EP3686029A1 - Method for producing an abrasion-resistant and waterproof multilayer panel and a panel obtained with said method - Google Patents
Method for producing an abrasion-resistant and waterproof multilayer panel and a panel obtained with said method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3686029A1 EP3686029A1 EP19153171.4A EP19153171A EP3686029A1 EP 3686029 A1 EP3686029 A1 EP 3686029A1 EP 19153171 A EP19153171 A EP 19153171A EP 3686029 A1 EP3686029 A1 EP 3686029A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- abrasion
- carrier plate
- primer
- applying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
- B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
- B44C5/0469—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers comprising a decorative sheet and a core formed by one or more resin impregnated sheets of paper
- B44C5/0476—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers comprising a decorative sheet and a core formed by one or more resin impregnated sheets of paper with abrasion resistant properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/36—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/28—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by transfer from the surfaces of elements carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. brushes, pads, rollers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/12—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/51—One specific pretreatment, e.g. phosphatation, chromatation, in combination with one specific coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/56—Three layers or more
- B05D7/57—Three layers or more the last layer being a clear coat
- B05D7/572—Three layers or more the last layer being a clear coat all layers being cured or baked together
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2201/00—Polymeric substrate or laminate
- B05D2201/02—Polymeric substrate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2252/00—Sheets
- B05D2252/04—Sheets of definite length in a continuous process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2350/00—Pretreatment of the substrate
- B05D2350/30—Change of the surface
- B05D2350/33—Roughening
- B05D2350/38—Roughening by mechanical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2503/00—Polyurethanes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2601/00—Inorganic fillers
- B05D2601/20—Inorganic fillers used for non-pigmentation effect
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an abrasion-resistant and waterproof multilayer panel, a panel produced using this method and a production line for carrying out this method.
- Ceramic tiles, wooden coverings (such as parquet floors), laminate, PVC coverings but also textile floor coverings (such as carpets) are mainly used as floor coverings.
- PVC floor coverings are often preferred in public and commercial places, but also in the home because of their resistant properties, easy installation and low costs.
- Floor coverings based on PVC are divided into several categories and subcategories. A distinction is made here in particular between traditional PVC coverings and the so-called LVT (Luxury Vinyl Tile) coverings.
- Traditional PVC coverings essentially use PVC as the base material with plasticizers, resulting in a flexible product that can be easily printed and placed on a floor.
- Traditional PVC products are among the cheapest floor coverings currently available.
- WPC wood plastic composites or waterproof plastic composites
- the multi-layer PVC floor coverings include the SPC coverings, the core of which consists of a plastic part (mostly PVC) and a larger part of minerals. Due to the larger mineral content, the stiffness, weight and density are higher.
- the product consists of a carrier, a decorative layer and a wear layer.
- the carrier consists of a highly filled thermoplastic material, such as polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene, chalk or talcum being usually used as fillers.
- the decorative layer is usually a printed, thermoplastic film, which also has PVC or PP as the material base.
- the wear layer is a transparent, thermoplastic film (PVC or PP).
- the carrier is first produced in an extruder and the decorative and wear foil are then calendered immediately afterwards.
- the surface structure of the product is created by structuring the calender. The higher the desired wear class, the thicker the wear film must be. This leads not only to cost disadvantages, but also to transparency problems with the higher wear classes.
- WO 2018/217158 A1 describes the application of a duplicated film to a support, abrasion-inhibiting particles being embedded between the two films.
- the duplicated film with the embedded abrasion-resistant particles is produced in a separate production line, and the duplicated abrasion-resistant film is typically stored temporarily before further processing.
- the duplicated film is then pressed onto a carrier (for example a PVC carrier material) or calendered.
- a carrier for example a PVC carrier material
- the present invention is therefore based on the technical problem of providing a method for producing an SPC floor covering in which the surface of the plastic carrier plate is produced and finished more efficiently.
- the technical properties should not deteriorate and there should be no other product deterioration.
- the process should also not affect the productivity of the production line.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by a method with the features of claim 1, a panel with the features of claim 13 and a production line with the features of claim 15.
- the production of the plastic carrier plate can precede the above method.
- the plastic carrier plate is initially provided as an endless strand and then cut to format if necessary.
- the plastic carrier plate (or the SPC core) can consist of various thermoplastic materials, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polypropylene (PP), PVC being the preferred plastic.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PP polypropylene
- the plastic carrier plate is first produced as an endless strand by extrusion of a mixture containing PVC, limestone and optional auxiliaries.
- the mixture to be extruded can be provided in various alternatives.
- the mixture to be extruded can be introduced in the form of a powder, the various ingredients being mixed in a mixing device to form a powdery mixture which is introduced into the extrusion device after an optional intermediate storage.
- the mixture is provided in the form of a compound.
- the compound consists of the individual components that have already been melted together and are then broken down into workable particles (e.g. pellets) that are introduced into the extruder device. Accordingly, there is no need for a mixing device, intermediate bunker and melting device when using a compound,
- the mixture to be extruded consists of 20-40% by weight of PVC, preferably 25-35% by weight of PVC, 60-80% by weight of limestone, preferably 65-75% by weight of limestone and optionally further auxiliaries.
- the mixture to be extruded comprises 65% by weight limestone (chalk) and 35% by weight PVC.
- the grain size of the limestone should be similar to the grain size of the PVC powder. This facilitates the production of the powder mixture and avoids segregation or inhomogeneities. Of course, this also applies to the manufacture of the compound.
- Stabilizers, waxes, lubricants, release agents and other auxiliary substances can be added as auxiliary substances.
- a preferred stabilizer comprises Ca-Zn and can be added in an amount between 1 and 3% by weight, preferably 2% by weight, of the mixture to be extruded.
- PE waxes can be used as waxes.
- Release agents which are preferably used are CPE release agents which are used in an amount of between 0.5 and 1.5% by weight, preferably 1% by weight, in the mixture to be extruded.
- CPE chlorinated polyethylene, a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl chloride. Depending on the ratio of the two monomers, unlike PVC, the chlorine content in the polymer can vary. CPE is used, among other things, as a means of increasing impact strength.
- the mixture is extruded in an extruder with the discharge of a sheet-like strand.
- the mixture of PVC, CaCO 3 or limestone and other additives to be extruded is provided either in advance by mixing the powdery ingredients, melting the PVC and cooling, or as a finished compound.
- the mixture to be extruded then passes through a multi-stage extruder with zones of different temperatures, with partial cooling with water.
- the mixture to be extruded is elasticized to a "kneadable" mass in the extruder under the influence of temperature and shear force.
- a sheet-like strand (e.g. with a maximum width of 1,400 mm) is discharged from the extruder via a slot nozzle onto a roller conveyor.
- the endless strand as such can be fed in as a variant into the further processing plant for surface finishing.
- the endless strand can be cut to length.
- the endless strand is cut into separate semi-formats and the semi-formats are fed as a plastic carrier plate for further processing.
- feed the semi-formats into the processing system as a quasi-sheet strand, i.e. edge to edge.
- the plastic carrier plate is surface finished as follows:
- the surface of the plastic carrier plate can be pretreated before printing to improve the adhesion of the subsequent layers. This can be a cleaning with brushes, a sanding that also frees the surface from unevenness, and / or a plasma or corona treatment.
- At least one primer is applied to the plastic carrier plate before the same is printed on.
- This primer can be a primer layer and / or a hot melt (or hot coating) e.g. in the form of a polyurethane hot melt.
- the amount of liquid primer applied is between 1 and 30 g / m 2 , preferably between 5 and 20 g / m 2 , particularly preferably between 10 and 15 g / m 2 .
- Compounds based on polyurethane are preferably used as primers.
- thermoforming a hot melt or hot coating
- a polyurethane hot melt instead of or in addition to the primer layer before printing, e.g. to be applied in the form of a polyurethane hot melt to the surface of the plastic carrier plate or to the primer layer.
- Both primer and hot melt can contain inorganic color pigments and thus serve as a white primer layer for the decorative layer to be subsequently printed.
- White pigments such as titanium dioxide TiO 2 can be used as color pigments.
- Other color pigments can be calcium carbonate, barium sulfate or barium carbonate.
- the primer consists of at least one, preferably at least two or more, layers or applications applied in succession, the application quantity between the layers or applications being the same or different, i.e. the order quantity of each individual layer can vary.
- the primer can be applied to the surface of the plastic carrier plate using a roller.
- a white background is applied to the plastic carrier plate by means of digital printing on the primer.
- the digital printing inks used for digital printing of the white ground are preferably based on UV inks which are enriched with white color pigments.
- water-based digital printing inks or so-called hybrid inks it is also possible to use water-based digital printing inks or so-called hybrid inks. An order using digital printing is advantageous because the printing system is significantly shorter than a rolling device and thus saves space, energy and costs.
- the at least one decor is applied to the (surface-treated and precoated) carrier plate by means of digital printing processes.
- digital printing the print image is transferred directly from a computer to a printing press, such as a laser printer or inkjet printer.
- a static printing form is not necessary.
- the decor is printed according to the inkjet principle in a single pass, in which the entire width of the top to be printed is spanned, with the plates being moved under the printer.
- the carrier plate it is also possible for the carrier plate to be printed to be stopped under the printer and for this to pass over the surface at least once during printing.
- the printing inks are combined in separate rows of printheads, one or two rows of printheads per color.
- the colors of the digital printing inks are, for example, black, blue, red, reddish yellow, greenish yellow, CMYK can optionally also be used.
- the digital printing inks are optionally based on the same pigments used for analog and / or digital printing with water-based inks.
- the digital printing inks are preferably based on UV inks. However, it is also possible to use water-based digital printing inks or so-called hybrid inks. After printing, the decorative print is dried and / or irradiated.
- the printing inks are applied in an amount between 1 and 30 g / m 2 , preferably between 3 and 20 g / m 2 , particularly preferably between 3 and 10 g / m 2 .
- a first cover layer is applied to the decorative layer.
- This first covering layer is applied to the decorative layer as a liquid application and preferably consists of a hot coating or hot melt layer.
- the use of a first cover layer is advantageous since an improved adhesion of the subsequently scattered particles and the layers applied later is achieved.
- a polyurethane hot melt (or polyurethane hot melt adhesive) is preferably used as the hot coating or hot melt (hot melt adhesive).
- the PUR hot melt is applied at an application temperature of approx. 150 ° C.
- the use of polyurethane as a hot melt has the further advantage that post-crosslinking takes place with the surface of the plastic carrier plate, which results in particularly good adhesion to the surface.
- the amount of hot coating applied as the first covering layer is between 20 and 50 g / m 2 , preferably 30 and 40 g / m 2 .
- abrasion-resistant particles are sprinkled onto the at least one first covering layer applied to the decorative layer.
