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EP3426986B1 - Échangeur de chaleur sectionnel à utiliser dans une cellule thermique - Google Patents

Échangeur de chaleur sectionnel à utiliser dans une cellule thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3426986B1
EP3426986B1 EP17707588.4A EP17707588A EP3426986B1 EP 3426986 B1 EP3426986 B1 EP 3426986B1 EP 17707588 A EP17707588 A EP 17707588A EP 3426986 B1 EP3426986 B1 EP 3426986B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ribs
heat exchanger
flue gas
row
pins
Prior art date
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Application number
EP17707588.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3426986A1 (fr
Inventor
Harshit Gupta
Raymond Westers
Omke Jan Teerling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bekaert Combustion Technology BV
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Bekaert Combustion Technology BV
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Publication of EP3426986A1 publication Critical patent/EP3426986A1/fr
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/30Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle being built up from sections
    • F24H1/32Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle being built up from sections with vertical sections arranged side by side
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00Details
    • F24H9/0005Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001Guiding means
    • F24H9/0026Guiding means in combustion gas channels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of sectional heat exchangers for use in a heat cell.
  • Such heat exchangers comprise several segments.
  • the number of segments is selected as a function of the required capacity of the sectional heat exchanger.
  • the sectional heat exchanger of the invention has a combustion chamber in which a burner can be installed - thereby forming a heat cell - for the generation of flue gas that will transfer its thermal energy to heat water.
  • Such heat cells can be used in boilers.
  • Sectional heat exchangers are built up of a number of sections or segments.
  • Sectional heat exchangers e.g. out of aluminium, exist that comprise a number of identical intermediate segments positioned next to each other; and two end segments.
  • the number of intermediate segments that is used in the assembly of the heat exchanger depends on the required capacity of the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger has a number of channels - at least one channel in each intermediate segment - in parallel flow connection for water to be heated, and flue gas channels extending from the one or more than one combustion chambers in the heat exchanger.
  • a sectional heat exchanger, using cast intermediate segments, is provided in DE102005014616B3 , in which one single burner can be mounted in the one combustion chamber of the sectional heat exchanger.
  • GB2441183A discloses a sectional heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1 and shows a heat exchanger for use in a condensing boiler comprising a plurality of heat exchanger sections having at least one internal flow passage with an inlet and an outlet for the passage of a heat exchange medium and a plurality of elongate fins on at least one side of each section defining flue gas flow channels, a burner to produce hot flue gas, a means to guide the flue gas from the burner through the flow channels from a primary part to a secondary part of the heat exchanger, and a means to promote unidirectional flue gas flow before entering the primary part.
  • Promotion means may be a U-shaped barrier that changes the flue gas from a radial to the unidirectional flow and also changes from a downward to an upward flow.
  • the promotion means may comprise a plurality of elongated fins disposed between, and parallel to, vertical arms of the U-shape.
  • the primary object of the invention is to provide sectional heat exchangers that are less prone to boiling when used in heat cells for boilers.
  • the invention is a sectional heat exchanger for a condensing heat cell according to claim 1.
  • the sectional heat exchanger comprises two end segments and one or more than one intermediate segment(s) provided between the two end segments.
  • the one or the more than one intermediate segment(s) and the two end segments are assembled in the heat exchanger.
  • a combustion chamber is provided in the sectional heat exchanger, preferably perpendicular to the one or to the more than one intermediate segment(s).
  • Each of the one or the more than one intermediate segment(s) comprises at least one water flow channel for water to be heated. In between each two consecutive segments - between two intermediate segments if more than one intermediate segment is provided as well as between intermediate segments and end segments - at least one flue gas flow channel is provided, extending from the combustion chamber.
  • the one or the more than one intermediate segment(s) each comprise a horizontal row of ribs extending into the flue gas flow channel in order to increase heat exchange from the flue gas to the water to be heated. Ribs at the two outer sides of the horizontal row of ribs have a larger height than ribs in the middle of the row of ribs. With height of the rib is meant the dimension of the rib in the vertical direction of the sectional heat exchanger.
  • the more than one intermediate segment(s) each comprise a plurality of rows of pins extending in the flue gas channel to increase heat transfer.
  • each row of pins is provided in serial flue gas flow direction.
  • the pins have a circular cross section.
  • the rib has a substantially rectangular cross section, with its largest side aligned in the vertical direction of the heat exchanger. More preferably, the substantially rectangular cross section is a rectangular cross section having rounded edges.
