EP3976263A1 - Explosion-monitoring system of a comminuting installation, comminuting installation and method for operating an explosion-monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

A description is given of an explosion-monitoring system (20) of a comminuting installation (10) for materials for monitoring unwanted releases of energy by materials, a comminuting installation (10) and a method for operating an explosion-monitoring system (20). The explosion-monitoring system (20) has at least one pressure-monitoring device (42a, 42b, 42c), with which it is possible to monitor the propagation of pressure increases as a result of releases of energy by materials in the comminuting installation (10).

Description

EXPLOSION CONTROL SYSTEM OF A CRUSHING PLANT, CRUSHING PLANT AND METHOD OF OPERATING AN EXPLOSION CONTROL SYSTEM

The invention relates to an explosion control system of a crushing plant for materials to control unwanted energy releases through materials.

The invention also relates to a comminution plant for materials

- with at least one shredding device,

- With at least one material supply line for supplying materials to be shredded to the at least one shredding device,

- With at least one discharge conveyor line for discharging comminuted materials from the at least one comminuting device

- And with at least one explosion control system to control unwanted energy releases through materials.

The invention also relates to a method for operating an explosion control system of a comminution plant for materials, in which any unwanted energy releases are controlled by materials.

DE 20 2005 014 771 U1 discloses a device for detecting and reporting optical fire phenomena for moving dust-like particles. The device can be used wherever there are moving organic dust-like particles that must be transported with increased protection against fire or explosion. This can be the transport of dust particles in pipes or cyclones in the chipboard industry, the textile industry, the recycling and milling industry, in furniture production where wood-like particles are extracted. From processing machines with pneumatic suction and conveying devices, such as those found in wood processing and in companies in the textile, recycling, food, feed, leather, rubber and chemical industries, there is a risk of fire require special protective measures. By processing machines and Sparks caused by impurities such as metal parts and stones in the conveying equipment reach the downstream systems via the conveying lines. Here they can cause smoldering fires that develop unnoticed when covered by the following conveyed goods. Large fires or dust explosions are often the result. Spark extinguishing systems were developed to prevent this. These spark extinguishing systems are usually sensors that are kop pelt with an extinguishing center and an automatic extinguishing system.

The invention is based on the object of designing an explosion control system, a crushing plant and a method of the type mentioned above, in which the consequences of unwanted energy releases by materials can be reduced.

This object is achieved in the explosion control system in that the explosion control system has at least one pressure control device with which the spread of pressure increases as a result of energy releases from materials in the shredding plant can be controlled.

In the context of the invention, sparks, fire, explosions and / or other, in particular, pressure-increasing events are understood as unwanted energy releases by materials. Uncontrolled, unintentional release of energy can lead to damage in the shredding system and also pose a risk to those present.

According to the invention, any unwanted energy releases are reduced in a controlled manner with at least one pressure control device. In this way, the consequences of unwanted energy releases, in particular necessary repair and maintenance measures on the shredding system and the risk to people, are reduced.

With the aid of the at least one pressure control device, unwanted energy releases can be reduced in a controlled manner in areas of the shredding plant, in which the consequences of the unwanted energy releases can be minimized. Advantageously, the areas in which unwanted energy releases are reduced in a controlled manner with the at least one pressure control device can be areas in which any consequential damage can be minimized. In particular, no or only robust components are arranged in the relevant areas. Alternatively or in addition, the areas in which the at least one pressure control device can be used to control unwanted energy releases can be accessible as easily as possible. In this way, repair and maintenance work can be carried out there a times.

Due to the controlled reduction of unwanted energy releases according to the invention, it is not absolutely necessary to use extinguishing agents to prevent or combat any sparks, fires and / or explosions, as is the case with the device known from the prior art. The use of extinguishing agents has the disadvantage that the shredding system has to be maintained at great expense after the extinguishing agents have been used. Furthermore, the extinguishing system used must be put back into operation and checked. In particular, the extinguishing agent must be refilled or replaced. This is costly and time consuming. The shredding plant must be stopped during such repair and maintenance work. With the help of the invention, however, an explosion can be permitted and broken down in a controlled manner, so that the consequential damage is less than when using extinguishing agents, especially in central areas of the shredding plant. The shredding system can be used again more quickly without any major maintenance effort.

The materials can be materials of vegetable origin, in particular wood, waste wood, straw and / or renewable agricultural products, or plastic, composite material or the like.

