EP3766124A1 - Elektrolyt für eine zinkbatterie - Google Patents
Elektrolyt für eine zinkbatterieInfo
- Publication number
- EP3766124A1 EP3766124A1 EP19813803.4A EP19813803A EP3766124A1 EP 3766124 A1 EP3766124 A1 EP 3766124A1 EP 19813803 A EP19813803 A EP 19813803A EP 3766124 A1 EP3766124 A1 EP 3766124A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- aqueous solution
- zinc
- electrolyte
- battery
- electrolyte according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/42—Alloys based on zinc
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolyte for a zinc battery, in particular for a secondary zinc-air battery.
- the invention further relates to a zinc battery, in particular a zinc-air battery, which comprises such an electrolyte.
- zinc batteries especially zinc-air batteries
- lithium-ion batteries are an economically interesting alternative to the widely used lithium-ion batteries, especially as energy storage in electric vehicles and in connection with renewable energies.
- Compared to lithium zinc is available in large quantities and inexpensively and has a lower toxicity.
- Another advantage is the lack of reactivity with water, so that zinc, unlike lithium, can be used with aqueous electrolytes.
- Zinc-air batteries typically have the following structure:
- the anode contains metallic zinc, in particular in the form of microparticles in a binder, and the bifunctional air electrode with a catalyst (e.g. MnO x ), which is placed on a porous substrate (e.g.
- Carbon paper is applied.
- the air electrode works on the principle a gas diffusion electrode.
- An aqueous electrolyte is arranged between the electrodes, the composition of which has a significant influence on the individual electrode reactions.
- the first type uses potassium hydroxide as an alkaline electrolyte.
- This electrolyte which is also known primarily from primary zinc batteries, has a high conductivity and promotes the precipitation of zinc oxide.
- zinc oxide forms at the anode according to the following equation 3:
- the second type of zinc-air battery uses an electrolyte with a pH value close to the neutral range, especially based on zinc chloride and ammonium chloride. Although this avoids the problem of carbonization, there is another serious disadvantage instead: the primary discharge product of these batteries is not zinc oxide, but to a large extent zinc hydroxide chloride or a complex of zinc chloride, zinc oxide and water that precipitates out of the solution . This reduces the energy density that these batteries can achieve.
- the invention has for its object an electrolyte for a
- the electrolyte comprises an aqueous solution of one or more organic compounds, the aqueous solution having at least one neutral molecule, an anion or a zwitterion, which forms a soluble complex with zinc ions, and one or more of the organic compounds have a buffering action for the pH of the aqueous solution.
- the invention is essentially based on the idea of completely or partially replacing the inorganic salts on which the electrolytes known from the prior art are based with organic compounds. Surprisingly, the above-described disadvantages of secondary zinc-air batteries can be largely avoided with such an electrolyte.
- Desired electrochemical properties of the electrolyte can be optimized by appropriate selection of the organic compounds used.
- the electrolyte according to the invention is basically an aqueous system, so that the organic compounds used are polar, water-soluble substances.
- the organic compounds used are polar, water-soluble substances.
- a soluble one Complexes with Zn 2+ can be prevented according to the invention that undesired zinc salts are precipitated when the battery is discharged, in favor of the desired discharge product zinc oxide.
- Equation 2 are significantly limited. By appropriately selecting the type and concentration of the one or more organic compounds, conditions can thus be created in which a secondary zinc battery can be operated within a predetermined, relatively narrow pH range. This promotes high reversibility of the charging and discharging processes and thus extends the life of the battery.
- the aqueous solution of the electrolyte according to the invention preferably has a pH of 4 to 12, more preferably 8 to 11.
- the pH is buffered in the respective range.
- An alkaline pH value enables the formation of zinc hydroxide complexes as a precursor for the formation of zinc oxide according to equations 3 and 4 above.
- the one or more organic compounds are preferably selected from carboxylic acids,
- Carboxylic acids can be present in the aqueous solution as neutral molecules or as carboxylate anions, the latter being zinc ions
- aminocarboxylic acids are present in the aqueous solution as zwitterion, as carboxylate anion or as ammonium cation, whereby they have a good buffering action and can also complex Zn 2+ as an anion.
- the desired pH range of the aqueous solution is adjusted, in particular if it contains one or more carboxylic acids, preferably by adding an alkali metal hydroxide to the aqueous solution.
- the aqueous solution contains a polyvalent carboxylic acid, the anion of which forms a soluble chelate complex with zinc ions.
- a polyvalent carboxylic acid the anion of which forms a soluble chelate complex with zinc ions.
- Chelate complexes often have polyvalent carboxylic acids with a very good buffering effect.
- the aqueous solution contains citric acid and / or citrate, in particular potassium citrate.
- the citrate anion can form a triple-coordinated chelate complex with Zn 2+ .
- the aqueous solution contains glycine.
- Glycine is the simplest aminocarboxylic acid.
- An electrolyte according to the invention with particularly advantageous properties comprises an aqueous solution which contains glycine in combination with citric acid and / or potassium citrate. Since citric acid has relatively low pK a values, a better buffer effect in the preferred alkaline pH range can be achieved by combination with glycine. To produce such an electrolyte, the pH of an aqueous solution can be from
- Citric acid and glycine can be adjusted to the desired value with potassium hydroxide.
- the electrolyte according to the invention can also contain amines and / or imines as organic compounds.
- the aqueous solution preferably contains at least one nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, which is preferably selected from pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrrole, imidazole, their derivatives and mixtures thereof.
- the heterocycles mentioned which are also referred to as azoles (five-membered ring) or as azines (six-membered ring), act as complex ligands for zinc Ions.