- the advantage of sprinkling the abrasion-resistant particles is that the quantity and distribution can be set quickly and specifically and a quick change to different product requirements is possible.
- particles made of corundum (aluminum oxides), boron carbides, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide are used as wear-resistant particles.
- Corundum particles are particularly preferred. These are more preferred Wise around high-grade corundum (white) with a high transparency, so that the optical effect of the underlying decor is adversely affected as little as possible. Corundum has an uneven spatial shape.
- the amount of scattered abrasion-resistant particles is 10 to 50 g / m 2 , preferably 10 to 30 g / m 2 , particularly preferably 15 to 25 g / m 2 .
- the amount of abrasion-resistant particles sprinkled on depends on the abrasion class to be achieved and the grain size.
- the amount of abrasion-resistant particles in the case of the abrasion class AC3 is in the range between 10 to 15 g / m 2 , in the abrasion class AC4 between 15 to 20 g / m 2 and in the abrasion class AC5 between 20 to 25 g / m 2 when used the F220 grit.
- the finished panels preferably have the abrasion class AC4.
- the test is carried out in accordance with DIN EN 16511 - May 2014, method A or B "Panels for floating installation - semi-rigid, multi-layer, modular floor coverings (MMF) with abrasion-resistant cover layer”.
- class F180 There are abrasion-resistant particles with grits in the classes F180 to F240.
- the grain size of class F180 covers a range from 53 - 90 ⁇ m, F220 from 45-75 ⁇ m, F230 34-82 ⁇ m, F240 28-70 ⁇ m (FEPA norm).
- corundum particles of class F220 are used,
- the abrasion-resistant particles must not be too fine-grained (risk of dust formation), but also not too coarse-grained. The size of the abrasion-resistant particles is therefore a compromise.
- silanized corundum particles can be used.
- Typical silanizing agents are aminosilanes. The silanization of the corundum particles enables an improved adhesion ("docking") of the corundum particles to the layers.
- At least one second covering layer is applied to the layer of scattered abrasion-resistant particles.
- the at least one second cover layer also consists of a hot coating or hot melt, e.g. a PU hot melt.
- This second covering layer serves a) to cover the decor, b) as a structural support and c) with the sprinkled corundum ensures the wear resistance against abrasion.
- the amount of hot coating which is applied to the layer of scattered abrasion-resistant particles varies depending in particular on the amount of the first covering layer applied to the printed decoration.
- the amount of the second cover layer Hot coats applied are in a range between 20-50 g / m 2 , preferably 30-40 g / m 2 .
- the second cover layer is structured in a next step.
- the structuring is usually realized by a structured roller.
- a structuring agent e.g. structuring foil, structuring paper.
- the structure in the register may run parallel to the decor, the so-called EIR structure or structure-synchronous structure.
- position and speed are synchronized between the carrier plate to be structured and the structure donor (roller and / or structure donor paper).
- the at least one lacquer layer is then applied to the at least one second, now structured, cover layer, the at least one lacquer layer comprising a top coat with nanoparticles, e.g. Nanoparticles made of silica.
- the at least one lacquer layer serves to improve the scratch resistance and, if necessary, adjust the degree of gloss.
- the lacquer layer consists of a top coat with nanoparticles, for example of silica.
- the lacquer preferably a PU lacquer, can be applied in an amount between 40 and 60 g / m 2 , preferably 50 g / m 2, by means of further rollers.
- radiation-curable acrylate-containing lacquers are used for the topcoat.
- the radiation-curable lacquers typically contain (meth) acrylates, such as, for example, polyester (meth) acrylates, polyether (meth) acrylates, epoxy (meth) acrylates or urethane (meth) acrylates. It is also conceivable for the acrylate or the acrylate-containing lacquer used to be substituted or unsubstituted monomers, oligomers and / or polymers, in particular in the form of acrylic acid, acrylic ether and / or acrylic acid ester monomers, oligomers or polymers. The presence of a double bond or unsaturated group in the acrylate molecule is of importance for the present process.
- the polyacrylates can also continue to be functionalized. Suitable functional groups include hydroxyl, amino, epoxy and / or carboxyl groups. The acrylates mentioned enable crosslinking or curing in the presence of UV or electron beams (ESH).
- the structuring mentioned above e.g. using a structuring device or a structured roller
- the structuring is only carried out after application of the final topcoat.
- the structure of the layer is already hardened, so that the hardening takes place largely with the exclusion of oxygen (i.e. inert), whereby high gloss levels can be achieved.
- the layer structure is then dried and cured.
- Radiation curing is therefore preferably carried out by the action of high-energy radiation such as UV radiation or by irradiation with high-energy electrons.
- Lasers, high-pressure mercury vapor lamps, flashlights, halogen lamps or excimer lamps are preferably used as radiation sources.
- the radiation dose which is usually sufficient for curing or crosslinking is in the range from 80-3000 mJ / cm 2 for UV curing.
- the irradiation can also be carried out with the exclusion of oxygen, ie in an inert gas atmosphere. In the presence of oxygen, ozone is formed, making the surface matt.
- Suitable inert gases include nitrogen, noble gases or carbon dioxide.
- the present process is preferably carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the surface-finished panel format can be profiled lengthways and crossways on milling machines, but separately, in order to be able to recycle the milling waste.
- a lockable tongue and groove connection is made on at least two opposite edges of the panel. This enables simple and quick floating installation of the panels.
- Such tongue and groove connections are, inter alia, from the EP 1 084 317 B1 known.
- the abrasion-resistant and waterproof panels have a bulk density between 1500 and 3000 kg / m 3 , preferably 2000 and 2500 kg / m 3 .
- the total layer thickness of the panels is less than 6 mm, between 3 and 5 mm, preferably 3 and 4.5 mm.
- a white background is provided between the primer and the printed decorative layer.
- the present panel can also have a structuring in the lacquer layer that completes the overall structure (reference is made to the above explanations in this regard).
- the manufacturing process for the plastic carrier plate can be connected upstream.
- This section comprises at least one mixing device for mixing the starting materials for the plastic carrier plate in the processing direction.
- the thermoplastic, in particular PVC, limestone and other additives are mixed with one another in the mixing device.
- the section of the production line comprises at least one intermediate bunker arranged behind the mixing device in the processing direction for storing the mixture of plastic, limestone and other additives.
- An extruder is connected to the intermediate bunker in the processing direction. It is also possible to dispense with the mixing device and intermediate bunker. In this case, a finished one Compound prepared from the starting materials (eg in the form of pellets) and introduced into the extruder.
- the mixture (powder or compound) is elasticized in the extruder and pressed through a profile to form an endless strand (SPC strand), which is cut to length (i.e. cut to a desired format) and the individual formats are stacked as carrier plates before further processing.
- SPC strand endless strand
- the carrier plates are separated and first subjected to a pretreatment, such as grinding, which also frees the surface from unevenness, and / or a plasma or corona treatment.
- a pretreatment such as grinding
- the devices required for this are known.
- a primer e.g. primer or hot melt, possibly enriched with white pigments
- the application device used for this is preferably designed in the form of a roller unit.
- a white background can then be applied to the primer using a digital printer.
- a digital printer is also used to print the decorative layer.
- the at least one device provided behind the printer in the processing direction for applying at least one first cover layer to the decorative layer is preferably designed in the form of a roller application device or a spray unit.
- the spreading device for the abrasion-resistant particles provided in the present production line is suitable for spreading powder, granules, fibers and comprises an oscillating brush system.
- the spreader essentially consists of a hopper, a rotating, structured roller and a scraper.
- the application quantity of abrasion-resistant material is determined via the speed of rotation of the roller.
- the spreading device preferably comprises a spiked roller.
- the at least one scattering device is surrounded or arranged in at least one cabin, which is provided with at least one means for removing dusts occurring in the cabin.
- the means for removing the dusts can be designed in the form of a suction device or also as a device for blowing in air. Air can be blown in via nozzles that are installed at the plate inlet and outlet and blow air into the cabin. In addition, these can prevent air movements from creating an inhomogeneous scatter curtain of abrasion-resistant material.
- the removal of the dust from abrasion-resistant material from the vicinity of the spreading device is advantageous since, in addition to the obvious health burden for the workers working on the production line, the fine dust from abrasion-resistant particles also deposits on other parts of the production line and leads to increased wear of the same.
- the arrangement of the spreading device in a cabin therefore not only serves to reduce the health dust pollution in the vicinity of the production line, but also prevents premature wear.
- the scattering device is followed in the processing direction by the device for applying the at least one second cover layer, preferably in the form of a hot coating, which is also present as a roller unit.
- the final paint layer is also applied using a roller device.
- a structure roller can be provided between the device for applying the elastic layer (hot coating) and the roller device for applying the final lacquer layer and / or following the latter.
- the application devices are followed by devices for curing the layer structure, such as dryers and / or emitters.
- the production line shown schematically comprises a first section 1 for producing the plastic carrier plate and a second section 2 for surface treatment of the plastic carrier plate.
- Section 1 initially comprises a storage container 10 for PVC powder and a storage container 11 for limestone, which are mixed with one another in the mixing device 13 with the addition of further auxiliaries 12.
- This powdery mixture of PVC, limestone (or chalk) and other additives can be stored in an intermediate bunker 14.
- the intermediate bunker 14 is arranged behind the mixing device in the processing direction.
- the extruder 15 is connected to the intermediate hopper 14 in the processing direction.
- a compound from the individual components in pellet form can also be used directly as the starting component for the extruder 15.
- storage containers 10, 11, 12, mixing device 13, and intermediate bunker 14 can be dispensed with.
- the mixture (powder or compound) is fed into the extruder device 15 and pressed through a profile to form an endless strand (SPC strand).
- the extruder device 15 is designed as a multi-stage extruder with zones of different temperatures, partial cooling with water taking place.
- a sheet-like strand (e.g. with a maximum width of 1,400 mm) is discharged from the extruder via a slot nozzle onto a roller conveyor 16, cut to size and stacked.
- Section 2 for surface processing of the plastic carrier plate begins with a separation and pretreatment of the carrier plates, such as grinding and / or a plasma or corona treatment (not shown).
- At least one primer preferably a white-pigmented PUR hot melt, is applied to the surface of the plastic carrier plate using a roller unit 20.
- Embodiment shown a digital printer 21 for applying a white background, followed by one or more digital printers 22 for printing the decorative layer.
- the decor is printed according to the inkjet principle in a single pass, in which the entire width of the top to be printed is spanned, with the plates being moved under the printer
- the at least one device for applying a hot coating (PUR hot melt) as the first covering layer to the decorative layer, which is provided behind the printer 22 in the processing direction, is designed as a roller application device 23.
- a first spreading device 24 for uniformly spreading the abrasion-resistant material e.g. Corundum is provided on the top of the plastic carrier plate.
