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EP3516185B1 - Procédé et agencement pour fixer un article chaud à un article froid - Google Patents

Procédé et agencement pour fixer un article chaud à un article froid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3516185B1
EP3516185B1 EP16778860.3A EP16778860A EP3516185B1 EP 3516185 B1 EP3516185 B1 EP 3516185B1 EP 16778860 A EP16778860 A EP 16778860A EP 3516185 B1 EP3516185 B1 EP 3516185B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support
exhaust
exhaust module
positioning means
recited
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16778860.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3516185A1 (fr
Inventor
Michele CERNIGOJ
Leonardo GAMBINI
Francesco SALIERNO
Odorico Contento
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wartsila Finland Oy
Original Assignee
Wartsila Finland Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wartsila Finland Oy filed Critical Wartsila Finland Oy
Publication of EP3516185A1 publication Critical patent/EP3516185A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3516185B1 publication Critical patent/EP3516185B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1838—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly characterised by the type of connection between parts of exhaust or silencing apparatus, e.g. between housing and tubes, between tubes and baffles
    • F01N13/1844—Mechanical joints
    • F01N13/1855—Mechanical joints the connection being realised by using bolts, screws, rivets or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F01N13/1811—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/24—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by bolts, screws, rivets or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for marine vessels or naval applications

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of fastening a first article on a second article in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to an arrangement for fastening an exhaust module of an internal combustion engine to a support arranged in connection with the internal combustion engine in accordance with the preamble of claim 8. More specifically the present invention discusses the method of and the arrangement for fastening an exhaust module on its support in an internal combustion engine.
  • the present invention also relates to the novel exhaust module and the novel support as well as the internal combustion engine.
  • each bank of the engine is often provided with a turbocharger of its own, and positioning of the turbochargers may therefore be problematic.
  • Turbochargers that are normally used in connection with marine engines have their turbine inlet in radial direction, whereby, to make the installation simple, the turbochargers are arranged such that their axis is in a plane at right angles to the plane of the axis of the engine, whereby the exhaust gases may be brought from the engine banks by means of straight exhaust manifolds to the exhaust inlets of the turbochargers.
  • the exhaust module is a device between the exhaust manifolds arranged in the longitudinal direction of the engine and the turbine inlets of the turbochargers.
  • the exhaust module By means of the exhaust module the flow directions of the exhaust gases are turned from the longitudinal direction of the engine to a transverse direction such that the turbochargers may be positioned with their axes parallel with the axis of the engine.
  • the turbochargers may be fitted side by side within the width dimension of the V- type engine.
  • the exhaust module has been discussed in more detail in WO-A2-2013/030445 corresponding to EP-A1-2751407 .
  • US-B1-6789386 discusses an exhaust gas manifold for mounting on a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, the exhaust gas manifold being composed of at least one cylinder support having bores for evacuating the exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust gas manifold comprises an exhaust gas manifold collector housing for collecting exhaust gas from the cylinder head, and a sealing device placed between the exhaust gas collector housing and the cylinder head.
  • the exhaust gas manifold collector housing is provided with recesses so that it can be directly connected to the cylinder head via a fixation mechanism, whereby the effect of heat enables movements between the exhaust gas manifold collector housing and the cylinder head.
  • JP-A- H08 246868 discusses enhancing inserting workability of a stud bolt by forming a corner square part between a collar nut seat and an inner peripheral surface of a collar main body in a taper shape in a cylindrical installing collar to restrain thermal expansion/contraction of the installing collar by forming a clearance between the stud bolt and the collar main body.
  • the installing collar is composed of a collar main body and a collar nut seat, and restrains thermal expansion/contraction of the installing collar by arranging a clearance between a stud bolt and the collar main body.
  • an end part on the collar nut seat side of the collar main body that is, a corner square part between an inner peripheral surface of the collar main body and the collar nut seat is formed in a truncated cone-shaped taper surface whose inside diameter reduces as it proceeds in the collar nut seat direction, and is formed as a stud bolt guide. Therefore, when the installing collar is installed on the stud bolt, an inserting guide of the installing collar to the stud bolt is smoothed, and inserting workability is enhanced.
