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EP3712497B1 - Brûleur ainsi qu'un ensemble chaudière-brûleur - Google Patents

Brûleur ainsi qu'un ensemble chaudière-brûleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3712497B1
EP3712497B1 EP20164159.4A EP20164159A EP3712497B1 EP 3712497 B1 EP3712497 B1 EP 3712497B1 EP 20164159 A EP20164159 A EP 20164159A EP 3712497 B1 EP3712497 B1 EP 3712497B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
tip plate
outer tube
combustion head
apertures
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20164159.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3712497A1 (fr
EP3712497C0 (fr
Inventor
Joonas KATTELUS
Lassi Karvonen
Michele Danelon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oilon Technology Oy
Original Assignee
Oilon Technology Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US16/357,524 external-priority patent/US11060721B2/en
Priority claimed from CN201920351731.9U external-priority patent/CN211399774U/zh
Application filed by Oilon Technology Oy filed Critical Oilon Technology Oy
Publication of EP3712497A1 publication Critical patent/EP3712497A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3712497B1 publication Critical patent/EP3712497B1/fr
Publication of EP3712497C0 publication Critical patent/EP3712497C0/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F23D14/583—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration of elongated shape, e.g. slits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner capable of being installed in a boiler for burning a premixed air-fuel mixture.
  • the invention relates also to a boiler-burner assembly for burning a premixed air-fuel mixture.
  • premix burners are used for burning a mixture of premixed fuel and air. These burners are intended to attain low NOx emission levels. Particularly premix burners with a long combustion head, intended for attaining low NOx emissions (less than 9 ppm NOx emissions in flue gases) without substantial residual oxygen, are disclosed in the prior art, i.a. in the publication US-6,238,206 .
  • This prior known burner model is provided with a combustion head associated with the frame and extending a long way into the interior of a boiler.
  • the biggest downside of this burner has nevertheless been found to be a continuously relatively high NOx emission level, not completely fulfilling the stringent emission standards of e.g. certain states in the United States provided that the burner is to be operated efficiently, in other words, with residual oxygen of less than 3%.
  • Another weakness in relation to the discussed prior known premix burner is its limited compatibility with commercially available boilers.
  • a first objective of the invention is to provide a high-efficiency burner installable to a boiler, as well as a boiler-burner assembly in which a premixed air-fuel mixture can be combusted by the burner with low residual oxygen of less than 3% in such a way that the average NOx emissions in flue gases remain below 15 ppm, and with residual oxygen of less than 6% in such a way that the average NOx emissions in flue gases remain below 5 ppm.
  • a second objective of the invention is to provide a burner more readily installable to commercially available boilers, as well as a boiler-burner assembly obtainable thereby.
  • a burner capable of being installed to a boiler for burning a premixed air-fuel mixture, as well as with a boiler-burner assembly for burning a premixed air-fuel mixture.
  • the present invention relates to a burner installable to a boiler for burning a premixed air-fuel mixture.
  • the burner comprises a frame member provided with an elongated combustion head protruding from the frame member. What in a view from the frame member is a distal end of the combustion head is provided with a tip plate and the combustion head comprises an outer, larger diameter tube for a mixture of combustion air and fuel, as well as an inner, smaller diameter tube for combustion air.
  • the combustion head has its outer tube formed with at least one array of aperture lines encircling said body of the outer tube and, in addition, what in a view from the burner's frame member is a distal end opening of the outer tube, i.e. a tip opening of the outer tube, opens to below the tip plate.
  • Said outer tube is configured to be provided with a supply of premixed air-fuel mixture from the burner's frame member for conveying the premixed air-fuel mixture outward of the combustion head by way of the apertures included in the body of the outer tube, as well as by way of the outer tube's tip opening, and the inner tube of the combustion head is continuous and extends from the frame member forward of the tip plate.
  • the tip plate has a width substantially equal to the diameter of the outer tube's tip opening and the direction of a plane defined by the tip plate is transverse to a longitudinal direction of the combustion head.
  • the burner comprises a frame member remaining outside the boiler and has associated therewith an elongated combustion head protruding from said frame member.
  • the combustion head has its first section remaining outside the boiler or connected to structures of the boiler and the combustion head has its second section extending into an interior of the boiler.
  • a distal end of the combustion head is provided with a tip plate, said combustion head comprising an outer, larger diameter tube for a mixture of combustion air and fuel as well as an inner, smaller diameter tube.
  • patent document CN106949471 A Most closest prior art to present invention has been presentented in patent document CN106949471 A .
  • this patent document do not provide an inner tube for cooling the tip plate.
  • the tip plate has a width substantially equal to the diameter of the outer tube's tip opening
  • the width of the tip plate may about the same or slightly bigger or slightly smaller than the width of the tip opening of the outer tube.
  • the plane R of a tip plate is perceived as a plane extending across the tip plate's center axis and extending in a lengthwise direction of the tip plate.
  • the air-fuel mixture discharging from the outer tube's mouth is directed away from the combustion head's longitudinal center axis at an angle of about 40-80 degrees, especially at an angle of 60 degrees, in a view of the flow from the burner's frame member.
  • the combustion head has its outer tube formed with a first plurality of apertures, for example a plurality of apertures with a circular cross-section.
  • This plurality of apertures consists of a line of apertures with the apertures included therein encircling the outer tube in the proximity of what is its distal end in view from the burner's frame.
  • the combustion head is formed with a second plurality of apertures consisting of apertures with an elongated or oblong cross-section, such as apertures with a cross-section in oval or elliptical shape, said second plurality of apertures being made up of a line of apertures with the apertures included therein encircling the outer tube preferably in its mid-section.