  • the sectional heat exchanger of the invention has the surprising benefit that boiling of water in the water flow channels is prevented. This benefit is believed to be achieved thanks to the modified heat exchange at the horizontal row of ribs because of the differences of height of the ribs. The lower height of the ribs in the middle of the row of ribs will obviously involve a reduced heat transfer, negative for efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the intermediate segment is provided such that parallel flows of flue gas flow along all of the ribs of the horizontal row of ribs.
  • Meant is that no gas flow flows first along one rib of the horizontal row of ribs and then in serial flow arrangement along another rib of the horizontal row of ribs.
  • the height over width ratio of each of the ribs of the horizontal row of ribs is more than 2.
  • the one or the more than one intermediate segment(s) each comprise only one row of ribs extending into the flue gas flow channel in order to increase heat exchange from the flue gas to the water to be heater.
  • the sectional heat exchanger is a condensing heat exchanger.
  • ribs in the middle of the row of ribs have less than 70% - more preferably less than 55% - of the height of the ribs at the two outer sides of the horizontal row of ribs.
  • the two end segments each comprise a horizontal row of ribs extending into the flue gas flow channel in order to increase heat exchange from the flue gas to the water to be heated.
  • Ribs at the two outer sides of the horizontal row of ribs have a larger height than ribs in the middle of the row of ribs.
  • height of the rib is meant the dimension of the rib in the vertical direction of the sectional heat exchanger.
  • the two end segments each comprise only one row of ribs extending into the flue gas flow channel in order to increase heat exchange from the flue gas to the water to be heated.
  • the one or the more than one intermediate segment(s) and/or the two end segments are aluminium or aluminium alloy segments, preferably separate segments.
  • the one or the more than one intermediate segment(s) and/ or the two end segments are cast segments, preferably separate cast segments.
  • the sectional heat exchanger comprises at least two intermediate segments; and the at least two intermediate segments are provided parallel to each other in the sectional heat exchanger.
  • At least some ribs in the middle of the row of ribs only partially overlap in height direction the height of the first section of the water flow channel located below the combustion chamber.
  • the first section of the water flow channel located below the combustion chamber is meant the elongated full width section of the water flow channel immediately below the combustion channel.
  • the distance between ends in the flue gas channel of ribs of the row of ribs and ends of ribs positioned on the opposing segment is constant for all ribs in the row of ribs.
  • a sectional heat exchanger in which the distance between ends in the flue gas channel of ribs of the row of ribs and ends of ribs positioned on the opposing segment is less than 4 mm, and preferably less than 3 mm.
  • the distance between ends in the flue gas channel of each of the ribs of the row of ribs and ends of ribs positioned on the opposing segment is less than 4 mm, and preferably less than 3 mm. More preferably, the distance between ends in the flue gas channel of ribs of the row of ribs and ends of ribs positioned on the opposing segment is constant for all ribs in the row of ribs.
  • the row of ribs comprises - and preferably consists out of - ribs of a first height and ribs of a second height.
  • the first height is larger than the second height.
  • Ribs at the outer sides of the horizontal row of ribs are ribs of the first height.
  • Ribs in the middle of the row of ribs are ribs of the second height. More preferably, all other ribs than the ribs of the first height are ribs of the second height. Even more preferably, less than 60% of the ribs of the row of ribs are ribs of the first height. Even more preferable, less than 40% of the ribs of the row of ribs are ribs of the first height.
  • the ribs of a second height have less than 70% - more preferably less than 55% - of the height of the ribs of a first height.
  • the intermediate segment(s) comprise a first horizontal row of pins below the row of ribs, wherein the pins of the first horizontal row of pins extend into the flue gas flow channel.
  • first horizontal row of pins is meant the horizontal row of pins immediately below the row of ribs.
  • This row of pins comprises at its two outer sides pins extending into the flue gas flow channel so that a distance of less than 4 mm - and preferably less than 3 mm - is created with pins extending from the opposed segment into the flue gas shaft.
  • This row of pins comprises in its middle pins extending into the flue gas shaft so that a distance of more than 10 mm - and more preferably of more than 20 mm - is created with pins extending from the opposed segment into the flue gas shaft.
  • Such embodiments contribute synergistically to the prevention of boiling of water in the water flow channel.
  • further horizontal rows of pins extending into the flue gas channel are provided below the first horizontal row of pins.
  • the distance between the pin and the pin extending into the flue gas flow channel from the opposed segment is constant over the width of the horizontal row of pins.
  • the intermediate segment(s) comprise a plurality of horizontal row of pins below the row of ribs, wherein the pins of the horizontal rows of pins extend into the flue gas flow channel.