- Corundum F220 is used as an abrasion-resistant material, which measures about 45-75 ⁇ m in diameter according to the FEPA standard.
- the spreading device 24 essentially consists of a storage hopper, a rotating, structured spiked roller and a scraper.
- the application quantity of the material is determined via the speed of rotation of the spreader roller.
- the corundum falls from the spiked roller at a distance of 5 cm onto the plate provided with the decorative film.
- the scattering device 24 is followed in the processing direction by the device 25 for applying a hot coating as a second cover layer.
- a PUR hot melt is also used here as a hot coating.
- the final lacquer layer is also applied using a roller device 27.
- a structure roller 26 is provided between the device 25 for applying the second cover layer and the roller device 27 for applying the final lacquer layer.
- the application devices are followed by devices for curing the layer structure, such as dryers and / or emitters (not shown). Suitable cooling devices and cutting devices (not shown) are provided for further assembly.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines abrieb- und wasserfesten mehrschichtigen Paneels, insbesondere eines abrieb- und wasserfesten Fußbodenpaneels, umfassend die Schritte: Bereitstellen von mindestens einer Kunststoffträgerplatte, insbesondere einer PVC-Trägerplatte; Aufbringen von mindestens einer Grundierung auf die Oberfläche der Kunststoffträgerplatte; Bedrucken der Kunststoffträgerplatte im Direktdruck unter Ausbildung einer Dekorschicht; Aufbringen von mindestens einer ersten Abdeckschicht auf die aufgedruckte Dekorschicht; gleichmäßiges Aufstreuen von abriebfesten Partikeln auf die mindestens eine auf der Dekorschicht aufgetragene Deckschicht; Aufbringen von mindestens einer zweiten Abdeckschicht auf die Lage von aufgestreuten abriebfesten Partikeln; ggfs. Einbringen einer Struktur in die mindestens zweite Abdeckschicht, Aufbringen von mindestens einer Lackschicht, und Aushärten des Schichtaufbaus. The present invention relates to a method for producing an abrasion and water-resistant multilayer panel, in particular an abrasion and water-resistant floor panel, comprising the steps: providing at least one plastic carrier plate, in particular a PVC carrier plate; Applying at least one primer to the surface of the plastic carrier plate; Printing the plastic carrier plate in direct printing with formation of a decorative layer; Applying at least a first cover layer to the printed decorative layer; uniform spreading of abrasion-resistant particles onto the at least one cover layer applied to the decorative layer; Applying at least one second cover layer to the layer of scattered abrasion-resistant particles; if necessary, introducing a structure into the at least second cover layer, applying at least one lacquer layer, and curing the layer structure.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines abriebfesten und wasserfesten mehrschichtigen Paneels, ein mit diesem Verfahren hergestelltes Paneel und eine Produktionslinie zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.The present invention relates to a method for producing an abrasion-resistant and waterproof multilayer panel, a panel produced using this method and a production line for carrying out this method.
Als Fußbodenbeläge werden derzeit hauptsächlich Keramikfliesen, Holzbeläge (wie Parkettböden), Laminat, PVC-Beläge aber auch textile Auslegware (wie Teppiche) verwendet. Fußbodenbeläge aus PVC werden häufig im öffentlichen und kommerziellen Orten, aber auch im Heimbereich aufgrund der widerstandsfähigen Eigenschaften, des leichten Einbaus und günstigen Kosten bevorzugt.Ceramic tiles, wooden coverings (such as parquet floors), laminate, PVC coverings but also textile floor coverings (such as carpets) are mainly used as floor coverings. PVC floor coverings are often preferred in public and commercial places, but also in the home because of their resistant properties, easy installation and low costs.
Bodenbeläge auf der Basis von PVC werden in mehrere Kategorien und Unterkategorien eingeteilt. Hierbei unterscheidet man insbesondere zwischen traditionellen PVC- Belägen und den sogenannten LVT (Luxury Vinyl Tile) - Belägen.Floor coverings based on PVC are divided into several categories and subcategories. A distinction is made here in particular between traditional PVC coverings and the so-called LVT (Luxury Vinyl Tile) coverings.
Traditionelle PVC-Beläge verwenden im wesentlichen PVC als Basismaterial mit Weichmachern, wodurch ein flexibles Produkt erhalten wird, dass in einfacher Weise bedruckt und auf einen Boden gelegt werden kann. Traditionelle PVC-Produkte gehören zu den kostengünstigsten Fußboden-Belägen, die derzeit erhältlich sind.Traditional PVC coverings essentially use PVC as the base material with plasticizers, resulting in a flexible product that can be easily printed and placed on a floor. Traditional PVC products are among the cheapest floor coverings currently available.
Die LVT-Produkte umfassen u.a. PVC-Beläge und mehrschichtige Fußbodenbeläge, die einen harten Kern aufweisen und wiederum in zwei Klassen unterschieden werden. Dazu gehören zum einen die WPC-Produkte (WPC = wood plastic composites or waterproof plastic composites), die ursprünglich als Kernlage eine Schicht aus einer Holz-Kunststoff-Mischung umfassen. Neben dem Einsatz von Holz zur Kostenreduzierung kann auch das Aufschäumen des Trägers eine Alternative darstellen.The LVT products include PVC coverings and multi-layer floor coverings that have a hard core and are again divided into two classes. These include, on the one hand, the WPC products (WPC = wood plastic composites or waterproof plastic composites), which originally comprise a layer of a wood-plastic mixture as the core layer. In addition to using wood to reduce costs, foaming the carrier can also be an alternative.
Zum anderen gehören zu den mehrschichtigen PVC-Fußbodenbelägen die SPC-Beläge, dessen Kernlage aus einem Kunststoffanteil (meist PVC) und einem größeren Anteil an Mineralien besteht. Aufgrund des größeren Mineralanteils ist die Steifheit, das Gewicht und die Dichte höher.On the other hand, the multi-layer PVC floor coverings include the SPC coverings, the core of which consists of a plastic part (mostly PVC) and a larger part of minerals. Due to the larger mineral content, the stiffness, weight and density are higher.
Die Herstellung von SPC-Bodenbelägen (SPC = stone plastic composite) nimmt in den letzten Jahren mengenmäßig stark zu. Dabei besteht das Produkt im einfachsten Fall aus einem Träger, einer Dekorschicht und einer Verschleißschicht.The production of SPC (stone plastic composite) floor coverings has increased significantly in terms of volume in recent years. In the simplest case, the product consists of a carrier, a decorative layer and a wear layer.
Der Träger besteht aus einem hochgefüllten thermoplastischen Kunststoff, wie Polyvinylchlorid oder Polypropylen, wobei als Füllstoffe üblicherweise Kreide oder Talkum verwendet werden. Die Dekorschicht ist meist eine bedruckte, thermoplastische Folie, die als Materialbasis ebenfalls PVC oder PP besitzt. Die Verschleißschicht ist im einfachsten Fall eine transparente, thermoplastische Folie (PVC oder PP).The carrier consists of a highly filled thermoplastic material, such as polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene, chalk or talcum being usually used as fillers. The decorative layer is usually a printed, thermoplastic film, which also has PVC or PP as the material base. In the simplest case, the wear layer is a transparent, thermoplastic film (PVC or PP).
Bei der Herstellung wird zunächst in einem Extruder der Träger hergestellt und direkt im Anschluss daran werden die Dekor- und die Verschleißfolie aufkalandriert. Die Oberflächenstruktur des Produktes wird durch die Strukturierung des Kalanders erzeugt. Je höher die gewünschte Verschleißklasse sein soll, umso dicker muss die Verschleißfolie sein. Dies führt nicht nur zu Kostennachteilen, sondern auch bei den höheren Verschleißklassen zu Transparenzproblemen.During manufacture, the carrier is first produced in an extruder and the decorative and wear foil are then calendered immediately afterwards. The surface structure of the product is created by structuring the calender. The higher the desired wear class, the thicker the wear film must be. This leads not only to cost disadvantages, but also to transparency problems with the higher wear classes.
Zur Lösung dieser Probleme wird z. B. in der
Die bisher bekannten Ansätze zur Herstellung von abrieb- und wasserfesten Paneelen führen zu Produkten mit schlechter Transparenz und aufgrund des aufwändigen Herstellungsprozesses zu höheren Kosten.The previously known approaches for the production of abrasion and waterproof panels lead to products with poor transparency and, due to the complex manufacturing process, to higher costs.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die technische Aufgabe zu Grunde ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines SPC-Fußbodenbelages bereitzustellen, bei dem die Oberfläche der Kunststoffträgerplatte effizienter erzeugt und veredelt wird. Dabei sollen sich die technischen Eigenschaften nicht verschlechtern und auch keine anderweitigen Produktverschlechterungen auftreten. Auch die Produktivität der Produktionslinie soll durch das Verfahren nicht beeinträchtigt werden.The present invention is therefore based on the technical problem of providing a method for producing an SPC floor covering in which the surface of the plastic carrier plate is produced and finished more efficiently. The technical properties should not deteriorate and there should be no other product deterioration. The process should also not affect the productivity of the production line.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1, ein Paneel mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 13 und eine Produktionslinie mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 15 gelöst.The object is achieved according to the invention by a method with the features of
Demnach wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines abrieb- und wasserfesten mehrschichtigen Paneels, insbesondere eines abrieb- und wasserfesten Fußbodenpaneels, bereitgestellt, welches die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
- Bereitstellen von mindestens einer Kunststoffträgerplatte, insbesondere einer PVC-Trägerplatte;
- Aufbringen von mindestens einer Grundierung auf die Oberfläche der Kunststoffträgerplatte;
- Bedrucken der Kunststoffträgerplatte im Direktdruck unter Ausbildung einer Dekorschicht;
- Aufbringen von mindestens einer ersten Abdeckschicht auf die aufgedruckte Dekorschicht;
- gleichmäßiges Aufstreuen von abriebfesten Partikeln auf die mindestens eine auf der Dekorschicht aufgetragene Deckschicht;
- Aufbringen von mindestens einer zweiten Abdeckschicht auf die Lage von aufgestreuten abriebfesten Partikeln;
- ggfs. Einbringen einer Struktur in die mindestens zweite Abdeckschicht;
- Aufbringen von mindestens einer Lackschicht; und
- Aushärten des Schichtaufbaus.
- Providing at least one plastic carrier plate, in particular a PVC carrier plate;
- Applying at least one primer to the surface of the plastic carrier plate;
- Printing the plastic carrier plate in direct printing with formation of a decorative layer;
- Applying at least a first cover layer to the printed decorative layer;
- uniform spreading of abrasion-resistant particles onto the at least one cover layer applied to the decorative layer;
- Applying at least one second cover layer to the layer of scattered abrasion-resistant particles;
- if necessary, introducing a structure into the at least second cover layer;
- Applying at least one layer of lacquer; and
- Curing of the layer structure.