  • the present invention is first of all based on a combustion head being constructed of two concentric tubes, and the inner tube is supplied with cooling air which flows from the inner tube forward of a tip plate and further through air openings included in the tip plate. This cools down the tip plate while on a rear side of the tip plate is established a side flame C (subsequently also a flame portion), said side flame having a temperature which is lower than that of a main flame B which is adjoined by said side flame C.
  • the cooling of a tip plate achieves a significant benefit in the sense that the tip plate cooling also protects the electric wires extending within the inner tube from excessive heating.
  • the invention is based on having between a side edge of the tip plate and a front surface of the tip plate an oblique angle of incidence, especially an angle of 40-80 degrees. Consequently, the air-fuel mixture delivered to a forward side of the tip plate by way of the outer tube is directed at an angle, preferably at an angle of about 60 degrees, forward and away from a longitudinal center axis of the combustion head in a view of the gas flow from burner's frame member.
  • the tip of a combustion head (rearward of a plane R approximately defined by the tip plate) is provided with an advantageous, large-volume main flame B in a hollow cone shape. It is a large volume of the main flame B that achieves a low temperature for the main flame and reduces NOx emissions remarkably. Additionally, it is a conical shape of the main flame that enhances intra-boiler return flows, which further expand the main flame volume and reduce NOx emissions.
  • the boiler has outlet ports for flue gases on the rearward side of what in a view from the burner's frame member is a plane defined by the tip plate, immediately behind a flame portion C, present on the rear side of the tip plate, will be generated a flame portion D with powerful return flows of flue gas being directed therefrom e.g. into zones of the main flame B and the side flame C.
  • the discussed return flows of flue gas are generated e.g. by a shape of the flame as well as by an inclined position of the flame plate's side edges with respect to a front surface of the flame plate. It is by virtue of the return flows of flue gas that carbon monoxide emissions within a zone of the flame portion D burn out with high efficiency.
  • the invention is based on having the outer tube of a combustion head formed with a first array of apertures, for example apertures with a circular cross-section.
  • the combustion head is formed with a second array of apertures consisting preferably of apertures with an elongated cross-section, such as apertures with cross-sections in oval or elliptical shape.
  • the air-fuel mixture delivered from the first and second lines of apertures around the combustion head, increases the temperature of a flame portion A generated around the combustion head and simultaneously stabilizes this particular flame portion.
  • the outer tube is provided with mechanical adjustment elements capable of being used for configuring the size of elongated apertures included in the outer tube's walls, thereby providing a capability of configuring the temperature of the combustion head-surrounding flame portion A so as to make it appropriate for each boiler.
  • fig. 1 shows in its entirety, in a view from outside, a burner 1 of the invention, which is capable of being installed to a boiler 9.
  • Fig. 2 discloses details of an outer tube 3 for a combustion head 2of the burner, which details remain inside a boiler as the burner is installed.
  • the combustion head 2 has a body of its outer tube 3 provided with two arrays of aperture lines 31, 33 encircling said body 30 of the outer tube 3 and visible also in figs. 1 , 3A , 4 and 5 .
  • the burner 1 comprises a combustion head 2 associated with a frame member 5.
  • the burner 1 is installable to a boiler by means of a flange 91.
  • What in a view from the frame member 5 of the burner 1 is an outer end of the combustion head 2 is provided with a tip plate 7.
  • the figure reveals an outer tube 3 of the combustion head 2, as well as a smaller diameter, inner tube 4 present completely inside the outer tube 3.
  • the actual combustion head 2 comprises an outer, larger diameter tube 3, and a smaller diameter, inner tube 4 more clearly visible in section figures 3A-5 , which extends in its entirety inside the outer tube 3.
  • the inner tube 4 of the combustion head 2 has a body which is continuous, uniform, and extends in a view from the frame member 5 to a forward side 7d; 7d2 of a tip plate 7 and connects all the way to a front surface 7c of the tip plate.
  • the inner tube 4 is intended for combustion air and is used in a subsequently described manner (cf. figs. 3A and 3B ) for preventing the temperature of a tip plate 7 mounted to the boiler 1, as well as that of a flame portion C present behind the tip plate, from becoming excessively high.
  • the outer tube in turn, has its mouth 35 opening into a second space 7d1 on the forward side 7d of the tip plate 7. Blending of gas flows 55, 80 arriving in the first space 7d2 and the second space 7d1 on the forward side 7d of the tip plate 7 is prevented as the inner tube 4 extends all the way to the tip plate's front surface 7c.
  • the tip plate 7 has width which is roughly equal to a diameter of the outer tube's 3 tip opening 35 in the direction of a plane R defined by the tip plate 7.
  • the direction of the tip plate's R plane is transverse to a lengthwise direction P of the combustion head.
  • the combustion head 2 has a body of its outer tube 3 provided with two arrays of aperture lines 31, 33 encircling said body 30 of the outer tube 3, whereof the apertures included in the aperture line 31 are elongated in shape, cf. also figs, 1, 2 , 4A , 5A .
  • a second array of apertures formed in the combustion head 2 consists of apertures with an elongated cross-section, such as apertures with oval and/or ellipse-shaped cross-sections extending through the body 30 of the tube 3.
  • This plurality of apertures is made up of an aperture line 31 with the apertures included therein encircling the tube 3 in its mid-section or middle region at an equal distance from a distal end 3a of the outer tube 3 in a view from the burner's frame member 5.
