EP3424662B1 - Method for producing prestressed concrete parts - Google Patents
Method for producing prestressed concrete parts Download PDFInfo
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- EP3424662B1 EP3424662B1 EP18178380.4A EP18178380A EP3424662B1 EP 3424662 B1 EP3424662 B1 EP 3424662B1 EP 18178380 A EP18178380 A EP 18178380A EP 3424662 B1 EP3424662 B1 EP 3424662B1
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- parts
- molding bed
- bed
- fastening
- molding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/0056—Means for inserting the elements into the mould or supporting them in the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
- B28B23/022—Means for inserting reinforcing members into the mould or for supporting them in the mould
- B28B23/024—Supporting means
- B28B23/026—Mould partitionning elements acting as supporting means in moulds, e.g. for elongated articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
- B28B23/04—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the production of prestressed concrete prefabricated parts which have cast or molded-in fastening devices or built-in parts, namely prestressed concrete sleepers or prestressed concrete switch sleepers with means for rail fastening, with molded parts being produced by casting in at least one mold bed and the mold bed accommodating a large number of prestressing steels, furthermore Storage boxes or plates are inserted between the molded parts and / or in the end regions of the mold bed and, after the concrete has hardened, the molded parts are removed from the respective mold bed according to the teaching of claim 1.
- the teaching there is aimed at the use of turnout sleepers made of prestressed concrete, which can be manufactured in practically any length in a long prestressed bed.
- the problem that is worked out is that the positioning of the built-in parts for fastening the rails, the position of which in turnout sleepers changes due to the curvature of the track, not only changes from sleeper to sleeper, but also takes into account that the rail axes are below the sleeper axes different, usually not right angles.
- matrices made of sheet steel are used as the shuttering base, which have bores at the respective positions of the built-in parts, in which fastening means for temporarily fixing the built-in parts can be attached.
- a blind rivet that can be inserted and knocked in from above as a temporary connecting means, which is pushed with the shaft from above through a hole in a fastening part fixing the mounting part and through the hole determining the position of the mounting part in the bottom of the formwork and on the outside of the shuttering base is anchored by a rivet head-like expansion.
- the need remains to have to arrange holes in the shuttering base at different points for each individual turnout sleeper. For this purpose, either a large number of matrices with bores arranged at the different points must be kept or new bores must be generated in each case according to the specifications of the individual case.
- the starting point is to realize concrete railway sleeper blocks of different lengths in the area of a switch with different numbers of fastening devices, each arranged at a predetermined distance from one another, with the greatest possible accuracy and at the lowest possible cost.
- a large number of matrices, each provided with differently arranged holes, each of different lengths corresponding to the desired lengths of the respective differently dimensioned railway sleeper blocks for the construction of a specific railroad switch is prefabricated.
- a fastening device is detachably attached in each hole of the die.
- the dies are placed in the mold bed for butt pouring the plurality of contiguous concrete bodies. Before the concrete body is cut, the matrices are removed from it and the fastening devices cast therein.
- Markings are provided on the sides of the matrices in such a way that the type of turnout and the sequence number of the respective blocks under the railway sleeper blocks assigned to the turnout can be clearly recognized from the top of the blocks.
- a transverse strip for example a plastic strip, is arranged between two successive dies in the mold bed.
- a series of dies is placed in an elongated bed to form the bottom of a molding bed.
- the dies are provided with holes.
- Special die shells can be inserted into these bores or recesses, which are tailored to the dimensions of the rail fastening arrangements.
- the die shells are provided with flanges, which are supported on the inner surface of the actual die and are in contact there.
- the US 2008/139321 A1 shows an arrangement with a magnetically fixable connecting sleeve.
- the object of the invention to provide a further developed method for the production of prestressed precast concrete parts which have cast or molded fastening devices or built-in parts, these being prestressed concrete sleepers or prestressed concrete turnout sleepers with means for rail fastening.
- the method according to the invention should be suitable for both the so-called long-line production and the circulation production of sleepers, with all different geometries and positions of the rail fastening points of the individual sleepers being able to be implemented in the molded part.
- a laborious change of base plates or matrices, as is necessary in the prior art, should be dispensed with.
- a known mold bed is used as a starting point for the production of pre-stressed concrete parts which have cast or molded-in fastening devices or built-in parts, namely prestressed concrete sleepers or prestressed concrete turnout sleepers with means for rail fastening, in order to produce corresponding molded parts by casting.