Die Herstellung der Kunststoffträgerplatte kann dem obigen Verfahren vorgeschaltet sein. Dabei wird die Kunststoffträgerplatte zunächst als Endlosstrang bereitgestellt und ggfs. anschließend auf Format geschnitten.The production of the plastic carrier plate can precede the above method. The plastic carrier plate is initially provided as an endless strand and then cut to format if necessary.
Die Kunststoffträgerplatte (bzw. der SPC-Kern) kann aus verschiedenen thermoplastischen Kunststoffen, wie Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) oder Polypropylen (PP), bestehen, wobei PVC der bevorzugte Kunststoff ist.The plastic carrier plate (or the SPC core) can consist of various thermoplastic materials, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polypropylene (PP), PVC being the preferred plastic.
In einer Ausführungsform des vorliegenden Verfahrens wird die Kunststoffträgerplatte zunächst als Endlosstrang durch Extrusion einer Mischung enthaltend PVC, Kalkstein und optionalen Hilfsstoffen hergestellt.In one embodiment of the present method, the plastic carrier plate is first produced as an endless strand by extrusion of a mixture containing PVC, limestone and optional auxiliaries.
Die zu extrudierende Mischung kann in verschiedenen Alternativen bereitgestellt werden. In einer Variante kann die zu extrudierenden Mischung in Form eines Pulvers vorgelegt werden, wobei die verschiedenen Inhaltsstoffe in einer Mischvorrichtung zu einem pulverförmigen Gemisch vermengt werden, welches nach einer optionalen Zwischenlagerung in die Extrudiervorrichtung eingeführt wird.The mixture to be extruded can be provided in various alternatives. In a variant, the mixture to be extruded can be introduced in the form of a powder, the various ingredients being mixed in a mixing device to form a powdery mixture which is introduced into the extrusion device after an optional intermediate storage.
In einer anderen Variante wird die Mischung in Form eines Compounds bereitgestellt. Das Compound besteht aus den Einzelkomponenten, die schon einmal zusammen aufgeschmolzen waren und danach zu verarbeitungsfähigen Partikeln (z. B. Pellets) zerkleinert werden, die in die Extrudervorrichtung eingeführt werden. Entsprechend kann bei der Verwendung eines Compounds auf Mischvorrichtung, Zwischenbunker und Schmelzvorrichtung verzichtet werden,In another variant, the mixture is provided in the form of a compound. The compound consists of the individual components that have already been melted together and are then broken down into workable particles (e.g. pellets) that are introduced into the extruder device. Accordingly, there is no need for a mixing device, intermediate bunker and melting device when using a compound,
In einer Variante besteht die zu extrudierende Mischung aus 20 - 40 Gew% PVC, bevorzugt 25-35 Gew% PVC, 60-80 Gew% Kalkstein, bevorzugt 65-75 Gew% Kalkstein und optional weitere Hilfsstoffe. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst die zu extrudierende Mischung 65 Gew% Kalkstein (Kreide) und 35 Gew% PVC.In one variant, the mixture to be extruded consists of 20-40% by weight of PVC, preferably 25-35% by weight of PVC, 60-80% by weight of limestone, preferably 65-75% by weight of limestone and optionally further auxiliaries. In a preferred embodiment, the mixture to be extruded comprises 65% by weight limestone (chalk) and 35% by weight PVC.
Wenn man von pulverförmigen Rohstoffen ausgeht, sollte die Korngröße des Kalksteins ähnlich wie die Korngröße des PVC-Pulvers sein. Dies erleichtert die Herstellung des Pulvergemischs und vermeidet Entmischungen bzw. Inhomogenitäten. Dies gilt natürlich auch für die Herstellung des Compounds.If you start from powdery raw materials, the grain size of the limestone should be similar to the grain size of the PVC powder. This facilitates the production of the powder mixture and avoids segregation or inhomogeneities. Of course, this also applies to the manufacture of the compound.
Als Hilfsstoffe können Stabilisatoren, Wachse, Schmierstoffe, Trennmittel und weitere Hilfsstoffe zugefügt werden. Ein bevorzugter Stabilisator umfasst Ca-Zn und kann in einer Menge zwischen 1 und 3 Gew%, bevorzugt 2 Gew% der zu extrudierenden Mischung zugegeben werden. Als Wachse können PE-Wachse verwendet werden. Bevorzugt verwendete Trennmittels sind CPE-Trennmittel, die in einer Menge zwischen, 0,5 und 1,5 Gew%, bevorzugt 1 Gew% in der zu extrudierenden Mischung verwendet werden.Stabilizers, waxes, lubricants, release agents and other auxiliary substances can be added as auxiliary substances. A preferred stabilizer comprises Ca-Zn and can be added in an amount between 1 and 3% by weight, preferably 2% by weight, of the mixture to be extruded. PE waxes can be used as waxes. Release agents which are preferably used are CPE release agents which are used in an amount of between 0.5 and 1.5% by weight, preferably 1% by weight, in the mixture to be extruded.
Die Abkürzung CPE steht für chlorinated polyethylene, ein Copolymer aus Ethylen und Vinylchlorid. Je nach Verhältnis der beiden Monomeren kann der Chlorgehalt, anders als beim PVC, im Polymer variieren. CPE wird u. a. als Mittel zur Erhöhung der Schlagzähigkeit verwendet.The abbreviation CPE stands for chlorinated polyethylene, a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl chloride. Depending on the ratio of the two monomers, unlike PVC, the chlorine content in the polymer can vary. CPE is used, among other things, as a means of increasing impact strength.
Die Extrusion der Mischung erfolgt in einem Extruder unter Austragen eines plattenförmigen Stranges. Wie oben angeführt. wird die zu extrudierende Mischung aus PVC, CaCO3 bzw. Kalkstein und weiteren Zusätzen entweder vorab durch Vermischen der pulverförmigen Inhaltsstoffe, Aufschmelzen des PVC und Abkühlen, oder als fertiges Compound bereitgestellt.The mixture is extruded in an extruder with the discharge of a sheet-like strand. As stated above. the mixture of PVC, CaCO 3 or limestone and other additives to be extruded is provided either in advance by mixing the powdery ingredients, melting the PVC and cooling, or as a finished compound.
Die zu extrudierende Mischung durchläuft anschließend einen mehrstufigen Extruder mit Zonen unterschiedlicher Temperatur, wobei eine teilweise Kühlung mit Wasser erfolgt. Das zu extrudierende Gemisch wird im Extruder unter Temperatur- und Scherkrafteinfluss zu einer "knetbaren" Masse elastifiziert. Aus dem Extruder wird ein plattenförmiger Strang (z.B. mit einer maximalen Breite von 1.400 mm) über eine Schlitzdüse auf eine Rollenbahn ausgetragen.The mixture to be extruded then passes through a multi-stage extruder with zones of different temperatures, with partial cooling with water. The mixture to be extruded is elasticized to a "kneadable" mass in the extruder under the influence of temperature and shear force. A sheet-like strand (e.g. with a maximum width of 1,400 mm) is discharged from the extruder via a slot nozzle onto a roller conveyor.
Im weiteren Prozess kann der Endlosstrang als solcher in einer Variante in die weiterverarbeitende Anlage zur Oberflächenveredelung aufgegeben werden. In einer anderen möglichen Variante kann der der Endlosstrang abgelängt werden. In diesem Fall wird der Endlosstrang in separate Halbformate geschnitten und die Halbformate als Kunststoffträgerplatte der Weiterverarbeitung zugeführt. (. Es ist auch möglich, die Halbformate als Quasi-Plattenstrang, d.h. Kante an Kante, in die weiterverarbeitende Anlage aufzugeben.In the further process, the endless strand as such can be fed in as a variant into the further processing plant for surface finishing. In another possible variant, the endless strand can be cut to length. In this case, the endless strand is cut into separate semi-formats and the semi-formats are fed as a plastic carrier plate for further processing. (. It is also possible to feed the semi-formats into the processing system as a quasi-sheet strand, i.e. edge to edge.
Die Kunststoffträgerplatte wird wie folgt oberflächenveredelt:
In einer Ausführungsvariante kann die Oberfläche der Kunststoffträgerplatte vor dem Bedrucken zur Verbesserung der Haftung der nachfolgenden Schichten vorbehandelt werden. Dies kann eine Reinigung mit Bürsten, ein Anschliff, der die Oberfläche auch von Unebenheiten befreit, und/oder eine Plasma- oder Coronabehandlung sein.The plastic carrier plate is surface finished as follows:
In one embodiment variant, the surface of the plastic carrier plate can be pretreated before printing to improve the adhesion of the subsequent layers. This can be a cleaning with brushes, a sanding that also frees the surface from unevenness, and / or a plasma or corona treatment.
Wie oben ausgeführt, wird in einem nächsten Schritt mindestens eine Grundierung auf die Kunststoffträgerplatte vor dem Bedrucken derselbigen aufgebracht. Diese Grundierung kann eine Primerschicht und/oder ein Hotmelt (oder Hotcoating) z.B. in Form eines Polyurethan-Hotmelts umfassen.As explained above, in a next step at least one primer is applied to the plastic carrier plate before the same is printed on. This primer can be a primer layer and / or a hot melt (or hot coating) e.g. in the form of a polyurethane hot melt.
Wird ein Primer zur Grundierung verwendet, beträgt die Menge des aufgetragenen flüssigen Primers vorliegend zwischen 1 und 30 g/m2, bevorzugt zwischen 5 und 20 g/m2, insbesondere bevorzugt zwischen 10 und 15 g/m2. Als Primer werden bevorzugt Verbindungen auf Polyurethanbasis verwendet.If a primer is used for priming, the amount of liquid primer applied is between 1 and 30 g / m 2 , preferably between 5 and 20 g / m 2 , particularly preferably between 10 and 15 g / m 2 . Compounds based on polyurethane are preferably used as primers.
Wie angeführt, ist es auch möglich anstelle oder zusätzlich zur Primerschicht vor dem Bedrucken ein Hotmelt (oder Hotcoating) z.B. in Form eines Polyurethan-Hotmelts auf die Oberfläche der Kunststoffträgerplatte oder auf die Primerschicht aufzubringen.As mentioned, it is also possible to use a hot melt (or hot coating) instead of or in addition to the primer layer before printing, e.g. to be applied in the form of a polyurethane hot melt to the surface of the plastic carrier plate or to the primer layer.
