EP3553437A1 - Device and method for drying, crushing and separating material to be dried - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a device for drying and comminuting drying material, preferably organic and / or inorganic substances or / and their mixtures, the device comprising: a process space (24) and a comminution device (21) arranged in the process space (24) ), which is set up to comminute drying material introduced into the process space (24) using kinetic energy; and a field application device for an electric or electromagnetic field, which is set up to generate an electric or electromagnetic field at least locally within the process space (24) with an electric field strength that is suitable for detecting a deviation of a teardrop shape from a spherical shape in the To induce fluid droplets to be dried, the deviation of a drop shape from a spherical shape being suitable for triggering fragmentation of the fluid drop in order to separate one or more liquids in the form of aerosol. The invention also provides a corresponding method for drying and comminuting drying material.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for drying organic and inorganic substances.

Water separation is often the last step in producing a large number of products.

This is usually the most energy intensive stage that significantly determines the manufacturing cost of the final product.

In order to increase the efficiency of technological processes, the liquid is often sprayed as finely as possible in mechanical, thermal and combined methods of comminution of the liquid droplets or particles.

In each of these methods, respective energy forms are transferred to the surface energy of the liquid droplets / particles.

It is known that when spraying a conductive liquid, the aerosol is always electrified unipolar for a short time, which is referred to as Balloelektrizität and also as a Lenard effect.

With spontaneous short-term charging, the resulting charges of individual droplets are relatively small, which is why a complete unipolar charging of the entire aerosol volume is not possible.

By electrostatic induction allows the inventive device already during the spraying process, the stable unipolar charge of dispersed aerosol phase, so the smallest liquid drop, over the entire volume.

In the method according to the invention, this property arises directly during the mechanical knocking out of liquid droplets from the wet material.

The invention first relates to a process for removing one or more liquids (drying) from various organic and inorganic substances during the comminution of the respective particles by converting most of one or more liquids into aerosol, vapor or mist (further named as aerosol ).

In this case, the energy consumption compared to conventional methods, especially compared to the conventional thermal evaporation of the same liquids, significantly reduced.

• die mechanische Entfernung durch Zentrifugieren, Fällung, Abpressen oder/und
• Formen der thermischen Flüssigkeitsverdampfung aus diesem Stoff zugrunde.

According to the prior art are all hitherto customary technical processes or processes for the removal of liquids from pre-shredded substances

• the mechanical removal by centrifugation, precipitation, pressing or / and
• Forms of thermal liquid evaporation from this substance.

The invention aims to show a new method of removing liquids from the materials described in the cited specialist sources and at the same time to offer a technical device for carrying out the method.

These are fabrics that are specifically dried in the manner described after some of the liquid has already been partially removed in the conventional manner described above.

The literature describes a number of different traditional drying systems which primarily contain various ways of supplying energy to the material from which the liquid is to be evaporated.

The large number of methods to be used is based on the types of substances and liquids, particle sizes and the thermodynamic assessments of material behavior during the process.

• Infrarottrockner, wo die Energie in Form von Infrarotstrahlung hinzugefügt wird;
• verschiedene Arten von Tunnelöfen;
• Trockner, wo das Material in einem vertikalen Zylinder durch rotierende Gebläse und den Gegenstrom aus heißer Luft oder aus einem anderen erhitzten Gas getrocknet wird.
• Rotationstrocknung, wo die Energie mittels Flamme in den Trockner eingeblasen wird oder Heißblasverfahren, bei dem die Energie mittels verschiedener wärmeleitender Elemente (Rohre, Platten, etc.), in die sogenannten Öl- oder Dampftrockner eingebracht wird;
• Wirbelschichttrockner, die üblicherweise aus einem vertikalen Zylinder mit einem Gitter oder mit einer Lochplatte am Boden bestehen, durch die das erhitzte Gas eingeblasen wird, um das Material zu erhitzen und die Flüssigkeiten zu verdampfen;

The prior art describes, inter alia, the following methods, processes and installations:

• Infrared dryer, where the energy is added in the form of infrared radiation;
• different types of tunnel kilns;
• Dryers, where the material is dried in a vertical cylinder by rotating blowers and the counterflow of hot air or another heated gas.
• Rotary drying, where the energy is blown into the dryer by means of flame or hot-blowing process, in which the energy is introduced by means of various heat-conducting elements (pipes, plates, etc.) in the so-called oil or steam dryer;
• Fluidized-bed dryers, which usually consist of a vertical cylinder with a grid or with a perforated plate at the bottom, through which the heated gas is injected to heat the material and to evaporate the liquids;

The prior art methods are described in a number of manuals, e.g. Perry's Chemical Engineering Handbook, described in detail.

From the prior art is a device according to the patent "A kinetic energy drying device and drying method for sludge", (Patent Number: US 20,150,308,742 A1 , Date of patent: Oct. 29, 2015).

It consists of a housing, a rotating shaft, on which the knives and a perforated heated baffle plate are attached.

The disadvantages of this technical solution are: increased energy consumption due to the use of heating elements and the lack of the ability to separate denser and / or heavier particles according to their specific gravity during processing.

The inventive solution proposed here comes the device according to the patent "Device and method for comminution" (patent number: US 6,024,307 , Date of patent: Feb. 15, 2000), where the pre-shredded substances are returned to the grinding chamber by means of a bow deflector and the fine particles are carried away by the air flow.

The disadvantages of this technical solution consist in a lower drying performance and in the absence of the possibility of separating the substances obtained in the result according to their specific gravity.