  • Fig. 3A reveals also mechanical adjustment elements 10 provided in connection with the outer tube 3 of the combustion head 2 for adjusting opening sizes of the elliptical apertures 31 included in the outer tube's 3 walls.
  • the mechanical adjustment elements comprise in this case a flange element present on the outer tube's internal surface, especially a collar 10a, which is displaceable to cover partially or completely the elongated apertures of the aperture line 31.
  • the collar 10a enables adaptation of a fuel-air mixture 40 flowing from the apertures of the aperture line 31 to become appropriate for each boiler size and shape so as to enable optimization of the temperature of a flame portion A formed around the combustion head 2 in a subsequently described manner.
  • Fig. 3B reveals, likewise in a longitudinal section view and in more detail, a region around the tip plate 7 of the combustion head 2 visible in fig. 3A .
  • a main flame B as well as a side flame C developing immediately behind the tip plate 7, on a rearward side 7c.
  • the tip plate 7 signifies a so-called flame plate, which is used for spreading a mixture 80 of combustion air and fuel, arriving from a tip 3a of the larger tube 3, into the boiler 9.
  • the tip plate 7 can be used for protecting electric wires extending within the inner tube 4 from excessive heating.
  • the tip plate 7 is firstly provided with a plurality of air openings 71 extending through the tip plate 7 and, in addition, the inner tube 4 has its mouth opening in the traveling direction of combustion air 55 immediately onto a forward side 7; 7d2 of the tip plate 7 into alignment with the air openings 71 extending through the tip plate 7.
  • Inside the inner tube 4 is a space for example for electrification.
  • the inner tube 4 is provided with a supply of combustion air 55 from the burner's 1 frame member 5 for conveying the combustion air 55 onto a forward side 7; 7d2 of the tip plate 7 and further through the air openings 71 onto a rearward side 7e of the tip plate.
  • By cooling the tip plate 7 it is possible to install for example electrical wirings (not shown in the figures) inside the inner tube. Electrification cannot be carried out this way in prior known burners.
  • the tip plate 7 is disposed at such a distance lengthwise P of the combustion head 2 from the mouth 35 of the outer tube 3 that the air-fuel mixture 80, arriving by way of the outer tube 3 in a second space 7d; 7d1 present on a forward side 7d of the tip plate's 7 front surface 7c, shall flow from the space 7d; 7d1 present on a forward side of the tip plate 7 in a flow co-directional with a side edge 7a of the tip plate over onto the other side of a plane R of the tip plate. Between the tip plate's 7 side edge 7a and the tip plate's 7 rear surface 7b is an angle of incidence a.
  • nitrogen oxide emissions are principally generated as atmospheric nitrogen is oxidized as a result of high temperature (so-called thermal NOx emissions). It is by lowering the flame temperature in a boiler that NOx emissions can be effectively reduced.
  • the flow 60 of an air-fuel mixture is directed at an angle of about 650 degrees away from a center line P of the combustion head, thereby producing at a tip of the combustion head 2 (behind a plane R defined approximately by the tip plate) a favorable, large-volume main flame B in the shape of a hollow cone. It is a large volume of the main flame B which achieves a low temperature for the main flame and reduces thermal NOx emissions considerably.
  • the main flame's conical shape enhances return flows internal of the boiler 9, which further expand a volume of the main flame B and reduce NOx emissions.
  • fig. 4A is illustrated one embodiment of the invention , wherein the burner 1, visible in figs. 3A-3B , is installed by means of a flange 91 to a boiler 9; 9' in which the flue gases discharge from the boiler from behind the tip plate 7 in a view from the frame member 5.
  • a flame A, B, C, D generated in such a boiler 9; 9' by means of a burner of the invention.
  • the boiler 9; 9' visible in fig. 4B has outlet ports for flue gases behind a plane R defined by the combustion head's tip plate as viewed from the burner's frame member 5.
  • a flame portion C present immediately behind the tip plate 7
  • a flame portion D whose temperature is higher than that of said flame portion C.
  • CO emissions carbon monoxide emissions
  • fig. 5A is illustrated another embodiment of the invention , wherein the burner 1, visible in figs. 3A-3B , is installed by means of a flange 91 to a boiler 9; 9' in which the flue gases leave the boiler from what in a view from the frame member 5 is a forward side of the tip plate 7 (this is a boiler equipped with a so-called reverse flame boiler).
  • fig. 5B is visible a flame A, B, C, D obtainable in such a boiler 9; 9' with a burner of the utility model.
  • Figs.1 and 3A reveal a flange 91, which surrounds a combustion head 2 and by means of which the burner's 1 combustion head 2 is coupled to a wall of the boiler 9.
  • the burner 1 comprises a frame member 5, which remains outside the boiler 9 and to which is connected an elongated combustion head 2 protruding from said frame member 5.
  • the combustion head 2 has its first section 22 remaining outside the boiler 9 or being connected to structures of the boiler 9 by means of the flange 91.
  • a section 2; 21 of the combustion head remaining inside the boiler 9 is, in the embodiments of the invention presented in figs. 4A and 4B as well as 5A and 5B, similar to what has already been described above.
  • the opening at a distal end of the outer tube 3, i.e. the opening 35 at a tip 3a of the outer tube 3, opens onto a forward side 7d of the tip plate 7 into a space 7d1.
  • the tip plate 7 is used for spreading a flame, for lowering the temperature of a main flame B obtainable inside the boiler, as well as for generating a flame portion C behind the tip plate.
