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EP3640539A1 - Dispositif de chauffage à bois combustible - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage à bois combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3640539A1
EP3640539A1 EP18817449.4A EP18817449A EP3640539A1 EP 3640539 A1 EP3640539 A1 EP 3640539A1 EP 18817449 A EP18817449 A EP 18817449A EP 3640539 A1 EP3640539 A1 EP 3640539A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
heating device
wood
gas duct
additional gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18817449.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3640539A4 (fr
Inventor
Mark SOLONIN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pyroheat Oue
Original Assignee
Pyroheat Oue
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pyroheat Oue filed Critical Pyroheat Oue
Publication of EP3640539A1 publication Critical patent/EP3640539A1/fr
Publication of EP3640539A4 publication Critical patent/EP3640539A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0063Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using solid fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F23B10/02Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B5/00Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
    • F23B5/02Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in main combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/02Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
    • F23B50/06Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the flue gases being removed downwards through one or more openings in the fuel-supporting surface
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F23B7/002Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements
    • F23B7/005Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements with downdraught through fuel bed and grate
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B13/00Details solely applicable to stoves or ranges burning solid fuels 
    • F24B13/04Arrangements for feeding solid fuel, e.g. hoppers 
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B9/00Stoves, ranges or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for heating water 
    • F24B9/006Stoves, ranges or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for heating water  flue-gas ducts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H8/00Fluid heaters characterised by means for extracting latent heat from flue gases by means of condensation
    • F24H8/006Means for removing condensate from the heater
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2700/00Combustion apparatus for solid fuel
    • F23B2700/018Combustion apparatus for solid fuel with fume afterburning by staged combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using solid fuels; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23B2900/00001Combustion chambers with integrated fuel hopper

