EP3720611B1 - Separator drum - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a separator drum with a hydraulically operated, axially movable piston slide, which can seal a solids space against at least one solids outlet, the piston slide being kept in its closed position via a closing chamber that can be filled with closing liquid, in particular closing water, the closing chamber being between an underside of the Piston slide and an upper side of a drum lower part is formed, the closing chamber having a first closing chamber section close to the axis of rotation and a second closing chamber section distant from the axis of rotation, the first closing chamber section being formed by two mutually parallel sections of the underside of the piston slide and the top of the lower drum part , and the second closing chamber section has a conical cross section at least in sections, according to claim 1.

Separator drums or centrifugal drums for centrifuges are well known from the prior art. Furthermore, it is known to carry out partial emptying or full emptying in connection with such separator drums. For this purpose, a large number of embodiments of separator drums are known which have control systems with chambers which, when completely emptied, absorb all of the closing liquid and are prefilled when partially emptied.

EP 2 774 684 A1 discloses a separator drum with a piston slide, which forms two closing chamber sections in conjunction with the lower drum part. The first closing chamber section is formed by two sections arranged parallel to one another. The second locking chamber section, which is located in Radial direction adjoining the first closing chamber section is essentially also formed by two sections arranged parallel to one another. A small conically shaped section is formed at the end of the second closing chamber section facing away from the first closing chamber section.

In EP 0 192 676 B1 discloses a separator drum structure that includes an axially movable primary slide for closing or opening peripheral outlets, which is adjacent to a closing chamber having an inlet and an outlet for a closing liquid. In addition, an axially movable secondary slide is designed to enable or stop the flow through the closing liquid outlet. The secondary slider has opposing sides adjacent an opening chamber and a closing chamber. An axially movable part is located radially outside the closing fluid outlet and forms a partition between the closing chambers of the primary slide and the secondary slide. The closing chamber of the secondary slide is closed radially inwards by an annular seal between the secondary slide and part of the partition. When opened, the secondary slide releases an annular opening for the passage of a closing fluid from the closing chamber of the primary slide to the opening chamber of the secondary slide.

JPS 521 761 A relates to a device that compactly connects and supports a separator housing by exploiting the pressure difference of the fluid created by centrifugal force, so that no special device for generating hydraulic pressure is required.

In general, the opening and closing of a separator drum is based on a piston slide moving up and down. The piston valve is part of a hydraulically controlled system. The up and down movement of the piston slide is achieved by different pressure conditions, the different pressure conditions resulting from different levels of the closing liquid in the closing chamber of the drum during the emptying process. If locking fluid is drained from the locking chamber, the piston slide sinks downwards so that the Separator drum is opened. A solids outlet of the solids space is released by moving the piston slide downwards.

In connection with such opening systems, there is a so-called virtual diameter (D1) at which - purely mathematically - in normal operation there is a balance between the opening force that results from the drum filling and the closing force that results from the closing liquid in the closing chamber. If the closing fluid level is less than D1, the drum is closed. If the closing liquid level is greater than D1, the drum is open. This connection applies to all hydraulic opening systems of separator drums.

In order to achieve rapid emptying or partial emptying of the separator drum, the piston slide must then be quickly moved upwards again after the solids outlet has been released. The movement of the piston slide depends, among other things, on how quickly so-called drum valves can be closed again. To open drum valves, a certain opening fluid level is necessary. This liquid level is formed within bores or channels of an opening liquid collecting chamber to the drum valves of the separator drum.

The diameter at which there is equilibrium between an open drum valve and a closed drum valve in normal operation is also approximately in the area of diameter D1. In general, if the opening liquid level is less than D1, the valve is open. However, if the opening liquid level is greater than D1, the valve is closed.

Previously known constructions with regard to the opening of separator drums have the disadvantage that, on the one hand, no influence can be exerted on the closing liquid flowing out and, on the other hand, the amount of necessary closing liquid is relatively large, so that it takes a relatively long time until the closing liquid level reaches the diameter D1 exceeds and there is an open separator drum.