  • the flame portion C has a temperature lower than that of the main flame B, whereby the flame portion C cools down the main flame B and, in addition, the flame portion C cools down the tip plate 7 and an air duct extending inside the tube 4 present there below.
  • the cooling of an air duct present inside the tube 4 enables for example electrical wiring to be brought inside the tube 4.
  • Temperature of the flame portion C behind the tip plate 7 depends on boiler dimensions, whereby the flame portion C may typically have immediately behind the tip plate a temperature which is by way of example 900-1200°C, depending nevertheless significantly on the shape and volume of the actual boiler.
  • the flame portion C generated in the interior 90 of this boiler 9 has a temperature which is lower than that of the main flame B surrounding the same.
  • the outer tube 3 is provided with a outer tube combustion air 50.
  • outer tube combustion air 50 From the burner's 1 frame member 5 arrives outer tube combustion air 50, which is premixed with a mixer 8 and then the mixed outer tube combustion air 50 is supplemented with a fuel by way of an aperture line 72 intended for fuel (cf. figs. 3A , 4A , 5A ).
  • the apertures of said aperture line 72 encircle the outer tube 3 at a short distance from the mixer 8 in a lengthwise direction P of the combustion head 2.
  • the premixed air-fuel mixture 80 produced thereby proceeds further towards what in a view from the frame member is a distal end 3a of the outer tube 3.
  • the premixed air-fuel mixture 80 finds its way outside of the combustion head 2 by way of apertures of the aperture lines 31, 33 included in a body of the outer tube 3, as well as by way of a mouth (tip opening) 35 of the outer tube 3, which mouth opens into a space 7d1 present on a forward side 7d of the tip plate 7 and defined by a front surface 7c and a side edge 7a of the tip plate 7.
  • the space 7d1 is defined in a lengthwise direction of the combustion head 2 by an outer surface of the inner tube 4 and into said space opens the outer tube's mouth 35.
  • the space 7d1 opens in a direction away from the combustion head's 2 center line.
  • the combustion head 2 has its tip plate 71 located at such a distance from the outer tube's 3 mouth 35 that the gaseous mixture 80 of air and fuel arriving in the space 7d1 on a forward side 7d of the tip plate 7 has a flow connection from the space 7d1 of the tip plate's 71 forward side 7d into an interior 90 of the boiler 9.
  • an oblique angle of incidence a is about 40-80 degrees, especially about 60 degrees, when viewing the tip plate 7 from where the burner's 1 frame member is located.
  • the angle of incidence is about 60 degrees in a view of the tip plate from the burner's frame member 5.
  • This angle of incidence a between the side edge and the tip plate's plane R has such a result that the tip plate's side edge 7a directs the air-fuel mixture 80, supplied into the space 7d1 on a forward side 7d of the tip plate 7, to proceed along said side edge 7a, whereby the air-fuel mixture 80 has its stream 60 directed away from the combustion head's longitudinal center line P, as well as at what in a view from the frame member 5 is an angle of about 40-80 degrees, at the same angle of about 60 degrees, away and forward when viewed from the combustion head's 2 longitudinal center line P and frame member 5.
  • the coordination system is the same as mentioned before.
  • the main flame B is stabilized partially by a flame portion C generated on a rearward side of the tip plate C, but mostly the main flame B is stabilized by using a flame portion A, which is to be developed around the combustion head 2 and is contiguous to the main flame (cf. figs. 4B and 5B ).
  • the combustion head 2 has its outer tube 3 preferably formed with a first plurality of apertures consisting of apertures with a circular cross-section, said plurality of apertures being made up of an aperture line 31, the apertures included therein encircling a body 30 of the outer tube 3 at an equal first distance from what in a view from the burner's frame member 5 is its distal end 3a (cf. figs. 3A, 3B , 4A, 4B , 5A, 5B ).
  • the combustion head 2 has its outer tube 3 also formed with a second plurality of apertures consisting of an aperture line 31, the apertures included therein encircling the outer tube 3 in its mid-section or central region at an equal second distance from what in a view from the burner's frame member 5 is distal end 3a of the outer tube 3.
  • the first aperture line 33 has its apertures located closer to the combustion head's 2 tip than the apertures of the second aperture line 31.
  • the apertures of the second aperture line 31 are apertures with an elongated cross-section, such as apertures with oblong, oval or ellipse-shaped cross-sections extending through a body 30 of the outer tube 3.
  • the stream 40 of the air-fuel mixture 80 passing through the apertures has its rate through the apertures of the aperture lines 31, 33 depending, among others, on a flow rate of the stream 40 of the air-fuel mixture 80, as well as on the size of the apertures in the aperture lines 31, 33.
  • the fuel-air mixture 80 discharges by way of the aperture lines 31 and 33 in the form of a stream 40 whose direction is at an angle of about 90 degrees with respect to a longitudinal center line P of the combustion head 2, thereby generating a flame portion A around the combustion head 2.
  • a flame portion A Around the combustion head 2 there is a lot of swirling and flue gas return flows.
  • adjusting the size of apertures included in the aperture line 31 consisting of elongated apertures is enabled by means of mechanical adjustment elements 10; 10a, thereby enabling temperature of the flame portion A to be adjusted appropriately for each boiler type.
  • the boiler 9; 9 a so-called reverse flame boiler
  • the boiler 9; 9 has outlet ports for flue gases located behind what in a view from the burner's 1 frame member 5 is a plane R defined by the combustion head's 2 tip plate 7.