- the heterocyclic compounds mentioned have a buffering action in the neutral to alkaline range.
- the at least one nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is preferably partially protonated in the aqueous solution.
- the aqueous solution then preferably contains one or more carboxylate anions, i.e. the heterocyclic compounds can advantageously in combination with carboxylic acids or aminocarboxylic acids in the
- electrolytes according to the invention are used.
- the aqueous solution can also contain one or more inorganic anions as a counterion for a protonated heterocyclic compound.
- inorganic anions can in particular be selected from nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, borate or carbonate. However, they are less preferred than carboxylate anions, since they sometimes form insoluble complexes with zinc ions.
- the sum of the concentrations of the organic compounds contained in the aqueous solution is
- an electrolyte according to the invention can comprise an aqueous solution with 1.5 to 2.5 mol / l (for example about 2 mol / l) of citric acid and 0.5 to 1.5 mol / l (for example about 1 mol / l of glycine), whose pH is adjusted to 8 to 10 (e.g. about 9) with potassium hydroxide.
- the present invention further relates to a zinc battery comprising a zinc-containing cathode, an anode and an electrolyte according to the invention arranged between the cathode and the anode.
- the zinc battery according to the invention is in particular a secondary zinc-air battery.
- the invention is not limited to zinc-air batteries, but can e.g. can also be used with advantage in a zinc-nickel battery, a zinc-ion battery or a zinc-redox flow battery.
- Zinc battery according to the invention have already been described in connection with the electrolyte according to the invention.
- battery can refer both to a single electrochemical cell and to a multiplicity of cells which are combined to form a stack.
- a secondary battery is also known as an accumulator.
- the cathode is preferably a bifunctional air electrode. This is also known as a gas diffusion electrode. It preferably comprises a bifunctional catalyst (e.g.
- the anode of a zinc-air battery according to the invention preferably comprises a paste of zinc particles, a binder and the electrolyte.
- the zinc particles preferably have a size in the range from 50 mm to 200 mm.
- Electrolytes according to the invention based on glycine and citric acid were calculated on the basis of thermodynamic data. One was
- 1 shows a diagram for such an electrolyte, the pH being plotted on the x-axis and the pH on the y-axis
- the different gray levels in the diagram relate to the soluble zinc complex dominating in the respective region, as shown in the figure, where Gly stands for the glycinate anion and Cit for the completely deprotonated citrate anion.
- the thick black line in the range of [Zn] T > 1.5 mol / l is that
- Solubility limit of Zn 3 (Cit) 2 is the solubility limit of ZnO and the right, darker is the
- dashed double arrow an area in which stable operation of the zinc-air battery at a potassium concentration of 6 mol / l between pH 8 and pH 11 is possible.
- the dominant zinc complex in this area is Zn (Gly) 2, with the transition to Zn (OH) 4 2 at the upper end of the double arrow.
- FIG. 2 show a comparison between the calculated cell cycle of a simulated zinc-air battery (FIG. 2A) and the measured cell cycle of an experimental battery (FIG. 2B), each based on the electrolyte according to the invention according to FIG. 1 , as well as with a
- the simulation also gives the shift in the charging voltage (at approx. 18 h in Fig.
- the diagram in FIG. 3 shows the results for both a-MnO 2 and EMD.
- the cell with a-MnO 2 initially has a lower charging voltage, which slowly rises until the cell fails after an operating time of approximately 550 hours.
- the cell with EMD on the other hand, has a higher one
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019100135.8A DE102019100135A1 (de) | 2019-01-04 | 2019-01-04 | Elektrolyt für eine Zinkbatterie |
| PCT/EP2019/083346 WO2020141034A1 (de) | 2019-01-04 | 2019-12-02 | Elektrolyt für eine zinkbatterie |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3766124A1 true EP3766124A1 (de) | 2021-01-20 |
Family
ID=68771664
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19813803.4A Pending EP3766124A1 (de) | 2019-01-04 | 2019-12-02 | Elektrolyt für eine zinkbatterie |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3766124A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019100135A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020141034A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114512630B (zh) * | 2022-02-21 | 2024-05-31 | 江苏师范大学 | 一种改性水系锌离子电池负极的方法 |
| CN119170963B (zh) * | 2024-10-14 | 2025-11-14 | 广东工业大学 | 一种碱性锌空气电池电解液及其制备方法、碱性锌空气电池 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013084349A (ja) * | 2011-10-06 | 2013-05-09 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | アルカリ電池用電解液及びアルカリ電池 |
| US10910674B2 (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2021-02-02 | Research Foundation Of The City University Of New New York | Additive for increasing lifespan of rechargeable zinc-anode batteries |
| CN108630903A (zh) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-10-09 | 杭州鼎牛投资管理有限公司 | 具有体积小重量轻、高密度蓄能大、快速稳定、寿命长的石墨烯充电电池及其制备方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-01-04 DE DE102019100135.8A patent/DE102019100135A1/de active Pending
- 2019-12-02 WO PCT/EP2019/083346 patent/WO2020141034A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-12-02 EP EP19813803.4A patent/EP3766124A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102019100135A1 (de) | 2020-07-09 |
| WO2020141034A1 (de) | 2020-07-09 |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: URDAMPILLETA, IDOIA Inventor name: COLMENARES RAUSSEO, LUIS CESAR Inventor name: IRUIN, ELENA Inventor name: CLARK, JOSEPH SIMON Inventor name: BLAZQUEZ, JOSE ALBERTO Inventor name: RAMOS, AROA Inventor name: LATZ, ARNULF Inventor name: HORSTMANN, BIRGER |
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