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EP3537043B1 - Installation d'incinération - Google Patents

Installation d'incinération

Info

Publication number
EP3537043B1
EP3537043B1 EP19150955.3A EP19150955A EP3537043B1 EP 3537043 B1 EP3537043 B1 EP 3537043B1 EP 19150955 A EP19150955 A EP 19150955A EP 3537043 B1 EP3537043 B1 EP 3537043B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pass
combustion
fluidized bed
air
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19150955.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3537043A1 (fr
EP3537043C0 (fr
Inventor
Sebastian Kaiser
Kurt Kaufmann
Christian PUSTERHOFER
Franz Neubacher
Walter KLETZMAYER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Andritz AG
Original Assignee
Andritz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Andritz AG filed Critical Andritz AG
Publication of EP3537043A1 publication Critical patent/EP3537043A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3537043B1 publication Critical patent/EP3537043B1/fr
Publication of EP3537043C0 publication Critical patent/EP3537043C0/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/06041—Staged supply of oxidant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/101—Combustion in two or more stages with controlled oxidant supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an incineration plant comprising a fluidized bed; a first pass with a first combustion chamber and at least one fuel inlet for burning a fuel.
  • the invention further relates to a method in an incineration plant.
  • Fluidized bed combustion systems are often used for this purpose. Fluidized bed combustion systems have the advantage of being able to burn a wide range of fuels due to the high storage capacity of the bed material. In addition, the excellent mixing in a fluidized bed allows for very homogeneous combustion and thus very low emissions. Many waste materials form ash during combustion with a melting point below the typical combustion temperature of such a plant. This occurs particularly with agricultural products such as grasses, straw, grains, energy crops, animal waste products with high alkali content in the ash, or municipal or commercial waste fuels or shredder fractions from metal processing.
  • JP2009139043 A reveals a sludge incineration plant comprising a fluidized bed furnace equipped with a separation device and a post-combustion furnace arranged downstream of the fluidized bed furnace.
  • JP S58 156107 A discloses a fluidized bed boiler in which flue gas is fed into a second combustion chamber. The flue gas from the fluidized bed boiler is diverted through an outlet into the second combustion chamber.
  • EP 0 908 672 A1 discloses a device for treating solid waste. It depicts a fluidized-bed gasification furnace and a fluidized-bed melting furnace, with the gas from the fluidized-bed gasification furnace being fed to the fluidized-bed melting furnace.
  • the low-melting ash especially when the air supply, particularly the secondary (or tertiary) air, is arranged one above the other and above the fluidized bed in a common combustion chamber, forms deposits on the combustion chamber walls. These deposits grow with continuous operation of the system. At a certain size or when combustion conditions change due to load changes, they detach from the wall and fall into the fluidized bed. There, they hinder fluidization, which also leads to uncontrolled combustion conditions that necessitate shutdown of the system. This situation can theoretically be circumvented by constant, continuous cleaning of the combustion chamber walls. This prevents deposits from growing beyond a critical size; small deposits can be removed from the fluidized bed during operation.
  • WO 2014/184437 A A boiler is known in which the lower part is divided to create a fluidized bed area and a free area for the removal of slag and ash. Furthermore, the gas is directed upwards by baffles. redirected. From the JP S58156107 A A boiler is known in which the gas is fed into a cyclone into which water is injected for cooling. JP S602817 A shows a single-stage combustion with a downward flow cooler.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an incineration plant and a method for burning such fuels which avoids or reduces the above-mentioned disadvantages and enables the direct feeding of fuels with low-melting ashes as fuel into the fluidized bed.
  • the incineration plant according to the invention is defined in claim 1. This ensures that ash deposits and slag only form in the second pass without negatively affecting the fluidized bed.
  • low-melting ash and slag can be removed separately.
  • the invention also relates to the method defined in claim 4 in an incineration plant.
  • the gases from the fluidized bed are passed into the first pass and the complete combustion takes place in the second pass.
  • FIG. 1 A fluidized bed combustion plant is schematically shown, in which bed material such as sand, blast furnace slag or similar materials is fluidized in a fluidized bed 2 by injection 9 of combustion air and, if necessary, by recirculation gas. Via one or more The solid fuel is injected or blown into the combustion chamber of the first pass 8 via fuel feed points 1.
  • the combustion chamber in the first pass 8 and the combustion chamber in the second pass 5, separated from it by a 180-degree deflection 3, can be designed to be gas-tight either by pipe walls conducting water and/or steam or by a sheet metal construction.
  • the wall can be protected by brick lining or metallic coatings.
  • the fuel from fuel feed 1 is partially combusted in fluidized bed 2, which typically has a temperature of 600-750°C. However, other temperature profiles are also possible.
  • An embodiment of the invention as described in Fig. 1 shown has several air openings for supporting air 7. This supporting air can combust a portion of the gas emerging from the fluidized bed 2, thereby raising the temperature of the gas to prevent the gas temperature from falling below the ignition temperature of the gas before reaching the secondary air supply 4.
  • the combustible gas mixture emerging from the combustion chamber of the first pass is guided in the deflector 3 into the downward-flowing second pass 5.
  • Secondary air 4 ensures complete combustion of the gas exiting the deflector 3.
  • the secondary air is injected via lances or nozzles and typically consists of several air inlets.
  • the secondary air supply can also be distributed over several levels (4, 4a).
  • the combustion gas After the addition of secondary air, the combustion gas typically has a temperature above 850°C, often even above 1000°C.
  • the downward-flowing second pass 5 of the combustion chamber sufficient residence time is ensured for high burnout. Slag accumulations can form on the walls of the downward-flowing combustion chamber due to the fuel properties. These deposits typically detach from the walls once they reach a certain size or are removed by heating surface cleaning devices.
  • a slag discharge opening 6 In the lower section of the downward-flow combustion chamber is a slag discharge opening 6, through which the slag is removed by gravity or through mechanical discharge openings. After the flue gas passes through the discharge opening 6, it is fed into the subsequent energy recovery process—typically a steam boiler with superheater, evaporator, and/or economizer. These plant components are state-of-the-art. Due to the prior slag separation, there is also no risk of clogging of superheater, evaporator, or economizer surfaces.
  • Fig. 3 A design not forming part of the invention is described in which the flue gas is deflected only 90 degrees 3 after the first pass.
  • the second pass 5 is thus designed horizontally.
  • the air supply 4 or 4a also takes place in the second pass 5, and the ash extractor 6 is also installed below the horizontal second pass in this case.
  • the disadvantages of this design are the more difficult mixing of the combustion air 4 or 4a with the flue gas and the lack of cooling options for the ash and slag, which fall into the ash hopper directly after complete combustion and cannot cool down in the second pass 5.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Installation de combustion comprenant
    - un lit fluidisé (2),
    - une première passe (8) avec une première chambre de combustion et au moins un ajout de combustible (1) pour brûler le combustible,
    - une deuxième passe (5) avec une deuxième chambre de combustion, dans laquelle est disposée une alimentation en air secondaire (4, 4a) pour permettre la combustion complète et qui est traversée vers le bas, et
    - une dérivation (3) comprise entre 90 et 180 degrés, idéalement de 180 degrés, qui sépare la deuxième passe (5) du lit fluidisé (2) et de la première passe (8).
  2. Installation de combustion selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que, dans la deuxième passe (5) est disposée un orifice d'évacuation (6) destiné aux cendres fondant à basse température et au laitier.
  3. Installation de combustion selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisée en ce que des ajouts d'air supplémentaires (4a) sont effectués dans la deuxième passe (5) que l'air traverse vers le bas.
  4. Procédé mis en œuvre dans une installation de combustion comprenant un lit fluidisé (2) ; une première passe (8) avec une première chambre de combustion et au moins un ajout de combustible (1) pour brûler un combustible ; une deuxième passe (5) avec une deuxième chambre de combustion, dans laquelle est disposée une alimentation en air secondaire (4, 4a) pour permettre la combustion complète et qui est traversée vers le bas ; et une dérivation (3) comprise entre 90 et 180 degrés, idéalement de 180 degrés, qui sépare la deuxième passe (5) du lit fluidisé (2) et de la première passe (8) ; dans lequel l'air secondaire (4, 4a) est apporté dans la deuxième passe (5) dans une zone séparée de l'ajout de combustible (1) après la dérivation (3) pour permettre une combustion complète, le gaz de combustion s'écoulant vers le bas dans la deuxième passe (5).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que des ajouts d'air supplémentaires (4a) sont introduits dans la deuxième passe (5) que l'air traverse vers le bas.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'une combustion supplémentaire permet de faire monter la température au-dessus de 750°C.
EP19150955.3A 2018-03-09 2019-01-09 Installation d'incinération Active EP3537043B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50200/2018A AT520305B1 (de) 2018-03-09 2018-03-09 Verbrennungsanlage