  • This type of boiler develops a basically similar main flame B, a flame portion C present behind the tip plate, and a flame portion A which surrounds the combustion head and raises temperature in the combustion head's vicinity and stabilizes the main flame B, whereby the flame portion A is delimited the same way as in the boiler-burner assembly of figs. 4A-4B .
  • the return flow of flue gases from the main flame B diverts towards the outlet ports for flue gases, whereby the main flame is generally smaller.
  • the flame portion D does not have much significance in this type of boiler-burner assembly.
  • Fig. 6A reveals one optional construction of a combustion head 2; 2' for a burner 1.
  • This combustion head 2; 2' is provided with a tip plate similar to that included in the burner 1 shown in figs. 1-5 , but in this case the outer tube 3 is only formed with a single plurality of apertures, which consists of an aperture line 31, the apertures included therein being apertures with elongated, oblong, such as oval or ellipse-shaped, cross-sections.
  • This aperture line encircles a body 30 of the outer tube 3 approximately in a mid-section of the body. It is also possible to provide this way a boiler-burner assembly, in which the main flame B has a volume which is comparatively large.
  • Fig. 6B reveals another possible construction of a combustion head 2; 2" for a burner 1, which provides a few benefits of a burner according to the invention .
  • the virtual angle of incidence a formed by a side edge 7a of the tip plate 71 with a plane R defined by the tip plate, is co-directional with a center line P of the combustion head 2.
  • the air-fuel mixture discharging from a tip 3a of the outer tube 3 is directed at an angle of 90 degrees away from the longitudinal center line P of the combustion head 2.
  • the combustion head 2 has its outer tube 3 formed with three successive arrays of apertures, each of said arrays of apertures consisting of an aperture line 37; 37', 37", 37"', the apertures included therein being circular in cross-section and each aperture line encircling the outer tube 3 preferably in a mid-section of its body.
  • Fig. 6C reveals still another possible construction of a combustion head 2; 2" for a burner 1, which burner is otherwise similar to that presented in 6B except different pattern and location of aperture lines.
  • the combustion head 2 has its outer tube 3 provided with array of apertures consisting of an aperture line 37, in which the apertures are circular in cross-section and aperture line encircling the outer tube 3 near the tip-plate 7.
  • the outer tube 3 is provided with a single plurality of apertures, which consists of an aperture line 31, the apertures included therein being apertures with elongated, oblong, such as oval or ellipse-shaped, cross-sections.
  • This aperture line encircles a body 30 of the outer tube 3 approximately in a near frame member of the body 30 as the tip plate 7 is viewed from where the burner's 1 frame member 5 is located.
  • FIG. 7 shows schematically the method steps for generating a flame (A, B, C, D) inside of a boiler ( 9). Said boiler has been combined to ta burner of the present invention shown specifically in figures 1 -6 .
  • Burner 1 Combustion head 2 section remaining inside boiler 21 section remaining outside boiler 22
  • Inner tube, smaller diameter tube 4 Frame member of the burner 5 Tip plate 7 side edge 7a rear surface 7b front surface 7c forward side 7d spaces on forward side 7d1, 7d2 rearward side 7e air opening 71 line of openings for fuel 72
  • Mechanical adjustment elements 10 Stream of premixed air-fuel mixture (into boiler) 40
  • Supply of outer tube combustion air 50
  • Supply of inner tube combustion air 55
  • Stream of gas mixture from a side of the tip plate (into boiler) 60
  • Flow of combustion air through the tip plate (into boiler) 65
  • Premixed air-fuel mixture 80 Flame A, B

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (36)

  1. Brûleur pouvant être installé sur une chaudière (9) pour brûler un mélange air-combustible prémélangé, ledit brûleur (1) comprenant un élément de cadre (5) pourvu d'une tête de combustion allongée (2) faisant saillie à partir de l'élément de cadre et ayant ce qui, dans une vue à partir de l'élément de cadre, est son extrémité distale pourvue d'une plaque de pointe (7), ladite tête de combustion (2) comprenant un tube externe de plus grand diamètre (3) pour un mélange d'air de combustion et de combustible, ainsi qu'un tube interne de plus petit diamètre (4) pour l'air de combustion, moyennant quoi
    la tête de combustion (2) a son tube externe (3) formé d'au moins un réseau de lignes d'ouverture (31, 37) entourant un corps (30) du tube externe (3) et, en outre, ce qui, dans une vue à partir de l'élément de cadre du brûleur (1) est une ouverture d'extrémité distale du tube externe, c'est-à-dire une ouverture de pointe (35) au niveau d'une pointe (3a) du tube externe (3), s'ouvre en dessous de la plaque de pointe (7), ledit tube externe (3) étant configuré pour être pourvu d'une alimentation en mélange air-combustible prémélangé (80) pour transporter le mélange air-combustible prémélangé (80) vers l'extérieur de la tête de combustion (2) au moyen des ouvertures (31) d'au moins un réseau de lignes d'ouverture incluses dans le corps du tube externe (3), ainsi qu'au moyen de l'ouverture de pointe du tube externe, et
    le tube interne (4) de la tête de combustion (2) est continu et s'étend à partir de l'élément de cadre (5) vers l'avant de la plaque de pointe, ladite plaque de pointe (7) ayant une largeur sensiblement égale au diamètre de l'ouverture de pointe (35) du tube externe (3) et la direction d'un plan (R) défini par la plaque de pointe (7) est transversale à une direction longitudinale (P) de la tête de combustion, dans lequel la direction longitudinale de la tête de combustion est la direction de l'axe central longitudinal de la tête de combustion,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - entre un bord latéral (7a) de la plaque de pointe (7) et le plan (R) de la plaque de pointe (7) se trouve un angle d'incidence oblique (a) pour diriger un gaz délivré vers l'avant de la plaque de pointe (7) à l'écart de l'axe central longitudinal de la tête de combustion (2),
    - la tête de combustion (2) a sa plaque de pointe (7) pourvue d'une pluralité d'ouvertures d'air (71) s'étendant à travers la plaque de pointe (8) et c'est pour refroidir la plaque de pointe (7) que le tube interne (4) est par ailleurs pourvu d'une alimentation en air de combustion (55) pour transporter l'air de combustion à travers les ouvertures d'air (71) de la plaque de pointe.