Based on the prior art described, the object of the present invention is to provide a separator drum with an opening system, with the partial emptying of the separator drum being carried out in a shorter time. Furthermore, complete emptying should also be possible with the same separator drum.

This task is solved by the subject matter of claim 1, the subclaims comprising at least appropriate refinements and further developments.

It is therefore assumed that there is a separator drum with a hydraulically operated, axially movable piston slide, which can seal a solids space against at least one solids outlet, the piston slide being kept in its closed position via a closing chamber that can be filled with closing liquid, in particular closing water, the closing chamber being between a Bottom of the piston slide and a top of a drum base is formed.

The closing chamber has a first closing chamber section close to the axis of rotation and a second closing chamber section remote from the axis of rotation, the first closing chamber section being formed by two sections of the underside of the piston slide and the top of the lower drum part arranged parallel to one another, and the second closing chamber section being conical at least in sections Has cross section.

The axis of rotation relates to the axis of rotation of the separator drum. In other words, the first closing chamber section is a closing chamber section which is located further inside in relation to the second closing chamber section. The second closing chamber section is a closing chamber section which is further outward in relation to the first closing chamber section.

In other words, the closing chamber has at least two closing chamber sections. These closing chamber sections are only to be understood as partial areas of the closing chamber. These are not sections that are fluidly separated from one another. The first Closing chamber section is the section of the closing chamber that is located closer to the axis of rotation of the separator drum. The second closing chamber section is the section of the closing chamber which is arranged further away from the axis of rotation of the separator drum. Preferably, the first closing chamber section adjoins the second closing chamber section.

The first closing chamber section is formed by two sections of the underside of the piston slide and the top of the lower drum part, which are arranged parallel to one another. Due to the sections arranged parallel to one another, the first closing chamber section has a constant distance in cross section. The distance that occurs with a closed separator drum, i.e. H. when the piston valve is in a closed position is relatively low. The distance is preferably 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm. The first closing chamber section is formed in particular in that the corresponding section of the underside of the piston slide is designed to be complementary to the corresponding section of the top side of the lower drum part.

The second closing chamber section has, at least in sections, a conical cross section. A conical cross-section is to be understood as meaning a cross-section that is at least partially conical. A corresponding cross section is present when cutting through the separator drum from top to bottom.

Due to a conically shaped cross section, a second closing chamber section with an enlarged chamber volume can be formed compared to a cross section which is formed due to a constant distance between the underside of the piston slide and the top of the lower drum part.

According to the invention, the separator drum has at least one drum valve. Preferably, the separator drum comprises at least two drum valves. The number of drum valves can be both even and odd.

A drum valve is used to drain closing fluid. There is a drum valve between the first closing chamber section and the at least one drum valve first outflow channel formed. A second outflow channel is formed between the second closing chamber section and the at least one drum valve.

Preferably, the second closing chamber section is formed by two sections of the underside of the piston slide and the top of the lower drum part, which are arranged at an angle to one another.

The two sections of the underside of the piston slide and the top of the lower drum part, which are arranged at an angle to one another, preferably form an angle of 10° - 45°, in particular of 15° - 40°, in particular of 17° - 35°, in particular of 18° - 30°, in particular from 19° - 25°, in particular from 20°.

The conical cross section is preferably designed such that the section with a smaller cross section points in the direction of the first closing chamber section. The section of the second closing chamber section with the smallest cross section preferably adjoins the first closing chamber section. In order to be able to form a second closing chamber section with a conical cross section, the underside of the piston slide and the top of the lower drum part in this area are not designed parallel to one another, but rather at an angle to one another.

The ratio of the closing liquid volume in the first closing chamber section to the closing liquid volume in the second closing chamber section is preferably from 1:5 to 1:15, in particular 1:10.