  • US-A1-2014053918 discusses a mounting foot for mounting an after-treatment component to a frame.
  • the mounting foot may have a pad connectable to the frame.
  • the mounting foot may also have a slider slidably connected to the pad.
  • the mounting foot may have a mounting bracket.
  • the mounting bracket may have a first end connectable to the after-treatment component and a second end connected to the slider.
  • DE-A1-19920822 discusses an apparatus and method of attaching an exhaust manifold to an engine's cylinder head utilizing an oversized hole in the manifold, a stud fastener extending through the oversized hole, a spacer element around the stud fastener, and a nut adapted to be tightened to engage the spacer element and the flange wherein a flat gasket is compressed to a desired extent, which is not so excessive that it inhibits sliding movement caused by thermal growth of the manifold.
  • EP-A1-1450018 discusses a fixing system for fixing an exhaust manifold to an internal combustion engine comprises a bolt having a first end for fixing to the engine, and a sleeve having an internal diameter that is greater than the external diameter of the bolt. A first end of the sleeve is supported on a flange of the exhaust manifold and a second end of the sleeve is supported on an abutment attached to a second end of the bolt. The thermal expansion coefficient of the material of the bolt is greater than the thermal expansion coefficient of the material of the sleeve.
  • Independent claims are also included for: (1) Internal combustion engine arrangement comprising an exhaust manifold fixed to an internal combustion engine using the above fixing system; and (2) Process for fixing an exhaust manifold to an internal combustion engine.
  • the thermal expansion of the exhaust module could be, in a way, fought, by means of fixing the exhaust module on its support by means of standard fastening bolts, whereby high stress would be subjected to all members of the connection, i.e. the exhaust module, the fastening bolts and the support. Such a high stress could result in fatigue of one or more fastening bolts, for instance, whereby there is a risk of loosening of the exhaust module that would easily get even worse due to the vibrations of the engine.
  • Another way of taking into account the thermal expansion of the exhaust module would be to leave the exhaust module for the bellows- type pipe joints to carry, but such is, in practice, an impossible choice as the bellows- type pipe joints are, by nature, flexible and not designed to carry any load.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an improved way of fastening the exhaust module of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, where the cylinders are arranged in a V-configuration, on its support.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide such an improved way of fastening the exhaust module on its support that the exhaust module may both freely expand thermally and the exhaust module be still securely fastened on its support.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide such an improved way of fastening the exhaust module on its support that the free thermal expansion of the exhaust module is based on a sliding connection between the exhaust module and its support.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide such an improved way of fastening the exhaust module on its support that the arrangement used for fastening the exhaust module on its support has a specific design for allowing thermal movements of the exhaust module.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a prior art internal combustion engine 2 having its cylinders 4 in V- configuration, i.e. arranged in two banks, a first bank 6 and a second bank 8.
  • the exhaust gases of the first and the second banks 6 and 8 are collected in a first exhaust manifold 10 and in a second exhaust manifold 12.
  • the first and the second exhaust manifolds 10 and 12 take the exhaust gases to an exhaust module 14 (discussed in more detail in Figure 2 ) used for connecting the first and the second exhaust manifolds 10 and 12 to a first turbocharger 16 and a second turbocharger 18.
  • the internal combustion engine may be, for instance, a main or an auxiliary engine of a ship, or an engine that is used for producing electricity at a power plant.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary exhaust module 14, which may be provided with the improvements in accordance with the various embodiments or variations of the present invention.
  • the exhaust module 14 comprises two exhaust ducts 20 and 22, the connection for air by pass system and the connection for exhaust waste gate system that are integrated into the same module 14.
  • the exhaust module 14 is, preferably, made as a single-piece casting.
  • the material of the exhaust module 14 may be, for example, cast iron.