  2. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'embouchure du tube interne (4) s'ouvre dans un premier espace (7d2) présent sur ce qui, dans la direction de déplacement d'air de combustion, est un côté avant (7d) de la plaque de pointe (7), et en alignement avec les ouvertures d'air (71) de la plaque de pointe (7).
  3. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'air de combustion (55) est conçu pour s'écouler à partir de l'élément de cadre (5) du brûleur à travers le tube interne (4) et plus loin le long du tube interne (4), s'étendant jusqu'à ce qui, dans une vue à partir de l'élément de cadre 5 du brûleur, est une surface avant (7c) de la plaque de pointe (7), dans un premier espace (7d2) présent sur un côté avant (7d) de la plaque de pointe (7), et plus loin à travers les ouvertures d'air (71) de la plaque de pointe (7) jusqu'à un côté arrière (7e) de la plaque de pointe (7).
  4. Brûleur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la tête de combustion (2) a sa plaque de pointe (7) disposée à une distance telle de l'ouverture de pointe (35) du tube externe (3) que le mélange air-combustible (80), arrivant au moyen du tube externe dans un second espace (7d1) présent sur un côté avant (7d) de la surface avant (7c) de la plaque de pointe (7), peut s'écouler à partir du second espace (7d1) sur le côté avant (7d) de la plaque de pointe (7) dans un intérieur (90) de la chaudière (9).
  5. Brûleur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tube interne (4) a son embouchure conçue pour s'ouvrir dans un premier espace (7d2) sur le côté avant (7d) de la plaque de pointe et le tube externe (3) a son ouverture de pointe conçue pour s'ouvrir dans un second espace (7d1) sur le côté avant (7d) de la plaque de pointe, moyennant quoi la fusion des mélanges air-combustible arrivant dans ledit premier espace (7d2) et le second espace (7d1) sur le côté avant (7d) de la plaque de pointe est empêchée au moyen d'une surface externe du tube interne (4).
  6. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un réseau de lignes d'ouverture (31, 37) entourant un corps (30) du tube externe (3) sont les ouvertures (31) de section transversale allongée, telles que des ouvertures (31) avec des sections transversales ovales ou elliptiques.
  7. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures (31) avec une section transversale allongée sont situées à proximité de la section médiane ou de la région centrale du tube externe ou à proximité.
  8. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un réseau de lignes d'ouverture (31, 37) entourant un corps (30) du tube externe (3) sont des ouvertures (37) avec une section transversale circulaire.
  9. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un réseau de lignes d'ouverture, ayant des ouvertures avec une section transversale circulaire, entourent le tube externe près de ce qui, dans une vue à partir de l'élément de cadre (5) du brûleur, est son extrémité distale (3a).
  10. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la tête de combustion (2) a son tube externe (3) formé d'une première pluralité d'ouvertures (37), constituée de l'une de l'au moins un réseau de lignes d'ouverture ayant des ouvertures avec une section transversale circulaire, les ouvertures incluses à l'intérieur entourant le tube externe près de ce qui, dans une vue à partir de l'élément de cadre (5) du brûleur, est son extrémité distale (3a) et, en outre, la tête de combustion (2) est formée d'une seconde pluralité d'ouvertures, qui sont des ouvertures (31) avec une section transversale allongée, ladite seconde pluralité d'ouvertures étant constituée d'une autre de l'au moins un réseau de lignes d'ouverture, les ouvertures incluses à l'intérieur entourant le tube externe (3) plus loin que ce qui, dans une vue à partir de l'élément de cadre (5) du brûleur, est son extrémité distale (3a).
  11. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures (31) de section transversale allongée sont des ouvertures (31) à section transversale ovale.
  12. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures (31) de section transversale allongée sont des ouvertures (31) à section transversale elliptique.
  13. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures (31) avec une section transversale allongée sont situées à proximité de la section médiane ou de la région centrale du tube externe ou à proximité.
  14. Brûleur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la tête de combustion (2) est en outre pourvue, en connexion avec son tube externe (3), d'éléments de réglage mécanique (10) pour régler la taille d'ouverture des ouvertures (31, 37) incluses dans des parois du tube externe (3).
  15. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de réglage mécanique (10) comprennent un élément de bride, qui est présent sur une surface interne du tube externe et qui est déplaçable pour couvrir partiellement ou complètement les ouvertures de la ligne d'ouverture allongée de l'au moins un réseau de lignes d'ouverture (31).
  16. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de bride est un collier.
  17. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'angle d'incidence virtuel (a) formé par un bord latéral de la plaque de pointe (71) avec un plan (R) défini par la plaque de pointe est co-directionnel avec un axe central longitudinal de la tête de combustion (2), moyennant quoi le mélange air-combustible s'échappant d'une pointe (3a) du tube externe (3) est dirigé selon un angle de 90 degrés à l'écart de l'axe central longitudinal de la tête de combustion (2).