However, the fundamental problem of the named, traditional methods is that the enormous energy consumption during the evaporation of liquids means that the end product generally has to be priced very high, so that the costs of drying can be amortized.

So there are a number of different solid-liquid mixtures for which the drying is so far completely uneconomical. But even for these mixtures drying would be useful for reasons of environmental protection alone.

• bewässerte und herkömmliche Torfe und Kohlen, einschließlich Braunkohle, im Prozess ihrer Vorbereitung zur Verbrennung einschließlich der Staubverbrennung,
• alle Flüssigkeit enthaltenden Filtrate aus Zentrifugen,
• verschiedene industrielle, biologische und chemische Abfälle und Schlämme, die bei der Ölraffination, Holzverarbeitung, in der Papier-, Lebensmittel- und Lederindustrie entstehen,
• erz- und nicht erzhaltige Mineralien, einschließlich solche Gemische mit hohem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt,
• Schlamm aus kommunalen oder industriellen Abwassersystemen und Kläranlagen,
• Abfälle aus Biogasanlagen,
• Gülle und Mist von Nutztieren und Vögeln.

Such substance-liquid mixtures are, for example:

• irrigated and conventional peats and coals, including lignite, in the process of their preparation for incineration, including the combustion of dust,
• all liquid-containing filtrates from centrifuges,
• various industrial, biological and chemical wastes and sludges arising from oil refining, wood processing, paper, food and leather industries,
• ore and non-mineral minerals, including high moisture content mixtures,
• Sludge from municipal or industrial sewage systems and sewage treatment plants,
• Waste from biogas plants,
• Manure and manure of livestock and birds.

Most of these substances are characterized as being waste and therefore often economically unsuitable for traditional, expensive drying processes by evaporation.

Accordingly, the subject of the present invention is a process for drying, grinding and separating such and similar substances by means of drying processes which are far less energy intensive than conventional processes and in which the liquid is not evaporated but removed by conversion to aerosol.

1. (1) Der theoretische Energiebedarf bei Flüssigkeitsverdampfung wird durch folgende Gleichung beschreiben: $$\mathrm{Q}=\mathrm{m}•\mathrm{C}•\mathrm{\Delta t}\left[\mathrm{J}\right],$$
   
   wobei
   • Q - durch Flüssigkeit aufgenommene Wärme, J;
   • m - Masse der Flüssigkeit, kg;
   • C - spezifische Wärme der Flüssigkeit, J/cal°;
   • Δt - Differenz zwischen der Verdampfungstemperatur und der Anfangstemperatur der Flüssigkeit.
   Bei der Flüssigkeitsverdampfung wird die Gleichung wie folgt dargestellt: $$\mathrm{Q}=\mathrm{m}•\mathrm{\Delta t}=\mathrm{m}\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="h"\; filenames="imgf0001.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{2}}-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="h"\; filenames="imgf0001.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1}}\right)+\mathrm{k}\left[\mathrm{J}\right],$$
   
   wobei:
   • h₂ - Dampfenthalpie bei der Verdampfungstemperatur;
   • h₁ - Wasserenthalpie bei der Vorlauftemperatur, d.h. die Temperatur des Wassers bei der das Wasser und die Feststoffe in den Prozess eingeleitet werden,
   • k - Prozessverluste.
2. (2) Der theoretische Energieverbrauch (bei einem Effizienzgrad von 100%) für die Verdampfung von 1 Liter Wasser mit Temperatur 100°C beträgt 2300 kJ = 0,639 kWh.
   Der gesamte Energieverbrauch für thermische Trocknung und Verdampfung ergibt sich aus der Addition beider Verbräuche.
   Der praktische Prozessverlustkoeffizient bei der Verdampfung von Wasser in Industrieanlagen, unter Berücksichtigung der unvermeidlichen Verluste, beträgt meist 1,5; sodass für die Verdampfung von 1 Liter Wasser mit einer Bezugstemperatur von 20 °C - demnach 1,1 kWh/l Elektrizität benötigt werden.

For example, the theoretical energy consumption (with efficiency coefficient 100%) for heating 1 liter of water from 20 ° C to 100 ° C is actually 335 kJ = 0.093 kWh.

1. (1) The theoretical energy requirement for liquid evaporation is described by the following equation: $$\mathrm{Q}=\mathrm{m}•\mathrm{C}•\mathrm{.delta.t}\left[\mathrm{J}\right].$$
   
   in which
   • Q - heat absorbed by liquid, J;
   • m - mass of liquid, kg;
   • C - specific heat of the liquid, J / cal °;
   • Δt - difference between the evaporation temperature and the initial temperature of the liquid.
   For liquid evaporation, the equation is shown as follows: $$\mathrm{Q}=\mathrm{m}•\mathrm{.delta.t}=\mathrm{m}\left({\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{2}}-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="H"\; filenames="imgf0001.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">H</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1}}\right)+\mathrm{k}\left[\mathrm{J}\right].$$
   
   in which:
   • h ₂ - vapor enthalpy at the evaporation temperature;
   • h ₁ - water enthalpy at the flow temperature, ie the temperature of the water at which the water and solids are introduced into the process,
   • k - process losses.
2. (2) The theoretical energy consumption (at 100% efficiency) for the evaporation of 1 liter of water at 100 ° C is 2300 kJ = 0,639 kWh.
   The total energy consumption for thermal drying and evaporation results from the addition of both consumptions.
   The practical process loss coefficient in the evaporation of water in industrial plants, taking into account the inevitable losses, is usually 1.5; so that for the evaporation of 1 liter of water with a reference temperature of 20 ° C - therefore 1.1 kWh / l of electricity are needed.

wobei gilt:

• x_s - Gewichtsverhältnis von Feststoffen;
• c_s - spezifische Wärme von Feststoffen;
• x_v - Gewichtsverhältnis von Wasser.