Sowohl Primer als auch Hotmelt können anorganische Farbpigmente enthalten und somit als weiße Grundierungsschicht für die anschließend aufzudruckende Dekorschicht dienen. Als Farbpigmente können weiße Pigmente wie Titandioxid TiO2 verwendet werden. Weitere Farbpigmente können Calciumcarbonat, Bariumsulfat oder Bariumcarbonat sein.Both primer and hot melt can contain inorganic color pigments and thus serve as a white primer layer for the decorative layer to be subsequently printed. White pigments such as titanium dioxide TiO 2 can be used as color pigments. Other color pigments can be calcium carbonate, barium sulfate or barium carbonate.
Es ist ebenfalls denkbar, dass die Grundierung aus mindestens einer, bevorzugt aus mindestens zwei oder mehreren nacheinander aufgetragenen Lagen bzw. Aufträgen besteht, wobei die Auftragsmenge zwischen den Lagen bzw. Aufträgen gleich oder verschieden ist, d.h. die Auftragsmenge einer jeden einzelnen Lagen kann variieren.It is also conceivable that the primer consists of at least one, preferably at least two or more, layers or applications applied in succession, the application quantity between the layers or applications being the same or different, i.e. the order quantity of each individual layer can vary.
Die Grundierung kann unter Verwendung einer Walze auf die Oberfläche der Kunststoffträgerplatte aufgebracht werden.The primer can be applied to the surface of the plastic carrier plate using a roller.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante wird auf die Grundierung ein Weißgrund mittels Digitaldruck auf die Kunststoffträgerplatte aufgebracht. Die für das digitale Drucken des Weißgrundes verwendeten Digitaldrucktinten basieren bevorzugt auf UV-Tinten, die mit weißen Farbpigmenten angereichert sind. Es ist aber auch möglich wasserbasierte Digitaldrucktinten oder so genannte Hybridtinten zu verwenden. Ein Auftrag mittels Digitaldruck ist vorteilhaft, da die Druckanlage deutlich kürzer ist als eine Walzvorrichtung und somit Platz, Energie und Kosten spart.In a preferred embodiment variant, a white background is applied to the plastic carrier plate by means of digital printing on the primer. The digital printing inks used for digital printing of the white ground are preferably based on UV inks which are enriched with white color pigments. However, it is also possible to use water-based digital printing inks or so-called hybrid inks. An order using digital printing is advantageous because the printing system is significantly shorter than a rolling device and thus saves space, energy and costs.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird das mindestens eine Dekor mittels Digitaldruckverfahren auf die (oberflächenbehandelte und vorbeschichtete) Trägerplatte aufgebracht. Beim Digitaldruck wird das Druckbild direkt von einem Computer in eine Druckmaschine, wie zum Beispiel einen Laserdrucker oder Tintenstrahldrucker, übertragen. Dabei entfällt die Verwendung einer statischen Druckform. Der Dekordruck erfolgt nach dem Inkjet-Prinzip im Single-Pass bei dem die gesamte Breite der zu bedruckenden Oberseite überspannt wird, wobei die Platten unter dem Drucker hindurch bewegt werden. Es ist aber auch möglich, dass die zu bedruckende Trägerplatte unter dem Drucker angehalten wird und dieser die Oberfläche beim Drucken mindestens einmal überfährt.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the at least one decor is applied to the (surface-treated and precoated) carrier plate by means of digital printing processes. In digital printing, the print image is transferred directly from a computer to a printing press, such as a laser printer or inkjet printer. The use of a static printing form is not necessary. The decor is printed according to the inkjet principle in a single pass, in which the entire width of the top to be printed is spanned, with the plates being moved under the printer. However, it is also possible for the carrier plate to be printed to be stopped under the printer and for this to pass over the surface at least once during printing.
Die Druckfarben sind in separaten Druckkopfreihen zusammen gefasst, wobei je Farbe eine oder zwei Reihen Druckköpfe vorgesehen sein können. Die Farben der Digitaldrucktinten sind beispielsweise schwarz, blau, rot, rötliches gelb, grünliches gelb, optional kann auch CMYK verwendet werden. Die Digitaldrucktinten basieren optional auf den gleichen Pigmenten, die für analogen und/oder digitalen Druck mit wasserbasierten Tinten verwendet werden. Die Digitaldrucktinten basieren bevorzugt auf UV-Tinten. Es ist aber auch möglich wasserbasierte Digitaldrucktinten oder so genannte Hybridtinten zu verwenden. Nach dem Drucken erfolgt eine Trocknung und/oder Bestrahlung des Dekordrucks.The printing inks are combined in separate rows of printheads, one or two rows of printheads per color. The colors of the digital printing inks are, for example, black, blue, red, reddish yellow, greenish yellow, CMYK can optionally also be used. The digital printing inks are optionally based on the same pigments used for analog and / or digital printing with water-based inks. The digital printing inks are preferably based on UV inks. However, it is also possible to use water-based digital printing inks or so-called hybrid inks. After printing, the decorative print is dried and / or irradiated.
Die Druckfarben werden in einer Menge zwischen 1 und 30 g/m2, bevorzugt zwischen 3 und 20 g/m2, insbesondere bevorzugt zwischen 3 und 10 g/m2 aufgebracht.The printing inks are applied in an amount between 1 and 30 g / m 2 , preferably between 3 and 20 g / m 2 , particularly preferably between 3 and 10 g / m 2 .
Wie oben erwähnt, wird auf die Dekorschicht eine erste Abdeckschicht aufgebracht. Diese erste Abdeckschicht wird auf die Dekorschicht als Flüssigauftrag aufgebracht und besteht bevorzugt aus einer Hotcoating- bzw. Hotmelt-Schicht. Die Verwendung einer ersten Abdeckschicht ist von Vorteil, da eine verbesserte Haftung der anschließend aufgestreuten Partikel und der später aufgebrachten Schichten erreicht wird.As mentioned above, a first cover layer is applied to the decorative layer. This first covering layer is applied to the decorative layer as a liquid application and preferably consists of a hot coating or hot melt layer. The use of a first cover layer is advantageous since an improved adhesion of the subsequently scattered particles and the layers applied later is achieved.
Als Hotcoating bzw. Hotmelt (Schmelzklebstoff) wird bevorzugt ein Polyurethan-Hotmelt (bzw. Polyurethan-Schmelzklebstoff verwendet). Der PUR-Hotmelt wird bei einer Applikationstemperatur von ca. 150°C aufgetragen. Der Einsatz von Polyurethan als Hotmelt hat noch den weiteren Vorteil, dass eine Nachvernetzung mit der Oberfläche der Kunststoffträgerplatte erfolgt, wodurch eine besonders gute Haftung auf der Oberfläche bewirkt wird.A polyurethane hot melt (or polyurethane hot melt adhesive) is preferably used as the hot coating or hot melt (hot melt adhesive). The PUR hot melt is applied at an application temperature of approx. 150 ° C. The use of polyurethane as a hot melt has the further advantage that post-crosslinking takes place with the surface of the plastic carrier plate, which results in particularly good adhesion to the surface.
Die Auftragsmenge des Hotcoatings als erster Abdeckschicht liegt zwischen 20 und 50 g/m2, bevorzugt 30 und 40 g/m2.The amount of hot coating applied as the first covering layer is between 20 and 50 g / m 2 , preferably 30 and 40 g / m 2 .
Wie oben erwähnt, werden auf die mindestens eine auf der Dekorschicht aufgetragene erste Abdeckschicht abriebfeste Partikel aufgestreut. Der Vorteil des Aufstreuens der abriebfesten Partikel ist, dass Menge und Verteilung gezielt und schnell eingestellt werden können und ein schneller Wechsel an unterschiedliche Produktanforderungen möglich ist.As mentioned above, abrasion-resistant particles are sprinkled onto the at least one first covering layer applied to the decorative layer. The advantage of sprinkling the abrasion-resistant particles is that the quantity and distribution can be set quickly and specifically and a quick change to different product requirements is possible.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform des vorliegenden Verfahrens werden als abriebfeste Partikel, Partikel aus Korund (Aluminiumoxide), Borcarbide, Siliziumdioxide, Siliziumcarbide verwendet. Besonders bevorzugt sind Korundpartikel. Dabei handelt es sich in bevorzugter Weise um Edelkorund (weiß) mit einer hohen Transparenz, damit die optische Wirkung des darunterliegenden Dekors so wenig wie möglich nachteilig beeinflusst wird. Korund weist eine ungleichmäßige Raumform auf.In a further embodiment of the present method, particles made of corundum (aluminum oxides), boron carbides, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide are used as wear-resistant particles. Corundum particles are particularly preferred. These are more preferred Wise around high-grade corundum (white) with a high transparency, so that the optical effect of the underlying decor is adversely affected as little as possible. Corundum has an uneven spatial shape.
Die Menge an aufgestreuten abriebfesten Partikeln beträgt 10 bis 50 g/m2, bevorzugt 10 bis 30 g/m2, insbesondere bevorzugt 15 bis 25 g/m2. Die Menge der aufgestreuten abriebfesten Partikel hängt von der zu erreichenden Abriebklasse und der Korngröße ab. So liegt die Menge an abriebfesten Partikeln im Falle der Abriebklasse AC3 im Bereich zwischen 10 bis 15 g/m2, in der Abriebklasse AC4 zwischen 15 bis 20 g/m2 und in der Abriebklasse AC5 zwischen 20 bis 25 g/m2 bei Verwendung der Körnung F220. Im vorliegenden Fall weisen die fertigen Platten bevorzugt die Abriebklasse AC4 auf. Wobei die Prüfung nach der DIN EN 16511 - Mai 2014 Verfahren A oder B "Paneele für schwimmende Verlegung - Halbstarre, mehrlagige, modulare Bodenbeläge (MMF) mit abriebbeständiger Decklage" erfolgt.The amount of scattered abrasion-resistant particles is 10 to 50 g / m 2 , preferably 10 to 30 g / m 2 , particularly preferably 15 to 25 g / m 2 . The amount of abrasion-resistant particles sprinkled on depends on the abrasion class to be achieved and the grain size. The amount of abrasion-resistant particles in the case of the abrasion class AC3 is in the range between 10 to 15 g / m 2 , in the abrasion class AC4 between 15 to 20 g / m 2 and in the abrasion class AC5 between 20 to 25 g / m 2 when used the F220 grit. In the present case, the finished panels preferably have the abrasion class AC4. The test is carried out in accordance with DIN EN 16511 - May 2014, method A or B "Panels for floating installation - semi-rigid, multi-layer, modular floor coverings (MMF) with abrasion-resistant cover layer".