  18. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que la tête de combustion (2) a son tube externe (3) formé de trois réseaux successifs d'ouvertures, chacun desdits réseaux d'ouvertures étant constitué de l'une de l'au moins un réseau de lignes d'ouverture, et chaque ligne d'ouverture entourant le tube externe (3).
  19. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures incluses dans le réseau de lignes d'ouverture ont une section transversale circulaire.
  20. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que chaque ligne d'ouverture se trouve dans une section médiane du corps du tube externe.
  21. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de pointe (7) a son bord latéral (7a) selon un angle de 40 à 80 degrés, avec un plan (R) défini par la plaque de pointe (7) lorsque la plaque de pointe est vue à partir de l'endroit où se trouve l'élément de cadre (5) du brûleur (1).
  22. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de pointe (7) a son bord latéral (7a) selon un angle de 60 degrés, avec un plan (R) défini par la plaque de pointe (7) lorsque la plaque de pointe est vue à partir de l'endroit où se trouve l'élément de cadre (5) du brûleur (1).
  23. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 22, caractérisé en ce que la tête de combustion (2) a son tube externe (3) formé d'une pluralité d'ouvertures unique, qui est constituée d'un réseau unique d'une ligne d'ouverture (37), les ouvertures incluses à l'intérieur ayant une section transversale allongée, par exemple de forme ovale ou elliptique, ledit réseau unique de ligne d'ouverture entourant un corps (30) du tube externe (3) dans sa section médiane.
  24. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 23, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures incluses dans le réseau unique de ligne d'ouverture ont une section transversale de forme ovale ou elliptique.
  25. Brûleur (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le tube interne (4) a des fils électriques s'étendant en son intérieur.
  26. Ensemble chaudière-brûleur pour brûler un mélange air-combustible prémélangé (80) avec une flamme (A, B, C, D) générée à l'intérieur (90) d'une chaudière (9),
    ledit brûleur (1) comprenant un élément de cadre (5) restant à l'extérieur de la chaudière (9) et auquel est associée une tête de combustion allongée (2) faisant saillie à partir dudit élément de cadre (5) et ayant une première section (22) de celui-ci restant à l'extérieur de la chaudière (9) ou étant connectée à des structures de la chaudière (9) et ayant une seconde section (21) de celui-ci s'étendant dans un intérieur de la chaudière (9), et ladite tête de combustion (2) ayant ce qui, dans une vue à partir de l'élément de cadre (5) du brûleur (1), est son extrémité distale pourvue d'une plaque de pointe (7), ladite tête de combustion (2) comprenant un tube externe de plus grand diamètre (3) pour un mélange d'air de combustion et de combustible ainsi qu'un tube interne de plus petit diamètre (4), moyennant quoi
    la tête de combustion (2) a son tube externe (3) formé d'au moins un réseau de lignes d'ouverture (31, 37) entourant un corps du tube externe (3) et, en outre, ce qui, dans une vue à partir de l'élément de cadre du brûleur (1), est une ouverture d'extrémité distale du tube externe (3), c'est-à-dire une ouverture de pointe (35) au niveau d'une pointe (3a) du tube externe (3), s'ouvre dans un second espace (7d1) sur un côté avant (7d) de la plaque de pointe (7), ledit tube externe (3) étant configuré pour être pourvu d'une alimentation en mélange air-combustible prémélangé (80) pour transporter le mélange air-combustible prémélangé (80) vers l'extérieur de la tête de combustion (2) au moyen des ouvertures (31, 37) incluses dans le corps du tube externe (3), ainsi qu'au moyen de l'ouverture de pointe du tube externe (35), et
    le tube interne (4) de la tête de combustion (2) est continu et s'étend à partir de l'élément de cadre (5) dans un premier espace (7d2) sur un côté avant (7d) de la plaque de pointe (7), ladite plaque de pointe (7) ayant une largeur (approximativement égale au diamètre de l'ouverture de pointe (35) du tube externe (3) et la direction d'un plan (R) défini par la plaque de pointe (7) est transversale par rapport à une direction longitudinale (P) de la tête de combustion (2), la direction longitudinale de la tête de combustion est la direction de l'axe central longitudinal de la tête de combustion,
    caractérisé en ce que
    à partir de l'élément de cadre (5) du brûleur (1) est configurée pour être fournie une alimentation en air de combustion (55) dans le tube interne (4) de la tête de combustion (2) pour transporter l'air de combustion (55) au moyen dudit tube interne vers ce qui, dans une vue à partir de l'élément de cadre (5) du brûleur (1), est un côté avant (7d) de la plaque de pointe (71) et plus loin à travers des ouvertures d'air (71) incluses dans la plaque de pointe pour refroidir ladite plaque de pointe, moyennant quoi la température d'une première partie de flamme (C) générée dans l'intérieur (90) de la chaudière (9), laquelle température est établie dans l'intérieur (90) de la chaudière immédiatement derrière la plaque de pointe (71), est inférieure à la température d'une flamme principale (B) l'entourant,
    la tête de combustion (2) a sa plaque de pointe (71) située à une distance telle de l'ouverture de pointe (35) du tube externe (3) que le gaz arrivant dans un second espace (7d1) sur un côté avant (7d) de la plaque de pointe (7) a une connexion d'écoulement à partir du second espace (7d1) sur le côté avant (7d) de la plaque de pointe (71) dans un intérieur (90) de la chaudière (9) et, en outre, entre un bord latéral (7a) de la plaque de pointe (7) et un plan (R) défini par la plaque de pointe (7) se trouve un angle d'incidence (a) à la suite duquel le gaz fourni au côté avant de la plaque de pointe (7) est dirigé angulairement à l'écart d'un axe central longitudinal de la tête de combustion (2), générant une flamme principale (B) qui entoure ladite première partie de flamme (C).