Explosion and fire protection is urgently required, particularly when shredding waste wood. Waste wood is particularly dry, which means that more dust particles are produced when it is shredded than with moist, fresh wood. When shredding waste wood, there is therefore a greater risk of explosion and fire than with fresh wood. Furthermore, waste wood can contain impurities such as metal parts, stones or the like. By the contaminants can be caused, in particular, during the shredding process or when conveying the shredded materials, sparks with which the shredded waste wood and the dust particles can easily be ignited.

With the shredding system, the materials can be shredded into chips, fibers, flake chips, shredded material or the like. The crushed materials can be used as pressed material or grit, from which press plates can be made.

Advantageously, the comminution system can be combined with a system for the production of material panels, in particular press panels. With the shredding system, the shredded material, in particular the pressed material, can be made available from which the material plates are made, in particular pressed plates.

In an advantageous embodiment, at least one pressure control device can have or consist of at least one pressure release device. With at least one pressure relief device, an increase in pressure in the shredding plant as a result of an energy release from materials, in particular an explosion, can be reduced in a controlled manner.

Advantageously, at least one pressure relief device can be arranged in the area of a shredder, in particular in the conveying direction of the material behind the shredder, in particular on a collecting space. This way the shredder can be protected in the event of an explosion behind the shredder.

Advantageously, at least one pressure relief device can be arranged in the region of at least one exhaust air line of at least one comminution device, in particular on a collecting space from which the at least one exhaust air line leads out. In this way, the exhaust air line can be protected from explosions during normal operation.

Advantageously, at least one pressure relief device in the area of a Be arranged discharge conveyor line for comminuted materials. In this way, the discharge conveyor line can be protected in the event of an explosion in the discharge conveyor line.

In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one pressure control device can have or consist of at least one expansion box and / or at least one bursting disc. Pressure release boxes and bursting disks are used for pressure release and can therefore at least help to create corresponding pressure release devices.

The speed of pressure propagation can be reduced and limited with an expansion box. In this way, the spread of pressure in the shredding system can be limited.

The shredding system can be protected from damaging overpressure with rupture discs. Rupture discs form a kind of predetermined breaking point. Rupture discs can easily be replaced.

Advantageously, at least one bursting disc can be arranged in an easily accessible area of the comminution plant. A destroyed rupture disc can be easily replaced.

Advantageously, at least pressure control devices, in particular a pressure relief device, have at least one wire mesh, which separates an area in which a pressure increase, in particular an explosion, can potentially take place, from a compensation area, in particular the surroundings. Pressure compensation can be permitted with the aid of the at least one wire mesh. The at least one wire mesh can prevent sparks or flames from being able to leave the area with the pressure increase through the at least one wire mesh. Flameless pressure relief can be implemented using at least one wire mesh. At least one wire mesh can be part of a relaxation box. In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one pressure control device can be arranged downstream of a shredding device in the conveying direction of the materials and / or at least one pressure control device can be arranged in front of, on or in a discharge conveyor line for shredded materials and / or at least one pressure control device can be on, in or be arranged in front of at least one exhaust duct.

The materials behind the shredding device are shredded and therefore more prone to sparks. With the help of a pressure control device in the conveying direction of the materials behind the shredding device, this can be protected from pressure increases and / or sparks which come from an area behind the shredding device.

In the comminution device, sparks can be caused during the comminution by impurities, in particular special metal parts, stones or the like, which may be contained in the materials. With the help of the pressure control devices, the shredding plant behind the shredding device, in particular a discharge conveyor line, can be protected from pressure increases and / or sparks that come from the shredding device.

With a pressure control device in front of, on or in a discharge conveyor line for crushed materials, the spread of a pressure increase, sparks and / or fire in the discharge conveyor line can be controlled, in particular prevented or limited.

With a pressure control device on, in or in front of at least one exhaust pipe, the spread of a pressure increase, sparks and / or fire in the at least one exhaust pipe can be prevented. This prevents an explosion or fire from spreading via the at least one exhaust air line to other shredding devices of the shredding system.

In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one pressure control device can have or consist of at least one pressure control device with which the pressure increase in the shredding system can be controlled in a controlled manner. On In this way, an unwanted pressure increase can be directed into areas that are less susceptible and / or easier to maintain. The pressure increase can be kept away from areas that are more sensitive and / or difficult to maintain. Overall, this can further reduce the consequences of an unintentional increase in pressure.