  • Each of these rows of pins comprises at its two outer sides pins extending into the flue gas flow channel so that a distance of less than 4 mm - and preferably less than 3 mm - is created with pins extending from the opposed segment into the flue gas shaft.
  • These rows of pins comprise in their middle pins extending into the flue gas shaft so that a distance of more than 10 mm - and more preferably of more than 20 mm - is created with pins extending from the opposed segment into the flue gas shaft.
  • additional horizontal rows of pins extending into the flue gas channel are provided - preferably below the plurality of rows of pins that extend over different length in the flue gas channel.
  • the distance between the pin and the pin extending into the flue gas flow channel from the opposed segment is constant over the width of the horizontal row of pins.
  • the combustion chamber has perpendicular to its length axis a cylindrical shape with a circular cross section.
  • the water flow channel in the intermediate segment runs over at least 80% - and more preferably over at least 90% - of the circumference of the combustion chamber around the combustion chamber.
  • the sectional heat exchanger comprises at least two intermediate segments.
  • the at least two intermediate segments are provided parallel to each other in the sectional heat exchanger.
  • the water flow channel follows a meandering flow path.
  • a preferred sectional heat exchanger comprises more than one intermediate segment. Water flow channels of the more than one intermediate segment, and preferably also of the two end segments, are connected in parallel flow connection.
  • the water flow channels in the one or in the more than one intermediate segment(s) are provided for counter flow of the water with respect to the flow direction of the flue gas channels.
  • An embodiment of the invention is a heat cell.
  • the heat cell comprises a sectional heat exchanger according to the invention; and a, preferably one, more preferably only one, burner, preferably a premix gas burner, and preferably a cylindrical burner, provided in the combustion chamber for the production of flue gas to flow in parallel flow connection through the flue gas flow channels between the segments of the heat exchanger.
  • the burner is preferably mounted so that it extends in the combustion chamber perpendicularly to the one or to the more than one intermediate segment(s).
  • the heat cell has a condensation sump at the bottom of the heat cell.
  • Figure 1 shows a heat cell according to an embodiment of the invention, comprising a condensing sectional heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • the figure shows a section 100 perpendicularly to the segments of the sectional heat exchanger.
  • Figure 2 shows a view on an intermediate segment of a sectional heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross section along plane III-III of an intermediate segment of the heat exchanger of figure 1 .
  • the exemplary sectional heat exchanger of figures 1 , 2 and 3 comprises two end segments 102, 104 and two intermediate segments 106 provided between the two end segments 102, 104.
  • the two intermediate segments and the two end segments are cast aluminum parts and are assembled in the heat exchanger.
  • a cylindrical combustion chamber 108, 208, 308 with a circular cross section is provided in the sectional heat exchanger, in the example perpendicular to the intermediate segments and perpendicular to the end segments.
  • a cylindrical gas premix burner 110 is provided in the combustion chamber, perpendicular to the intermediate segments and perpendicular to the end segments.
  • Each of the intermediate segments 106 and each of the end segments 102, 104 comprise a water flow channel 112, 312 for water to be heated.
  • Water flow channels of the intermediate segments, and preferably also of the two end segments, are connected in parallel flow connection.
  • the water flow channels in the intermediate segments and in the end segments follow a meandering flow path through the segment.
  • the water flow channels in the intermediate segments as well as the water flow channels in the end segments run over more than 90% of the circumference of the combustion chamber around the combustion chamber.
  • the water channels are provided for counter flow compared to the flue gas flow direction in the flue gas flow channels.
  • each flue gas flow channel 114 is provided, extending from the combustion chamber 108, 208, 308.
  • the intermediate segments 106 - as well as both end segments 102, 104 - each comprise a horizontal row of ribs 116, 216 extending into the flue gas flow channel in order to increase heat exchange from the flue gas to the water to be heated.
  • Ribs 218 at the two outer sides of the horizontal row of ribs have a larger height than ribs 220 in the middle of the row of ribs.
  • the intermediate segments 106 and the two end segments 102, 104 each comprise only one row of ribs 116, 216 extending into the flue gas flow channel in order to increase heat exchange from the flue gas to the water to be heated.
  • the ribs have a substantially rectangular cross section, with their largest side aligned in the vertical direction of the heat exchanger.
  • the ribs 220 at the middle of the row of ribs of the intermediate segments as well as the ribs at the middle of the row of ribs of the end segments have 66% of the height of the ribs 218 at the two outer sides of the horizontal row of ribs.