Es werden abriebfeste Partikel mit Körnungen in den Klassen F180 bis F240. Die Korngröße der Klasse F180 umfasst einen Bereich von 53 - 90 µm, F220 von 45-75 µm, F230 34-82 µm, F240 28-70 µm (FEPA Norm). In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden Korundpartikel der Klasse F220 verwendet,There are abrasion-resistant particles with grits in the classes F180 to F240. The grain size of class F180 covers a range from 53 - 90 µm, F220 from 45-75 µm, F230 34-82 µm, F240 28-70 µm (FEPA norm). In a particularly preferred embodiment, corundum particles of class F220 are used,
Die abriebfesten Partikel dürfen nicht zu feinkörnig sein (Gefahr der Staubbildung), aber auch nicht zu grobkörnig sein. Die Größe der abriebfesten Partikel stellt somit ein Kompromiss dar.The abrasion-resistant particles must not be too fine-grained (risk of dust formation), but also not too coarse-grained. The size of the abrasion-resistant particles is therefore a compromise.
In einer weitergehenden Ausführungsform können silanisierte Korundpartikel verwendet werden. Typische Silanisierungsmittel sind Aminosilane. Die Silanisierung der Korundpartikel ermöglicht eine verbesserte Haftung ("Andocken") der Korundpartikel auf den vorgelegten Schichten.In a further embodiment, silanized corundum particles can be used. Typical silanizing agents are aminosilanes. The silanization of the corundum particles enables an improved adhesion ("docking") of the corundum particles to the layers.
Wie oben erwähnt, wird auf die Lage von aufgestreuten abriebfesten Partikeln mindestens eine zweite Abdeckschicht aufgebracht. Bevorzugterweise besteht die mindestens eine zweite Abdeckschicht ebenfalls aus einem Hotcoating bzw.Hotmelt, z.B. einem PU-Hotmelt. Diese zweite Abdeckschicht dient a) der Abdeckung des Dekors, b) als Strukturträger und c) sorgt mit dem aufgestreuten Korund für die Verschleißfestigkeit gegen Abrieb.As mentioned above, at least one second covering layer is applied to the layer of scattered abrasion-resistant particles. Preferably, the at least one second cover layer also consists of a hot coating or hot melt, e.g. a PU hot melt. This second covering layer serves a) to cover the decor, b) as a structural support and c) with the sprinkled corundum ensures the wear resistance against abrasion.
Die Menge des Hotcoatings, welches auf die Lage aus aufgestreuten abriebfesten Partikeln aufgebracht wird, variiert in Abhängigkeit insbesondere von der Menge der auf das Druckdekor aufgebrachten ersten Abdeckschicht. Die Menge des als zweite Abdeckschicht aufgetragenen Hotcoatings liegt in einem Bereich zwischen 20-50 g/m2, bevorzugt 30 - 40 g/m2.The amount of hot coating which is applied to the layer of scattered abrasion-resistant particles varies depending in particular on the amount of the first covering layer applied to the printed decoration. The amount of the second cover layer Hot coats applied are in a range between 20-50 g / m 2 , preferably 30-40 g / m 2 .
Wie oben erwähnt, erfolgt in einem nächsten Schritt eine Strukturierung der zweiten Abdeckschicht. Die Strukturierung wird üblicherweise durch eine strukturierte Walze realisiert. Es ist aber auch möglich, alternativ oder zusätzlich einen Strukturgeber (z.B. Strukturgeberfolie, Strukturgeberpapier) mitzuführen.As mentioned above, the second cover layer is structured in a next step. The structuring is usually realized by a structured roller. However, it is also possible, as an alternative or in addition, to carry a structuring agent (e.g. structuring foil, structuring paper).
Es ist auch möglich, dass die Struktur im Register parallel zu dem Dekor verläuft, so gennannte EIR-Struktur bzw. dekorsynchrone Struktur. Dazu werden Position und Geschwindigkeit zwischen der zu strukturierenden Trägerplatte und dem Strukturgeber (Walze und/oder Strukturgeberpapier) synchronisiert.It is also possible for the structure in the register to run parallel to the decor, the so-called EIR structure or structure-synchronous structure. For this purpose, position and speed are synchronized between the carrier plate to be structured and the structure donor (roller and / or structure donor paper).
Auf die mindestens eine zweite, nunmehr strukturierte Abdeckschicht wird anschließend die mindestens eine Lackschicht aufgebracht, wobei die mindestens eine Lackschicht aus einem Decklack mit Nanopartikeln z.B. Nanopartikel aus Kieselsäure, besteht.The at least one lacquer layer is then applied to the at least one second, now structured, cover layer, the at least one lacquer layer comprising a top coat with nanoparticles, e.g. Nanoparticles made of silica.
Die mindestens eine Lackschicht dient der Verbesserung der Kratzfestigkeit und ggfs. Einstellung des Glanzgrades. Die Lackschicht besteht aus einem Decklack mit Nanopartikeln z.B. aus Kieselsäure. Der Lack, bevorzugt ein PU-Lack, kann in einer Menge zwischen 40 und 60 g/m2, bevorzugt 50 g/m2 mittels weiterer Walzen aufgebracht werden.The at least one lacquer layer serves to improve the scratch resistance and, if necessary, adjust the degree of gloss. The lacquer layer consists of a top coat with nanoparticles, for example of silica. The lacquer, preferably a PU lacquer, can be applied in an amount between 40 and 60 g / m 2 , preferably 50 g / m 2, by means of further rollers.
Für den Decklack werden insbesondere strahlenhärtbare acrylathaltige Lacke verwendet. Typischerweise enthalten die verwendeten strahlenhärtbaren Lacke (Meth)acrylate, wie zum Beispiel Polyester(meth)acrylate, Polyether(meth)acrylate, Epoxy(meth)acrylate oder Urethan(meth)acrylate. Es ist auch denkbar, dass das verwendete Acrylat bzw. der acrylathaltige Lack substituierte oder unsubstituierte Monomere, Oligomere und/oder Polymere, insbesondere in Form von Acrylsäure-, Acrylether- und/oder Acrylsäureestermonomeren, -oligomeren oder -polymeren vorliegt. Von Bedeutung für das vorliegende Verfahren ist dabei die definitionsgemäße Präsenz eine Doppelbindung bzw. ungesättigten Gruppe im Acrylat-Molekül. Die Polyacrylate können auch weiterhin funktionalisiert vorliegen. Geeignete funktionelle Gruppen sind unter anderem Hydroxy-, Amino-, Epoxy- und/oder Carboxylgruppen. Die genannten Acrylate ermöglichen eine Vernetzung bzw. Aushärtung in Gegenwart von UV- bzw. Elektronenstrahlen (ESH).In particular, radiation-curable acrylate-containing lacquers are used for the topcoat. The radiation-curable lacquers typically contain (meth) acrylates, such as, for example, polyester (meth) acrylates, polyether (meth) acrylates, epoxy (meth) acrylates or urethane (meth) acrylates. It is also conceivable for the acrylate or the acrylate-containing lacquer used to be substituted or unsubstituted monomers, oligomers and / or polymers, in particular in the form of acrylic acid, acrylic ether and / or acrylic acid ester monomers, oligomers or polymers. The presence of a double bond or unsaturated group in the acrylate molecule is of importance for the present process. The polyacrylates can also continue to be functionalized. Suitable functional groups include hydroxyl, amino, epoxy and / or carboxyl groups. The acrylates mentioned enable crosslinking or curing in the presence of UV or electron beams (ESH).
Es ist auch möglich, die oben erwähnte Strukturierung (z.B. mittels eines Strukturgebers oder einer strukturierten Walze) erst im Decklack vorzunehmen; d.h. die Strukturierung wird erst nach Auftrag des abschließenden Decklacks durchgeführt. Es ist auch denkbar, dass im Falle eines Acrylatlackes als Decklack zusammen mit dem Strukturgeber bereits eine Aushärtung des Schichtaufbaus erfolgt, so dass die Aushärtung weitgehend unter Sauerstoffabschluss (d.h. inert) stattfindet, wodurch sich hohe Glanzgrade erzielen lassen.It is also possible to carry out the structuring mentioned above (e.g. using a structuring device or a structured roller) only in the top coat; i.e. the structuring is only carried out after application of the final topcoat. It is also conceivable that in the case of an acrylate varnish as top coat, the structure of the layer is already hardened, so that the hardening takes place largely with the exclusion of oxygen (i.e. inert), whereby high gloss levels can be achieved.
Der Schichtaufbau wird abschließend getrocknet und ausgehärtet.The layer structure is then dried and cured.
Die Strahlungshärtung erfolgt somit bevorzugt durch die Einwirkung von energiereicher Strahlung wie z.B. UV-Strahlung oder durch Bestrahlung mit energiereichen Elektronen. Als Strahlungsquellen dienen bevorzugterweise Laser, Hochdruckquecksilberdampflampen, Blitzlicht, Halogenlampen oder Excimerstrahler. Die üblicherweise zur Aushärtung bzw. Vernetzung ausreichende Strahlungsdosis liegt bei UV-Härtung im Bereich von 80-3000 mJ/cm2. Gegebenenfalls kann die Bestrahlung auch unter Ausschluss von Sauerstoff d.h. in einer Inertgas-Atmosphäre durchgeführt werden. Bei Anwesenheit von Sauerstoff bildet sich Ozon, wodurch die Oberfläche matt wird. Geeignete Inertgase sind unter anderem Stickstoff, Edelgase oder Kohlendioxid. Das vorliegende Verfahren wird bevorzugt unter einer StickstoffAtmosphäre durchgeführt.Radiation curing is therefore preferably carried out by the action of high-energy radiation such as UV radiation or by irradiation with high-energy electrons. Lasers, high-pressure mercury vapor lamps, flashlights, halogen lamps or excimer lamps are preferably used as radiation sources. The radiation dose which is usually sufficient for curing or crosslinking is in the range from 80-3000 mJ / cm 2 for UV curing. If appropriate, the irradiation can also be carried out with the exclusion of oxygen, ie in an inert gas atmosphere. In the presence of oxygen, ozone is formed, making the surface matt. Suitable inert gases include nitrogen, noble gases or carbon dioxide. The present process is preferably carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere.
Die oberflächenveredelten Paneelformat können längs und quer auf Fräsautomaten profiliert werden, jedoch separat, um die Fräsabfälle wiederverwerten zu können.The surface-finished panel format can be profiled lengthways and crossways on milling machines, but separately, in order to be able to recycle the milling waste.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform des vorliegenden Verfahrens wird an zumindest zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Kanten des Paneels eine verriegelbare Nut-Feder-Verbindung eingebracht. Dies ermöglicht eine einfache und schnelle schwimmende Verlegung der Paneele. Derartige Nut-Feder-Verbindungen sind u.a. aus der
Mit dem vorliegenden Verfahren ist somit die Herstellung eines abriebfesten und wasserfesten mehrschichtigen Paneels möglich, welches den folgenden Aufbau (von unten nach oben) aufweist:
- mindestens eine Kunststoffträgerplatte, insbesondere einer PVC-Trägerplatte;
- mindestens eine Grundierung;
- mindestens eine im Direktdruck aufgedruckte Dekorschicht,
- mindestens eine auf der Dekorschicht vorgesehene erste Abdeckschicht;
- mindestens eine Lage von abriebfesten Partikeln auf der mindestens einen ersten Abdeckschicht;
- mindestens eine auf der Lage aus abriebfesten Partikeln vorgesehene zweite, bevorzugt strukturierte Abdeckschicht , und
- mindestens eine auf der zweiten Abdeckschicht vorgesehene Lackschicht.
