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EP3983157B1 - Method and device for splitting an electrically conductive liquid - Google Patents

Method and device for splitting an electrically conductive liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3983157B1
EP3983157B1 EP20757855.0A EP20757855A EP3983157B1 EP 3983157 B1 EP3983157 B1 EP 3983157B1 EP 20757855 A EP20757855 A EP 20757855A EP 3983157 B1 EP3983157 B1 EP 3983157B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid jet
jet
liquid
inert gas
mhz
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP20757855.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3983157A1 (en
Inventor
Henrik Franz
Sergejs SPITANS
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ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH
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ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0824Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0836Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with electric or magnetic field or induction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/084Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid combination of methods
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0844Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid in controlled atmosphere
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for dividing, i.e. for atomizing or spraying, an electrically conductive liquid.
  • the atomizing or spraying of the electrically conductive liquid serves to divide the electrically conductive liquid into microdroplets.
  • the method and the device according to the invention can be used to produce high-purity spherical metal powders by atomizing or spraying a melt jet.
  • Methods and devices known from the prior art for producing atomized microdroplets are often based on inert gas atomization of a liquid or liquefied material. In practice, these methods are known in particular from the field of metal powder production.
  • a melt jet of a metal or metal alloy melt is provided and atomized by means of an inert gas applied through an inert gas nozzle.
  • a disadvantage of such metal powder production processes is the high consumption of inert gas and the associated high operating costs.
  • the US 2007/057416 A1 relates to methods and apparatus for processing molten materials.
  • the EP 0 427 379 A2 relates to a process for producing titanium particles.
  • the CN 109 351 982 A relates to a process for the continuous production of copper-chromium alloy powder.
  • the CN 108 941 590 A relates to a plant for melting titanium alloy atomizing powder and a method for producing the same.
  • the US 2016/052060 A1 relates to a metallurgical system for the production of metals and metal alloys.
  • the EP 2 418 035 A2 relates to an apparatus and method for pure, rapidly solidified alloys.
  • the US 4 925 103 A relates to a magnetic field generating nozzle for atomizing a molten metal stream into a particle spray.
  • the method according to the invention for dividing an electrically conductive liquid, in particular a melt jet comprises the step of providing the electrically conductive liquid which moves in the form of a liquid jet in a first direction.
  • the division refers to the atomization or spraying of the electrically conductive liquid.
  • the liquid jet here refers to a continuous liquid jet or at least a series of liquid drops in close succession.
  • the liquid jet moves essentially along a jet center axis of the liquid jet in the first direction.
  • the electrically conductive liquid can be a metal or metal alloy melt that is provided in the form of a melt jet.
  • the method and the device according to the invention are not limited to the atomization of metal melts, but can be used to atomize any electrically conductive liquid that can be influenced by means of electromagnetic traveling fields.
  • a further step of the method according to the invention is the generation of high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields surrounding the liquid jet, which travel in the first direction and accelerate the liquid jet in the first direction, whereby the liquid jet is atomized.
  • the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields traveling in the first direction can, due to their arrangement around the circumference of the liquid jet, accelerate the outer layers of the liquid jet more strongly than the inner layers of the liquid jet.
  • the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields generate Lorentz forces with strong tangential components in the outer layers of the liquid jet, which accelerate the outer layers in particular and essentially.
  • This creates a critical velocity profile with a large velocity gradient in the liquid jet which can be represented in the longitudinal section as a U-shaped velocity profile in the liquid jet.
  • a velocity profile of a laminar pipe flow can be essentially reversed into the U-shaped velocity profile.
  • the pressure within the liquid jet is increased abruptly or suddenly compared to the pressure surrounding the liquid jet, so that the liquid jet breaks up or is atomized/atomized due to the pressure difference. Atomization or spraying causes the liquid jet to break down into ligaments, thus producing the desired microparticles. In addition to the increase in pressure within the liquid jet, the liquid jet can also overheat.
  • the process according to the invention can atomize a homogeneous liquid jet, for example a melt jet, using high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields. No inert gas needs to be introduced for this, which can reduce the operating costs of the process.
  • the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields can have an alternating current frequency of at least 0.1 MHz, preferably at least 1 MHz, more preferably at least 10 MHz, even more preferably at least 100 MHz.
  • the electromagnetic traveling fields can have an alternating current frequency between 0.1 MHz and 100 MHz.
  • the alternating current frequency can be adjustable according to the further process parameters, in particular depending on the material of the liquid jet to be atomized and/or the size of the microparticles or microdroplets to be produced.
  • the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields can be generated by means of a coil arrangement with at least one pole pair, preferably with a plurality of pole pairs.
  • the coil arrangement can comprise at least two pole pairs, more preferably with at least three pole pairs, even more preferably at least four or more pole pairs.
  • the pole pairs can each be arranged along the beam center axis parallel to the adjacent pole pairs.
  • the coil arrangement can be controlled such that the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields travel in the first direction, i.e. that they move essentially in the first direction.
  • a further step of the method can be the generation of a gas flow surrounding the liquid jet, which moves essentially in the first direction and additionally accelerates the liquid jet in the first direction.
  • Inert gas for example argon
  • the gas can have a high pressure, for example between 0 Pa and 10 MPa, preferably between 0.1 MPa and 5 MPa.
  • the gas flow can be generated by means of an inert gas nozzle.
  • the gas flow can act on the liquid jet in the form of a superimposed acceleration in addition to and together with the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields.
  • the gas flow can accelerate the liquid jet simultaneously towards, temporally and/or spatially before and/or temporally and/or spatially after the coil arrangement.
  • the gas flow acts on the liquid jet via shear stresses.
  • the critical speed profile (U-speed profile) and thus the high internal pressure in the liquid jet are thus established by means of the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields and by means of the gas flow, whereby the liquid jet is effectively atomized.
  • the gas consumption can also be reduced in this embodiment compared to conventional atomization processes, since the atomization is not caused by the gas flow alone, but together with the electromagnetic traveling fields.
  • the inert gas nozzle can be a Laval nozzle.
  • the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields can be generated by means of a coil arrangement integrated into the inert gas nozzle.
  • the liquid jet can be accelerated essentially simultaneously by means of the gas flow and by means of the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields.
  • the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields can be generated by means of a coil arrangement arranged upstream or downstream of the inert gas nozzle along the jet center axis.
  • the accelerations of the liquid jet by the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields and the gas flow act at least partially one after the other on the liquid jet or the at least partially already atomized liquid jet.
  • the liquid jet can be atomized by means of a further gas flow introduced via a ring nozzle.
  • This further gas flow can act in a pulse-like or impact-like manner on the liquid jet or the at least partially already atomized liquid jet.
  • Inert gas such as argon, can also be used as the gas for this purpose.
  • the ring nozzle can be arranged downstream of the coil arrangement, viewed along the jet center axis.
  • the ring nozzle can be arranged downstream of the inert gas nozzle, viewed along the jet center axis.
  • the process can in particular be an EIGA process (EIGA, English: “Electrode Induction Melting (Inert) Gas Atomization”) or be usable in an EIGA process.
  • the process can be a VIGA process (VIGA, English: “Vacuum Induction Melting combined with Inert Gas Atomization"), a PIGA process (PIGA, English: “Plasma Melting Induction Guiding Gas Atomization”), a CCIM process (CCIM, English: “Cold Crucible Induction Melting”) or another process for producing powder.
  • the liquid jet can be generated in particular by melting a vertically suspended, rotating electrode using a conical induction coil.
  • the electrode can be continuously moved in the direction of the induction coil in order to be melted or melted without contact.
  • the rotational movement of the electrode around its own longitudinal axis can ensure uniform melting of the electrode.
  • the melting of the electrode and the atomization of the melt jet generated thereby can take place under vacuum or under an inert gas atmosphere in order to avoid undesirable reactions of the melted material, for example with oxygen.
  • the EIGA process can be used for the ceramic-free production of high-purity metal or precious metal powders. such as for the production of powders from titanium, zirconium, niobium and tantalum alloys.
  • the method can further comprise the step of cooling the atomized liquid jet to produce solidified, in particular spherical, particles.
  • the cooling can take place under local cooling conditions.
  • the cooling can also be actively influenced by a cooling device integrated in a collecting container.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to a device for dividing an electrically conductive liquid, in particular a melt jet.
  • the device comprises a liquid source for providing a liquid jet of the electrically conductive liquid moving in a first direction and a coil arrangement with at least one pole pair, which is arranged downstream of the liquid source in relation to the direction of movement of the liquid jet and coaxially to the liquid jet with respect to a jet center axis.
  • the coil arrangement is designed to generate high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields that surround the liquid jet and travel in the first direction in order to accelerate the liquid jet in the first direction by means of the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields and thereby atomize the liquid jet.
  • the device can be designed to carry out the method described above for dividing the electrically conductive liquid.
  • the coil arrangement for generating the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields can comprise a plurality of pole pairs.
  • the coil arrangement can comprise at least two pole pairs, more preferably at least three pole pairs, even more preferably at least four or more pole pairs.
  • the pole pairs of a plurality of pole pairs can each be arranged along the jet center axis of the liquid jet parallel to the neighboring pole pairs.
  • the coil arrangement can be controlled in such a way that the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields travel at a predetermined speed in the first direction, i.e. that they move at the predetermined speed essentially in the first direction.
  • the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields can have an alternating current frequency of at least 0.1 MHz, preferably at least 1 MHz, more preferably at least 10 MHz, even more preferably at least 100 MHz.
  • the electromagnetic traveling fields can have an alternating current frequency between 0.1 MHz and 100 MHz.