  • the first exhaust duct 20 is provided for connecting a first exhaust manifold (10 in Fig. 1 ) of a first bank of an engine to a first turbocharger.
  • the second exhaust duct 22 is provided for connecting a second exhaust manifold (12 in Fig. 1 ) of a second bank of the engine to a second turbocharger.
  • the first exhaust duct 20 crosses the second exhaust duct 22, both the ducts (20 and 22) are connected internally with the connection for air by-pass and exhaust waste gate.
  • the exhaust module 14 may be located at one end of the engine (as shown in Figure 1 ) and fastened, for example, to a suitable support, for instance a turbocharger bracket (shown in Figures 3 , 4 and 5 ) by means of a plurality of (normally four) feet 24.
  • the first exhaust duct 20 of the exhaust module 14 is arranged to receive hot exhaust gases from the first exhaust manifold through an inlet 20a.
  • the inlet 20a may be connected to the first exhaust manifold either directly or via an intermediate duct, for instance a bellows- type duct section.
  • the second exhaust duct 22 of the exhaust module 14 is arranged to receive hot exhaust gases from the second exhaust manifold through an inlet 22a.
  • the inlet 22a may be connected to the second exhaust manifold either directly or via an intermediate duct, for instance a bellows- type duct section.
  • the other end of the first exhaust duct 20 is arranged to introduce the hot exhaust gases into the turbine of the first turbocharger via an outlet 20b.
  • the other end of the second exhaust duct 22 is arranged to introduce hot exhaust gases into the turbine of the second turbocharger via an outlet 22b.
  • the outlet 20b of the first exhaust duct 20 is preferably at an angle of 70 - 110 degrees in relation to the inlet 20a of the first exhaust duct 20, and the outlet 22b of the second exhaust duct 6 is at an angle of 70 - 110 degrees in relation to the inlet 22a of the second exhaust duct 22 in the horizontal plane.
  • the problem the present invention is solving relates to the fact that, as hot exhaust gases pass the exhaust module, the exhaust module is running hot, the temperature thereof may be as high as 550 - 600°C in the upper part and 300 - 350°C in the lower part, and, since the exhaust module has to be fastened to a support, which is, by no means, subjected to corresponding high temperatures, but is, most probably, close to the engine block temperature of 80 - 90°C, the differences in thermal expansion of the two elements require that the fastening of the exhaust module, i.e. a hot article, to a support, i.e. a cold article, has to be considered in detail in order to avoid stresses subjected to the two elements.
  • the engine may be run in different load conditions, it should be understood that the temperature of the exhaust gases fluctuate in direct proportion to the load, whereby also the thermal expansion of the exhaust module changes in direct proportion to the engine load.
  • Figure 3 illustrates as a partial cross section the front view of the exhaust module - support combination (i.e. a hot article - a cold article combination) of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention from the direction the hot exhaust gases enter the inlets of the exhaust ducts.
  • the feet 24 of the exhaust module 14 are resting on a suitable support 26, the support being, preferably, but not necessarily, the turbocharger bracket.
  • the support 26 is a planar member having a surface 28 on which the feet 24 of the exhaust module 14 are arranged to rest.
  • the feet 24 are provided with holes 30 (here shown by their centerlines) for the fastening bolts (shown and discussed in more detail in Figure 6 ).
  • the support 26 is provided with threaded holes (shown in Fig. 6 ) for fastening bolts and a first means 32 for positioning (from now on referred as 'the first positioning means') the exhaust module on the support 26, which, in this variation of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, is a pin-like member extending upwardly from the surface 28 of the support 26 and, preferably but not necessarily, arranged, in this cross section, half-way between the threaded holes.
  • a second means 34 for positioning from now on referred as 'the second positioning means'
  • the exhaust module on the support 26 i.e.
  • the first positioning means is a blind opening in the surface 28 of the support 26, whereby the second positioning means is a pin-like member having a cross sectional shape matching to that of the first positioning means and extending from the protrusion arranged to the bottom of the exhaust module.