The separator drum, in particular the closing chamber, is designed such that the proportion of closing liquid that is smaller than the virtual diameter D1 is relatively small. A small amount of closing liquid in the area of the virtual diameter D1 has a positive effect on the speed of the opening process when the separator is being emptied. It is therefore possible that the inner closing liquid level, ie the closing liquid level in the first closing chamber section, can very quickly exceed the virtual diameter D1 to the outside.

The first closing chamber section is preferably formed in the area of the virtual diameter D1. As already mentioned, the virtual diameter D1 is the virtual diameter at which there is a mathematical balance between the opening force due to the drum filling and the closing force due to the closing fluid located in the closing chamber. Alternatively, it is possible for the transition region from the first closing chamber section to the second closing chamber section to be formed in the area of the virtual diameter D1.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the virtual diameter D1 is formed approximately in the middle of the first closing chamber section.

The proportion of closing liquid that is larger than the diameter D1 is relatively large. This is made possible due to the conical cross section of the second closing chamber section.

Preferably, the inside diameter of the first outflow channel is larger than the inside diameter of the second outflow channel.

The closing liquid in the closing chamber can be directed to a drum valve due to the two outflow channels. In other words, the closing liquid can be drained in the direction of the drum valve due to two separately formed outflow channels.

A nozzle is preferably formed in the second outflow channel. This second outflow channel is the channel with a smaller inner diameter. The second outflow channel can have an inner diameter of 0.5 mm - 5.0 mm.

The inventive design of the separator drum with the two outflow channels has the advantage that the relatively small amount of closing liquid of the first closing chamber section can be passed on directly to at least one drum valve via the first outflow channel with a relatively large inner diameter and then extremely quickly out of the at least one drum valve rotating separator drum can be drained.

Because of this, the piston slide can be moved down extremely quickly. The relatively large amount of closing liquid, which is located in the second closing chamber section, is simultaneously directed to the at least one drum valve via the second outflow channel, which has a relatively small inner diameter.

Due to the relatively small inner diameter of the second outflow channel and the preferred formation of a nozzle, the outflow of the closing liquid is delayed in such a way that the at least one open drum valve is already closed again before the closing liquid is completely drained or flows out.

A locking fluid that is permanently refilled from the outside during a partial emptying simultaneously replenishes the locking water or locking fluid that has flowed out or flowed out.

As a result, the piston slide, which is in the lowest position during the emptying process, is pushed back up again after a relatively short time, so that the separator drum is closed again. In other words, the solids outlet of the solids space can be sealed again due to the piston slide being pushed upwards. In particular, due to the formation of two closing chamber sections and the associated formation of two outflow channels, the closing liquid is prevented from draining completely or for too long.

The ratio of the inner diameter of the first outflow channel to the inner diameter of the second outflow channel is preferably 1:3 to 1:15.

An opening of the second outflow channel is preferably formed in the area or near the largest diameter of the closing chamber. This makes it possible for the largest proportion of the closing liquid located in the first closing chamber section to flow out through the first outflow channel and for the closing liquid located in the second closing chamber section to also flow out, in particular simultaneously.

For example, the second outflow channel is designed perpendicular to the first outflow channel. In other words, the two outflow channels are arranged at right angles to one another. The second outflow channel is preferably designed in a vertical direction. The first outflow channel is preferably designed in a horizontal direction. The second closing chamber section preferably ends in an outer section which has a horizontal end surface. The second outflow channel is preferably designed perpendicular to this horizontal end surface. The opening of the second outflow channel is preferably formed in the horizontal end surface.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is possible for the outflow channels to be designed at an angle to one another.

The outflow diameter of the first closing chamber section can be greater than or equal to the virtual diameter. In other words, the dimension of the outflow diameter of the first closing chamber section can be larger than the dimension of the virtual diameter. In addition, the dimension of the outflow diameter can have approximately the same dimension as the virtual diameter.

Due to the design of the separator drum according to the invention, a separator drum is provided whose opening time of the piston slide is shortened compared to the prior art. Furthermore, the switching times of the drum valve of the separator drum can be shortened.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached schematic drawings.