In the evaporation of water, for example, from sludges with solids dissolved in water, the equation is shown as: $$\mathrm{Q}=\mathrm{m}•{\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{s}}•{\mathrm{c}}_{\mathrm{s}}•\mathrm{.delta.t}+\mathrm{m}•{\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{v}}\left({\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{2}}-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="H"\; filenames="imgf0001.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">H</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1}}\right)+\mathrm{k}=\mathrm{m}\left[{\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{s}}•{\mathrm{c}}_{\mathrm{s}}•\mathrm{.delta.t}+{\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{v}}\left({\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{2}}-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="H"\; filenames="imgf0001.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">H</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1}}\right)\right]+\mathrm{k}\left[\mathrm{J}\right].$$

where:

• x _s - weight ratio of solids;
• c _s - specific heat of solids;
• x _v - weight ratio of water.

If there are several different solids in the material, the equation is applied to each solid component with its appropriate weight ratio and specific heat.

As an example, one can take calculations regarding the municipal sludge, which was dewatered in the standard method by centrifuging in a decanter or / and by pressing on a belt press partially.

The municipal sludge has e.g. a temperature of 20 ° C and usually contains up to 25% dry matter and 75% water.

• Δt = 100-20 = 80°C,
• cs = 1500 J / kg °C = 1,5 kJ / kg °C,
• h₂ = 2676000 J / kg °C = 2676 kJ / kg °C und
• h₁ = 83900 J / kg °C = 83,9 kJ / kg °C,

wird der theoretische Energieverbrauch pro kg Kommunalschlamm Q= [0,25•1,5•80 + 0,75(2635-83,9)]1,5 = 2915 kJ/kg = 0,81 kWh/kg Nettogewicht sein.Provided that with thermal drying:

• Δt = 100-20 = 80 ° C,
• cs = 1500 J / kg ° C = 1.5 kJ / kg ° C,
• h ₂ = 2676000 J / kg ° C = 2676 kJ / kg ° C and
• h ₁ = 83900 J / kg ° C = 83.9 kJ / kg ° C,

will be the theoretical energy consumption per kg of municipal sludge Q = [0.25 • 1.5 • 80 + 0.75 (2635-83.9)] 1.5 = 2915 kJ / kg = 0.81 kWh / kg net weight.

In addition, there are process losses that can be in the order of several tens of percent or several hundred percent.

The actual energy consumption can exceed the calculated value by three times or more.

When considering the need for energy to convert water into aerosol particles, the resulting drop size, which ranges between 0.01 μm and 10 μm, is crucial.

With an average size of (0.01 + 10) / 2 = 5 μm, one liter of water can form a drop amount describing the equation N = V / dV, where V is the volume of one liter of water = 100,000 ³ μm ³ and dV the volume of each drop = d ³ π / 6.

Where: N = 100,000 ³ • 6/5 ³ μm = 1.53 • 10 ¹³ .

The energy required for droplet formation can be assumed to be equal to the energy of the surface tension of the entire surface between water and air.

The surface tension of pure water is: $$\mathrm{qv}=\mathrm{71}.\mathrm{4}\mathrm{dyn}/\mathrm{cm}=\mathrm{7140}\mathrm{dyn}/\mathrm{m}=\mathrm{7140}\mathrm{dyn}\cdot \mathrm{m}/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="imgf0001.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^{\mathrm{2}}=\mathrm{7140}\cdot {\mathrm{10}}^{-\mathrm{5}}\mathrm{nm}/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="imgf0001.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^{\mathrm{2}}=\mathrm{7145}\cdot {\mathrm{10}}^{-\mathrm{5}}\mathrm{J}/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="imgf0001.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{,}$$

The total surface of the drops is: $${\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{total}}=\mathrm{N}•{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="d"\; filenames="imgf0001.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}^{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{\pi }=\mathrm{1}.\mathrm{53}•{\mathrm{10}}^{\mathrm{13}}•{\left(\mathrm{5}•{\mathrm{10}}^{-\mathrm{6}}\right)}^{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{\pi }=\mathrm{1200}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="imgf0001.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{,}$$

The total energy is: $${\mathrm{Q}}_{\mathrm{total}}={\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{total}}•\mathrm{qv}=\mathrm{1200}•\mathrm{7145}•{\mathrm{10}}^{-\mathrm{5}}=\mathrm{85}.\mathrm{74}\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{kg}\mathrm{,}$$

This is about 34,000 times less than the energy consumption of a simple water evaporation.

The abovementioned drying substances are almost always a heterogeneous mass, which may consist of a number of different substances as well as of one or more different types of liquids, although usually this mass consists predominantly of water.

It is well-known that the liquids in such mixtures can consist of both freely mobile liquid and of the liquid bound by physical compounds in substances, these compounds being expressed mainly by the capillary forces.

To overcome these forces in an ordinary drying process, the vapor pressure must overcome the capillary pressure, which increases proportionally to the reduction in the porous structure.

In a conventional drying process, this is achieved by drying the fabrics at a certain temperature that allows the capillary pressure to be overcome by the vapor pressure.

In this case, such temperatures are usually required, which exceed the required temperature for evaporation significantly.

Another aspect that affects the purely thermal drying is that the thermodynamic values of the substances deteriorate during the process.