In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one pressure control device can have or consist of at least one partitioning device. With a partitioning device, areas of the shredding plant can be partitioned off and thus separated from other areas. In this way, areas of the shredding system in which the pressure increases can be sealed off and unaffected areas can be protected.

In the case of a shredding plant with several shredding devices, the individual shredding devices can be sealed off with appropriate partitioning devices. In the event of a pressure increase, in particular an explosion, in one of the crushing devices, this can be sealed off from the other crushing devices. This can prevent the pressure increase from spreading. With the help of the partitioning devices, the shredding devices can also be partitioned off for maintenance purposes. In this way, individual shredding devices can be serviced during the operation of the other cladding devices.

In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one pressure control device can have or consist of at least one controllable partitioning device and / or at least one pressure control device can have or consist of at least one automatic partitioning device. A controllable partitioning device can be operated by a motor and / or manually. A motor-operated partitioning device can be controlled with a corresponding control device, in particular a control center. The partitioning can thus be activated automatically, in particular if an undesired release of energy, in particular an increase in pressure and / or sparks, is detected with the aid of a suitable detection device. An automatic partitioning device can activate the partitioning itself in particular on the basis of a pressure difference in the event of a kickback, without a separate automatic or manual actuation being required.

In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one pressure control device can have or consist of at least one lock and / or at least one pressure control device can have or consist of at least one non-return locking device. Isolation devices can be implemented with sluices and non-return devices.

Locks can be controlled and thus opened or closed in a controlled manner.

Non-return devices can activate or deactivate themselves.

Advantageously, at least one lock can be designed as a rotary valve. In the case of a rotary valve, the rotary valve can be stopped in order to easily reach the partition.

At least one non-return device can advantageously have a non-return flap. A non-return valve can be implemented simply and robustly.

In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one partitioning device of at least one pressure control device can be arranged downstream of at least one comminution device in the conveying direction of the materials and / or at least one partitioning device of at least one pressure control device can be arranged in front of at least one discharge conveyor line for comminuted materials in the conveying direction of the materials and / or at least one partitioning device of at least one pressure control device can be arranged in, on or in front of an exhaust air line for the at least one comminution device and / or at least one partitioning device of at least one pressure control device can be arranged downstream of a pressure relief device in the conveying direction of the materials. With at least one partitioning device behind at least one shredding device in the conveying direction, the at least one shredding device can be protected from unwanted energy releases, in particular explosions and fires, in the conveying direction behind the partitioning device. On the other hand, it is possible to prevent unwanted energy releases from the at least one comminution device from spreading into areas, in particular a discharge conveyor line or an exhaust air line, which lie behind in the conveying direction.

With at least one partitioning device in the conveying direction in front of at least one discharge conveyor line, it can be prevented that undesired energy releases from at least one comminution device, in particular a collecting space, spread into the at least one discharge conveyor line. In this way, it can be prevented that unwanted energy releases spread via the at least one discharge conveyor line, if necessary, into other comminution devices of the comminution plant.

With at least one partitioning device in, on or in front of an exhaust air line, it can be prevented that unwanted energy release from the shredding device can spread into the exhaust air line. If your shredding plant has several shredding devices, their respective exhaust air lines can merge. With the help of the at least one partitioning device, it is possible to prevent unwanted energy releases from one of the shredding devices from spreading to the other shredding systems via the exhaust air line.

With at least one partitioning device behind a pressure relief device, the area in which the unwanted energy release, in particular the pressure increase, for example due to an explosion, takes place, can be partitioned off, while the unwanted energy release, in particular the pressure increase, can be reduced in a controlled manner with the aid of the pressure release device.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the explosion control system can have at least one extinguishing device for extinguishing energy releases in the form of sparks and / or fire. With the at least one extinguishing device, Any sparks or fire can be specifically extinguished. In this way, the risk of explosion and fire can be further reduced.

Advantageously, extinguishing devices can be arranged in areas of the comminution system which are easily accessible and in which any extinguishing agents cause no damage. In this way, maintenance can be carried out more easily if extinguishing agents are used.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the explosion control system can have at least one detection device for recognizing unwanted energy releases through materials. The at least one detection device can be used to detect unwanted energy releases, in particular pressure increases, temperature increases, sparks, explosions or the like. As a result of the detection with the at least one detection device, suitable measures can be taken to control the unwanted release of energy, in particular the spread of the pressure increase, in the shredding plant. In particular, the explosion control system can be controlled accordingly, in particular with the aid of a control device, in particular a control center, in order to seal off the area of the unwanted energy release and / or to carry out suitable extinguishing measures.