  • the first positioning means is a blind opening in the surface 28 of the support 26, whereby the second positioning means is a pin-like member having a cross sectional shape matching to that of the first positioning means and extending (without protrusion) from the bottom of the exhaust module.
  • the purpose of the first and the second positioning means 32 and 34 is to prevent unexpected movements and sliding of the exhaust module due to thermal expansion and external loads.
  • their purpose is to maintain the overall position of the exhaust module 14 in relation to the support and on the support 26 such that, in accordance with the present invention, the thermal expansion of the exhaust module 14 makes the feet 24 of the exhaust module 14 slide on the surface 28 of the support 26 in predetermined directions away of or towards the positioning means, depending on the direction of the change in the temperature of the exhaust module 14.
  • the coefficient of friction between the surfaces has to be reduced.
  • the frictional properties between the surfaces may be reduced, i.e. at least one of the counter surfaces is provided to have low-friction properties such that the coefficient of friction between the counter surfaces is 0.2 or less.
  • Figure 4 illustrates as a partial cross section the front view of the exhaust module - support combination (i.e. a hot article - a cold article combination) of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention from the direction the hot exhaust gases enter the inlets of the exhaust ducts.
  • the feet 24 of the exhaust module 14 are resting on a suitable support 26, the support 26 being, preferably, but not necessarily, the turbocharger bracket.
  • the support 26 has protrusions or beds 40 raised above its planar surface 28, for simplifying and reducing the possible machining operation (no need to machine the entire top surface of the support), such that the feet 24 of the exhaust module 14 are arranged to rest on the surfaces 42 of the beds 40.
  • the feet 24 are provided with holes 30 (here shown by their centerlines) for the fastening bolts (shown and discussed in more detail in Figure 6 ) and the beds 40 (and support) with corresponding threaded holes (shown in Fig. 6 ) for the fastening bolts.
  • the support 26 is provided, in addition to the beds 40 and the threaded holes, also with a protrusion or bed 44 for a first positioning means 32, which, in this variation of the present invention, is a pin-like member extending upwardly from the surface of the protrusion or bed 44 and, preferably but not necessarily, arranged, in this cross section, half-way between the threaded holes (the positioning means is discussed in more detail in connection with Figure 5 ).
  • the first positioning means 32 there is a second positioning means 34, i.e. a blind opening having a cross sectional shape matching to that of the first positioning means 32, provided at the bottom of the exhaust module 14, preferably in a protrusion 36 extending to a level of such surfaces 38 of the feet that rest on the bed surfaces 42 of the support 26.
  • the first positioning means is a blind opening in the surface of the support 26, whereby the second positioning means is a pin-like member having a cross sectional shape matching to that of the first positioning means and extending from the protrusion arranged to the bottom of the exhaust module.
  • the first positioning means is a blind opening in the surface of the support 26, whereby the second positioning means is a pin-like member having a cross sectional shape matching to that of the first positioning means and extending (without protrusion) from the bottom of the exhaust module.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a partial section of the support 26 from above showing all four threaded holes 46 for the fastening bolts and the first positioning means 32.
  • the positioning means 32 is positioned to a point where the diagonals of a rectangle drawn via the centers of the threaded holes 46 intersect one another. This is the optimal location for the positioning means, as the positioning means maintain the exhaust module and its support in place irrespective of thermal cycles, and now that the first positioning means 32 is at the center of the threaded holes 46, the effect of the thermal expansion of the exhaust module is equal at each threaded hole 46, whereby each foot of the exhaust module moves the same distance away of or towards the first positioning means 32.
  • This kind of an arrangement is the best in view of the stress subjected to the members of the fastening arrangement, but if there is no need for taking into account such a stress, the positioning means may be located in any suitable location between the exhaust module and its support.
  • An option is to use one of the fastening bolts and a threaded hole in the support in which the fastening bolt in question is threaded into as the first positioning means and the hole in the foot as the second positioning means.
  • the hole functioning as the second positioning means has a diameter smaller than that in the rest of the feet.