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3537043A1 EP3537043A1 (fr) 2019-09-11
EP3537043B1 true EP3537043B1 (fr) 2025-10-15
EP3537043C0 EP3537043C0 (fr) 2025-10-15

Family

ID=65011892

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19150955.3A Active EP3537043B1 (fr) 2018-03-09 2019-01-09 Installation d'incinération

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3537043B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT520305B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112628754B (zh) * 2020-12-16 2023-06-13 中广核研究院有限公司 废弃物气化熔融处理系统及废弃物气化熔融处理方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58156107A (ja) * 1982-03-11 1983-09-17 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 流動層式焼却炉
JPS602817A (ja) * 1983-06-20 1985-01-09 Ebara Corp 焼却装置
JP4076233B2 (ja) * 1996-06-25 2008-04-16 株式会社荏原製作所 固形廃棄物のガス化溶融処理方法及び装置
JP4817459B2 (ja) * 2007-12-10 2011-11-16 メタウォーター株式会社 汚泥の焼却装置及びこれを用いた汚泥の焼却方法
FI126744B (fi) * 2013-05-14 2017-04-28 Valmet Technologies Oy Järjestely ja menetelmä leijutekniikkaa käyttävässä kattilassa

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT520305A4 (de) 2019-03-15
AT520305B1 (de) 2019-03-15
EP3537043A1 (fr) 2019-09-11
EP3537043C0 (fr) 2025-10-15

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