  • the ribs 220 at the middle of the row of ribs of the intermediate segments as well as the ribs at the middle of the row of ribs of the end segments have 50% of the height of the ribs 218 at the two outer sides of the horizontal row of ribs.
  • ribs in the middle of the row of ribs only partially overlap in height direction the first section of the water flow channel located below the combustion chamber.
  • the distance between ends in the flue gas channel of each of the ribs of the row of ribs and ends of ribs positioned on the opposing segment is 2 mm.
  • the intermediate segments as well as the end segments comprise a first horizontal row of pins 132, 232 below the row of ribs. These pins extend into the flue gas flow channel.
  • This row of pins 132, 232 comprises at its two outer sides pins extending into the flue gas flow channel so that a distance of less than 4 mm - and preferably less than 3 mm - is created with pins extending into the flue gas shaft from the opposed segment.
  • This row of pins comprises in its middle pins extending into the flue gas shaft so that a distance of 28 mm is created with pins extending from the opposed segment into the flue gas shaft.
  • each of the segment(s) comprises a plurality of horizontal row of pins below the row of ribs, wherein the pins of the horizontal rows of pins extend into the flue gas flow channel.
  • Each of these rows of pins comprises at its two outer sides pins extending into the flue gas flow channel so that a distance of less than 4 mm - and preferably less than 3 mm - is created with pins extending from the opposed segment into the flue gas shaft.
  • These rows of pins comprise in their middle pins extending into the flue gas shaft so that a distance of more than 20 mm is created with pins extending from the opposed segment into the flue gas shaft.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Échangeur de chaleur sectionné pour une cellule thermique de condensation,
    - l'échangeur de chaleur sectionné comprenant deux segments d'extrémité (102, 104) et un ou plusieurs segments intermédiaires (106) prévus entre les deux segments d'extrémité ;
    - les un ou plusieurs segments intermédiaires et les deux segments d'extrémité étant assemblés dans l'échangeur de chaleur, une chambre de combustion (108, 208, 308) étant disposée dans l'échangeur de chaleur sectionné,
    - le segment ou chacun des segments intermédiaires comprenant au moins un canal d'écoulement d'eau (112, 312) destiné à l'eau à chauffer,
    - au moins un canal d'écoulement de gaz de combustion (114), s'étendant à partir de la chambre de combustion, étant disposé entre chaque paire de segments consécutifs,
    - les un ou plusieurs segments intermédiaires comprenant chacun une rangée horizontale de nervures (116, 216) s'étendant dans le canal d'écoulement de gaz de combustion afin d'augmenter l'échange de chaleur du gaz de combustion à l'eau à chauffer ;
    les nervures (218) au niveau des deux côtés externes de la rangée horizontale de nervures présentant une hauteur supérieure à celle des nervures (220) au milieu de la rangée de nervures ; la hauteur de la nervure étant la dimension de la nervure dans la direction verticale de l'échangeur de chaleur sectionné ;
    caractérisé en ce que les un ou plusieurs segments intermédiaires comprennent chacun une pluralité de rangées de broches s'étendant dans le canal de gaz de combustion afin augmenter le transfert de chaleur.
  2. Échangeur de chaleur sectionné selon la revendication 1, dans lequel au moins quelques nervures (220) au milieu de la rangée de nervures ne recouvrent que partiellement dans la direction de la hauteur la hauteur d'une première section du canal d'écoulement d'eau située sous la chambre de combustion.
  3. Échangeur de chaleur sectionné selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la distance entre les extrémités dans le canal de gaz de combustion des nervures de la rangée de nervures et les extrémités des nervures placées sur le segment opposé est inférieure à 4 mm, et de préférence inférieure à 3 mm.
  4. Échangeur de chaleur sectionné selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    dans lequel la rangée de nervures comprend des nervures d'une première hauteur et des nervures d'une seconde hauteur, la première hauteur étant plus grande que la seconde hauteur ;
    et dans lequel les nervures sur les côtés externes de la rangée horizontale de nervures sont des nervures de la première hauteur ;
    et dans lequel les nervures au milieu de la rangée de nervures sont des nervures de la seconde hauteur.
  5. Échangeur de chaleur sectionné selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    dans lequel le ou les segments intermédiaires (106) comprennent une première rangée horizontale de broches (132, 232) sous la rangée de nervures, les broches s'étendant dans le canal d'écoulement du gaz de combustion,
    dans lequel cette rangée de broches comprend sur ses deux côtés externes des broches s'étendant dans le canal d'écoulement du gaz de combustion de sorte qu'une distance inférieure à 4 mm - et de préférence inférieure à 3 mm - est créée avec des broches s'étendant du segment opposé dans l'arbre du gaz de combustion ;
    dans lequel cette rangée de broches comprend en son milieu des broches s'étendant dans l'arbre du gaz de combustion de sorte qu'une distance de plus de 10 mm est créée avec des broches s'étendant dans l'arbre du gaz de combustion depuis le segment opposé.