Fig. 1

einen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Separatortrommel;

Fig. 2

eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Bereiches um die Schließkammer gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung; und

Fig. 3

eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Bereiches um die Schließkammer gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.

Show in it:

Fig. 1

a cross section through a separator drum according to the invention;

Fig. 2

an enlarged view of the area around the closing chamber according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention; and

Fig. 3

an enlarged view of the area around the closing chamber according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention.

In the following, the same reference numbers are used for the same parts and parts with the same effect.

A separator drum 10 is shown. This has a central inlet 11 for a solid-liquid mixture to be separated, via which the solid-liquid mixture enters a centrifugal chamber 12. The centrifugal chamber 12 is composed of a separation chamber 13 and a solids chamber 14. The solids space 14 is designed as a double cone and is delimited in its lower region by a piston slide 20.

The separator drum 10 is closed in its upper region with a drum cover 16, which is connected to a lower drum part 15 by a locking ring 17. The piston slide 20 can close or release an outlet 18 provided in the lower drum part 15. In Fig. 1 the piston slide 20 is shown in the open position. The outlet 18 is released. If the piston slide 20 is pushed axially upwards within the centrifugal chamber 12, the outlet 18 can be closed.

The piston slide 20 can be actuated hydraulically. For this purpose, a closing chamber 30 is formed, which can be filled with a closing liquid, in particular with closing water. Due to the level formed in the closing chamber 30, the piston slide 20 can be actuated. The closing chamber 30 is formed between the underside 21 of the piston slide 20 and the top 35 of the lower drum part 15.

There in Fig. 1 the piston slide 20 rests on the top 35 of the lower drum part 15, the complete closing chamber 30 cannot be seen.

The closing chamber 30 has a first closing chamber section 31 close to the axis of rotation R and a second closing chamber section 32 remote from the axis of rotation R. The first closing chamber section 31 is formed by two sections (22, 36) of the underside 21 of the piston slide 20 and the upper side 35 of the lower drum part 15, which are arranged parallel to one another. With In other words, the section 22 of the piston slide 20 or the section 22 of the underside 21 of the piston slide 20 is formed parallel to the section 36 of the lower drum part 15 or the section 36 of the upper side 35 of the lower drum part 15. The distance between the sections 22 and 36 therefore remains the same when the piston slide 20 is pushed upwards. A substantially hollow circular cylindrical first closing chamber section 31 is thus formed between sections 22 and 36.

The second closing chamber section 32 has a conical cross section at least in sections. This conical cross section is in Fig. 1 to recognize in which the piston slide 20 is in an open position. Even when the piston slide 20 is in the closed position, this conical cross section remains intact. The conical cross section is designed such that the dimension of the cross section decreases in the direction of the first closing chamber section 31. The second closing chamber section 32 adjoins the first closing chamber section 31.

The second closing chamber section 32 further has an outer section 33 with a horizontal end surface 34.

The second closing chamber section 32 is formed by two sections arranged at an angle to one another. In particular, the second closing chamber section 32 is formed by the section 23 of the underside 21 of the piston slide 20 and the section 37 of the top side 35 of the lower drum part 15.

The two sections 23 and 37 of the underside 21 of the piston slide 20 and the top 35 of the lower drum part 15, which are arranged at an angle to one another, form an angle α of in particular 20 ° (see Fig. 2 ) a.

In Fig. 2 the closing chamber 30 and an associated drum valve 40 are shown enlarged according to a first exemplary embodiment. In Fig. 2 the piston slide 20 is shown in a slightly raised position. It can be seen that the closing chamber 30 is formed in particular from the two closing chamber sections 31 and 32. Between a substantially vertical section 24 of the piston slide 20 and a A gap-shaped section 39 of the closing chamber 30 is formed in the vertical section 38 of the lower drum part 15.