This should in turn be compensated by the higher temperatures and by a larger heating surface, which leads to thermal degradation and, if appropriate, to a corresponding deterioration of the material properties as well as to higher plant and operating costs.

In order to be able to achieve the technical result of the invention: drying, grinding and deposition in a closed process, according to the invention initially a kinetic and electromagnetic influence of the z.T. porous input material through an intensive vortex formation, which is quickly achieved locally to the required extent.

This immediately creates a large voltage gradient of the kinetic potentials of the particles involved, which reach significant cycling stresses up to hundreds of g.

The peculiarity of the present invention is to enable drying, milling, and weight-dependent separation and classification simultaneously in a single device.

This object is achieved in that the device according to the invention, consisting inter alia of a housing 3, 19 and a rotating shaft 14 with a disk attached thereto from para or diamagnetic material 11 and kinetic energy for dispersion of the material in an electric or electromagnetic field with a controllable intensity in the range of 10 ³ V / m to 10 ⁶ V / m, with simultaneous induction heating of the dispersion medium and the dispersion phase in an alternating magnetic field with a frequency of 500 to 12000 Hz used with simultaneous removal of particles of higher specific gravity.

Induction heating by eddy currents is ensured by the use of alternating polarity permanent magnets 16 which are fixed to the lower housing part 19 under the rotating disc of diamagnetic material and may have different geometrical shapes, for example a prism.

The technical result provided by the above set of features is the possibility of controlled conductive and convective heating of the dispersed medium and the dispersion phase, with simultaneous segregation and separation.

The wet input material with individual elements in a size up to 100 mm is conveyed by means of a feed device and lock closure 25 in the grinding chamber 24, where it is ground by the kinetic energy impact of the rotating and immovable grinding components 7, 9, 20, 21 and through the convective and conductive electrostatic drying is drained.

A unipolar induction charge of the aerosol is effected by an electric or electromagnetic alternating field.

A unipolar charged aerosol with an adjustable level of electrostatic charge is generated by inductive electrification.

With a strong unipolar electrical charge level of the aerosol, a drastic decrease in average droplet size is observed, resulting in an increase in the overall evaporation surface area.

For a water-aerosol phase transition, therefore, the required amount of energy is 300 to 400 kJ / liter.

The technical result consists in the enlargement of the entire evaporation surface and the corresponding separation and separation of liquid or liquid mixture, which is then carried out in a device according to the invention for the combined drying, milling and deposition of organic and / or inorganic substances and mixtures thereof, the said Processes as a result of grinding while simultaneously separating one or more liquids from solids in the form of aerosol come about.

• Figur 1. in zeichnerischer Abfolge die Zerkleinerung eines Tropfens in einem Strom beim Elektrisieren verdeutlicht, die sich das erfinderische Verfahren zu eigen macht;
• Figur 2. das Grundprinzip der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung offenbart; und
• Figur 3. eine Hohlplatte zeigt.

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures, wherein

• FIG. 1 , illustrates in an orderly sequence the comminution of a drop in a stream during electrification, which makes the inventive method its own;
• FIG. 2 , discloses the basic principle of the device according to the invention; and
• FIG. 3 , a hollow plate shows.

FIG. 1 , illustrates in a graphic sequence, the comminution of a drop in a stream during electrification, which makes the inventive method to own.

The process of water-aerosol phase transition occurs within about 10 milliseconds.

• Nach 1 ms. der anfängliche Tropfen hat eine sphärische Form.
• Nach 2 ms. unter dem Einfluss eines elektromagnetischen Feldes nimmt die Oberflächenspannungskraft stark ab, der Tropfen beginnt sich zu verformen und nimmt eine halbkugelförmige Gestalt an.
• Nach 3 ms. ein Ring mit einem Film in der Mitte wird gebildet.
• Nach 4 ms. der Film wird zu einer Blase verformt.
• Nach 5 ms. die Blase platzt nahe der Spitze.
• Nach 6 und 7 ms. gerissene Kanten des Films unter dem Einfluss von Restoberflächenspannungskräften werden an den Ring angezogen.
• Nach 8 und 9 ms. die Kanten des Films treffen den Ring.
• Nach 10 ms. der Ring zerfällt in eine Reihe von extrem kleinen Tröpfchen.

The fragmentation of a drop of water in an electromagnetic field is due to the fact that the deviation of the drop shape from the spherical shape causes its unstable state and the decrease in the surface tension force, which contributes to an increase in the deformation and brings the drop to disintegration.

• After 1 ms. the initial drop has a spherical shape.
• After 2 ms. Under the influence of an electromagnetic field, the surface tension force decreases sharply, the droplet begins to deform and assumes a hemispherical shape.
• After 3 ms. a ring with a film in the middle is formed.
• After 4 ms. the film is deformed into a bubble.
• After 5 ms. the bubble is bursting near the top.
• After 6 and 7 ms. Cracked edges of the film under the influence of residual surface tension forces are attracted to the ring.
• After 8 and 9 ms. the edges of the film hit the ring.
• After 10 ms. The ring breaks up into a series of extremely small droplets.

FIG. 2 , discloses the basic principle of the device according to the invention.

The material input takes place through the connection piece for material feed 26 and further through the lock closure 25 into the drying and grinding chamber 24.

The material is then ground by means of hammer plates 21 and the particles of the heterogeneous mixture are unipolarly charged by the rotor 23.