At least one detection device can advantageously have or consist of at least one (explosion) pressure detector, at least one temperature detector and / or at least one spark detector. In this way, unwanted energy releases from materials can be reliably identified.

In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one detection device can be arranged in the vicinity of at least one pressure control device and / or at least one extinguishing device. In this way, the corresponding pressure control devices and / or extinguishing device can be activated specifically at the location of the unwanted energy release.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the explosion control system can have at least one control center. With at least one control center can the explosion control system can be controlled. In this way, an unintentional release of energy through materials can be better controlled.

The at least one control center can be functionally connected to a control of the shredding plant. In this way, in the event of an unintentional release of energy, the shredding system or parts thereof can be controlled accordingly, if necessary stopped.

Furthermore, the object is achieved according to the invention in the shredding plant in that the explosion control system has at least one pressure control device with which the spread of pressure increases due to energy releases from materials in the shredding plant can be controlled.

In this way, the shredding plant can be operated more safely overall. Furthermore, individual comminution devices of the comminution plant can optionally be protected, in particular decoupled, more simply by materials, in particular for maintenance purposes and / or in the event of an unintentional release of energy.

Advantageously, at least one comminuting device can have a machining or cutting system. With machining or cutting systems, materials can be made smaller.

Advantageously, at least one shredding device can be designed as a knife ring shredder. In this way, materials can be reduced to chips.

Advantageously, the comminution plant for comminuting materials can have several comminution devices. The shredding devices can be arranged functionally in parallel. Material discharge lines of the Zerkleinerungsein directions can lead to at least one common discharge conveyor line for shredded materials. Furthermore, exhaust ducts from the shredding devices lead to a common exhaust duct. With the aid of at least one explosion control system according to the invention, individual comminution devices can be sealed off in the event of an undesired release of energy. In this way, the unwanted release of energy can be prevented from spreading to unaffected comminution devices, in particular via common exhaust air lines and / or common discharge conveyor line.

In addition, the object is achieved according to the invention in the method in that the propagation of pressure increases due to unwanted energy releases through materials in the shredding plant is controlled with at least one pressure control device. In this way, the consequences of an unintentional release of energy can be reduced.

Advantageously, at least one area of the comminution system, in particular at least one area in which unwanted energy releases take place, can be partitioned off. In this way, unaffected areas of the shredding system can be better protected in the event of unwanted energy releases.

Additionally or alternatively, an increase in pressure as a result of an unintentional release of energy can advantageously be reduced in a controlled manner. This way damage can be avoided.

In addition, the features and advantages shown in connection with the explosion control system according to the invention, the comminution plant according to the invention and the method according to the invention and their respective advantageous configurations apply mutatis mutandis and vice versa. The individual features and advantages can of course be combined with one another, in which case further advantageous effects can arise that extend over the sum of the individual effects.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description in which embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing voltage. Those skilled in the art will find that in the drawing, the description and the features disclosed in combination with the claims expediently also consider individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations.

The single figure shows a crushing plant for materials which has an explosion control system.

In the figures, the same components are provided with the same reference symbols.

In the figure, a comminution system 10 for comminuting materials is shown as a function representation.

With the shredding plant 10, materials, for example of vegetable origin, in particular wood, waste wood, straw and / or renewable agricultural products, or plastic, composite material or the like, can be shredded into chips, fibers, fluff chips, shredded material or the like. The comminuted work materials can be used for the Fierstellung of material panels, for example chipboard or the like. The cladding system 10 can be combined, for example, with a system (not shown) for setting material panels, in particular a press system for setting press panels.

The shredding system 10 comprises a material feed device 12, for example several shredding devices 14, an exhaust air purification device 16, a discharge conveyor line 18 and an explosion control system 20. A conveying direction 40 of the materials in the shredding system 10 is indicated by arrows 40.

The material to be comminuted is held in reserve with the material feed device 12. The material is crushed with the crushing devices 14. With the Abluftrei cleaning device 16, the exhaust air from the shredding devices 14 is cleaned. With the discharge conveyor line 18, the comminuted material is conveyed, for example, to silos or to further processing machines, for example for the positioning of material plates.