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to heat power engineering, in particular to heating devices, in which solid fuel of plant origin (firewood, wood waste, chips, straw) is subjected to high-temperature gasification (pyrolysis) followed by combustion of pyrolysis gases and coal residue.
  • solid fuel of plant origin firewood, wood waste, chips, straw
  • pyrolysis high-temperature gasification
  • the prior art describes a heating device (boiler), which comprises a wood fuel hopper, a gasification chamber (primary combustion chamber) and an afterburner consisting of one or two compartments located below or to the side of the gasification chamber (primary combustion chamber), placed in a single vertically oriented housing.
  • a heating device which comprises a wood fuel hopper, a gasification chamber (primary combustion chamber) and an afterburner consisting of one or two compartments located below or to the side of the gasification chamber (primary combustion chamber), placed in a single vertically oriented housing.
  • the majority of commercially available wood fuel boilers are made according to this scheme, for example, products manufactured by ARCA, Astra, Atmos, Attack, Buderus, Cichewic, Guntamatic, Kalvis, Schutechnik, Kostrzewa, Orlan, Solarbayer, Viessmann.
  • the prior art describes several technical solutions that allow using wood with high moisture content as fuel for a household heating device of small power (20-100 kW).
  • the fundamental basis of the technical solution is to create and maintain a high temperature (700-800 °C or more) in the gasification chamber (primary combustion chamber) at which water vapor in contact with hot coal turns into two combustible gases: hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
  • the pyrolysis gas afterburner is placed inside the gasification chamber (see EP 2 821 698 A1 ), or the pyrolysis gas afterburner is made in the form of a ring concentrically surrounding the gasification chamber (see DE 3411822 A1 and RU 2578550 C1 ), or a stream of hot combustion products leaving the pyrolysis gas afterburner rises and at the same time washes and heats the side walls of the gasification chamber (see CZ 2008191 A3 ).
  • the prior art also describes a heating device in which the above-mentioned heating methods are supplemented by blowing very hot primary air into the gasification chamber at high speed (see RU 164691 U1 ).
  • a permanent design flaw is that small doses of wood pyrolysis products, including carbon monoxide, which are inevitably present in a mixture with water vapor, are also emitted into the atmosphere. In the 30-40s this did not hold any significance, but since then, the requirements for the ecological cleanliness of heating devices have been significantly stricter. So, the Soviet standard from the 80s for wood stoves (GOST 9817-82) limited the permissible carbon monoxide emissions to 4%, but the modern European standard EN 303-5 for class 5 requires a reduction in carbon monoxide emissions to 0.04%. It is not always possible to reduce carbon monoxide emissions to such a level even with the use of complex after-combustion chambers; all the more it is impossible to meet the strict modern standards by discharging the contents of the gas environment of the fuel hopper directly into the atmosphere.
  • the technical result for achieving the claimed utility model is the sustainable and environmentally friendly burning of wood fuel with a natural (i.e. high) moisture content.
  • a heating device using wood fuel comprising placed in a single vertically oriented housing a hopper for solid fuel and a gasification chamber below it, an afterburner, as well as primary and secondary air supply ducts, an exhaust chimney and a water tank, inside which a fire tube heat exchanger is placed, which has at least one vertically oriented additional gas duct, the upper opening of which is located at the upper point of the internal volume of the fuel hopper, and the lower opening is located in the area of the afterburner, where the combustion of the flame ends.
  • At least one gas collection funnel can be installed in the upper part of the fuel hopper, the upper point of which is connected to the upper opening of the additional gas duct.
  • a shut-off and control valve may be inserted into the additional duct.
  • the additional gas duct can be at least partially placed inside the water tank, while a container for collecting condensate with a device for draining condensate out of the heating device is placed at the bottom of the part of the additional gas duct that is placed in water.
  • the claimed device can be manufactured with standard equipment using known and traditional heating devices, technological processes and materials.
  • the claimed utility model meets the criterion of industrial applicability.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical section of the version having a gas collection funnel but no condensate collecting tank.
  • the heating device comprises a solid fuel hopper 1 with a loading hatch 12, gasification zone (chamber) 2 located in the lower part of the hopper, afterburner 3, primary air supply ducts 4, secondary air supply ducts 5, water tank 6 housing a fire-tube heat exchanger 7 connected to the smoke exhauster 8 via the outlet chimney.
  • the heating device operates as follows. Wood fuel 11 (for example, firewood or wood chips with a natural moisture content) is loaded into the hopper 1 through the loading hatch 12 on the side wall of the hopper. Due to gravity, the wood fuel falls down, successively passing through the drying zone (upper part of the hopper), the dry distillation zone (lower part of the hopper) and enters the gasification zone (chamber) 2. In this zone, the fuel is ignited from an external source (not shown) and burns in the atmosphere of primary air supplied to the gasification and primary combustion zones through duct 4.
  • Wood fuel 11 for example, firewood or wood chips with a natural moisture content
  • Combustible gases (hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide), formed as a result of primary pyrolysis of wood and chemical reduction after contact with hot coal, enter the afterburner 3, where they are mixed with secondary air entering through duct 5 and burned in the flame 13.
  • the hot combustion products from the afterburner enter the fire tube 7, where they transfer their heat to the water in tank 6 and are then discharged into the exhaust pipe with a smoke exhauster 8 , from there into the chimney (not shown) and then to the atmosphere.
  • the movement of water vapor from the top of the additional gas duct 9 to the bottom occurs under the influence of rarefaction (differential pressure) created by the smoke exhauster 8 in the afterburner 3; furthermore, the difference in the specific gravity of the steam having a temperature of 100-120 °C and the combustion products in the afterburner having a temperature of more than 800-900 °C contributes to the movement of steam from the top of the additional gas duct 9 to the bottom.
  • the removal of or at least a significant reduction in the amount of water vapor in the primary combustion zone contributes to the sustainable burning of wood fuel.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP18817449.4A 2017-06-16 2018-05-04 Dispositif de chauffage à bois combustible Withdrawn EP3640539A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2017121196 2017-06-16
PCT/RU2018/000287 WO2018231098A1 (fr) 2017-06-16 2018-05-04 Dispositif de chauffage à bois combustible