  • the alternating current frequency can be determined in accordance with the other process parameters can be set or adjustable, in particular depending on the material of the liquid jet to be atomized and/or the size of the microparticles or microdroplets to be produced.
  • the device can comprise an inert gas nozzle which is designed to generate a gas flow surrounding the liquid jet and moving substantially in the first direction in order to additionally accelerate the liquid jet in the first direction by means of the gas flow.
  • the gas flow can be an inert gas flow, wherein argon, for example, can be used as the inert gas.
  • the gas flow can be generated by means of an inert gas nozzle in the form of a Laval nozzle.
  • the coil arrangement can be arranged or integrated in the inert gas nozzle.
  • the coil arrangement and the inert gas nozzle can be arranged coaxially to one another.
  • the liquid jet can be accelerated essentially simultaneously by means of the gas flow and by means of the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields.
  • the coil arrangement can be located upstream or downstream of the inert gas nozzle, viewed along the jet center axis.
  • the accelerations of the liquid jet by the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields and the gas flow act at least partially one after the other on the liquid jet or the at least partially already atomized liquid jet.
  • the gas flow can act on the liquid jet in the form of a superimposed acceleration in addition to and together with the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields due to the arrangement of the inert gas nozzle.
  • the critical speed profile in the liquid jet can thus be adjusted using the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields and the gas flow in order to effectively atomize the liquid jet.
  • the gas consumption can also be reduced in this embodiment compared to conventional atomization devices, since the atomization can be effected not only by the gas flow but also together with the electromagnetic traveling fields.
  • the device can comprise a ring nozzle, wherein the ring nozzle is designed to additionally atomize the liquid jet by means of a further gas flow introduced via the ring nozzle.
  • the ring nozzle can be designed to additionally atomize the liquid jet or the at least partially already atomized liquid jet by means of a pulse-like gas flow onto the liquid jet or the at least partially already atomized liquid jet. to atomize further.
  • Inert gas can also be used for this, for example argon.
  • the ring nozzle can be positioned downstream of the coil arrangement along the blasting center axis.
  • the ring nozzle can be positioned downstream of the inert gas nozzle along the blasting center axis.
  • these two nozzles can be formed in a nozzle arrangement.
  • the nozzle arrangement can be in one piece.
  • the quality and/or particle size of the powder to be produced can be influenced by the interaction and settings of the coil arrangement, the inert gas nozzle and the ring nozzle.
  • the liquid source can be a melt jet source, in particular in the form of an electrode.
  • the liquid jet can be a melt jet of melted electrode material.
  • the electrode can be a vertically suspended, rotatable electrode.
  • the electrode can comprise or consist of: titanium, a titanium alloy, a zirconium-, niobium-, nickel- or tantalum-based alloy, a precious metal or a precious metal alloy, a copper or aluminum alloy, a special metal or a special metal alloy.
  • the electrode can have a diameter of more than 50 mm and up to 150 mm and a length of more than 500 mm and up to 1000 mm.
  • the device can comprise a conical induction coil arranged coaxially to the electrode and in the region of a lower end of the electrode, which is designed to melt the electrode in order to generate the melt jet.
  • the electrode can be continuously displaced in the direction of the induction coil.
  • the electrode and the induction coil can be arranged in a housing subjected to a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere.
  • the device can comprise an atomization tower for cooling and solidifying the atomized liquid jet.
  • This atomization tower can be connected to the housing and also be subjected to a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere.
  • the coil arrangement and, if present, the inert gas nozzle can also be arranged in the housing in the area of the connection to the atomization tower.
  • the atomization tower can be provided with a cooling device in order to actively cool the atomized liquid jet and thus specifically influence the particle formation.
  • the device may be an EIGA system or be installable in an EIGA system.
  • Fig. 1 shows a section of a liquid jet 10 of an electrically conductive liquid in a longitudinal section.
  • the liquid jet 10 is a substantially continuous melt jet of a molten metal.
  • the liquid jet 10 moves from a liquid source (not shown) in a first direction 12 along its jet center axis A.
  • the liquid jet 10 falls from top to bottom due to the force of gravity.
  • the liquid jet 10 passes through a device 20 according to the invention for atomizing the liquid jet 10.
  • the device 20 comprises a coil arrangement 22 with three pole pairs 24A, 24B, 24C. It is understood that in alternative embodiments the coil arrangement can have more or fewer than three pole pairs.
  • the coil arrangement 22 is arranged downstream of the liquid source (not shown) in the direction of movement and the windings are arranged parallel to one another and coaxially to the liquid jet 10.
  • the individual pole pairs 24A, 24B, 24C can be controlled one after the other in such a way that phase changes ⁇ i and thereby high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields are generated.
  • the sequence of phase changes ⁇ i is illustrated by the numbering ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 shown.
  • the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields can, for example, have an alternating current frequency between 0.1 and 100 MHz.
  • the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields also move in the first direction 12 due to the phase change ⁇ i .
  • Lorentz forces 26 with strong tangential components generated by the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields act essentially on outer layers of the liquid jet 10 and additionally accelerate them in the first direction 12.
  • outer layers of the liquid jet 10 are accelerated more strongly than inner layers of the liquid jet 10, resulting in a critical velocity profile with a large velocity gradient in the liquid jet.
  • the velocities prevailing in the jet path of the liquid jet which illustrate the velocity profiles within the liquid jet, are shown by the arrows v m , with longer arrows indicating higher velocities and shorter arrows indicating lower velocities (for reasons of clarity, only one arrow is provided with the reference symbol v m ).
  • the critical velocity profile at the exit of the liquid jet 10 from the coil arrangement 22 appears as a U-shaped velocity profile 28.
  • the large velocity gradient within the liquid jet 10 increases the pressure within the liquid jet 10. This results in a large pressure difference between the high pressure within the liquid jet 10 and a much lower pressure surrounding the liquid jet. Due to the pressure difference, the liquid jet 10 breaks down into ligaments, i.e. the liquid jet 10 is atomized into microparticles.
  • the microparticles can, for example, have an average particle size or an average particle diameter dso of between 20 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m.
  • Fig. 2 shows a section of a melt jet 110 of a metal melt in a longitudinal section.
  • the liquid jet 110 is atomized by means of an inert gas atomization process or a Laval atomization.
  • the melt jet 110 passes through an opening of an inert gas nozzle 120 in order to reach an atomization tower (not shown).
  • the critical velocity profile in the melt jet 110 is determined at the rate shown in Fig. 2
  • the inert gas flow 122 is generated by means of an inert gas flow 122 in the method shown.
  • the inert gas flow 122 flows through the inert gas nozzle 120 into the atomization tower at a high speed v g . Since the melt jet 110 passes through the middle of the inert gas nozzle 120, the inert gas flow 122 surrounds the melt jet 110 and acts on the outer layers of the melt jet 110 via shear stresses. The outer layers of the melt jet 110 are thereby accelerated more strongly in the first direction 12 than the inner layers of the melt jet 110. This creates a critical speed profile 128 within the melt jet 110 and results in a Atomization of the melt jet 110 after exiting the inert gas nozzle 120 or after entering the connected atomization tower.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the functioning of the method according to the invention in an EIGA process or a section of a sectional view of the device 20 according to the invention in an EIGA system 200.
  • the same components and features are identified by the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1 provided.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the invention which combines the features described in the Figures 1 and 2 This results in surprising synergy effects that can lead to further improved atomization.
  • the coil arrangement 22 and the inert gas nozzle 30 are arranged coaxially to one another, with the coil arrangement 22 enclosing the inert gas nozzle 30 or the interior of the inert gas nozzle 30.
  • An inert gas stream 32 flows over the inert gas nozzle 30, which accelerates the liquid jet 10 consisting of several successive drops in a laminar manner (analogous to Fig. 2 ).
  • This laminar acceleration through the inert gas nozzle 30 or through the intergas stream 32 (analogous to Fig. 2 ) is generated by an electromagnetic acceleration of the electrically conductive liquid jet 10 by the coil arrangement 22 (analogous to Fig. 1 ) superimposed.
  • Both accelerations act together on the liquid jet 10 in such a way that it is accelerated in the first direction 12. These superimposed accelerations cause the formation of a critical, U-shaped velocity profile in the liquid jet 10, corresponding to the velocity profiles of the Figures 1 and 2
  • the large velocity gradient generated within the liquid jet 10 increases the pressure within the liquid jet 10, resulting in a large pressure difference between the high pressure within the liquid jet 10 and a much lower pressure surrounding the liquid jet. Due to the pressure difference, the liquid jet 10 breaks down into ligaments, i.e. the liquid jet 10 is atomized into microparticles.
  • the liquid jet 10 is generated by the so-called EIGA method.
  • an EIGA coil 40 or an induction coil 40 is arranged in front of the arrangement of coil arrangement 22 and inert gas nozzle 30.
  • the induction coil 40 is arranged coaxially to the coil arrangement 22 and the inert gas nozzle 30.
  • the induction coil 40 is tapered when viewed in the first direction 12, ie it has a decreasing diameter when viewed in the first direction 12.
  • an electrode 42 Coaxial to the induction coil 40 and at least partially upstream of it is an electrode 42 which is melted by means of the induction coil 40 in order to generate the liquid jet 10.
  • the electrode shown can consist, for example, of titanium, a titanium alloy, a zirconium-, niobium-, nickel- or tantalum-based alloy, a precious metal or a precious metal alloy, a copper or aluminum alloy, a special metal or a special metal alloy.
  • the electrode 42 is suspended at an upper end (not shown) and can be axially displaced in the first direction, i.e. in the direction of the arrangement of the coil arrangement 22 and the inert gas nozzle 30. The electrode 42 can thus be continuously adjusted while the electrode 42 is melting.
  • a ring nozzle 50 Downstream of the arrangement of coil arrangement 22 and inert gas nozzle 30 is a ring nozzle 50, via which a further inert gas stream 52 can be introduced into the overall arrangement.
  • the further inert gas stream 52 impinges on the liquid jet 10 emerging from the arrangement of coil arrangement 22 and inert gas nozzle 30 in a pulse-like or impact-like manner.
  • the emerging liquid jet 10 can already be at least partially atomized when the further inert gas stream 52 impinges on the ring nozzle 50.
  • the impact of the further inert gas stream 52 on the liquid jet 10 or the at least partially already atomized liquid jet 10 causes it to be further atomized.
  • the coil arrangement 22, the inert gas nozzle (Laval nozzle) 30 and the ring nozzle 50 can be designed in the form of a common device 20.
  • the device 20 can, for example, be in one piece.
  • the in Fig. 3 The overall arrangement shown can be followed by an atomization tower for cooling and solidifying the atomized liquid jet, which is only indicated here and not shown in full.
  • the atomization tower can comprise a collecting container for collecting the solidified powder.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention can, in a further development, also comprise a combination of a device with a coil arrangement and an annular nozzle, without an inert gas nozzle.