- at least one plastic carrier plate, in particular a PVC carrier plate;
- at least one primer;
- at least one decorative layer printed in direct printing,
- at least one first covering layer provided on the decorative layer;
- at least one layer of abrasion-resistant particles on the at least one first cover layer;
- at least one second, preferably structured cover layer provided on the layer of abrasion-resistant particles, and
- at least one lacquer layer provided on the second cover layer.
Die abriebfesten und wasserfesten Paneele weisen eine Rohdichte zwischen 1500 und 3000 kg/m3, bevorzugt 2000 und 2500 kg/m3 auf. Die Gesamtschichtdicke der Paneele liegt unter 6 mm, zwischen 3 und 5 mm, bevorzugt 3 und 4,5 mm.The abrasion-resistant and waterproof panels have a bulk density between 1500 and 3000 kg / m 3 , preferably 2000 and 2500 kg / m 3 . The total layer thickness of the panels is less than 6 mm, between 3 and 5 mm, preferably 3 and 4.5 mm.
In einer Ausführungsform ist zwischen Grundierung und der aufgedruckten Dekorschicht ein Weißgrund vorgesehen.In one embodiment, a white background is provided between the primer and the printed decorative layer.
Der Schichtaufbau wäre in dieser Ausführungsvariante (von unten nach oben gesehen):
- mindestens eine Kunststoffträgerplatte, insbesondere eine PVC-Trägerplatte;
- mindestens eine Grundierung,
- mindestens ein Weißgrund;
- mindestens eine im Direktdruck auf die Grundierung aufgedruckte Dekorschicht,
- mindestens eine auf der Dekorschicht vorgesehene erste Abdeckschicht;
- mindestens eine Lage von abriebfesten Partikeln auf der mindestens einen ersten Abdeckschicht;
- mindestens eine auf der Lage aus abriebfesten Partikeln vorgesehene zweite, ggfs. strukturierte Abdeckschicht, und
- mindestens eine auf der zweiten Abdeckschicht vorgesehene Lackschicht.
- at least one plastic carrier plate, in particular a PVC carrier plate;
- at least one primer,
- at least one white background;
- at least one decorative layer printed on the primer by direct printing,
- at least one first covering layer provided on the decorative layer;
- at least one layer of abrasion-resistant particles on the at least one first cover layer;
- at least one second, optionally structured cover layer provided on the layer of abrasion-resistant particles, and
- at least one lacquer layer provided on the second cover layer.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist das vorliegende Paneel den folgenden Schichtaufbau auf (von unten nach oben gesehen):
- mindestens eine PVC-Trägerplatte;
- mindestens ein Hotcoating als Grundierung,
- mindestens ein Weißgrund;
- mindestens eine im Direktdruck auf die Grundierung aufgedruckte Dekorschicht,
- mindestens ein auf der Dekorschicht vorgesehenes Hotcoating als erste Abdeckschicht;
- mindestens eine Lage von abriebfesten Partikeln auf dem Hotcoating als erster Abdeckschicht;
- mindestens ein auf der Lage aus abriebfesten Partikeln vorgesehenes zweites, ggfs. strukturiertes Hotcoating als zweite Abdeckschicht, und
- mindestens eine auf dem Hotcoating als zweiter Abdeckschicht vorgesehene Lackschicht.
- at least one PVC carrier plate;
- at least one hot coating as a primer,
- at least one white background;
- at least one decorative layer printed on the primer by direct printing,
- at least one hot coating provided on the decorative layer as the first covering layer;
- at least one layer of abrasion-resistant particles on the hot coating as the first covering layer;
- at least one second, possibly structured hot coating provided on the layer of abrasion-resistant particles as a second covering layer, and
- at least one lacquer layer provided as a second covering layer on the hot coating.
Wie oben bereits erwähnt, kann das vorliegende Paneel kann auch in der den Gesamtaufbau abschließenden Lackschicht eine Strukturierung aufweisen (es wird auf die obigen Ausführungen hierzu verwiesen).As already mentioned above, the present panel can also have a structuring in the lacquer layer that completes the overall structure (reference is made to the above explanations in this regard).
Die Produktionslinie zur Durchführung des vorliegenden Verfahrens umfasst folgende Elemente:
- mindestens eine Auftragsvorrichtung zum Aufbringen von mindestens einer Grundierung auf die mindestens eine Kunststoffträgerplatte;
- mindestens ein Drucker zum Aufbringen von mindestens einer Dekorschicht;
- mindestens eine in Verarbeitungsrichtung hinter dem Drucker vorgesehene Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen von mindestens einer ersten Abdeckschicht auf die Dekorschicht;
- mindestens eine Vorrichtung zum Aufstreuen einer vorbestimmten Menge an abriebfesten Partikeln; und
- mindestens eine in Verarbeitungsrichtung hinter Streuvorrichtung angeordnete Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen von mindestens einer zweiten Abdeckschicht, und
- mindestens eine Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen einer Lackschicht.
- at least one application device for applying at least one primer to the at least one plastic carrier plate;
- at least one printer for applying at least one decorative layer;
- at least one device provided behind the printer in the processing direction for applying at least one first cover layer to the decorative layer;
- at least one device for sprinkling a predetermined amount of abrasion-resistant particles; and
- at least one device arranged behind the scattering device in the processing direction for applying at least one second cover layer, and
- at least one device for applying a layer of lacquer.
In einer Variante der vorliegenden Produktionslinie kann der Herstellungsprozess für die Kunststoffträgerplatte vorgeschaltet sein. Dieser Teilabschnitt umfasst mindestens eine Mischvorrichtung zum Vermischen der Ausgangsstoffe für die Kunststoffträgerplatte in Verarbeitungsrichtung. In der Mischvorrichtung werden der thermoplastische Kunststoff, insbesondere PVC, Kalkstein und weitere Zusätze miteinander vermischt. In einer weitergehenden Variante umfasst der Teilabschnitt der Produktionslinie mindestens einen in Verarbeitungsrichtung hinter der Mischvorrichtung angeordneten Zwischenbunker zur Lagerung der Mischung aus Kunststoff, Kalkstein und weiteren Zusätzen. An den Zwischenbunker schließt sich in Verarbeitungsrichtung ein Extruder an. Es ist auch möglich, auf die Mischvorrichtung und Zwischenbunker zu verzichten. In diesem Fall wird ein fertiges Compound aus den Ausgangsstoffen (z.B. in Form von Pellets) bereitgestellt und in den Extruder eingeführt.In a variant of the present production line, the manufacturing process for the plastic carrier plate can be connected upstream. This section comprises at least one mixing device for mixing the starting materials for the plastic carrier plate in the processing direction. The thermoplastic, in particular PVC, limestone and other additives, are mixed with one another in the mixing device. In a further variant, the section of the production line comprises at least one intermediate bunker arranged behind the mixing device in the processing direction for storing the mixture of plastic, limestone and other additives. An extruder is connected to the intermediate bunker in the processing direction. It is also possible to dispense with the mixing device and intermediate bunker. In this case, a finished one Compound prepared from the starting materials (eg in the form of pellets) and introduced into the extruder.
Die Mischung (Pulver oder Compound) wird im Extruder elastifiziert und durch ein Profil zur Ausbildung eines Endlosstranges (SPC-Strang) gepresst, welcher abgelängt (d.h. auf ein gewünschtes Format geschnitten) wird und die vereinzelten Formate als Trägerplatten vor Weiterverarbeitung abgestapelt werden.The mixture (powder or compound) is elasticized in the extruder and pressed through a profile to form an endless strand (SPC strand), which is cut to length (i.e. cut to a desired format) and the individual formats are stacked as carrier plates before further processing.
Zur Oberflächenbearbeitung werden die Trägerplatten vereinzelt und zunächst einer Vorbehandlung unterzogen, wie Anschliff, der die Oberfläche auch von Unebenheiten befreit, und/oder eine Plasma- oder Coronabehandlung. Die hierfür erforderlichen Vorrichtungen sind bekannt.For surface processing, the carrier plates are separated and first subjected to a pretreatment, such as grinding, which also frees the surface from unevenness, and / or a plasma or corona treatment. The devices required for this are known.
Wie oben erwähnt, wird ggfs. nach der Vornehandlung eine Grundierung (z.B. Primer oder Hotmelt, ggfs. mit weißen Pigmenten angereichert) auf die Kunststoffträgerplatte aufgebracht. Die dafür verwendete Auftragsvorrichtung ist bevorzugt in Form eines Walzenaggregates ausgebildet.As mentioned above, a primer (e.g. primer or hot melt, possibly enriched with white pigments) may be applied to the plastic carrier plate after the pre-treatment. The application device used for this is preferably designed in the form of a roller unit.
Auf die Grundierung kann anschließend ein Weißgrund mittels eines Digitaldruckers aufgebracht werden.A white background can then be applied to the primer using a digital printer.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird zum Aufdrucken der Dekorschicht ebenfalls ein Digitaldrucker verwendet.In a preferred embodiment, a digital printer is also used to print the decorative layer.
Die mindestens eine in Verarbeitungsrichtung hinter dem Drucker vorgesehene Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen von mindestens einer ersten Abdeckschicht auf die Dekorschicht ist bevorzugt in Form einer Walzenauftragsvorrichtung oder eines Sprühaggregates ausgebildet.The at least one device provided behind the printer in the processing direction for applying at least one first cover layer to the decorative layer is preferably designed in the form of a roller application device or a spray unit.