  • the hole functions as the second positioning means its diameter, preferably, but not necessarily, matches to that of the fastening bolt functioning as the first positioning means.
  • the bolt may be shorter than the rest of the fastening bolts, as there is no need for the bolt to bend and to allow any lateral movement.
  • the foot surfaces 38 (see Figure 3 ) and/or their counter surfaces 40 on the support 26 at a distance from the positioning means are provided with low-friction properties for allowing the feet to slide on the support. Therefore, there is a need to machine or coat at least all but one of the foot surfaces and/or of their counter surfaces to have proper low-friction properties between the exhaust module and its support. Naturally, it is also possible that the foot surface and/or its counter surface on the support immediately round the positioning means is coated or machined, though there is, in practice, no noticeable sliding between the surfaces.
  • the numeral 40 referring to an area defined by a broken circle may be considered to represent, in case of the first preferred embodiment of Figure 3 , a low-friction surface machined and/or coated to the support surface 28 for allowing the foot to slide easier on the support 28, or in case of the second preferred embodiment of Figure 4 , a protrusion or bed raised from the surface 28 of the support 26 and/or the low-friction surface machined and/or coated on the bed.
  • the numeral 44 referring to yet another broken circle may be considered to represent a protrusion or bed raised from the surface 28 of the support 26 for the first positioning means 32 as shown also in Figure 4 .
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the fastening arrangement used for attaching the exhaust module 14 on the support 26.
  • a fastening bolt 48 is first provided with a lengthy sleeve 50, secondly (after the exhaust module is placed on the support such that the positioning means are matched to one another and the holes 30 of the feet 24 are aligned with the threaded holes 46 of the support 26) the bolt is inserted in the hole 30 in the foot 24 of the exhaust module 14, thirdly the bolt 48 is threaded in the threaded blind hole 46 in the support 26 (either in the bed of the support or in the planar support) and tightened to a predetermined torque to secure the exhaust module on the support firmly, but also such that the foot 24 of the module 14 may slide along the surface 28 or 40 of the support 26.
  • Another option for fastening the exhaust module on the support is a set of headless bolts threaded first in the threaded blind holes 46 in the support 26.
  • the shims 54 may be inserted next, if needed, on the bolts, whereafter the exhaust module is installed with its feet round the headless bolts, then sleeves are inserted on the bolts and finally nuts are threaded on the threaded end of the headless bolts down against the sleeves.
  • the positioning means will, in this case, be matched more or less automatically.
  • bolts of 8.8 Grade are used.
  • the bolts are tightened with a medium force such that the tensile stress on the bolt sections having the smallest diameter equals to about 1 ⁇ 2 of the yield stress.
  • a stress level results in that the exhaust module is secured with reasonable safety against sliding due to longitudinal force and in that there is enough safety margin in view of the bending stress subjected to the bolt by thermal displacement.
  • the sleeves may, for example, be made of standard (S355) steel, as their cross sectional area is larger than that of the bolts and thus they are not subjected to any particular stress.
  • Figure 6 shows, with dashed lines, an insulation cap 56 provided on the bolt for insulating the bolt and the sleeve from the hot environment of exhaust area for preventing material properties decay.
  • Figure 6 also shows that the diameter d of the bolt 48, or, preferably, but not necessarily, of an enlarged section thereof, is smaller than that D of the hole 30 in the foot 24.
  • the bolt 48 is clearly longer than would be needed in traditional bolt fastening.
  • the bolt 48 is provided with a sleeve 50 that extends between the head 52 of the bolt 48 and the foot 24, pressing the foot 24 against the support 26.
  • the sleeve 50 By arranging the sleeve 50 on the bolt 48 the length of the bolt is increased to allow the relative movement between the bolt 48 and the foot 24 to be spread over the length of the bolt 48, as it is the head 52 of the bolt 48 that is moved by means of the sleeve 50 supported on the foot 24 and, thus, tending to move therewith.