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  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Zerteilen, d.h. zum Zerstäuben bzw. Verdüsen, einer elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeit. Das Zerstäuben bzw. Verdüsen der elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeit dient dazu, die elektrisch leitfähige Flüssigkeit in Mikrotropfen zu zerteilen. Insbesondere kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von hochreinen sphärischen Metallpulvern durch Zerstäuben bzw. Verdüsen eines Schmelzstrahls eingesetzt werden.The present invention relates to a method and a device for dividing, i.e. for atomizing or spraying, an electrically conductive liquid. The atomizing or spraying of the electrically conductive liquid serves to divide the electrically conductive liquid into microdroplets. In particular, the method and the device according to the invention can be used to produce high-purity spherical metal powders by atomizing or spraying a melt jet.

Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the invention

Aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Erzeugen von zerstäubten Mikrotropfen basieren häufig auf einer Inertgasverdüsung eines flüssigen bzw. verflüssigten Materials. Aus der Praxis sind diese Verfahren insbesondere aus dem Gebiet der Metallpulverherstellung bekannt. Hierbei wird ein Schmelzstrahl einer Metall- oder Metalllegierungsschmelze bereitgestellt und mittels eines durch eine Inertgasdüse aufgebrachten Inertgases zerstäubt.Methods and devices known from the prior art for producing atomized microdroplets are often based on inert gas atomization of a liquid or liquefied material. In practice, these methods are known in particular from the field of metal powder production. Here, a melt jet of a metal or metal alloy melt is provided and atomized by means of an inert gas applied through an inert gas nozzle.

Ein Nachteil solcher Metallpulverherstellungsverfahren ist der hohe Verbrauch an Inertgas und damit verbundene hohe Betriebskosten.A disadvantage of such metal powder production processes is the high consumption of inert gas and the associated high operating costs.

Die US 2007/057416 A1 betrifft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verarbeitung geschmolzener Materialien.The US 2007/057416 A1 relates to methods and apparatus for processing molten materials.

Die EP 0 427 379 A2 betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Titanpartikeln.The EP 0 427 379 A2 relates to a process for producing titanium particles.

Die CN 109 351 982 A betrifft ein Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Kupfer-Chrom-Legierungspulver.The CN 109 351 982 A relates to a process for the continuous production of copper-chromium alloy powder.

Die CN 108 941 590 A betrifft eine Anlage zum Schmelzen von Titanlegierungs-Zerstäubungs-pulver und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung.The CN 108 941 590 A relates to a plant for melting titanium alloy atomizing powder and a method for producing the same.

Die US 2016/052060 A1 betrifft ein metallurgisches System zur Herstellung von Metallen und Metalllegierungen.The US 2016/052060 A1 relates to a metallurgical system for the production of metals and metal alloys.

Die EP 2 418 035 A2 betrifft eine Vorrichtung und Verfahren für reine, schnell verfestigte Legie-rungen.The EP 2 418 035 A2 relates to an apparatus and method for pure, rapidly solidified alloys.

Die US 4 925 103 A betrifft eine Magnetfelderzeugende Düse zum Zerstäuben eines geschmol-zenen Metallstroms in einen Teilchenspray.The US 4 925 103 A relates to a magnetic field generating nozzle for atomizing a molten metal stream into a particle spray.

Die Veröffentlichung Ninagawa Shingo ET AL: "Electromagnetic Atomization of Molten Metals", ISIJ International, Seiten 968-972, XP055821080, DOI: 10.2355/isijinternational.31.968 betrifft ein Zerstäubungsverfahren für geschmolzenes Metall.The publication Ninagawa Shingo ET AL: "Electromagnetic Atomization of Molten Metals", ISIJ International, pages 968-972, XP055821080, DOI: 10.2355/isijinternational.31.968 concerns a process for atomizing molten metal.

Es ist daher eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die Nachteile aus dem Stand der Technik zu überwinden. Insbesondere besteht eine Aufgabe der Erfindung darin, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Zerteilen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeit, insbesondere eines Schmelzstrahls, bereitzustellen, die eine Verringerung der Betriebskosten ermöglichen.It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a method and a device for dividing an electrically conductive liquid, in particular a melt jet, which enable a reduction in operating costs.

Die Aufgaben werden durch ein Verfahren und durch eine Vorrichtung zum Zerteilen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeit gemäß den unabhängigen Patentansprüchen gelöst. Weiterbildungen und Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens und der Vorrichtung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche und der nachstehenden Beschreibung.The objects are achieved by a method and by a device for dividing an electrically conductive liquid according to the independent patent claims. Further developments and embodiments of the method and the device are the subject of the dependent claims and the description below.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the Invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Zerteilen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeit, insbesondere eines Schmelzstrahls, umfasst den Schritt des Bereitstellens der elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeit, die sich in Form eines Flüssigkeitsstrahls in einer ersten Richtung bewegt.The method according to the invention for dividing an electrically conductive liquid, in particular a melt jet, comprises the step of providing the electrically conductive liquid which moves in the form of a liquid jet in a first direction.

Das Zerteilen bezeichnet im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung das Zerstäuben oder Verdüsen der elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeit. Der Flüssigkeitsstrahl bezeichnet hier einen kontinuierlichen Flüssigkeitsstrahl oder zumindest eine Reihung von nah aufeinanderfolgenden Flüssigkeitstropfen. Der Flüssigkeitsstrahl bewegt sich im Wesentlichen entlang einer Strahlmittelachse des Flüssigkeitsstrahls in der ersten Richtung. Insbesondere kann die elektrisch leitfähige Flüssigkeit eine Metall- oder Metalllegierungsschmelze sein, die in Form eines Schmelzstrahls bereitgestellt wird. Jedoch sind das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung nicht auf die Zerstäubung von Metallschmelzen beschränkt, sondern können zum Zerstäuben einer beliebigen elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeit eingesetzt werden, welche mittels elektromagnetischer Wanderfelder beeinflussbar sind.In the context of the present invention, the division refers to the atomization or spraying of the electrically conductive liquid. The liquid jet here refers to a continuous liquid jet or at least a series of liquid drops in close succession. The liquid jet moves essentially along a jet center axis of the liquid jet in the first direction. In particular, the electrically conductive liquid can be a metal or metal alloy melt that is provided in the form of a melt jet. However, the method and the device according to the invention are not limited to the atomization of metal melts, but can be used to atomize any electrically conductive liquid that can be influenced by means of electromagnetic traveling fields.

Ein weiterer Schritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist das Erzeugen von den Flüssigkeitsstrahl umgebenden hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfeldern, die in der ersten Richtung wandern und den Flüssigkeitsstrahl in der ersten Richtung beschleunigen, wodurch der Flüssigkeitsstrahl zerstäubt wird.A further step of the method according to the invention is the generation of high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields surrounding the liquid jet, which travel in the first direction and accelerate the liquid jet in the first direction, whereby the liquid jet is atomized.

Genauer gesagt können die in die erste Richtung wandernden hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder, aufgrund deren Anordnung umfänglich um den Flüssigkeitsstrahl, außenliegende Schichten des Flüssigkeitsstrahls stärker beschleunigen als innenliegende Schichten des Flüssigkeitsstrahls. Die hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder erzeugen nämlich Lorentz-Kräfte starken tangentialen Komponenten in den außenliegenden Schichten des Flüssigkeitsstrahls, die insbesondere und im Wesentlichen die außenliegenden Schichten beschleunigen. Hierdurch stellt sich ein kritisches Geschwindigkeitsprofil mit einem großen Geschwindigkeitsgradienten in dem Flüssigkeitsstrahl ein, welches sich im Längsschnitt als U-förmiges Geschwindigkeitsprofil in dem Flüssigkeitsstrahl darstellen kann. Insbesondere kann hier ein Geschwindigkeitsprofil einer laminaren Rohrströmung im Wesentlichen in das U-förmige Geschwindigkeitsprofil umgekehrt werden. Der Druck innerhalb des Flüssigkeitsstrahls wird gegenüber einem den Flüssigkeitsstrahl umgebenden Druck abrupt bzw. schlagartig erhöht, so dass der Flüssigkeitsstrahl aufgrund des Druckunterschieds zerfällt bzw. zerstäubt/verdüst wird. Das Zerstäuben bzw. Verdüsen führt zu einem Zerfall des Flüssigkeitsstrahls in Ligamente und erzeugt so die gewünschten Mikropartikel. Zusätzlich zu der Druckerhöhung innerhalb des Flüssigkeitsstrahls kann es auch zu einer Überhitzung des Flüssigkeitsstrahls kommen.More precisely, the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields traveling in the first direction can, due to their arrangement around the circumference of the liquid jet, accelerate the outer layers of the liquid jet more strongly than the inner layers of the liquid jet. The high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields generate Lorentz forces with strong tangential components in the outer layers of the liquid jet, which accelerate the outer layers in particular and essentially. This creates a critical velocity profile with a large velocity gradient in the liquid jet, which can be represented in the longitudinal section as a U-shaped velocity profile in the liquid jet. In particular, a velocity profile of a laminar pipe flow can be essentially reversed into the U-shaped velocity profile. The pressure within the liquid jet is increased abruptly or suddenly compared to the pressure surrounding the liquid jet, so that the liquid jet breaks up or is atomized/atomized due to the pressure difference. Atomization or spraying causes the liquid jet to break down into ligaments, thus producing the desired microparticles. In addition to the increase in pressure within the liquid jet, the liquid jet can also overheat.

Im Unterschied zu herkömmlichen Zerstäubungsverfahren kann durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ein homogener Flüssigkeitsstrahl, beispielsweise ein Schmelzstrahl, mittels hochfrequenter elektromagnetischer Wanderfelder zerstäubt werden. Hierfür ist kein einzubringendes Inertgas erforderlich, wodurch die Betriebskosten des Verfahrens reduziert werden können.In contrast to conventional atomization processes, the process according to the invention can atomize a homogeneous liquid jet, for example a melt jet, using high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields. No inert gas needs to be introduced for this, which can reduce the operating costs of the process.