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3640539A1 true EP3640539A1 (fr) 2020-04-22
EP3640539A4 EP3640539A4 (fr) 2021-03-03

Family

ID=64660418

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18817449.4A Withdrawn EP3640539A4 (fr) 2017-06-16 2018-05-04 Dispositif de chauffage à bois combustible

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20200158375A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3640539A4 (fr)
CA (1) CA3074239A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018231098A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2640677A (en) * 2024-04-30 2025-11-05 Peter Binstead Ronald Heat exchange assembly for stove

Family Cites Families (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US340781A (en) * 1886-04-27 Furnace for burning fine coal
US225793A (en) * 1880-03-23 Combustion of fuel
US124345A (en) * 1872-03-05 Improvement in combined stoves and boilers
US220113A (en) * 1879-09-30 Improvement in smoke-consuming attachments for steam-boilers
US238256A (en) * 1881-03-01 Smoke and gas consuming furnace
US32731A (en) * 1861-07-02 Improved heater and boiler
US686276A (en) * 1901-06-29 1901-11-12 William B Estes Furnace.
US688379A (en) * 1901-07-02 1901-12-10 George A W Arnholt Smoke-consumer.
US1120484A (en) * 1914-04-01 1914-12-08 John H Kennedy Smoke-consumer.
US3168088A (en) * 1962-02-28 1965-02-02 Virginia Metalcrafters Inc Thermostatically controlled heating apparatus
US4335660A (en) * 1980-06-02 1982-06-22 Research Cottrell Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for flue gas recirculation in a solid fuel boiler
IT1181346B (it) * 1984-03-16 1987-09-23 Unical Spa Bruciatore perfezionato per caldaia in acciaio a combustibile solido
DE3411822A1 (de) 1984-03-30 1985-10-03 Hans Dr.h.c. 3559 Battenberg Vießmann Festbrennstoffvergaser
US4559882A (en) * 1984-06-04 1985-12-24 Dobson Lawrence A Biomass-fueled furnace
DK155463C (da) * 1985-11-08 1989-08-14 Kedler Tarm As Fastbraendselskedel, isaer til trae
EP0563499A1 (fr) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-06 Liebi Lnc Ag Chaudière de gazéification du bois
DE19531821A1 (de) * 1995-08-15 1997-02-20 Christian Dipl Ing Herlt Vergaserheizkessel für feste Brennstoffe, insbesondere für Holz
DE19646525C1 (de) * 1996-10-29 1998-06-10 Christian Dipl Ing Herlt Vergaserheizkessel für feste Brennstoffe, insbesondere für Holz
CA2332011A1 (fr) * 1998-05-11 1999-11-18 Hans Rueegg Procede de traitement thermique de matieres solides
CZ2008191A3 (cs) 2008-03-26 2009-10-07 Zajícek@Kamil Zplynovací komora
RU2450207C1 (ru) * 2010-10-28 2012-05-10 Учреждение Российской Академии наук Институт теплофизики им. С.С. Кутателадзе Сибирского отделения РАН (ИТ СО РАН) Горелочное устройство
FR2979415B1 (fr) * 2011-08-24 2018-11-23 Areva Renouvelables Bruleur de biomasse lignocellulosique a triple flux avec generation de gaz de combustion a teneur controlee en oxygene.
EP2821698A1 (fr) 2013-05-01 2015-01-07 Aristidis Afentoulidis Chambre de combustion secondaire de forme tubulaire disposée dans la chambre de combustion primaire d'une chaudière à gazéification de biomasse solide
RU2578550C1 (ru) 2015-04-06 2016-03-27 Костин Константин Николаевич Газогенератор
RU164691U1 (ru) 2015-08-15 2016-09-10 Марк Семенович Солонин Пиролизное отопительное устройство

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA3074239A1 (fr) 2018-12-20
WO2018231098A1 (fr) 2018-12-20
US20200158375A1 (en) 2020-05-21
EP3640539A4 (fr) 2021-03-03

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