The material feed device 12 includes, for example, a silo and corresponding Dosing devices with which the materials to be crushed are supplied to the corresponding crushing devices 14 via the respective work material supply line 22.

By way of example, the shredding system 10 shown in the figure has two such shredding devices 14. The crushers 14 can be operated in parallel. The shredding system 10 can also have only one shredding device 14 or more than two shredding devices 14. By way of example, the comminution devices 14 are constructed essentially identically.

Each shredding device 14 has a shredder 24, for example in the form of a knife ring flaker. In the conveying direction of the material behind the shredder 24, the shredding device 14 has a collecting space 26 for shredded materials. A conveyor 28 is arranged spatially below the collecting space 26. With the conveyor 28, the comminuted materials are conveyed from the collecting space 26, for example, laterally into an outfeed space 30. A partitioning device, for example in the form of a lock 32, adjoins the lead-out space 30 at the bottom, for example. The lock 32 is designed, for example, as an explosion-proof and flame-arresting rotary valve. A material discharge line 34 leads from the lock 32 into the discharge conveyor line 18. The discharge conveyor line 18 is equipped, for example, with a scraper conveyor.

Furthermore, an exhaust pipe 36 leads out of the collecting space 26 of the comminuting device 14. The exhaust air lines 36 of the comminution devices 14 lead together to the exhaust air purification device 16.

During the operation of the shredding system 10, sparks can arise, with which zer small-sized materials or dust particles can be ignited. The material, especially waste wood, can contain impurities such as metal or stones, which increases the risk of sparks being produced, for example when shredding with the shredder 24. The shredding of dry materials in particular, such as waste wood, produces dust particles. The dust particles are highly flammable. The sparks can lead to an unwanted release of energy through materials such as explosions or fires. With the help of the discussion control system 20, the crushing plant 10 is protected and basic operation is made possible in cases of unwanted energy releases through materials.

The explosion control system 20 has a plurality of pressure control devices 42, with which the spread of pressure increases in the shredding system 10 can be controlled in the event of unintentional releases of energy through materials. Furthermore, the explosion control system 20 has several extinguishing devices 44, several spark detectors 46 and an explosion pressure detector 48. The explosion control system 20 also has temperature detectors, which are not shown in the figure.

In addition, the explosion control system 20 has a control center 50 with which the components of the explosion control system 20, which are provided for this purpose, are connected in terms of control and / or signaling. With the control center 50, the explosion control system 20 can be monitored and controlled. Furthermore, the control center 50 can be functionally connected to a control device of the shredding system 10. The control center 50 can also be implemented as part of the control device of the crushing plant 10 or integrated into it.

A pressure control device 42a in the form of a pressure relief device with a relief box 52 and a bursting disc 54 is arranged on the collecting space 26 of each shredding device 14, that is to say behind the shredding device 24 in the conveying direction 40 of the materials. The expansion box 52 has at least one wire mesh, through which a flameless pressure relief is made possible. The expansion box 52 thus also acts as a pressure control device with which the pressure increase can be removed in a targeted manner.

Instead of one expansion box 52, several expansion boxes 52 can also be provided. Correspondingly, several bursting disks 54 can also be provided. The lock 32 forms a further pressure control device 42b in the form of a partition device. The lock 32 is controllably connected to the control center 50. This way it can be closed automatically. To close the cellular wheel lock, the cellular wheel is stopped.

In each exhaust air line 36 immediately behind the respective collecting space 26, a further pressure control device 42c in the form of a partitioning device with a non-return device 56, for example a non-return valve, is provided. The non-return locking device 56 closes automatically if there is an increase in pressure in the collecting chamber 26, for example as a result of an explosion. This prevents the pressure and any sparks from spreading via the exhaust air line 36 and thus being able to reach the exhaust air cleaning device 16 and / or the other shredding device 14.

In the direction of the exhaust air flow behind the non-return device 56, a gate valve 58 is arranged in each air line 36 from. The gate valve 58 can be operated automatically table via the control center 50 or manually. The exhaust air line 36 can be closed with the gate valve 58. For example, the shredding device 14 can be separated from the rest of the shredding system 10 with respect to the exhaust air line 36 for maintenance purposes.