In einer Weiterbildung können die hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder eine Wechselstrom-Frequenz von wenigstens 0,1 MHz, vorzugsweise wenigstens 1 MHz, weiter bevorzugt von wenigstens 10 MHz, noch weiter bevorzugt von wenigstens 100 MHz aufweisen. Beispielsweise können die elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder eine Wechselstrom-Frequenz zwischen 0,1 MHz und 100 MHz aufweisen. Die Wechselstromfrequenz kann nach Maßgabe der weiteren Verfahrensparameter einstellbar sein, insbesondere in Abhängigkeit des Materials des zu zerstäubenden Flüssigkeitsstrahls und/oder der Größe der zu erzeugenden Mikropartikel bzw. Mikrotropfen.In a further development, the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields can have an alternating current frequency of at least 0.1 MHz, preferably at least 1 MHz, more preferably at least 10 MHz, even more preferably at least 100 MHz. For example, the electromagnetic traveling fields can have an alternating current frequency between 0.1 MHz and 100 MHz. The alternating current frequency can be adjustable according to the further process parameters, in particular depending on the material of the liquid jet to be atomized and/or the size of the microparticles or microdroplets to be produced.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform können die hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder mittels einer Spulenanordnung mit wenigstens einem Polpaar, vorzugsweise mit einer Mehrzahl von Polpaaren erzeugt werden. Beispielsweise kann die Spulenanordnung wenigstens zwei Polpaare, weiter bevorzugt mit wenigstens drei Polpaaren, noch weiter bevorzugt wenigstens vier oder mehr Poolpaare umfassen. Im Falle einer Spulenanordnung mit einer Mehrzahl Polpaaren, können die Polpaare jeweils von entlang der Strahlmittelachse parallel zu den benachbarten Polpaaren angeordnet sein. Die Spulenanordnung kann so angesteuert werden, dass die hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder in der ersten Richtung wandern, d.h. dass diese sich im Wesentlichen in der ersten Richtung bewegen.According to one embodiment, the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields can be generated by means of a coil arrangement with at least one pole pair, preferably with a plurality of pole pairs. For example, the coil arrangement can comprise at least two pole pairs, more preferably with at least three pole pairs, even more preferably at least four or more pole pairs. In the case of a coil arrangement with a plurality of pole pairs, the pole pairs can each be arranged along the beam center axis parallel to the adjacent pole pairs. The coil arrangement can be controlled such that the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields travel in the first direction, i.e. that they move essentially in the first direction.

In einer Ausführungsform kann ein weiterer Schritt des Verfahrens das Erzeugen eines den Flüssigkeitsstrahl umgebenden Gasstroms sein, der sich im Wesentlichen in der ersten Richtung bewegt und den Flüssigkeitsstrahl in der ersten Richtung zusätzlich beschleunigt. Als Gas kann vorzugsweise Inertgas verwendet werden, beispielsweise Argon. Das Gas kann einen hohen Druck aufweisen, beispielsweise zwischen 0 Pa und 10 MPa, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,1 MPa und 5 MPa. Der Gasstrom kann mittels einer Inertgasdüse erzeugt werden. Der Gasstrom kann in Form einer überlagernden Beschleunigung zusätzlich zu und gemeinsam mit den hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfeldern auf den Flüssigkeitsstrahl einwirken. Der Gasstrom kann den Flüssigkeitsstrahl gleichzeitig zu, zeitlich und/oder räumlich vor und/oder zeitlich und/oder räumlich nach der Spulenanordnung beschleunigen. Dabei wirkt der Gasstrom über Scherspannungen auf den Flüssigkeitsstrahl ein. Somit stellt sich das kritische Geschwindigkeitsprofil (U-Geschwindigkeitsprofil) und damit der hohe innere Druck in dem Flüssigkeitsstrahl mittels der hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder und mittels des Gasstroms ein, wodurch der Flüssigkeitsstrahl effektiv zerstäubt wird. Trotz eines zusätzlichen Aufbringens eines Gasstroms, kann auch in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel der Gasverbrauch gegenüber herkömmlichen Verdüsungsverfahren reduziert werden, da die Zerstäubung nicht allein durch den Gasstrom, sondern gemeinsam mit den elektromagnetischen Wanderfeldern bewirkt wird.In one embodiment, a further step of the method can be the generation of a gas flow surrounding the liquid jet, which moves essentially in the first direction and additionally accelerates the liquid jet in the first direction. Inert gas, for example argon, can preferably be used as the gas. The gas can have a high pressure, for example between 0 Pa and 10 MPa, preferably between 0.1 MPa and 5 MPa. The gas flow can be generated by means of an inert gas nozzle. The gas flow can act on the liquid jet in the form of a superimposed acceleration in addition to and together with the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields. The gas flow can accelerate the liquid jet simultaneously towards, temporally and/or spatially before and/or temporally and/or spatially after the coil arrangement. The gas flow acts on the liquid jet via shear stresses. The critical speed profile (U-speed profile) and thus the high internal pressure in the liquid jet are thus established by means of the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields and by means of the gas flow, whereby the liquid jet is effectively atomized. Despite the additional application of a gas flow, the gas consumption can also be reduced in this embodiment compared to conventional atomization processes, since the atomization is not caused by the gas flow alone, but together with the electromagnetic traveling fields.

Die Inertgasdüse kann eine Lavaldüse sein.The inert gas nozzle can be a Laval nozzle.

In einer Ausführungsform können die hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder mittels einer in die Inertgasdüse integrierten Spulenanordnung erzeugt werden. In diesem Fall kann der Flüssigkeitsstrahl im Wesentlichen gleichzeitig mittels des Gasstroms und mittels der hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder beschleunigt werden.In one embodiment, the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields can be generated by means of a coil arrangement integrated into the inert gas nozzle. In this case, the liquid jet can be accelerated essentially simultaneously by means of the gas flow and by means of the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields.

In einer Ausführungsform können die hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder mittels einer entlang der Strahlmittelachse der Inertgasdüse vor- oder nachgelagerten Spulenanordnung erzeugt werden. In diesem Fall wirken die Beschleunigungen des Flüssigkeitsstrahls durch die hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder und den Gasstrom zumindest teilweise nacheinander auf den Flüssigkeitsstrahl bzw. den zumindest teilweise bereits zerstäubten Flüssigkeitsstrahl ein.In one embodiment, the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields can be generated by means of a coil arrangement arranged upstream or downstream of the inert gas nozzle along the jet center axis. In this case, the accelerations of the liquid jet by the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields and the gas flow act at least partially one after the other on the liquid jet or the at least partially already atomized liquid jet.

In einer Ausführungsform kann der Flüssigkeitsstrahl mittels eines über eine Ringdüse eingebrachten weiteren Gasstroms zerstäubt werden. Dieser weitere Gasstrom kann impulsartig bzw. prallartig auf den Flüssigkeitsstrahl bzw. den zumindest teilweise bereits zerstäubten Flüssigkeitsstrahl einwirken. Auch hierfür kann als Gas Inertgas verwendet werden, beispielsweise Argon. Die Ringdüse kann entlang der Strahlmittelachse betrachtet der Spulenanordnung nachgelagert sein. Die Ringdüse kann entlang der Strahlmittelachse betrachtet der Inertgasdüse nachgelagert sein.In one embodiment, the liquid jet can be atomized by means of a further gas flow introduced via a ring nozzle. This further gas flow can act in a pulse-like or impact-like manner on the liquid jet or the at least partially already atomized liquid jet. Inert gas, such as argon, can also be used as the gas for this purpose. The ring nozzle can be arranged downstream of the coil arrangement, viewed along the jet center axis. The ring nozzle can be arranged downstream of the inert gas nozzle, viewed along the jet center axis.

Das Verfahren kann insbesondere ein EIGA-Verfahren (EIGA, engl.: "Electrode Induction Melting (Inert) Gas Atomization") sein oder in einem EIGA-Verfahren verwendbar sein. Das Verfahren kann ein VIGA-Verfahren (VIGA, engl.: "Vacuum Induction Melting combined with Inert Gas Atomization"), ein PIGA-Verfahren (PIGA, engl.: "Plasma Melting Induction Guiding Gas Atomization"), ein CCIM-Verfahren (CCIM, engl.: "Cold Crucible Induction Melting") oder ein sonstiges Verfahren zur Pulverherstellung sein.The process can in particular be an EIGA process (EIGA, English: "Electrode Induction Melting (Inert) Gas Atomization") or be usable in an EIGA process. The process can be a VIGA process (VIGA, English: "Vacuum Induction Melting combined with Inert Gas Atomization"), a PIGA process (PIGA, English: "Plasma Melting Induction Guiding Gas Atomization"), a CCIM process (CCIM, English: "Cold Crucible Induction Melting") or another process for producing powder.

Der Flüssigkeitsstrahl kann insbesondere durch Abschmelzen einer vertikal aufgehängten, rotierenden Elektrode mittels einer konischen Induktionsspule erzeugt werden. Hierzu kann die Elektrode kontinuierlich in Richtung der Induktionsspule verlagert werden, um mittels dieser berührungslos an- bzw. abgeschmolzen zu werden. Die Rotationsbewegung der Elektrode um die eigene Längsachse kann für ein gleichförmiges Schmelzen der Elektrode sorgen. Das Abschmelzen der Elektrode und das Zerstäuben des dadurch erzeugten Schmelzstrahls können unter Vakuum oder unter einer Inertgasatmosphäre erfolgen, um ungewünschte Reaktionen des abgeschmolzenen Materials, beispielsweise mit Sauerstoff, zu vermeiden. Das EIGA-Verfahren kann zur keramikfreien Herstellung hochreinen Metall- bzw. Edelmetallpulvern eingesetzt werden, wie beispielsweise zur Herstellung von Pulvern aus Titan-, Zirkonium-, Niob- und Tantallegierungen.The liquid jet can be generated in particular by melting a vertically suspended, rotating electrode using a conical induction coil. To do this, the electrode can be continuously moved in the direction of the induction coil in order to be melted or melted without contact. The rotational movement of the electrode around its own longitudinal axis can ensure uniform melting of the electrode. The melting of the electrode and the atomization of the melt jet generated thereby can take place under vacuum or under an inert gas atmosphere in order to avoid undesirable reactions of the melted material, for example with oxygen. The EIGA process can be used for the ceramic-free production of high-purity metal or precious metal powders. such as for the production of powders from titanium, zirconium, niobium and tantalum alloys.

In einer Weiterbildung kann das Verfahren ferner den Schritt eines Abkühlens des zerstäubten Flüssigkeitsstrahls zum Erzeugen von erstarrten, insbesondere sphärischen, Partikeln umfassen. Die Abkühlung kann dabei unter lokalen Abkühlbedingungen erfolgen. Auch kann das Abkühlen speziell durch eine in einem Auffangbehälter integrierte Kühleinrichtung aktiv beeinflusst werden.In a further development, the method can further comprise the step of cooling the atomized liquid jet to produce solidified, in particular spherical, particles. The cooling can take place under local cooling conditions. The cooling can also be actively influenced by a cooling device integrated in a collecting container.

Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Zerteilen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeit, insbesondere eines Schmelzstrahls. Die Vorrichtung umfasst eine Flüssigkeitsquelle zum Bereitstellen eines sich in einer ersten Richtung bewegenden Flüssigkeitsstrahls der elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeit und eine Spulenanordnung mit wenigstens einem Polpaar, die der Flüssigkeitsquelle in Bezug auf die Bewegungsrichtung des Flüssigkeitsstrahls nachgelagert und bezogen auf eine Strahlmittelachse koaxial zu dem Flüssigkeitsstrahl angeordnet ist. Die Spulenanordnung ist dazu eingerichtet, hochfrequente elektromagnetische Wanderfelder zu erzeugen, die den Flüssigkeitsstrahl umgeben und in der ersten Richtung wandern, um den Flüssigkeitsstrahl mittels der hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder in der ersten Richtung zu beschleunigen und den Flüssigkeitsstrahl dadurch zu zerstäuben.A further aspect of the invention relates to a device for dividing an electrically conductive liquid, in particular a melt jet. The device comprises a liquid source for providing a liquid jet of the electrically conductive liquid moving in a first direction and a coil arrangement with at least one pole pair, which is arranged downstream of the liquid source in relation to the direction of movement of the liquid jet and coaxially to the liquid jet with respect to a jet center axis. The coil arrangement is designed to generate high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields that surround the liquid jet and travel in the first direction in order to accelerate the liquid jet in the first direction by means of the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields and thereby atomize the liquid jet.

Die Vorrichtung kann dazu eingerichtet sein, das vorstehend beschriebene Verfahren zum Zerteilen der elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeit auszuführen.The device can be designed to carry out the method described above for dividing the electrically conductive liquid.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform kann die Spulenanordnung zum Erzeugen der hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder meine Mehrzahl von Polpaaren umfassen. Beispielsweise kann die Spulenanordnung wenigstens zwei Polpaare, weiter bevorzugt mit wenigstens drei Polpaaren, noch weiter bevorzugt wenigstens vier oder mehr Poolpaare umfassen. Die Polpaare einer Mehrzahl von Polpaaren können jeweils von entlang der Strahlmittelachse des Flüssigkeitsstrahls parallel zu den benachbarten Polpaaren angeordnet sein. Die Spulenanordnung kann derart ansteuerbar sein, dass die hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder mit einer vorbestimmten Geschwindigkeit in der ersten Richtung wandern, d.h. dass diese sich mit der vorbestimmten Geschwindigkeit im Wesentlichen in der ersten Richtung bewegen.According to one embodiment, the coil arrangement for generating the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields can comprise a plurality of pole pairs. For example, the coil arrangement can comprise at least two pole pairs, more preferably at least three pole pairs, even more preferably at least four or more pole pairs. The pole pairs of a plurality of pole pairs can each be arranged along the jet center axis of the liquid jet parallel to the neighboring pole pairs. The coil arrangement can be controlled in such a way that the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields travel at a predetermined speed in the first direction, i.e. that they move at the predetermined speed essentially in the first direction.

In einer Weiterbildung können die hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder eine Wechselstrom-Frequenz von wenigstens 0,1 MHz, vorzugsweise wenigstens 1 MHz, weiter bevorzugt von wenigstens 10 MHz, noch weiter bevorzugt von wenigstens 100 MHz aufweisen. Beispielsweise können die elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder eine Wechselstrom-Frequenz zwischen 0,1 MHz und 100 MHz aufweisen. Die Wechselstromfrequenz kann nach Maßgabe der weiteren Verfahrensparameter eingestellt oder einstellbar sein, insbesondere in Abhängigkeit des Materials des zu zerstäubenden Flüssigkeitsstrahls und/oder der Größe der zu erzeugenden Mikropartikel bzw. Mikrotropfen.In a further development, the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields can have an alternating current frequency of at least 0.1 MHz, preferably at least 1 MHz, more preferably at least 10 MHz, even more preferably at least 100 MHz. For example, the electromagnetic traveling fields can have an alternating current frequency between 0.1 MHz and 100 MHz. The alternating current frequency can be determined in accordance with the other process parameters can be set or adjustable, in particular depending on the material of the liquid jet to be atomized and/or the size of the microparticles or microdroplets to be produced.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform kann die Vorrichtung eine Inertgasdüse umfassen, die dazu ausgebildet ist, einen den Flüssigkeitsstrahl umgebenden und sich im Wesentlichen in der ersten Richtung bewegenden Gasstrom zu erzeugen, um den Flüssigkeitsstrahl mittels des Gasstroms in der ersten Richtung zusätzlich zu beschleunigen. Der Gasstrom kann ein Inertgasstrom sein, wobei als Inertgas beispielsweise Argon verwendet werden kann.According to one embodiment, the device can comprise an inert gas nozzle which is designed to generate a gas flow surrounding the liquid jet and moving substantially in the first direction in order to additionally accelerate the liquid jet in the first direction by means of the gas flow. The gas flow can be an inert gas flow, wherein argon, for example, can be used as the inert gas.

Der Gasstrom kann mittels einer Inertgasdüse in Form einer Lavaldüse erzeugt werden.The gas flow can be generated by means of an inert gas nozzle in the form of a Laval nozzle.

In einer Ausführungsform kann die Spulenanordnung in der Inertgasdüse angeordnet bzw. integriert sein. Die Spulenanordnung und die Inertgasdüse können koaxial zueinander angeordnet sein. In diesem Fall kann der Flüssigkeitsstrahl im Wesentlichen gleichzeitig mittels des Gasstroms und mittels der hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder beschleunigt werden.In one embodiment, the coil arrangement can be arranged or integrated in the inert gas nozzle. The coil arrangement and the inert gas nozzle can be arranged coaxially to one another. In this case, the liquid jet can be accelerated essentially simultaneously by means of the gas flow and by means of the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields.

In einer Ausführungsform kann die Spulenanordnung entlang der Strahlmittelachse betrachtet der Inertgasdüse vor- oder nachgelagerten sein. In diesem Fall wirken die Beschleunigungen des Flüssigkeitsstrahls durch die hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder und den Gasstrom zumindest teilweise nacheinander auf den Flüssigkeitsstrahl bzw. den zumindest teilweise bereits zerstäubten Flüssigkeitsstrahl ein.In one embodiment, the coil arrangement can be located upstream or downstream of the inert gas nozzle, viewed along the jet center axis. In this case, the accelerations of the liquid jet by the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields and the gas flow act at least partially one after the other on the liquid jet or the at least partially already atomized liquid jet.

Der Gasstrom kann durch die Anordnung der Inertgasdüse in Form einer überlagernden Beschleunigung zusätzlich zu und gemeinsam mit den hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfeldern auf den Flüssigkeitsstrahl einwirken. Somit kann das kritische Geschwindigkeitsprofil in dem Flüssigkeitsstrahl mittels der hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder und mittels des Gasstroms einstellbar sein, um den Flüssigkeitsstrahl effektiv zu zerstäuben. Trotz eines zusätzlichen Aufbringens eines Gasstroms, kann auch in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel der Gasverbrauch im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Verdüsungsvorrichtungen reduziert werden, da die Zerstäubung nicht allein durch den Gasstrom, sondern gemeinsam mit den elektromagnetischen Wanderfeldern bewirkbar ist.The gas flow can act on the liquid jet in the form of a superimposed acceleration in addition to and together with the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields due to the arrangement of the inert gas nozzle. The critical speed profile in the liquid jet can thus be adjusted using the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields and the gas flow in order to effectively atomize the liquid jet. Despite the additional application of a gas flow, the gas consumption can also be reduced in this embodiment compared to conventional atomization devices, since the atomization can be effected not only by the gas flow but also together with the electromagnetic traveling fields.

In einer Weiterbildung kann die Vorrichtung eine Ringdüse umfassen, wobei die Ringdüse dazu eingerichtet ist, den Flüssigkeitsstrahl mittels eines über die Ringdüse eingebrachten weiteren Gasstroms zusätzlich zu zerstäuben. Die Ringdüse kann dazu eingerichtet sein, den Flüssigkeitsstrahl bzw. den zumindest teilweise bereits zerstäubten Flüssigkeitsstrahl mittels eines impulsartig auf den Flüssigkeitsstrahl bzw. den zumindest teilweise bereits zerstäubten Flüssigkeitsstrahl weiter zu zerstäuben. Auch hierfür kann als Gas Inertgas verwendet werden, beispielsweise Argon. Die Ringdüse kann entlang der Strahlmittelachse betrachtet der Spulenanordnung nachgelagert sein. Die Ringdüse kann entlang der Strahlmittelachse betrachtet der Inertgasdüse nachgelagert sein.In a further development, the device can comprise a ring nozzle, wherein the ring nozzle is designed to additionally atomize the liquid jet by means of a further gas flow introduced via the ring nozzle. The ring nozzle can be designed to additionally atomize the liquid jet or the at least partially already atomized liquid jet by means of a pulse-like gas flow onto the liquid jet or the at least partially already atomized liquid jet. to atomize further. Inert gas can also be used for this, for example argon. The ring nozzle can be positioned downstream of the coil arrangement along the blasting center axis. The ring nozzle can be positioned downstream of the inert gas nozzle along the blasting center axis.

In einer Ausführungsform mit einer Inertgasdüse und einer Ringdüse, können diese beiden Düsen in einer Düsenanordnung ausgebildet sein. Die Düsenanordnung kann einstückig sein.In an embodiment with an inert gas nozzle and an annular nozzle, these two nozzles can be formed in a nozzle arrangement. The nozzle arrangement can be in one piece.

In einer Ausführungsform mit einer Inertgasdüse und einer Ringdüse, kann durch das Zusammenspiel und die Einstellungen der Spulenanordnung, der Inertgasdüse und der Ringdüse die Qualität und/oder die Partikelgröße des herzustellenden Pulvers beeinflusst werden.In an embodiment with an inert gas nozzle and a ring nozzle, the quality and/or particle size of the powder to be produced can be influenced by the interaction and settings of the coil arrangement, the inert gas nozzle and the ring nozzle.