  • a relative movement is absorbed by the bolt 48, and possibly by the sleeve 50, by bending slightly.
  • the bolt is provided with an enlarged section the diameter of which corresponds to the inner diameter of the sleeve.
  • the bolt is provided with an enlarged section the diameter of which corresponds to the inner diameter of the sleeve.
  • Figure 6 also illustrates a shim 54 between the foot 24 and the support 26.
  • the shim has at least one low-friction surface whereby the surface facing the low-friction surface of the shim slides easily along the shim surface.
  • the shim may be made of stainless steel or ceramics, the frictional properties of which are good for low-friction purposes.
  • Another option is to arrange two shims one above the other, whereby it is the shim surfaces that slide in relation to one another.
  • the sleeve may be replaced with a vertical hollow extension of the foot having a height corresponding to that of the sleeve.
  • Such an extension may be a unitary part of the exhaust module casting or a sleeve-like element fastened, for example, welded on the foot.
  • the diameter of the extension is somewhat longer than that of the bolt whereby the bolt may bend inside the extension.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de fixation d'un module d'échappement (14) d'un moteur à combustion interne sur un support (26) disposé en connexion avec le moteur à combustion interne, le module d'échappement (14) étant doté d'une pluralité de pieds (24), chaque pied (24) comportant un trou (30) pour un boulon de fixation (48) et une première surface (38) tournée vers le support (26), le support (26) étant doté de trous filetés (46) pour les boulons de fixation (48) et une deuxième surface (28) tournée vers les pieds (24) du module d'échappement (14), le procédé étant caractérisé par les étapes suivantes :
    a) mise à disposition d'un premier moyen de positionnement (32) pour le support (26) et d'un deuxième moyen de positionnement (34) pour le module d'échappement (14) ; le premier moyen de positionnement étant l'un parmi un élément du genre broche (32) et une ouverture borgne, et le deuxième moyen de positionnement étant l'un parmi une ouverture borgne (34) et un élément du genre broche,
    b) mise à disposition d'un moyen à faible friction (54) entre les pieds (24) et le support (26),
    c) montage du module d'échappement (14) sur le support (26) de telle façon que les moyens de positionnement correspondent l'un à l'autre,
    d) serrage des boulons de fixation (48).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par, après l'étape c),
    i. l'insertion de boulons de fixation (48) dans les trous (30) dans les pieds (24), et
    ii. le vissage des boulons de fixation (48) dans les trous filetés (46) dans le support (26).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par, avant l'étape c),
    i. l'insertion des boulons de fixation dans les trous filetés (46) dans le support (26), et
    ii. le vissage des boulons de fixation dans les trous filetés (46), les boulons de fixation étant des boulons sans tête.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé par, avant l'étape i., l'insertion d'un manchon (50) sur chaque boulon de fixation (48).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le positionnement, dans l'étape b), d'une cale (54) en tant que moyen à faible friction, avec au moins une surface à faible entre les pieds (24) du module d'échappement (14) et le support (26).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par l'usinage ou de revêtement de l'une au moins parmi la première surface (38) et la deuxième surface (28), dans l'étape b), pour réduire ses propriétés de friction pour utiliser l'une au moins parmi la première surface (38) et la deuxième surface (28) comme le moyen à faible friction.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par la disposition du moyen de positionnement (32) au centre des trous filetés (46).
  8. Ensemble comprenant un module d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne et un support disposé en connexion avec le moteur à combustion interne, le module d'échappement (14) comportant des pieds (24) adaptés pour reposer sur le support (26), chaque pied (24) comportant un trou (30) pour un boulon de fixation (48) et une surface de pied (38) tournée vers le support (26) pendant l'utilisation ; le support (26) comportant des trous filetés (46) pour les boulons de fixation (48) et des surfaces de support (28) tournées vers les surface de pied (38) pendant l'utilisation ; une surface à faible friction étant disposée entre le support (26) et les pieds (24) du module d'échappement (14), caractérisé en ce que le support (26) est doté d'un premier moyen de positionnement (32) et le module d'échappement (14) est doté d'un deuxième moyen de positionnement (34) ; le premier et le deuxième moyen de positionnement (32, 34) correspondant l'un à l'autre lorsque le module d'échappement (14) est installé sur le support (26) ; le premier moyen de positionnement étant l'un parmi un élément du genre broche (32) et une ouverture borgne, et le deuxième moyen de positionnement étant l'un parmi une ouverture borgne (34) et un élément du genre broche.