In addition, a pressure control device 42a, or at least one expansion box 52 and / or at least one bursting disk 54, can be provided on the side of the exhaust air line 36 facing the collecting space 26. In this way, an increase in pressure can be reduced before reaching the exhaust air line 36. Alternatively, the exhaust air line 36 can lead out of the collecting space 26 on the side on which the pressure control device 42a shown in the figure is located.

A spark detector 46 is also provided in each of the material discharge line 34 and the exhaust air line 36 of each shredding device 14.

In addition, an extinguishing device 44 is arranged in each exhaust air line 36. In the event of a spark detection in the exhaust air line 36 with the corresponding spark detector 46 the corresponding extinguishing device 44 is activated. In this case, for example, extinguishing agent can be introduced into the affected exhaust air line 36 with the extinguishing device 44, thus preventing further spread of flames or sparks.

On the discharge conveyor line 18, two further extinguishing devices 44 are arranged by way of example, with which extinguishing agent can be introduced into the discharge conveyor line 18 if necessary. One of the extinguishing devices 44 is located in the conveying direction of the discharge conveyor line 18 in front of the mouth of the first material discharge line 34. The second extinguishing device is located behind the second material discharge pipe 34 in the conveying direction.

In the discharge conveyor line 18, for example between the two shredding devices 14 shown in the figure, a further pressure control device 42a in the form of a pressure relief device with an expansion box 52 and a bursting disk 54 is provided.

The explosion pressure detector 48 is arranged in such a way that pressure increases, for example as a result of an explosion in the shredding system 10, can be detected.

In the event of an unintentional release of energy through materials, for example a spark or an explosion, the explosion control system 20 ensures that the spread of pressure increases in the shredding system 10 is controlled in such a way that the pressure increase is reduced in areas where none or can easily be remedied Damages are to be expected. The affected areas are sealed off. More sensitive areas and areas in which repairs can only be carried out with greater effort are protected by means of the explosion control system 12 from the consequences of unwanted energy releases from materials, for example pressure increases and / or fires. Active explosion and fire protection, for example with the help of extinguishing agents, takes place, if necessary, only in areas of the shredding plant 10 in which any repairs or recommissioning of the activated extinguishing devices 44 can be carried out with comparatively little effort. If there is an unwanted release of energy through materials, for example an explosion, in the area of a collecting space, the resulting pressure increase is reduced by destroying the rupture disk 54 there and dissipating the pressure through the expansion box 52. In addition, the lock 32 of the corresponding shredding device 14 is closed so that the pressure increase and possibly sparks cannot spread through the material discharge line 34 to the discharge conveyor line 18. This prevents an explosion or fire in one of the shredding devices 14 from spreading into the other shredding device 14.

Furthermore, in the event of a pressure increase in the collecting space 26, the corresponding non-return locking device 56 in the exhaust air line 36 is closed automatically. In addition, the exhaust air line 36 is automatically closed by a motor or manually with the corresponding gate valve 58. Thus, the exhaust air from the affected shredding device 14 is no longer sucked off. In the event of an explosion in the collecting space 26, this exhaust air line 36 is decoupled.

In addition, one of the shredding devices 14 with the corresponding shut-off valve 58 and the corresponding lock 32 can be sealed off from the other shredding device 14 for maintenance purposes. In this way, the comminution device 14 to be serviced is protected from unwanted energy releases by materials in other areas of the cell division system 10 during maintenance.

If there is an unwanted release of energy through materials in the discharge conveyor line 18, the pressure control device 42a attached there is used to release the pressure. The pressure is achieved by destroying the rupture disk 54 and by releasing the pressure from flameless with the aid of the expansion box 52.

If the spark detector 46 in one of the exhaust air lines 36 detects sparks or fire, the extinguishing devices 44 there are activated and the sparks or fire in the respective exhaust air line 36 are extinguished. In the event that sparks or fire are detected, for example with a spark detector 46 in one of the material discharge lines 34, the extinguishing devices 44 in the discharge conveyor line 18 are activated and the sparks or the fire are extinguished. Additionally or alternatively, when sparks or fire are detected, the conveyance in the discharge conveyor line 18 or the scraper conveyor is stopped. This prevents the sparks or the fire from spreading further in the discharge conveyor line 18 and possibly reaching one of the other comminution devices 14.