In einer Weiterbildung kann die Flüssigkeitsquelle eine Schmelzstrahlquelle sein, insbesondere in Form einer Elektrode. Der Flüssigkeitsstrahl kann in dieser Weiterbildung ein Schmelzstrahl aus abgeschmolzenem Elektrodenmaterial sein. Die Elektrode kann eine vertikal aufgehängte, drehbare Elektrode sein. Beispielsweise kann die Elektrode umfassen oder bestehen aus: Titan, einer Titanlegierung, einer Legierung auf Zirkonium-, Niob-, Nickel- oder Tantal-Basis, einem Edelmetall oder einer Edelmetalllegierung, einer Kupfer- oder Aluminiumlegierung, einem Spezialmetall oder einer Spezialmetalllegierung. Die Elektrode kann einen Durchmesser von mehr als 50 mm und bis zu 150 mm und eine Länge von mehr als 500 mm und bis zu 1000 mm haben.In a further development, the liquid source can be a melt jet source, in particular in the form of an electrode. In this further development, the liquid jet can be a melt jet of melted electrode material. The electrode can be a vertically suspended, rotatable electrode. For example, the electrode can comprise or consist of: titanium, a titanium alloy, a zirconium-, niobium-, nickel- or tantalum-based alloy, a precious metal or a precious metal alloy, a copper or aluminum alloy, a special metal or a special metal alloy. The electrode can have a diameter of more than 50 mm and up to 150 mm and a length of more than 500 mm and up to 1000 mm.

Ferner kann die Vorrichtung eine koaxial zu der Elektrode und im Bereich eines unteren Endes der Elektrode angeordnete konische Induktionsspule umfassen, die dazu eingerichtet ist, die Elektrode abzuschmelzen, um so den Schmelzstrahl zu erzeugen. Hierzu kann die Elektrode kontinuierlich in Richtung der Induktionsspule verlagerbar sein. Die Elektrode und die Induktionsspule können in einem mit Vakuum oder einer Inertgasatmosphäre beaufschlagten Gehäuse angeordnet sein.Furthermore, the device can comprise a conical induction coil arranged coaxially to the electrode and in the region of a lower end of the electrode, which is designed to melt the electrode in order to generate the melt jet. For this purpose, the electrode can be continuously displaced in the direction of the induction coil. The electrode and the induction coil can be arranged in a housing subjected to a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere.

In einer Weiterbildung kann die Vorrichtung einen Verdüsungsturm zum Abkühlen und Erstarren des zerstäubten Flüssigkeitsstrahls umfassen. Dieser Verdüsungsturm kann mit dem Gehäuse verbunden sein und ebenfalls mit Vakuum oder einer Inertgasatmosphäre beaufschlagt sein. Die Spulenanordnung, und falls vorhanden die Inertgasdüse, können ebenfalls in dem Gehäuse im Bereich der Verbindung mit dem Verdüsungsturm angeordnet sein. Der Verdüsungsturm kann mit einer Kühleinrichtung versehen sein, um den zerstäubten Flüssigkeitsstrahl aktiv zu kühlen und so die Partikelbildung gezielt zu beeinflussen.In a further development, the device can comprise an atomization tower for cooling and solidifying the atomized liquid jet. This atomization tower can be connected to the housing and also be subjected to a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere. The coil arrangement and, if present, the inert gas nozzle can also be arranged in the housing in the area of the connection to the atomization tower. The atomization tower can be provided with a cooling device in order to actively cool the atomized liquid jet and thus specifically influence the particle formation.

Die Vorrichtung kann eine EIGA-Anlage sein oder in einer EIGA-Anlage installierbar sein.The device may be an EIGA system or be installable in an EIGA system.

Obgleich einige Aspekte und Merkmale lediglich in Bezug auf das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beschrieben worden sind, können diese entsprechend für die Vorrichtung sowie Weiterbildungen gelten und umgekehrt.Although some aspects and features have been described only with reference to the method according to the invention, these can apply accordingly to the device and further developments and vice versa.

Kurzbeschreibung der FigurenShort description of the characters

Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung werden nachstehend in Bezug auf die beiliegenden schematischen Figuren näher erläutert. Es stellen dar:

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung der Funktionsweise des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
  • Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung der Funktionsweise eines Verfahrens einer Verdüsung mittels Lavaldüse.
  • Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung der Funktionsweise des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in einem EIGA-Verfahren zeigt.
Embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying schematic figures. They show:
  • Fig. 1 a schematic representation of the functioning of the method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 a schematic representation of the functionality of an atomization process using a Laval nozzle.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the functioning of the method according to the invention in an EIGA process.

Figurenbeschreibungcharacter description

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Ausschnitt eines Flüssigkeitsstrahls 10 einer elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeit in einem Längsschnitt. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Flüssigkeitsstrahl 10 ein im Wesentlichen kontinuierlicher Schmelzstrahl einer Metallschmelze. Der Flüssigkeitsstrahl 10 bewegt sich ausgehend von einer Flüssigkeitsquelle (nicht gezeigt) in einer ersten Richtung 12 entlang seiner Strahlmittelachse A. In der gezeigten Darstellung der Fig.1 fällt der Flüssigkeitsstrahl 10 aufgrund der Gravitationskraft von oben nach unten. Fig. 1 shows a section of a liquid jet 10 of an electrically conductive liquid in a longitudinal section. In the present embodiment, the liquid jet 10 is a substantially continuous melt jet of a molten metal. The liquid jet 10 moves from a liquid source (not shown) in a first direction 12 along its jet center axis A. In the illustration of the Fig.1 the liquid jet 10 falls from top to bottom due to the force of gravity.

Der Flüssigkeitsstrahl 10 tritt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 20 zum Zerstäuben des Flüssigkeitsstrahls 10 hindurch. Die Vorrichtung 20 umfasst in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel eine Spulenanordnung 22 mit drei Polpaaren 24A, 24B, 24C. Es versteht sich, dass die Spulenanordnung in alternativen Ausführungsbeispielen mehr oder weniger als drei Polpaare haben kann. Die Spulenanordnung 22 ist der nicht gezeigten Flüssigkeitsquelle in Bewegungsrichtung betrachtet nachgelagert und die Wicklungen sind parallel zueinander und koaxial zu dem Flüssigkeitsstrahl 10 angeordnet.The liquid jet 10 passes through a device 20 according to the invention for atomizing the liquid jet 10. In the embodiment shown, the device 20 comprises a coil arrangement 22 with three pole pairs 24A, 24B, 24C. It is understood that in alternative embodiments the coil arrangement can have more or fewer than three pole pairs. The coil arrangement 22 is arranged downstream of the liquid source (not shown) in the direction of movement and the windings are arranged parallel to one another and coaxially to the liquid jet 10.

Die einzelnen Polpaare 24A, 24B, 24C sind derart nacheinander ansteuerbar, dass Phasenwechsel ϕi und hierdurch hochfrequente elektromagnetische Wanderfelder erzeugt werden. Die Abfolge der Phasenwechsels ϕi ist beispielhaft durch die gezeigten Nummerierungen ϕ1, ϕ2, ϕ3 veranschaulicht. Die hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder können beispielsweise eine Wechselstrom-Frequenz zwischen 0,1 und 100 MHz aufweisen.The individual pole pairs 24A, 24B, 24C can be controlled one after the other in such a way that phase changes ϕ i and thereby high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields are generated. The sequence of phase changes ϕ i is illustrated by the numbering ϕ 1 , ϕ 2 , ϕ 3 shown. The high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields can, for example, have an alternating current frequency between 0.1 and 100 MHz.

Die hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfelder bewegen sich durch den Phasenwechsel ϕi ebenfalls in der ersten Richtung 12. Durch die Anordnung der Wicklungen der Spulenanordnung 22 um den Flüssigkeitsstrahl 10 herum, wirken von den hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wanderfeldern erzeugte Lorentz-Kräfte 26 mit starken tangentialen Komponenten im Wesentlichen auf außenliegende Schichten des Flüssigkeitsstrahls 10 ein und beschleunigen diese zusätzlich in der ersten Richtung 12. Somit werden außenliegende Schichten des Flüssigkeitsstrahls 10 stärker beschleunigt als innenliegende Schichten des Flüssigkeitsstrahls 10, wodurch sich ein kritisches Geschwindigkeitsprofil mit einem großen Geschwindigkeitsgradienten in dem Flüssigkeitsstrahl einstellt. Die im Strahlenverlauf des Flüssigkeitsstrahls vorherrschenden Geschwindigkeiten, die die Geschwindigkeitsprofile innerhalb des Flüssigkeitsstrahls veranschaulichen, sind durch die Pfeile vm dargestellt, wobei längere Pfeile höhere Geschwindigkeiten und kürzere Pfeile geringere Geschwindigkeiten bedeuten (aus Übersichtsgründen ist nur ein Pfeil mit dem Bezugszeichen vm versehen). Im Längsschnitt zeigt sich das kritische Geschwindigkeitsprofil am Austritt des Flüssigkeitsstrahls 10 aus der Spulenanordnung 22 als U-förmiges Geschwindigkeitsprofil 28. Der große Geschwindigkeitsgradient innerhalb des Flüssigkeitsstrahls 10 erhöht den Druck innerhalb des Flüssigkeitsstrahls 10. Hierdurch kommt es zu einem großen Druckunterschied zwischen dem hohen Druck innerhalb des Flüssigkeitsstrahls 10 und einem den Flüssigkeitsstrahl umgebenden, wesentlich geringeren Druck. Aufgrund des Druckunterschieds kommt es zu einem Zerfall des Flüssigkeitsstrahls 10 in Ligamente, das heißt der Flüssigkeitsstrahl 10 wird in Mikropartikel zerstäubt. Die Mikropartikel können beispielsweise eine mittlere Partikelgröße bzw. einen mittleren Partikeldurchmesser dso zwischen 20 µm und 100 µm haben.The high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields also move in the first direction 12 due to the phase change ϕ i . Due to the arrangement of the windings of the coil arrangement 22 around the liquid jet 10, Lorentz forces 26 with strong tangential components generated by the high-frequency electromagnetic traveling fields act essentially on outer layers of the liquid jet 10 and additionally accelerate them in the first direction 12. Thus, outer layers of the liquid jet 10 are accelerated more strongly than inner layers of the liquid jet 10, resulting in a critical velocity profile with a large velocity gradient in the liquid jet. The velocities prevailing in the jet path of the liquid jet, which illustrate the velocity profiles within the liquid jet, are shown by the arrows v m , with longer arrows indicating higher velocities and shorter arrows indicating lower velocities (for reasons of clarity, only one arrow is provided with the reference symbol v m ). In the longitudinal section, the critical velocity profile at the exit of the liquid jet 10 from the coil arrangement 22 appears as a U-shaped velocity profile 28. The large velocity gradient within the liquid jet 10 increases the pressure within the liquid jet 10. This results in a large pressure difference between the high pressure within the liquid jet 10 and a much lower pressure surrounding the liquid jet. Due to the pressure difference, the liquid jet 10 breaks down into ligaments, i.e. the liquid jet 10 is atomized into microparticles. The microparticles can, for example, have an average particle size or an average particle diameter dso of between 20 µm and 100 µm.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen Ausschnitt eines Schmelzstrahls 110 einer Metallschmelze in einem Längsschnitt. Der Flüssigkeitsstrahl 110 wird mittels eines Inertgasverdüsungsverfahrens bzw. einer Lavalverdüsung zerstäubt. Hierbei tritt der Schmelzstrahl 110 durch eine Öffnung einer Inertgasdüse 120 hindurch, um in einen Verdüsungsturm (nicht gezeigt) zu gelangen. Fig. 2 shows a section of a melt jet 110 of a metal melt in a longitudinal section. The liquid jet 110 is atomized by means of an inert gas atomization process or a Laval atomization. The melt jet 110 passes through an opening of an inert gas nozzle 120 in order to reach an atomization tower (not shown).