During grinding, the material is repeatedly beaten against the hollow plate 8 by the hammer plates 21, thereafter flowing through the stationary on the hollow plate 8 fixed baffle 20 therethrough, and bounces behind the baffle against the attached to the rotating disk 11 felling pins 9 again.

By the speed of the disc 11 and by the number of air blast plates 10 and their inclination angle, the generated by eddy currents Induction heating and with her according to the required temperature and the incoming air through the opening 17 air quantities are controlled.

The incoming air blows on the heated disc 11, heats up and promotes via the air channel 18 the crushed by the hammer plates 21 material.

The crushed material is thrown by the controllable air flow first against the hollow cone 8 and then over the Bogenabweiser 22 and returned to the grinding chamber.

The crushed material is partially separated by means of air flow and the lighter particles are passed through it by the tangential fan 2, and heavy particles are carried out through the discharge port 5 to the outside.

The tangential fan 2 rotates in the same direction as the rotor 23 and generates a controllable air pressure.

The hollow plate 8 is fixed opposite the baffle plate 7 on the lower housing part 19 and has openings for heat carrier supply.

The adjusting screws 4 make it possible to regulate the volume of the process chamber 24 for drying and grinding, by raising and lowering the upper housing part 3.

A method for the combined removal of one or more liquids (drying), grinding and deposition of organic and inorganic substances is based in particular on the use of kinetic energy for grinding substances with simultaneous conductive and convective heating of the resulting dispersion medium and the subsequent deposition of dehydrated products, which are then processed according to specific gravity.

In this case, such further processing does not take place by supplying heat from an external source, but by means of kinetic and electromagnetic energy, which at the same time causes the drying, milling and deposition of various organic and inorganic substances, including waste.

This is done by transforming one or more liquids into aerosol.

This method allows as a specific simultaneous separation and drying of substances with a greatly reduced energy consumption, compared with the previously known conventional methods for crushing, squeezing or / and evaporation of liquids and subsequent deposition of these substances in different physical states.

An apparatus for combined drying, grinding and deposition of fabrics comprising a housing and a rotating shaft with a rotating disk mounted thereon and made of a para or diamagnetic material. As a result of the kinetic and electromagnetic energy, various organic and inorganic substances are dispersed in an electromagnetic field in this device, the dispersion being simultaneously inductively heated by the eddy currents in an alternating magnetic field.

As a result, one or more depositing liquids are transformed into aerosol, wherein in each case denser and / or heavier particles are separated and removed therefrom according to their specific weight.

The inventive method is based in particular on the use of kinetic energy for grinding materials with simultaneous conductive and convective heating of the resulting dispersion medium and the subsequent deposition of dehydrated products.

In this case, further processing is not carried out in particular by supplying heat from an external source, but by means of kinetic and electromagnetic energy, which at the same time effects the drying, milling and deposition of various organic and inorganic substances.

In terms of process technology, one or more liquids in the medium to be dried are converted into aerosol.

Compared with known methods for crushing, pressing or / and vaporizing liquids and then depositing these substances in different states of aggregation, the inventive method allows a simultaneous separation and drying with greatly reduced energy consumption.

The inventive apparatus for combined drying, milling and deposition is one embodiment of an apparatus with which the aforementioned method can be carried out.

It may consist of a housing and a rotating shaft with attached, rotating disc, which is made of a para or diamagnetic material, exist, but the provision of other parts is also possible alternatively.

By kinetic and electromagnetic energy in the device various organic and inorganic substances in one Electromagnetic field dispersed, wherein the dispersion is simultaneously inductively heated by the eddy currents in an alternating magnetic field.

As a result, separating liquids are transformed into aerosol, wherein each denser and / or heavier particles are separated and removed according to their specific gravity.

The device consists of immovable and moving parts.
The immovable part consists, among other things, of a housing with elements 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 16, 17, 19, 22, 26, 27, 28 fastened thereto.
The movable part consists inter alia of a shaft with all the elements 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 23 fastened thereon.
The movable part is isolated from the immovable part by the dielectric disk 13.
The charge is supplied via the contact plug 15 on the entire rotating part.
The charge eventually flows into the body.
Distance for the passage of a charge is anywhere from 2 to 4 mm.

The electromagnetic field strength is regulated by applying a voltage of the order of 1 to 50 kV and based on electromagnetic properties of processed media, automatically or in manual mode.

The inventor has found that the described effects can occur and the desired field strengths can be adjusted when between the moving parts which rotate during the operation of the device and to which a high voltage in the range of 1 to 50 kV is applied, and the housing of the device, which may be grounded, a minimum distance in the range of 1 to 50 mm is present, preferably a minimum distance of 2-4 mm is present.

For the processing of moist brown coal as a drying material in the device for drying and crushing of drying material, the inventor has given the above-described minimum distance of 2 - 4 mm an optimal operating point of the voltage, which as described above is applied to rotating parts of the device, in a range of about 24 kV to about 26 kV found.

For the processing of wet sewage sludge as a drying material in the device for drying and crushing of drying material, the inventor has given the above minimum distance of 2-4 mm an optimal operating point of the voltage, which as described above is applied to rotating parts of the device, in a range of about 11 kV to about 15 kV found.

These examples for the determination of the operating point of the stress at given Trocknungsgut and given a minimum distance should not limit the scope of the invention but show how the invention can be carried out.