In Fig. 2 the so-called virtual diameter D1 is shown. At this virtual diameter D1, in normal operation, there is a mathematical balance between the opening force, which is generated by the drum filling, and the closing force, which is generated by the closing liquid located in the closing chamber 30. It can be seen that the separator drum 10, in particular the closing chamber 30, is designed such that the virtual diameter D1 is formed in the area of the first closing chamber section 31. In particular, the virtual diameter D1 is formed approximately in the middle of the first closing chamber section 31.

In general, the separator drum 10 is closed if the closing liquid level is less than D1. If the closing liquid level is greater than D1, the separator drum 10 is opened. The proportion of closing liquid that is smaller than the diameter D1 is therefore relatively small. Since the second closing chamber section 32 has a relatively large volume due to the conical cross section, the proportion of closing liquid that is larger than the diameter D1 is relatively large.

In Fig. 2 A drum valve 40 of the separator drum 10 can also be seen. A first outflow channel 41 is formed between the first closing chamber section 31 and the drum valve 40. However, a second outflow channel 42 is formed between the second closing chamber section 32 and the drum valve 40. The second outflow channel 42 is essentially perpendicular to the first outflow channel 41.

It can be seen that the inner diameter D3 of the first outflow channel 41 is larger than the inner diameter D2 of the second outflow channel 42. The second outflow channel 42 in particular has an inner diameter D2 of 1.5 mm. The opening 43 of the second outflow channel 42 is formed in the area of the largest diameter of the closing chamber 30. In particular, the opening 43 is formed in the horizontal end surface 34.

It can also be seen that the diameter D4, i.e. the outflow diameter of the first closing chamber section 31, is larger than the virtual diameter D1.

Due to the inventive design of the separator drum 10, in particular the piston slide 20 and the closing chamber 30, the following advantages arise:
The relatively small amount of closing liquid in the first closing chamber section 31 can be passed directly to the drum valve 40 via the first outflow channel 41, which has a relatively large inner diameter D3. This portion of the closing liquid can be drained very quickly from the rotating separator drum 10 via this drum valve 40. Because of this, the piston slide 20 is moved down very quickly.

The relatively large amount of closing liquid in the second closing chamber section 32 is simultaneously conducted via the second outflow channel 42. This second outflow channel 42, however, has a relatively small inner diameter D2. Due to this, the flow of the inflowing closing water is delayed in such a way that the opened drum valve 40 can be closed again before the closing liquid is completely drained away.

To delay the draining of the closing liquid portion from the second closing chamber section 32, a nozzle 44 is also formed in the second outflow channel 42.

The locking fluid, which is constantly refilled from the outside during partial emptying, simultaneously replenishes the drained locking fluid.

The piston slide 20, which is in the lowest position during the emptying process, can be pushed up again after a relatively short time in order to then close the separator drum 10 or the outlet 18 again.

Because of this, the switching times of the drum valve 40 are massively shortened.

As in Fig. 2 is indicated, the drum valve 40 is in operative connection with an opening fluid system in a known manner. For this purpose, an opening liquid channel 45 is formed.

In Fig. 3 the closing chamber 30 and an associated drum valve 40 are shown enlarged according to a second exemplary embodiment. In Fig. 3 the piston slide 20 is shown in a slightly raised position. It can be seen that the closing chamber 30 is formed in particular from the two closing chamber sections 31 and 32.

The exemplary embodiment of the Fig. 3 differs from the exemplary embodiment Fig. 2 First of all, the diameter D4, ie the outflow diameter of the first closing chamber section 31, is (approximately) equal to the virtual diameter D1.

In this context, the first outflow channel 41 has two sections, namely a first vertical section and a second oblique section. The first vertical section begins in an opening in the top 35 of the lower drum part 15 and ends in the second oblique section. The second inclined section in turn opens into the drum valve 40.

In Fig. 3 It is also shown that the first outflow channel 41 and the second outflow channel 42 run obliquely to one another, ie not perpendicular to one another.