Im Gegensatz zu dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Verfahren, wird das kritische Geschwindigkeitsprofil in dem Schmelzstrahls 110 bei dem in Fig. 2 gezeigten Verfahren mittels eines Inertgasstroms 122 erzeugt. Der Inertgasstrom 122 strömt über die Inertgasdüse 120 mit einer hohen Geschwindigkeit vg in den Verdüsungsturm. Da der Schmelzstrahl 110 mittig durch die Inertgasdüse 120 hindurchtritt, umgibt der Inertgasstrom 122 den Schmelzstrahl 110 und wirkt über Scherspannungen auf die außenliegenden Schichten des Schmelzstrahls 110 ein. Die außenliegenden Schichten des Schmelzstrahls 110 werden dadurch in der ersten Richtung 12 stärker beschleunigt als innenliegende Schichten des Schmelzstrahls 110. Hierdurch wird ein kritisches Geschwindigkeitsprofil 128 innerhalb des Schmelzstrahls 110 erzeugt und es kommt zu einer Zerstäubung des Schmelzstrahls 110 nach dem Austritt aus der Inertgasdüse 120 bzw. nach dem Eintritt in den angeschlossenen Verdüsungsturm.In contrast to the Fig. 1 The critical velocity profile in the melt jet 110 is determined at the rate shown in Fig. 2 The inert gas flow 122 is generated by means of an inert gas flow 122 in the method shown. The inert gas flow 122 flows through the inert gas nozzle 120 into the atomization tower at a high speed v g . Since the melt jet 110 passes through the middle of the inert gas nozzle 120, the inert gas flow 122 surrounds the melt jet 110 and acts on the outer layers of the melt jet 110 via shear stresses. The outer layers of the melt jet 110 are thereby accelerated more strongly in the first direction 12 than the inner layers of the melt jet 110. This creates a critical speed profile 128 within the melt jet 110 and results in a Atomization of the melt jet 110 after exiting the inert gas nozzle 120 or after entering the connected atomization tower.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung der Funktionsweise des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in einem EIGA-Verfahren bzw. eines Ausschnitts einer Schnittdarstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 20 in einer EIGA-Anlage 200. Gleiche Komponenten und Merkmale sind mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen wie in Fig. 1 versehen. Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the functioning of the method according to the invention in an EIGA process or a section of a sectional view of the device 20 according to the invention in an EIGA system 200. The same components and features are identified by the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1 provided.

Wie in Fig. 3 zu erkennen ist, ist die Spulenanordnung 22 in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel in eine Inertgasdüse 30 integriert, die in Form einer Lavaldüse ausgebildet ist. Fig. 3 zeigt somit eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung, die eine Kombination der in den Figuren 1 und 2 gezeigten Verfahren umfasst. Hierdurch ergeben sich überraschende Synergieeffekte, die zu einer weiter verbesserten Zerstäubung führen können.As in Fig. 3 As can be seen, the coil arrangement 22 in the embodiment shown is integrated into an inert gas nozzle 30, which is designed in the form of a Laval nozzle. Fig. 3 thus shows an embodiment of the invention which combines the features described in the Figures 1 and 2 This results in surprising synergy effects that can lead to further improved atomization.

Die Spulenanordnung 22 und die Inertgasdüse 30 sind koaxial zueinander angeordnet, wobei die Spulenanordnung 22 die Inertgasdüse 30 bzw. den Innenraum der Inertgasdüse 30 umschließt. Über die Intertgasdüse 30 strömt ein Intergasstrom 32, welcher den aus mehreren aufeinanderfolgenden Tropfen bestehenden Flüssigkeitsstrahl 10 laminar beschleunigt (analog zu Fig. 2). Diese laminare Beschleunigung durch die Inertgasdüse 30 bzw. durch den Intergasstrom 32 (analog zu Fig. 2) wird von einer elektromagnetischen Beschleunigung des elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeitsstrahls 10 durch die Spulenanordnung 22 (analog zu Fig. 1) überlagert.The coil arrangement 22 and the inert gas nozzle 30 are arranged coaxially to one another, with the coil arrangement 22 enclosing the inert gas nozzle 30 or the interior of the inert gas nozzle 30. An inert gas stream 32 flows over the inert gas nozzle 30, which accelerates the liquid jet 10 consisting of several successive drops in a laminar manner (analogous to Fig. 2 ). This laminar acceleration through the inert gas nozzle 30 or through the intergas stream 32 (analogous to Fig. 2 ) is generated by an electromagnetic acceleration of the electrically conductive liquid jet 10 by the coil arrangement 22 (analogous to Fig. 1 ) superimposed.

Beide Beschleunigungen wirken zusammen derart auf den Flüssigkeitsstrahl 10 ein, dass dieser in der ersten Richtung 12 beschleunigt wird. Diese überlagerten Beschleunigungen bewirken die Ausbildung eines kritischen, U-förmiges Geschwindigkeitsprofil in dem Flüssigkeitsstrahl 10, entsprechend den Geschwindigkeitsprofilen der Figuren 1 und 2. Der hierdurch erzeugte große Geschwindigkeitsgradient innerhalb des Flüssigkeitsstrahls 10 erhöht den Druck innerhalb des Flüssigkeitsstrahls 10, wodurch es zu einem großen Druckunterschied zwischen dem hohen Druck innerhalb des Flüssigkeitsstrahls 10 und einem den Flüssigkeitsstrahl umgebenden, wesentlich geringeren Druck kommt. Aufgrund des Druckunterschieds kommt es zu einem Zerfall des Flüssigkeitsstrahls 10 in Ligamente, das heißt der Flüssigkeitsstrahl 10 wird in Mikropartikel zerstäubt.Both accelerations act together on the liquid jet 10 in such a way that it is accelerated in the first direction 12. These superimposed accelerations cause the formation of a critical, U-shaped velocity profile in the liquid jet 10, corresponding to the velocity profiles of the Figures 1 and 2 The large velocity gradient generated within the liquid jet 10 increases the pressure within the liquid jet 10, resulting in a large pressure difference between the high pressure within the liquid jet 10 and a much lower pressure surrounding the liquid jet. Due to the pressure difference, the liquid jet 10 breaks down into ligaments, i.e. the liquid jet 10 is atomized into microparticles.

Wie ebenfalls in Fig. 3 gezeigt ist, wird der Flüssigkeitsstrahl 10 durch das sogenannte EIGA-Verfahren erzeugt. Hierzu ist der Anordnung aus Spulenanordnung 22 und Inertgasdüse 30 eine EIGA-Spule 40 bzw. eine Induktionsspule 40 vorgelagert. Die Induktionsspule 40 ist koaxial zu der Spulenanordnung 22 und der Inertgasdüse 30 angeordnet. Die Induktionsspule 40 ist in der ersten Richtung 12 betrachtet zulaufend, d.h. sie hat in der ersten Richtung 12 betrachtet einen abnehmenden Durchmesser.As also in Fig. 3 As shown, the liquid jet 10 is generated by the so-called EIGA method. For this purpose, an EIGA coil 40 or an induction coil 40 is arranged in front of the arrangement of coil arrangement 22 and inert gas nozzle 30. The induction coil 40 is arranged coaxially to the coil arrangement 22 and the inert gas nozzle 30. The induction coil 40 is tapered when viewed in the first direction 12, ie it has a decreasing diameter when viewed in the first direction 12.

Koaxial zu der Induktionsspule 40 und dieser zumindest abschnittsweise vorgelagert ist eine Elektrode 42 vorgesehen, die mittels der Induktionsspule 40 abgeschmolzen wird, um den Flüssigkeitsstrahl 10 zu erzeugen. Die gezeigte Elektrode kann beispielsweise aus Titan, einer Titanlegierung, einer Legierung auf Zirkonium-, Niob-, Nickel- oder Tantal-Basis, einem Edelmetall oder einer Edelmetalllegierung, einer Kupfer- oder Aluminiumlegierung, einem Spezialmetall oder einer Spezialmetalllegierung bestehen. Die Elektrode 42 ist an einem oberen Ende (nicht gezeigt) aufgehängt und in der ersten Richtung, also in Richtung der Anordnung aus Spulenanordnung 22 und Inertgasdüse 30 axial verlagerbar. So kann die Elektrode 42 während eines Abschmelzens der Elektrode 42 kontinuierlich nachgeführt werden.Coaxial to the induction coil 40 and at least partially upstream of it is an electrode 42 which is melted by means of the induction coil 40 in order to generate the liquid jet 10. The electrode shown can consist, for example, of titanium, a titanium alloy, a zirconium-, niobium-, nickel- or tantalum-based alloy, a precious metal or a precious metal alloy, a copper or aluminum alloy, a special metal or a special metal alloy. The electrode 42 is suspended at an upper end (not shown) and can be axially displaced in the first direction, i.e. in the direction of the arrangement of the coil arrangement 22 and the inert gas nozzle 30. The electrode 42 can thus be continuously adjusted while the electrode 42 is melting.