  27. Ensemble chaudière-brûleur selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce que l'alimentation en mélange air-combustible prémélangé (80) provient de l'élément de cadre (5) du brûleur.
  28. Ensemble chaudière-brûleur selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce que le gaz arrivant dans un second espace (7d1) sur un côté avant (7d) de la plaque de pointe (7) est le mélange air-combustible (80).
  29. Ensemble chaudière-brûleur selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce qu'entre un bord latéral (7a) de la plaque de pointe (7) et une surface arrière (7b) de la plaque de pointe (7) se trouve un angle d'incidence (a), qui est d'environ 40 à 80 degrés, en particulier d'environ 60 degrés, lorsque la plaque de pointe (7) est vue à partir de l'endroit où se trouve l'élément de cadre du brûleur (1), pour diriger un flux (60) de mélange air-combustible (80), s'échappant d'une ouverture de pointe (35) du tube externe (3), à l'écart d'un axe central longitudinal de la tête de combustion respectivement selon un angle d'environ 40 à 80 degrés, lorsque le flux est vu à partir de l'endroit où se trouve l'élément de cadre de pointe du brûleur.
  30. Ensemble chaudière-brûleur selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce qu'entre un bord latéral (7a) de la plaque de pointe (7) et une surface arrière (7b) de la plaque de pointe (7) se trouve un angle d'incidence (a), qui est de 60 degrés, lorsque la plaque de pointe (7) est vue à partir de l'endroit où se trouve l'élément de cadre du brûleur (1), pour diriger un flux (60) de mélange air-combustible (80), s'échappant d'une ouverture de pointe (35) du tube externe (3), à l'écart d'un axe central longitudinal de la tête de combustion respectivement selon un angle de 60 degrés, lorsque le flux est vu à partir de l'endroit où se trouve l'élément de cadre de pointe du brûleur.
  31. Ensemble chaudière-brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 26 à 30, caractérisé en ce qu'un ou le flux (60) de mélange air-combustible prémélangé (80), fourni à partir de l'élément de cadre (5) du brûleur (1) au moyen du tube externe (3) de la tête de combustion (2) dans un intérieur (90) de la chaudière (9), génère dans l'intérieur (90) de la chaudière (9) une flamme principale (B) dans laquelle la combustion de combustible a lieu dans une zone de combustion conique au niveau d'une pointe de la tête de combustion (2).
  32. Ensemble chaudière-brûleur selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce qu'un flux (40) de mélange air-combustible (80) est également fourni au moyen des ouvertures de l'au moins un réseau de lignes d'ouverture (31, 37) pour générer une deuxième partie de flamme (A), qui entoure la tête de combustion (2) et est contiguë à la flamme principale (B), stabilisant ainsi ladite flamme principale (B).
  33. Ensemble chaudière-brûleur selon la revendication 32, caractérisé en ce que le mélange air-combustible (80) est conçu pour s'écouler, la température et la zone de combustion de la deuxième partie de flamme (A) étant variables en faisant varier le diamètre d'ouvertures incluses dans l'au moins un réseau de lignes d'ouverture (31, 37).
  34. Ensemble chaudière-brûleur selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce que la chaudière (9) est pourvue d'orifices de sortie pour des gaz de combustion sur ce qui, dans une vue à partir de l'élément de cadre (5) du brûleur (1), est un côté arrière d'un plan (R) défini par la plaque de pointe (7) de la tête de combustion (2).
  35. Ensemble chaudière-brûleur selon la revendication 34, caractérisé en ce que derrière la première partie de flamme (C) est générée une troisième partie de flamme (D) dont la température est inférieure à la température de partie de flamme (B) (flamme principale) par rapport à ladite partie de flamme.
  36. Ensemble chaudière-brûleur selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce que la tête de combustion (2) a son tube externe (3) formé de plusieurs réseaux de lignes d'ouverture, qui entourent le tube externe, et un réseau de lignes d'ouverture parmi lesdits plusieurs réseaux de lignes d'ouverture est constitué d'ouvertures allongées avec des diamètres réglables.
EP20164159.4A 2019-03-19 2020-03-19 Brûleur ainsi qu'un ensemble chaudière-brûleur Active EP3712497B1 (fr)

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US16/357,524 US11060721B2 (en) 2019-03-19 2019-03-19 Burner as well as boiler-burner assembly as well as method for generating a flame into the same
CN201920351731.9U CN211399774U (zh) 2019-03-19 2019-03-19 燃烧器以及锅炉-燃烧器组件

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DE19521844B4 (de) * 1994-06-24 2006-01-05 Vaillant Gmbh Brenner für ein Gas-Luft-Gemisch mit Ausströmöffnungen
US6238206B1 (en) 1997-05-13 2001-05-29 Maxon Corporation Low-emissions industrial burner
US20120003595A1 (en) * 2009-09-29 2012-01-05 Honeywell International Inc. High turn down low nox burner
CN106949471B (zh) * 2017-04-19 2023-09-01 安德森热能科技（苏州）有限责任公司 一种低排放冷焰多级预混燃烧器

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