Overall, several areas in which a pressure increase can spread, for example as a result of an explosion, without causing major damage, are equipped with pressure control devices 42a in the form of pressure relief devices and pressure control devices 42b and 42c in the form of partitioning devices, so that the pressure increase is reduced in a controlled manner can be. For example, in the event of an unintentional release of energy in a collecting space 26 or in the discharge conveyor line 18, the areas that are not involved, especially the disintegrating crushing devices 14, can be sealed off with the aid of the locks 32. 1597

Shredding plant

Material feed in direction

Shredders

Exhaust air purification device

Discharge conveyor line

Explosion control system

Material supply line

Shredder

Collection room

Sponsor

Execution room

lock

Material discharge line

Exhaust duct

Direction of conveyance materialsa pressure control deviceb pressure control devicec pressure control device

Extinguishing devices

Spark detector

Explosion pressure detector

Control center

Relaxation boxes

Bursting discs

Non-return device

Gate valve

Claims

Claims 1. Explosion control system (20) of a comminution plant (10) for materials to control unwanted energy releases by materials, characterized in that the explosion control system (20) has at least one Druckkontin direction (42a, 42b, 42c), with which the spread of pressure increases in the consequence of energy releases from materials in the shredding plant (10) can be controlled. 2. Explosion control system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one pressure control device (42a) has at least one pressure relief device or consists of it 3. Explosion control system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one pressure control device (42a) has or consists of at least one Entspannungskas (52) and / or at least one bursting disk (54). 4. Explosion control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one pressure control device (42a, 42b) is arranged in the conveying direction (40) of the materials behind a shredding device (14) and / or at least one pressure control device (42a, 42b) in front, is arranged on or in a discharge conveyor line (18) for comminuted materials and / or at least one pressure control device (42c) is arranged on, in or in front of at least one exhaust air line (36). 5. Explosion control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one pressure control device (42a, 42b, 42c) has or consists of at least one pressure control device (52) with which the pressure increase in the shredding system (10) can be controlled in a controlled manner. 6. Explosion control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one pressure control device (42b, 42c) has or consists of at least one partitioning device (32, 56, 58). 7. Explosion control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one pressure control device (42b, 42c) has at least one controllable partitioning device (32, 58) or consists of it and / or at least one pressure control device (42c) at least one automatic partitioning device (56 ) has or consists of it. 8. Explosion control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one pressure control device (42b) has or consists of at least one lock (32) and / or at least one pressure control device (42c) has or consists of at least one non-return device (56). 9. Explosion control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one partitioning device (32) of at least one pressure control device (42b) is arranged in the conveying direction (40) of the materials behind at least one shredding device (14) and / or at least one partitioning device (32) of at least one pressure control device (42b) is arranged in the conveying direction (40) of the materials in front of at least one discharge conveyor line (18) for comminuted materials and / or at least one partitioning device (56, 58) of at least one pressure control device (42c) is arranged in, on or in front of an exhaust air line (36) for the at least one comminuting device (14) and / or at least one partitioning device (32) of at least one pressure control device (42c) is arranged in the conveying direction (40) of the materials behind a pressure relief device (52, 54). 10. Explosion control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the explosion control system (20) has at least one extinguishing device (44) for extinguishing energy releases in the form of sparks and / or fire. 11. Explosion control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the explosion control system (20) has at least one Detektionsein direction (46, 48) for the detection of unwanted energy releases by materials. 12. Explosion control system according to claim 11, characterized in that at least one detection device (46, 48) is arranged in the vicinity of at least one pressure control device (42b, 42c) and / or at least one extinguishing device (44). 13. Explosion control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the explosion control system (20) has at least one control center (50). 14. Crushing plant (10) for materials - with at least one shredding device (14), - With at least one material feed line (22) for feeding the materials to be comminuted to the at least one comminuting device (14), - with at least one discharge conveyor line (18) for discharging comminuted materials from the at least one comminution device (14) - and with at least one explosion control system (20) to control unwanted energy releases through materials, characterized in that the explosion control system (20) has at least one pressure control device (42a, 42b, 42c) with which the spread of pressure increases as a result of energy releases through materials in the shredding plant (10) can be controlled. 15. A method for operating an explosion control system (20) of a crushing plant (10) for materials, in which any unwanted energy releases are controlled by materials, characterized in that the spread of pressure increases as a result of unwanted energy releases through materials in the crushing plant (10) with at least one pressure control device (42a, 42b, 42c) is controlled.