Reference symbol list

10

Separator drum

11

centric inlet

12

Spin room

13

separation room

14

Solid space

15

drum base

16

Drum cover

17

Lock ring

18

(solid) outlet

20

Piston valve

21

Bottom of piston slide

22

Piston slide section

23

Piston slide section

24

vertical section

30

Locking chamber

31

first locking chamber section

32

second locking chamber section

33

Exterior section

34

horizontal end surface

35

Top drum base

36

Drum base section

37

Drum base section

38

vertical section

39

slit-shaped section

40

Drum valve

41

first outflow channel

42

second outflow channel

43

Opening of the second outflow channel

44

jet

45

Opening fluid channel

D1

virtual diameter

D2

Inner diameter of second outflow channel

D3

Inner diameter of first outflow channel

D4

Outflow diameter of the first closing chamber section

α

Angle second locking chamber section

Claims (12)

1. A separator drum (10) comprising a hydraulically actuated, axially movable piston slide valve (20), which can seal off a solids space (14) from at least one solids outlet (18), wherein the piston slide valve (20) can be held in its closed position via a closing chamber (30), which can be filled with closing liquid, in particular closing water, wherein the closing chamber (30) is formed between an underside (21) of the piston slide valve (20) and a top side (35) of a drum lower part (15), wherein

   the closing chamber (30) has a first closing chamber portion (31) near the axis of rotation (R) and a second closing chamber portion (32) remote from the axis of rotation (R),

   wherein the first closing chamber portion (31) is formed by two portions (22, 36), which are arranged parallel to one another, of the underside (21) of the piston slide valve (20) and of the top side (35) of the drum lower part (15),
   and

   the second closing chamber portion (32) has a conical cross section at least in part,

   characterized by

   at least a drum valve (40) for discharging closing liquid,

   wherein a first outflow channel (41) is formed between the first closing chamber portion (31) and the at least one drum valve (40), and a second outflow channel (42) is formed between the second closing chamber portion (32) and the at least one drum valve (40).
2. The separator drum (10) according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the second closing chamber portion (32) is formed by two portions (23; 37), which are arranged at an angle to one another, of the underside (21) of the piston slide valve (20) and of the top side (35) of the drum lower part (15).
3. The separator drum (10) according to claim 2,
   characterized in that
   the two portions (23; 37), which are arranged at an angle to one another, of the underside (21) of the piston slide valve (20) and of the top side (35) of the drum lower part (15) enclose an angle (α) of 10° - 45°, in particular of 15° - 40°, in particular of 17° - 35°, in particular of 18 - 30°, in particular of 19° - 25°, in particular of 20°.
4. The separator drum (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the ratio of the closing liquid volume in the first closing chamber portion (31) to the closing liquid volume in the second closing chamber portion (32) is 1:5 to 1:15, in particular 1:10.
5. The separator drum (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that a virtual diameter (D1), on which there is a balance between the opening force by the drum filling and the closing force by the closing liquid located in the closing chamber (30), is formed in the first closing chamber portion (31).
6. The separator drum (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the inner diameter (D3) of the first outflow channel (41) is larger than the inner diameter (D2) of the second outflow channel (42).
7. The separator drum (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   a nozzle (44) is formed in the second outflow channel (42) .
8. The separator drum (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the second outflow channel (42) has an inner diameter (D2) of 0.5 mm - 5.0 mm, in particular of 1.0 mm - 2.5 mm, in particular of 1.2 mm - 2.0 mm, in particular of 1.5 mm.
9. The separator drum (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the first outflow channel (41) has an inner diameter (D3) of 2.0 mm - 20.0 mm.
10. The separator drum (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the ratio of the inner diameter (D3) of the first outflow channel (41) to the inner diameter (D2) of the second outflow channel (42) is 1:3 to 1:15.
11. The separator drum (10) according to one of claims 5 to 10,
    characterized in that
    the flow-off diameter (D4) of the first closing chamber portion (31) is larger than or equal to the virtual diameter (D1).
12. The separator drum (10) according to one of claims 5 to 11,
    characterized in that
    an opening (43) of the second outflow channel (42) is formed in the region or in the vicinity of the largest diameter of the closing chamber (30).

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