Der Anordnung aus Spulenanordnung 22 und Inertgasdüse 30 nachgelagert ist eine Ringdüse 50, über die ein weiterer Inertgasstrom 52 in die Gesamtanordnung einbringbar ist. Der weitere Inertgasstrom 52 trifft in der gezeigten Ausführungsform impulsartig bzw. prallartig auf den aus der Anordnung aus Spulenanordnung 22 und Inertgasdüse 30 austretenden Flüssigkeitsstrahl 10. Der austretende Flüssigkeitsstrahl 10 kann beim Auftreffen des weiteren Inertgasstroms 52 der Ringdüse 50 zumindest teilweise bereits zerstäubt sein. Durch den Aufprall des weiteren Inertgasstroms 52 auf den Flüssigkeitsstrahl 10 oder den zumindest teilweise bereits zerstäubten Flüssigkeitsstrahl 10, wir dieser weiter verdüst.Downstream of the arrangement of coil arrangement 22 and inert gas nozzle 30 is a ring nozzle 50, via which a further inert gas stream 52 can be introduced into the overall arrangement. In the embodiment shown, the further inert gas stream 52 impinges on the liquid jet 10 emerging from the arrangement of coil arrangement 22 and inert gas nozzle 30 in a pulse-like or impact-like manner. The emerging liquid jet 10 can already be at least partially atomized when the further inert gas stream 52 impinges on the ring nozzle 50. The impact of the further inert gas stream 52 on the liquid jet 10 or the at least partially already atomized liquid jet 10 causes it to be further atomized.

Wie in Fig. 3 gezeigt, können die Spulenanordnung 22, die Inertgasdüse (Lavaldüse) 30 und die Ringdüse 50 in Form einer gemeinsamen Vorrichtung 20 ausgebildet sein. Die Vorrichtung 20 kann beispielsweise einstückig sein.As in Fig. 3 As shown, the coil arrangement 22, the inert gas nozzle (Laval nozzle) 30 and the ring nozzle 50 can be designed in the form of a common device 20. The device 20 can, for example, be in one piece.

Der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Gesamtanordnung kann ein Verdüsungsturm zum Abkühlen und Erstarren des zerstäubten Flüssigkeitsstrahls nachgelagert sein, der hier nur angedeutet und nicht vollständig gezeigt ist. Der Verdüsungsturm kann einen Auffangbehälter zum Auffangen des erstarrten Pulvers umfassen.The in Fig. 3 The overall arrangement shown can be followed by an atomization tower for cooling and solidifying the atomized liquid jet, which is only indicated here and not shown in full. The atomization tower can comprise a collecting container for collecting the solidified powder.

Es versteht sich, dass anstelle des EIGA-Verfahrens zum Erzeugen des Flüssigkeitsstrahls alternative tiegelfreie Verfahren oder Verfahren mit Tiegel vorgesehen sein können, beispielsweise ein VIGA-Verfahren, ein PIGA-Verfahren, ein CCIM-Verfahren oder ein sonstiges Verfahren. Entsprechend kann/können in der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Anlage anstelle der Induktionsspule eine/mehrere für die vorstehend genannten Verfahren erforderliche/ Vorrichtung/en vorgesehen sein, die der Spulenanordnung vorgelagert sind.It is understood that instead of the EIGA method for generating the liquid jet, alternative crucible-free methods or methods with a crucible can be provided, for example a VIGA method, a PIGA method, a CCIM method or another method. Accordingly, in the Fig. 3 In the system shown, instead of the induction coil, one or more devices required for the above-mentioned processes may be provided which are arranged upstream of the coil arrangement.

Es versteht sich, dass das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einer Weiterbildung auch eine Kombination einer Vorrichtung mit Spulenanordnung und einer Ringdüse, ohne Inertgasdüse, umfassen kann.It is understood that the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention can, in a further development, also comprise a combination of a device with a coil arrangement and an annular nozzle, without an inert gas nozzle.

Insbesondere können mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bzw. der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gegenüber herkömmlichen Inertgasverdüsungsverfahren durch Einsparung des Inertgasverbrauchs Betriebskosten reduziert werden.In particular, by means of the method according to the invention or the device according to the invention, operating costs can be reduced compared to conventional inert gas atomization methods by saving inert gas consumption.

Bezugszeichenlistelist of reference symbols

1010
Flüssigkeitsstrahlliquid jet
AA
Strahlmittelachseblasting center axis
1212
erste Richtungfirst direction
2020
Vorrichtung zum Zerstäuben des Flüssigkeitsstrahlsdevice for atomizing the liquid jet
2222
Spulenanordnungcoil arrangement
24A, 24B, 24C24A, 24B, 24C
Polpaare/Wicklungenpole pairs/windings
2626
Lorentz-KräfteLorentz forces
2828
U-förmiges GeschwindigkeitsprofilU-shaped speed profile
vmvm
Geschwindigkeit innerhalb des Flüssigkeitsstrahlsspeed within the liquid jet
ϕi, ϕ1, ϕ2, ϕ3ϕi, ϕ1, ϕ2, ϕ3
Phasenwechselphase change
3030
Inertgasdüse (Lavaldüse)inert gas nozzle (Laval nozzle)
3232
Inertgasstrominert gas stream
4040
Induktionsspuleinduction coil
4242
Elektrodeelectrode
5050
Ringdüsering nozzle
5252
weiterer Inertgasstromadditional inert gas flow
110110
Schmelzstrahl (St. d. T.)melting stream (St. d. T.)
120120
Inertgasdüse (St. d. T.)inert gas nozzle (St. d. T.)
122122
Inertgasstrom (St. d. T.)inert gas flow (St. d. T.)
128128
Geschwindigkeitsprofil (St. d. T.)speed profile (St. d. T.)
200200
EIGA-AnlageEIGA system

Claims (15)

  1. A method for splitting an electrically conductive liquid, in particularly a melt jet, which comprises the following steps:
    - providing of the electrically conductive liquid, which moves in the form of a liquid jet (10) into a first direction (12); and
    - creating high-frequency electromagnetic travelling fields surrounding the liquid jet (10), which travel into the first direction (12) and accelerate the liquid jet (10) into the first direction (12), whereby the liquid jet (10) is atomized.
  2. The method according to claim 1, in which the electromagnetic travelling fields have an alternating current frequency of at least 0.1 MHz, preferably at least 1 MHz, further preferably of at least 10 MHz, still further preferably of at least 100 MHz.
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the high-frequency electromagnetic travelling fields are created by means of a coil arrangement (22) with at least one pole pair (24A, 24B, 24C), preferably with at least two pole pairs (24A, 24B, 24C), further preferably with at least three pole pairs (24A, 24B, 24C).
  4. The method according to one of the preceding claims, which further comprises the following step:
    - creating of a gas stream surrounding the liquid jet (10), which substantially moves into the first direction (12) and in addition accelerates the liquid jet (10) into the first direction (12).
  5. The method according to one of the preceding claims, which further comprises the following step:
    - creating of a further gas stream impinging on the liquid jet (10) by means of a ringshaped nozzle (50).
  6. The method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the liquid jet (10) is created by melting off an electrode (42) by means of an induction coil (40).
  7. The method according to one of the preceding claims, which further comprises the following step:
    - cooling of the atomized liquid jet (10) for creating solidified particles.
  8. A device (20) for splitting an electrically conductive liquid, in particularly a melt jet, comprising:
    a source of liquid for providing a liquid jet (10) of the electrically conductive liquid moving into a first direction (12), and
    a coil arrangement (22) with at least one pole pair (24A, 24B, 24C), which is arranged downstream with respect to the source of liquid and coaxially with respect to the liquid jet (10),
    wherein the coil arrangement (22) is configured to create high-frequency electromagnetic travelling fields, which surround the liquid jet (10) and travel into the first direction (12), for accelerating the liquid jet (10) into the first direction (12) by means of the high-frequency electromagnetic travelling fields and thus atomizing the liquid jet (10).
  9. The device (20) according to claim 8, wherein the high-frequency electromagnetic travelling fields have an alternating current frequency of at least 0.1 MHz, preferably at least 1 MHz, further preferably of at least 10 MHz, still further preferably of at least 100 MHz.
  10. The device (20) according to claim 8 or 9, which further comprises an inert gas nozzle (30), which is designed such that a gas stream surrounding the liquid jet (10) and moving substantially into the first direction (12) is created for additionally accelerating the liquid jet (10) into the first direction (12) by means of said gas stream.
  11. The device (20) according to claim 10, wherein the coil arrangement (22) considered in the inert gas nozzle (30) and/or along the central axis of the jet (A) is arranged upstream and/or downstream with respect to the inert gas nozzle (30).
  12. The device (20) according to one of claims 8 to 11, which further comprises a ringshaped nozzle (50) for creating a further gas stream, which is constructed for influencing the liquid jet (10).
  13. The device (20) according to one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the source of liquid is an electrode (42) and the liquid jet (10) is a melt jet.
  14. The device (20) according to claim 13, which comprises an induction coil (40) being arranged coaxially with respect to the electrode (42) and in the region of an end of the electrode (42), which is constructed for melting off the electrode (42) so that thus the melt jet is created.
  15. The device (20) according to one of claims 8 to 11, which comprises an atomizing tower for cooling and solidifying the atomized liquid jet (10).
EP20757855.0A 2019-08-15 2020-08-12 Method and device for splitting an electrically conductive liquid Active EP3983157B1 (en)

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DE102019122000.9A DE102019122000A1 (en) 2019-08-15 2019-08-15 Method and device for dividing an electrically conductive liquid
PCT/EP2020/072636 WO2021028477A1 (en) 2019-08-15 2020-08-12 Method and device for breaking up an electrically conductive liquid

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CN116613052B (en) * 2023-07-19 2023-12-19 杭州凯莱谱质造科技有限公司 Electrospray ion source with external magnetic field and mass spectrometer
CN117123788A (en) * 2023-08-29 2023-11-28 中国机械总院集团宁波智能机床研究院有限公司 Copper core ball and preparation method and device thereof

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HUE069409T2 (en) 2025-03-28
AU2020328173A1 (en) 2022-02-03
JP2022544669A (en) 2022-10-20
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EP3983157A1 (en) 2022-04-20
CN114245762A (en) 2022-03-25
PT3983157T (en) 2024-11-20
JP7701344B2 (en) 2025-07-01
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ES3004519T3 (en) 2025-03-12
AU2020328173B2 (en) 2025-12-04

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