring treatment, and setting treatment (temperature: 160 °C, time:30 seconds) in a conventional manner, and then dyed with a dye solution for wholly aromatic polyamide fiber at a temperature of 130°C for 60 minutes after raising the temperature from the ambient temperature (bath ratio 1:20), wherein the dye solution for wholly aromatic polyamide fiber contains 16% o.w.f.
• a cationic dyestuff (Basacryl Red GL, manufactured by BASF)
• 10 g/l of a carrier agent 10 g/l of a carrier agent, 3 g/l of acetic acid, 20 g/l of sodium nitrate, and 1 g/l of a dispersant (Disper VG, manufactured by Meisei Chemical Works, Ltd.).
• thermosol dyeing machine of a continuous device equipped with a padder, a dryer, and a thermosol machine.
• the fabric dyed with the cationic dyestuff was impregnated into a dye solution for polyester fiber containing 0.2% o.w.f.
• a disperse dyestuff (Sumikaron Red S-3BFL, manufactured by Sumika Chemtex Co., Ltd.), 3 g/l of sodium alginate (anti migration agent), and 1 g/l of a dispersant (Disper VG, manufactured by Meisei Chemical Works, Ltd.), and then squeezed with a mangle at a squeezing ratio of 60% by mass, and then dried at 130°C for 60 seconds, and subjected to a dry heat treatment at 230°C for 3 minutes. Subsequently, an open soaper was used to perform reduction cleaning, soaping, and hot-water washing, and then drying was performed for a final set (30 seconds at 160°C), in order to obtain a dyed fabric.
• a disperse dyestuff Sudikaron Red S-3BFL, manufactured by Sumika Chemtex Co., Ltd.
• Dispersant Dispersant
• the obtained fabric was treated with a sweat absorbing processing agent for polyester and a sweat absorbing processing agent for wholly aromatic polyamide fiber in a conventional manner.
• the woven fabric density was 63 ends per inch and 55 picks per inch
• the dry rubbing fastness was grade 3 and the wet rubbing fastness was grade 3
• the afterflame time and afterglow time were 0 second
• the initial water absorption performance was 1.0 seconds
• the water absorption performance after 10 washing cycles was 1.0 seconds
• the residual disperse dyestuff in the polyester fiber was 0.1% o.w.f.
• the residual cationic dyestuff in the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber was 4.5% o.w.f. Evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
• the obtained dyed fabric was excellent in heat resistance and flame resistance, and had particularly good color uniformity of fibers, excellent appearance quality, and excellent fastness.
• the dyed fabric was manufactured as in Example 6 except that, in the spinning step, coparaphenylene 3,4' oxydiphenylene terephthalamide fiber ("Technora” (trademark), manufactured by Teijin Limited) having a single fiber fineness of 1.7 dtex, a cut length (fiber length) of 51 mm, and an LOI of 25, was used instead of "Twaron” (Trademark) manufactured by Teijin Limited which is a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide.
• coparaphenylene 3,4' oxydiphenylene terephthalamide fiber ("Technora” (trademark), manufactured by Teijin Limited) having a single fiber fineness of 1.7 dtex, a cut length (fiber length) of 51 mm, and an LOI of 25, was used instead of "Twaron” (Trademark) manufactured by Teijin Limited which is a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide.
• the woven fabric density was 63 ends per inch and 55 picks per inch
• the limiting oxygen index was 26.0
• the dry rubbing fastness was grade 3 and the wet rubbing fastness was grade 3
• the afterflame time and afterglow time were 0 second
• the initial water absorption performance was 1.0 seconds
• the water absorption performance after 10 washing cycles was 1.0 seconds
• the residual disperse dyestuff in the polyester fiber was 0.1% o.w.f.
• the residual cationic dyestuff in the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber was 4.5% o.w.f. Evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
• the obtained dyed fabric was excellent in heat resistance and flame resistance, and had particularly good color uniformity of fibers, excellent appearance quality, and excellent fastness.
• the dyed fabric was manufactured as in Example 6 except that in the spinning process, an electrically-conductive fiber ("Corebrid ET10” (trademark) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) having a single fiber fineness of 3.3 dtex and a cut length (fiber length) of 38 mm was not used, and a weight ratio of fibers was changed to 80:5:15
• the woven fabric density was 63 ends per inch and 55 picks per inch
• the limiting oxygen index was 26.0
• the dry rubbing fastness was grade 3 and the wet rubbing fastness was grade 3
• the afterflame time and afterglow time were 0 second
• the initial water absorption was 1.0 seconds
• the water absorption performance after 10 washing cycles was 1.0 seconds
• the residual disperse dyestuff in the polyester fiber was 0.1% o.w.f.
• the residual cationic dyestuff in the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber was 4.6% o.w.f. Evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
• the obtained dyed fabric was excellent in heat resistance and flame resistance, and had particularly good color uniformity of fibers, excellent appearance quality, and excellent fastness.
• the dyed fabric was manufactured as in Example 6 except that a sweat absorbing processing agent for polyester was not used in the disperse dyeing condition.
• the woven fabric density was 63 ends per inch and 55 picks per inch
• the limiting oxygen index was 26.0
• the dry rubbing fastness was grade 3
• the wet rubbing fastness was grade 3
• the afterflame time and afterglow time were 0 second
• the initial water absorption was 10.0 seconds
• the water absorption performance after 10 washing cycles was 15.0 seconds
• the residual disperse dyestuff in the polyester fiber was 0.18% o.w.f.
• the residual cationic dyestuff in the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber was 4.6% o.w.f. Evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
• the obtained dyed fabric was excellent in heat resistance and flame resistance, and had particularly good color uniformity of fibers, excellent appearance quality, and excellent fastness.
• the dyed fabric was manufactured as in Example 6 except that the concentration of the disperse dyestuff was changed to 3.0% o.w.f. in the dyeing condition.
• the woven fabric density was 63 ends per inch and 55 picks per inch
• the limiting oxygen index was 26.0
• the dry rubbing fastness was grade 2 and the wet rubbing fastness was grade 2
• the afterflame time and afterglow time were 0 second
• the initial water absorption performance was 1.0 seconds
• the water absorption performance after 10 washing cycles was 1.0 seconds
• the residual disperse dyestuff in the polyester fiber was 2.5% o.w.f.
• the residual cationic dyestuff in the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber was 4.5% o.w.f. Evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

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