  6. Échangeur de chaleur sectionné selon la revendication 5,
    dans lequel le ou les segments intermédiaires comprennent une pluralité de rangées horizontales (140, 240) de broches sous la rangée de nervures, les broches s'étendant dans le canal d'écoulement du gaz de combustion,
    dans lequel chaque rangée de broches comprend sur ses deux côtés externes des broches s'étendant dans le canal d'écoulement du gaz de combustion de sorte qu'une distance inférieure à 4 mm - et de préférence inférieure à 3 mm - est créée avec des broches s'étendant du segment opposé dans l'arbre du gaz de combustion ;
    dans lequel chaque rangée de broches comprend en son milieu des broches s'étendant dans l'arbre du gaz de combustion de sorte qu'une distance de plus de 10 mm est créée avec des broches s'étendant dans l'arbre du gaz de combustion depuis le segment opposé.
  7. Échangeur de chaleur sectionné selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la chambre de combustion (108, 208, 308) a une forme cylindrique perpendiculaire à son axe longitudinal avec une section transversale circulaire.
  8. Échangeur de chaleur sectionné selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le canal d'écoulement d'eau (112, 312) dans le segment intermédiaire s'étend sur au moins 80 % de la circonférence de la chambre de combustion autour de la chambre de combustion (108, 208, 308).
  9. Échangeur de chaleur sectionné selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, l'échangeur de chaleur sectionné comprenant au moins deux segments intermédiaires (106) et les au moins deux segments intermédiaires étant prévus parallèlement l'un à l'autre dans l'échangeur de chaleur sectionné.
  10. Échangeur de chaleur sectionné selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel, dans le ou les segments intermédiaires (106), le canal d'écoulement d'eau (112, 312) suit un trajet d'écoulement sinueux.
  11. Échangeur de chaleur sectionné selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, l'échangeur de chaleur sectionné comprenant plus d'un segment intermédiaire (106) et des canaux d'écoulement d'eau (112, 312) des segments intermédiaires, et de préférence aussi des deux segments d'extrémité, étant raccordés selon une liaison d'écoulement parallèle.
  12. Échangeur de chaleur sectionné selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les canaux d'écoulement d'eau (112, 312) dans les un ou plusieurs segments intermédiaires (106) sont prévus pour le contre-courant de l'eau par rapport à la direction d'écoulement des canaux de gaz de combustion (114) .
  13. Cellule thermique, comprenant :
    - un échangeur de chaleur sectionné selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes ; et
    - un brûleur (110),
    dans laquelle le brûleur (110) est prévu dans la chambre de combustion (108, 208, 308) pour la production de gaz de combustion pour s'écouler en parallèle à travers les canaux de gaz de combustion (114) entre les segments de l'échangeur de chaleur sectionné.
  14. Cellule thermique selon la revendication 13, dans laquelle le brûleur (110) s'étend perpendiculairement au ou aux segments intermédiaires (106).
EP17707588.4A 2016-03-09 2017-03-03 Échangeur de chaleur sectionnel à utiliser dans une cellule thermique Active EP3426986B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16159385 2016-03-09
PCT/EP2017/055036 WO2017153280A1 (fr) 2016-03-09 2017-03-03 Échangeur de chaleur sectionné destiné à être utilisé dans une cellule thermique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3426986A1 EP3426986A1 (fr) 2019-01-16
EP3426986B1 true EP3426986B1 (fr) 2019-11-20

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EP17707588.4A Active EP3426986B1 (fr) 2016-03-09 2017-03-03 Échangeur de chaleur sectionnel à utiliser dans une cellule thermique

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20190011149A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3426986B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN108779937A (fr)
CL (1) CL2018002525A1 (fr)
EA (1) EA034441B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017153280A1 (fr)

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CN108779937A (zh) 2018-11-09
EP3426986A1 (fr) 2019-01-16
WO2017153280A1 (fr) 2017-09-14
CL2018002525A1 (es) 2018-12-28
EA201892014A1 (ru) 2019-02-28
EA034441B1 (ru) 2020-02-07
US20190011149A1 (en) 2019-01-10

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