  9. Ensemble selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la surface à faible friction est une surface de pied (38) usinée ou revêtue et/ou une surface de support (28) usinée ou revêtue.
  10. Ensemble selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par des cales (54) disposées entre le support (26) et au moins tous les pieds (24) sauf un du module d'échappement (14), les cales (54) étant dotées de la surface à faible friction.
  11. Ensemble selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les boulons de fixation (48) présentent un diamètre inférieur à celui des trous (30) dans les pieds (24), un espacement demeurant entre le boulon de fixation (48) et le trou (30), l'espacement absorbant l'expansion thermique du module d'échappement (14).
  12. Ensemble selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 8 à 11, caractérisé en ce que les boulons de fixation (48) sont dotés d'un manchon (50) adapté pour être positionné sur le pied (24) lors de l'installation du boulon de fixation (48) dans le trou (30) dans le pied (24).
  13. Ensemble selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 8 à 11, caractérisé en ce que les boulons de fixation (48) sont dotés d'un manchon (50) adapté pour être positionné sur le pied (24) après l'installation du module d'échappement (14) sur le support (26).
  14. Ensemble selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 8 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le premier moyen de positionnement (32) se trouve au centre des trous filetés (46).
  15. Moteur à combustion interne (2) comprenant une pluralité de cylindres (4) disposés dans un premier banc (6) et un deuxième banc (8), un premier collecteur d'échappement (10) destiné à recevoir des gaz d'échappement venant des cylindres (4) du premier banc (6), un deuxième collecteur d'échappement (12) destiné à recevoir des gaz d'échappement venant des cylindres du deuxième banc (8), un premier turbocompresseur (16) fonctionnant sur les gaz d'échappement venant des cylindres (4) du premier banc (6) du moteur (2), et un deuxième turbocompresseur (18) fonctionnant sur les gaz d'échappement venant des cylindres du deuxième banc (8) du moteur (2), caractérisé en ce que le moteur (2) comprend l'ensemble selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 14.
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JP3449574B2 (ja) * 1995-03-06 2003-09-22 日産ディーゼル工業株式会社 自動車用エンジンの排気マニホールドの取付カラー
DE19920822B4 (de) * 1999-05-06 2008-03-27 Daimler Ag Anordnung zur Befestigung eines Abgaskrümmers am Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine
US6789386B1 (en) * 1999-08-05 2004-09-14 Hans A. Haerle Exhaust gas manifold
DE10306790A1 (de) * 2003-02-18 2004-09-02 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Befestigungssystem und Verfahren zum Festlegen eines Auspuffkrümmers an einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, und Verbrennungskraftmaschinenanordnung
DE102006033357B4 (de) * 2006-07-19 2009-04-09 Elringklinger Ag Einrichtung zur Bildung einer abgedichteten Verschraubung für den Anschluß einer Rohrleitung an einen Ausgang für ein die Einrichtung thermisch belastendes Strömungsmedium
CN201433826Y (zh) * 2009-06-10 2010-03-31 北京中清能发动机技术有限公司 二冲程曲柄圆滑块机构内燃机的活塞及其内燃机
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FI124226B (fi) * 2011-08-30 2014-05-15 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Pakokaasumoduuli ja polttomoottori
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CN109642486A (zh) 2019-04-16
CN109642486B (zh) 2021-05-14
KR20190039720A (ko) 2019-04-15
KR102134108B1 (ko) 2020-07-15
EP3516185A1 (fr) 2019-07-31

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