If in the application of an electromagnetic field is spoken, but only the electric field strength is given, the further characterization of the electromagnetic field with known electric field results from the Maxwell equations, wherein the specified electric field strength can specify a maximum electric field strength of the electric field ,

A field application device may comprise at least one, a plurality or all of the shaft-mounted elements 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 23 (see list of reference numerals and figures) and optionally additionally or alternatively the shaft 14 ,

A fluid drop which is present in the material to be dried can be a fluid comprising a suspension of liquids and solids. In sewage sludge, a fluid droplet may include, for example, suspended non-soluble or undissolved particles in wastewater, for example, typical suspended matter present in wastewater (eg feces, leftovers, paper and similar materials).

Likewise, a fluid drop which is present in the material to be dried may comprise a suspension of solid particles of the material to be dried (or of parts of the material to be dried which are already of a suitable size to form a suspension in a liquid) in a liquid portion of the material to be dried by the comminuting device 21 ,

However, a fluid drop which is present in the material to be dried may also comprise only liquid portions of the material to be dried.

A portion of the item to be dried may comprise (or be) a fluid drop, a particle or the like, but the portion of the item to be dried may also be a volume portion in which the item to be dried is located, preferably the volume portion having a mean velocity therein entrained dried goods. A volume portion as a portion of the material to be dried is preferably set in motion by causing the material to be dried therein to be set in motion.

• eine hohe Dispersion,
• eine Intensivierung der Trocknung,
• Änderungen der physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften,
• innere - und Oberflächenenergie von Materialien.

A method according to the invention for the combined drying and / or grinding and / or separation of organic and / or inorganic materials and their mixtures may be distinguished by one, several or all of the following features, parameters and properties:

• a high dispersion,
• an intensification of the drying,
• Changes in physical and chemical properties,
• internal and surface energy of materials.

Thus, a separation of the organic and / or inorganic materials and their mixtures according to mechanical, electrophysical and magnetic properties can be obtained.

The treatment of the materials may be carried out according to this method with the combined and preferably simultaneous action of kinetic energy and thermal energy and may be carried out in the electric or magnetic or electromagnetic field under the kinetic energy conversion of the rotor.

Advantageously, a conversion of the energy of electrical and magnetic fields into thermal energy for contacting and convective heating of the material to be processed, preferably with the use and effect of static fields of permanent magnets with a magnetic flux density of up to 1.4 T. Depending on the process High frequency currents can occur in the range of 1 KA to 100 KA and alternating magnetic fields with a frequency of 500 to 12000 Hz, preferably with a frequency of 500 to 2000 Hz, can be used. For this purpose, magnetic flux densities in the range of 1 to 10 T are proposed.

1. 1. Ein kombiniertes Verfahren zum Trocknen, Mahlen und Abscheiden von organischen und/oder anorganischen Stoffen und deren Gemische unter gleichzeitiger Anwendung von kinetischer und elektromagnetischer Energie, die diese Stoffe in der regulierbaren elektrischen oder elektromagnetischen Feldstärke von ca. 10³ V/m bis 10⁶ V/m dispergiert und eine oder mehrere Flüssigkeiten in der Form von Aerosol abtrennt.
2. 2. Verfahren nach Gegenstand 1, das eine gleichzeitige Induktionserwärmung des Dispersionsmediums durch die Wirbelströme in einem magnetischen Wechselfeld der Frequenz 500 bis 12.000 Hz bewirkt.
3. 3. Verfahren nach Gegenstand 1 oder 2, das eine gleichzeitige Entfernung von Partikeln mit höherem spezifischem Gewicht ermöglicht.
4. 4. Verfahren nach einem der Gegenstände 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Energie des Wärmeträgers, darunter in Form von erhitzter Luft oder Gas, zur Erhöhung der Betriebstemperatur im Verfahrensabschnitt Trocknen, Mahlen, Abscheiden verwendet wird, wodurch der Wirkungsgrad des Prozesses der Verarbeitung von Stoffen, einschließlich der thermisch nicht zersetzbaren Stoffe, steigt.
5. 5. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Gegenstand 1, bestehend aus (oder lediglich diese Elemente umfassend) einem Gehäuse mit einem unteren Gehäuseteil 19 und einem oberen Gehäuseteil 3, die einen Verfahrensraum 24 zur Durchführung des Verfahrens mit einem Einlass für Materialaufgabe 26, mit einer rotierenden Welle 14 und einer darauf befestigten Scheibe 11 aus para- oder diamagnetischem Material aufweist.
6. 6. Vorrichtung nach Gegenstand 5, wobei die Scheibe 11 aus Para- oder Diamagnetikum durch eine dielektrische Scheibe 13 von der rotierenden Welle 14 isoliert ist, wobei die rotierende Welle 14 an ein regulierbares elektrisches oder elektromagnetisches Feld mit einer Potentialdifferenz von 1 bis 50 kV mittels eines Kontaktsteckers 15 angeschlossen ist.
7. 7. Vorrichtung nach Gegenstand 5 oder 6, wobei am Gehäuse 19 unterhalb der rotierenden Scheibe 11 als Para- oder Diamagnetikum, Permanentmagnete 16 unterschiedlicher geometrische Form und wechselnder Polarität vorgesehen sind.
8. 8. Vorrichtung nach Gegenstand 7, wobei die Permanentmagnete 16 unterschiedliche geometrische Formen, beispielsweise ein Prisma, aufweisen können und ihre räumliche Lage, insbesondere in Bezug auf den Abstand zur rotierenden Scheibe 11 aus Para- oder Diamagnetikum, einstellbar ist.
9. 9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Gegenstände 5 bis 8, wobei auf der Unterseite der rotierenden Scheibe 11 aus para- oder diamagnetischem Material Luftblasplatten 10 befestigt sind.
10. 10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Gegenstände 5 bis 9, wobei am Bogenabweiser 22 eine Austragsöffnung 6 für schwerere Partikel vorgesehen ist.
11. 11. Vorrichtung nach Gegenstand 10, wobei die Abtrennung von schweren homogenen Partikeln in Form eines Konzentrats diskret vom Bogenabweiser mittels eines Mechanismus 5 durch die Austragsöffnung 6 erfolgt.
12. 12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Gegenstände 5 bis 11, wobei dem Hohlkegel 8 ein Wärmeträger in Form von erhitztem Luft oder Gas zugeführt wird.