Die in der vorliegenden Produktionslinie vorgesehene Streuvorrichtung für die abriebfesten Partikel ist geeignet zum Streuen von Pulver, Granula, Fasern und umfasst ein oszillierendes Bürstensystem. Die Streuvorrichtung besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem Vorratstrichter, einer sich drehenden, strukturierten Walze und einem Abstreifer. Dabei wird über die Drehgeschwindigkeit der Walze die Auftragsmenge an abriebfesten Material bestimmt. Die Streuvorrichtung umfasst bevorzugt eine Stachelwalze.The spreading device for the abrasion-resistant particles provided in the present production line is suitable for spreading powder, granules, fibers and comprises an oscillating brush system. The spreader essentially consists of a hopper, a rotating, structured roller and a scraper. The application quantity of abrasion-resistant material is determined via the speed of rotation of the roller. The spreading device preferably comprises a spiked roller.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Produktionslinie ist zudem vorgesehen, dass die mindestens eine Streuvorrichtung von mindestens einer Kabine, die mit mindestens einem Mittel zum Entfernen von in der Kabine auftretenden Stäuben versehen ist, umgeben ist bzw. in dieser angeordnet ist. Das Mittel zum Entfernen der Stäube kann in Form einer Absaugvorrichtung oder auch als Vorrichtung zum Einblasen von Luft ausgebildet sein. Das Einblasen von Luft kann über Düsen erreicht werden, die am Plattenein- und auslauf installiert sind und Luft in die Kabine einblasen. Zusätzlich können diese verhindern, dass durch Luftbewegungen ein inhomogener Streuvorhang an abriebfesten Material entsteht.In one embodiment of the present production line, it is also provided that the at least one scattering device is surrounded or arranged in at least one cabin, which is provided with at least one means for removing dusts occurring in the cabin. The means for removing the dusts can be designed in the form of a suction device or also as a device for blowing in air. Air can be blown in via nozzles that are installed at the plate inlet and outlet and blow air into the cabin. In addition, these can prevent air movements from creating an inhomogeneous scatter curtain of abrasion-resistant material.
Die Entfernung des Staubes aus abriebfesten Material aus der Umgebung der Streuvorrichtung ist vorteilhaft, da neben der offensichtlich gesundheitlichen Belastung für die an der Produktionslinie tätigen Arbeiter der Feinstaub aus abriebfesten Partikeln sich auch auf anderen Anlagenteilen der Produktionslinie ablegt und zu erhöhten Verschleiß der selbigen führt. Die Anordnung der Streuvorrichtung in einer Kabine dient daher nicht nur der Reduzierung der gesundheitlichen Staubbelastung der Umgebung der Produktionslinie, sondern beugt auch einem vorzeitigen Verschleiß vor.The removal of the dust from abrasion-resistant material from the vicinity of the spreading device is advantageous since, in addition to the obvious health burden for the workers working on the production line, the fine dust from abrasion-resistant particles also deposits on other parts of the production line and leads to increased wear of the same. The arrangement of the spreading device in a cabin therefore not only serves to reduce the health dust pollution in the vicinity of the production line, but also prevents premature wear.
Der Streuvorrichtung schließt sich in Verarbeitungsrichtung die Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen der mindestens einen zweiten Abdeckschicht, bevorzugt in Form eines Hotcoatings an, wobei diese ebenfalls als Walzenaggregat vorliegt.The scattering device is followed in the processing direction by the device for applying the at least one second cover layer, preferably in the form of a hot coating, which is also present as a roller unit.
Die abschließende Lackschicht wird ebenfalls unter Verwendung einer Walzenvorrichtung aufgebracht.The final paint layer is also applied using a roller device.
Eine Strukturwalze kann zwischen der Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen der elastischen Schicht (Hotcoating) und der Walzenvorrichtung zum Aufbringen der abschließenden Lackschicht und/oder im Anschluss an Letztere vorgesehen sein.A structure roller can be provided between the device for applying the elastic layer (hot coating) and the roller device for applying the final lacquer layer and / or following the latter.
Den Auftragsvorrichtungen schließen sich in Verarbeitungsrichtung Vorrichtungen zum Aushärten des Schichtaufbaus an, wie Trockner und /oder Strahler.In the processing direction, the application devices are followed by devices for curing the layer structure, such as dryers and / or emitters.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren der Zeichnungen an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
Figur 1- eine schematische Darstellung einer Produktionslinie eines mehrschichtigen Paneels gemäß einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
- Figure 1
- is a schematic representation of a production line of a multilayer panel according to an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
Die in
Teilabschnitt 1 umfasst zunächst einen Vorratsbehälter 10 für PVC-Pulver und einen Vorratsbehälter 11 für Kalkstein, die in der Mischvorrichtung 13 unter Zugabe von weiteren Hilfsstoffen 12 miteinander vermischt werden.
Diese pulverförmige Mischung aus PVC, Kalkstein (oder Kreide) und weiteren Zusätzen kann in einem Zwischenbunker 14 zwischengelagert werden. Der Zwischenbunker 14 ist in Verarbeitungsrichtung hinter der Mischvorrichtung angeordnet. An den Zwischenbunker 14 schließt sich in Verarbeitungsrichtung der Extruder 15 an.This powdery mixture of PVC, limestone (or chalk) and other additives can be stored in an
Wie bereits diskutiert, kann auch direkt ein Compound aus den Einzelkomponenten in Pellet-Form als Ausgangskomponente für den Extruder 15 verwendet werden. In diesem Fall kann auf Vorratsbehälter 10, 11, 12, Mischvorrichtung 13, und Zwischenbunker 14 verzichtet werden.As already discussed, a compound from the individual components in pellet form can also be used directly as the starting component for the
Die Mischung (Pulver oder Compound) wird in die Extrudervorrichtung 15 zugeführt und durch ein Profil zur Ausbildung eines Endlosstranges (SPC-Strang) gepresst. Die Extrudervorrichtung 15 ist als mehrstufiger Extruder mit Zonen unterschiedlicher Temperatur ausgebildet, wobei eine teilweise Kühlung mit Wasser erfolgt. Aus dem Extruder wird ein plattenförmiger Strang (z.B. mit einer maximalen Breite von 1.400 mm) über eine Schlitzdüse auf eine Rollenbahn 16 ausgetragen, auf Format geschnitten und gestapelt.The mixture (powder or compound) is fed into the
Teilabschnitt 2 zur Oberflächenbearbeitung der Kunststoffträgerplatte beginnt mit einer Vereinzelung und Vorbehandlung der Trägerplatten, wie Anschliff und/oder eine Plasma- oder Coronabehandlung (nicht gezeigt).
In einem nächsten Schritt wird mindestens eine Grundierung, bevorzugt eines weißpigmentierten PUR-Hotmelt, auf die Oberfläche der Kunststoffträgerplatte unter Verwendung eines Walzenaggregats 20 aufgebracht.In a next step, at least one primer, preferably a white-pigmented PUR hot melt, is applied to the surface of the plastic carrier plate using a
Es schließt sich in der in
Die mindestens eine in Verarbeitungsrichtung hinter dem Drucker 22 vorgesehene Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen eines Hotcoatings (PUR-Hotmelt) als erster Abdeckschicht auf die Dekorschicht ist als Walzenauftragsvorrichtung 23 ausgebildet.The at least one device for applying a hot coating (PUR hot melt) as the first covering layer to the decorative layer, which is provided behind the
Nach der Walzenauftragsvorrichtung 23 für die erste Abdeckschicht ist eine erste Streuvorrichtung 24 zum gleichmäßigen Aufstreuen des abriebfesten Materials wie z.B. Korund auf der Oberseite der Kunststoffträgerplatte vorgesehen. Als abriebfestes Material wird der Korund F220 eingesetzt, welches nach FEPA-Norm etwa 45-75 µm im Durchmesser misst.After the
Die Streuvorrichtung 24 besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem Vorratstrichter, einer sich drehenden, strukturierten Stachelwalze und einem Abstreifer. Dabei wird über die Drehgeschwindigkeit der Streuwalze, die Auftragsmenge des Materials bestimmt. Auf die Platte wird je nach geforderter Abriebklasse des Produktes zwischen 12-25 g/m2 Korund aufgestreut (AC4 (nach DIN EN 16511) = 20 g/m2). Von der Stachelwalze aus fällt der Korund in einem Abstand von 5 cm auf die mit der Dekorfolie versehene Platte.The spreading
Der Streuvorrichtung 24 schließt sich in Verarbeitungsrichtung die Vorrichtung 25 zum Aufbringen eines Hotcoatings als zweiter Abdeckschicht an. Als Hotcoating wird auch hier ein PUR-Hotmelt verwendet.The
Die abschließende Lackschicht wird ebenfalls unter Verwendung einer Walzenvorrichtung 27 aufgebracht.The final lacquer layer is also applied using a
Eine Strukturwalze 26 ist zwischen der Vorrichtung 25 zum Aufbringen der zweiten Abdeckschicht und der Walzenvorrichtung 27 zum Aufbringen der abschließenden Lackschicht vorgesehen.A
Den Auftragsvorrichtungen schließen sich in Verarbeitungsrichtung Vorrichtungen zum Aushärten des Schichtaufbaus an, wie Trockner und /oder Strahler (nicht gezeigt). Zur weiteren Konfektionierung sind geeignete Kühlungsvorrichtungen und Schneidvorrichtung vorgesehen (nicht gezeigt).In the processing direction, the application devices are followed by devices for curing the layer structure, such as dryers and / or emitters (not shown). Suitable cooling devices and cutting devices (not shown) are provided for further assembly.
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PT191531714T PT3686029T (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Method for producing an abrasion-resistant and waterproof multilayer panel and a panel obtained with said method |
| ES19153171T ES2916708T3 (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Procedure for the manufacture of a multilayer panel resistant to abrasion and water |
| EP19153171.4A EP3686029B1 (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Method for producing an abrasion-resistant and waterproof multilayer panel |
| PL19153171.4T PL3686029T3 (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Method for producing an abrasion-resistant and waterproof multilayer panel |
| CN202080010254.5A CN113348094A (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2020-01-09 | Method for producing a wear-resistant and water-resistant multi-layer panel and panel produced by means of said method |
| PCT/EP2020/050436 WO2020151956A1 (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2020-01-09 | Method for producing an abrasion- and water-resistant multilayer panel and a panel which is produced using said method |
| US17/425,103 US12311404B2 (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2020-01-09 | Method for producing an abrasion- and water-resistant multilayer panel and a panel which is produced using said method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19153171.4A EP3686029B1 (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Method for producing an abrasion-resistant and waterproof multilayer panel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3686029A1 true EP3686029A1 (en) | 2020-07-29 |
| EP3686029B1 EP3686029B1 (en) | 2022-04-20 |
Family
ID=65200692
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19153171.4A Active EP3686029B1 (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Method for producing an abrasion-resistant and waterproof multilayer panel |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12311404B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3686029B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN113348094A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2916708T3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL3686029T3 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT3686029T (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2020151956A1 (en) |
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| EP4253457A1 (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-04 | Renolit SE | Uv protective film for outdoor use |
| EP4253456A1 (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-04 | Renolit SE | Uv protective film for outdoor use |
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2019
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2020
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20220105539A1 (en) | 2022-04-07 |
| WO2020151956A1 (en) | 2020-07-30 |
| ES2916708T3 (en) | 2022-07-05 |
| CN113348094A (en) | 2021-09-03 |
| EP3686029B1 (en) | 2022-04-20 |
| US12311404B2 (en) | 2025-05-27 |
| PL3686029T3 (en) | 2022-09-12 |
| PT3686029T (en) | 2022-06-15 |
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