Important aspects of the invention may relate to the following items, which are hereby disclosed:

1. 1. A combined process for drying, grinding and separating organic and / or inorganic substances and their mixtures with simultaneous application of kinetic and electromagnetic energy, these substances in the adjustable electric or electromagnetic field strength of about 10 ³ V / m to 10 ⁶ V / m and separates one or more liquids in the form of aerosol.
2. 2. Method according to item 1, which causes a simultaneous induction heating of the dispersion medium by the eddy currents in an alternating magnetic field of frequency 500 to 12,000 Hz.
3. 3. Method according to item 1 or 2, which allows simultaneous removal of particles of higher specific gravity.
4. 4. The method according to any one of items 1 to 3, characterized in that the energy of the heat carrier, including in the form of heated air or gas, is used to increase the operating temperature in the process section drying, grinding, deposition, whereby the efficiency of the process of processing of substances, including non-thermally decomposable substances.
5. 5. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to item 1, consisting of (or merely comprising these elements) a housing with a lower housing part 19 and an upper housing part 3, a process chamber 24 for performing the method with an inlet for material task 26, with a Having rotating shaft 14 and a disk 11 attached thereto made of para or diamagnetic material.
6. 6. Device according to item 5, wherein the disk 11 is isolated from para or Diamagnetikum by a dielectric disk 13 of the rotating shaft 14, wherein the rotating shaft 14 to a controllable electric or electromagnetic field with a potential difference of 1 to 50 kV means a contact plug 15 is connected.
7. 7. Device according to item 5 or 6, wherein the housing 19 are provided below the rotating disk 11 as a para or Diamagnetikum, permanent magnets 16 different geometric shape and alternating polarity.
8. 8. The device according to item 7, wherein the permanent magnets 16 may have different geometric shapes, such as a prism, and their spatial position, in particular with respect to the distance to the rotating disk 11 of para or Diamagnetikum, is adjustable.
9. 9. Device according to one of the objects 5 to 8, wherein on the underside of the rotating disk 11 of para or diamagnetic material air-blowing plates 10 are attached.
10. 10. Device according to one of the items 5 to 9, wherein the sheet deflector 22 is a discharge opening 6 is provided for heavier particles.
11. 11. The device according to item 10, wherein the separation of heavy homogeneous particles in the form of a concentrate discretely from the Bogenabweiser by means of a mechanism 5 through the discharge opening 6.
12. 12. Device according to one of the objects 5 to 11, wherein the hollow cone 8, a heat transfer medium in the form of heated air or gas is supplied.

• eine hohe Dispersion,
• eine Intensivierung der Trocknung,
• Änderungen der physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften,
• innere - und Oberflächenenergie von Materialien.

An inventive method for the combined drying and / or grinding or / and separation of organic and / or inorganic Materials and their mixtures may be characterized by one, several or all of the following features, parameters and properties:

• a high dispersion,
• an intensification of the drying,
• Changes in physical and chemical properties,
• internal and surface energy of materials.

Thus, a separation of the organic and / or inorganic materials and their mixtures according to mechanical, electrophysical and magnetic properties can be obtained.

The treatment of the materials may be carried out according to this method with the combined and preferably simultaneous action of kinetic energy and thermal energy and may be carried out in the electric or magnetic or electromagnetic field under the kinetic energy conversion of the rotor.

Advantageously, a conversion of the energy of electrical and magnetic fields into thermal energy for contacting and convective heating of the material to be processed, preferably with the use and effect of static fields of permanent magnets with a magnetic flux density of up to 1.4 T. Depending on the process High frequency currents can occur in the range of 1 KA to 100 KA and alternating magnetic fields with a frequency of 500 to 12000 Hz, preferably with a frequency of 500 to 2000 Hz, can be used. For this purpose, magnetic flux densities in the range of 1 to 10 T are proposed.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1. 1 drive shaft for tangential fan
2. 2 tangential fan
3. 3 Upper housing part
4. 4 adjusting screws
5. 5 Separation mechanism for heavier particles
6. 6 discharge opening for heavier particles
7. 7 baffles
8. 8 Hollow plate with an inlet for material application
9. 9 driving pins
10. 10 air-blast plates
11. 11 slice of para or diamagnetic
12. 12 air openings
13. 13 Dielectric disk
14. 14 Rotating shaft
15. 15 contact plug
16. 16 permanent magnet
17. 17 air opening
18. 18 air duct
19. 19 Lower housing part
20. 20 baffles
21. 21 hammer plates
22. 22 bow deflector
23. 23 rotor
24. 24 process room
25. 25 lock closure
26. 26 material task
27. 27 Steam mixture outlet
28. 28 Housing of the storage unit of the tangential blower
29. 29 mounting hole

Claims (12)

Apparatus for drying and comminuting dried material, preferably organic and / or inorganic substances or / and mixtures thereof, comprising: a process space (24), which may be defined by a housing of the device; and a comminution device (21) arranged in the process space (24) and arranged to comminute material to be dried introduced into the process space (24) using kinetic energy; marked by an electric or electromagnetic field field application device adapted to generate an electric or electromagnetic field at least locally within the process space (24) at an electric field strength suitable to cause a deviation of a drop shape from a spherical shape of one in the desiccant to induce fluid dropping, wherein the deviation of a drop shape from a spherical shape is suitable for triggering a fragmentation of the fluid droplet in order to separate one or more liquids in the form of aerosol, wherein the apparatus may be arranged for at least respective portions of the material to be dried to interact simultaneously with the comminution device (21) and the electric or electromagnetic field, the device being able to be set up so that the electric field strength of the electric or electromagnetic field can be regulated, wherein the electric field strength which is suitable for inducing a deviation of a drop shape from a spherical shape of a fluid drop present in the drying material, wherein the deviation of a drop shape from a spherical shape is suitable Fragmentation of the fluid drop, preferably in the range of 10 ³ V / m to 10 ⁶ V / m; wherein preferably the device is adapted to disperse the drying material in the process space (24). Apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a magnetic field field applicator adapted to subject a portion of the material to be dried to a magnetic field which is a local alternating magnetic field as viewed from the portion of the item to be dried and / or Dehydrated material moves,
wherein the portion of the material to be dried is exposed to the magnetic field to produce induction heating in the portion of the product to be dried by generating eddy currents. The device of claim 2, further comprising: a housing (19); wherein said magnetic field field applying device is fixedly disposed with respect to said housing (19) and adapted to generate a static magnetic field in said process space (24), said magnetic field being preferably inhomogeneous; wherein the crushing device (21) is adapted to set the region of the material to be dried in a relative movement, preferably in a form of rotation, relative to the field applying device for a magnetic field, so that the induction heating is generated by the relative movement of the region of the material to be dried by the magnetic field ; wherein preferably the magnetic field field applicator comprises a plurality of permanent magnets (16), wherein preferably at least two, or all, adjacent permanent magnets (16) are arranged in each case with alternating polarity, wherein preferably at least two permanent magnets (16) are formed with a different geometric shape. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: a rotatable shaft (14) adapted to support the field application device for an electric or electromagnetic field non-rotatably connected to the shaft (14), wherein the shaft (14) is adapted to apply to the field applicator a potential difference across the housing (19) in the range of 1 to 50 kV, and wherein preferably the shaft (14) is adapted to drive the crushing device (21). Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein between the magnetic field field applicator and the process space (24) a disk (11) of para or diamagnetic is disposed on the shaft (14), preferably insulated from the shaft (14) a dielectric disc (13) is insulated. Device according to or claim 3 and one of claims 4 or 5, wherein a spatial position of the field application device for a magnetic field, preferably a spatial position of at least one or a plurality or all permanent magnets (16), in particular with respect to a distance to the disc (11). , changeable or / and adjustable. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device further
a Heizmediumzuführungsvorrichtung (17), which is adapted to the process space (24) a heating medium, for example, heated air or a heated gas to supply, and / or
at least one, preferably a plurality of medium-blowing plates or on air blowing plates (10), which are preferably arranged rotationally fixed with the shaft (14), in particular rotationally fixed to the disc (11) are attached. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the apparatus further comprises a dispenser to dispense dried drying stock,
the dispenser preferably comprising a discharge opening (6) in a sheet deflector (22) of the device for discharging heavier particles of the material to be dried, the sheet deflector (22) being preferably adapted to direct drying material towards the comminution device (21);
wherein preferably at the discharge opening (6), a mechanism (5) of the device is provided to deliver the heavier particles of the drying material from the device. Process for drying and comminuting dried material, preferably organic and / or inorganic substances or / and mixtures thereof, comprising the following steps: - Introducing the Trocknungsguts in a process space (24); - crushing the drying material in the process space (24) using kinetic energy; marked by
Applying an electric or electromagnetic field to the material to be dried, preferably during the step of comminuting the material to be dried, in order to separate one or more liquids in the form of aerosol, - Wherein the electric or electromagnetic field at least locally within the process space (24) has an electric field strength, which is suitable to a deviation of a drop shape of a spherical shape of a present in the drying material fluid droplet induce, the deviation of a drop shape from a spherical shape being suitable for triggering a fragmentation of the fluid drop in order to separate one or more liquids in the form of aerosol, wherein at least respective portions of the material to be dried can simultaneously interact with the comminution device (21) and the electric or electromagnetic field,
wherein the electric field strength of the electric or electromagnetic field can preferably be regulated,
wherein the electric field strength which is suitable for inducing a deviation of a drop shape from a spherical shape of a fluid drop present in the drying material,
wherein the deviation of a droplet shape from a spherical shape is adapted to cause fragmentation of the fluid drop, preferably in the range of 10 ³ V / m to 10 ⁶ V / m;
wherein preferably the method comprises a step of dispersing the material to be dried in the process space (24). The method of claim 9, further comprising a step of
Applying to a portion of the magnetic field drying stock to induce induction heating in that portion or a portion of the item to be dried by generating eddy currents;
wherein preferably the magnetic field, viewed from the region of the material to be dried, is a local alternating magnetic field, which preferably has a frequency in the range from 500 to 12,000 Hz; and or
wherein the area of the material to be dried is moved by the magnetic field. The method of claim 9 or 10, further comprising a step of
Introducing a heating medium, for example, heated air or a heated gas, in the process chamber (24). A method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, further comprising a step of
Removing particles of higher specific gravity, preferably during at least one, preferably all steps of the process.

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