- the mold bed can accommodate a variety of prestressing steels.
- storage boxes or shelves can be used between the molded parts and / or in the end regions of the mold bed, so that molded parts of different lengths can be produced.
- the molded parts are removed from the respective mold bed in a manner known per se, the prestressing steels being able to be severed in predetermined areas.
- Free base plates are placed in the mold bed or in the mold trough by fastening devices and built-in parts, or mold beds provided with such base plates are used.
- the storage boxes or the storage plates are set and the fastening devices or built-in parts are fixed precisely to the respective base plate by means of permanent magnetic holding devices.
- the insertion of the fastening devices or built-in parts with the aid of the permanent magnetic holding devices can be carried out with the aid of a setting jig.
- the permanent magnetic holding devices can be designed, for example, in the form of a bolt or a pin, with a corresponding number of permanent magnets being used in the fastening area.
- a fastening dowel can then be pushed over such a bolt or pin, which is later encased by the concrete and fixed in the concrete.
- the fastening devices or the built-in parts comprise a molded body that can be used repeatedly for forming beads in the molded part and / or a dowel holder as mentioned above.
- the molded body and the dowel holder can be made in one piece but also in several parts.
- the storage boxes or the storage plates have a foot section for receiving one or more permanent magnets and are also permanently magnetically fixed to the base plate or lateral shaped plates.
- the fastening devices, built-in parts, storage boxes and / or storage panels are fixed by means of switchable holding devices having permanent magnetic properties.
- the permanent magnet can be deactivated when the holding devices are set, as a result of which position corrections can be implemented more easily until the desired positions of the holding devices are finally reached.
- the fastening device is designed as a metallic beaded plate with pre-assembled dowels, a switchable permanent magnet being arranged or used at the intended position in the mold bed to fix the beaded plate in its position in relation to the mold bed, with the prestressing steels being reclamped or relaxed the permanent magnetic fixation is canceled in such a way that the bead plate can be shifted in position. Due to this solution according to the invention, the formation of bead cracks in the molded part is avoided.
- the switchable permanent magnets can be both stationary and movable, but can be fixed in position in the mold bed.
- the elastic seal closes the mold bed to a mold trough in which the mold bed is located and enables the horizontal movement of the beaded plate when it is reclamped.
- the mold bed itself can have integral shelves or storage boxes and in this respect already have fixed side walls that have recesses for leading through the prestressing steel.
- the device not according to the invention for the production of prestressed concrete precast elements is based on the fact that the respective fastening devices or built-in parts are received by a holding device.
- the holding device is as
- Bolt, pin, stamp, plate or the like means executed, at least portions of this means being permanently magnetically or permanently magnetically switchable or receiving at least one switchable or non-switchable permanent magnet.
- a molded body in particular designed as a beaded plate, is designed to be switchable permanent magnet, accommodates such a switchable permanent magnet or consists of a ferromagnetic material that can interact with a switchable permanent magnet.
- At least one magnet in particular a switchable permanent magnet, is provided in order to releasably fix the holding device and / or the molded body.
- the device described can be used in both circulating and long-line production systems for the production of pre-stressed concrete parts.
- the Fig. 1 shows a view into the interior of a mold bed for the production of a prestressed concrete part, in particular a prestressed concrete switch sleeper.
- a base plate 2 free of fastening devices or built-in parts is introduced or inserted into a mold bed 1, or the mold bed consists of a trough with an integrated base plate.
- These holding devices comprise a molded body 3, e.g. for forming a bead in the molded part, and a dowel holder 4.
- the dowel holder 4 is implemented as a pin or bolt and already accepts the later fastening dowels 5.
- the Fig. 2 illustrates the state of several mold beds with base plate 2. Furthermore, the molded body holding parts 3 together with the dowel holder 4 can be seen. The shelves or storage boxes 6 are used completely assembled.
- the Fig. 3 shows an underside view of the holding devices comprising molded bodies 3 and dowel holders 4 with magnets 10 inserted there.
- FIG. 4 the bottom view of an exemplary embodiment of a storage panel 6 with foot section 11 is shown, permanent magnets 12 also being introduced into a cavity of the foot section 11.
- a sleeper shape 13 for the production of sleepers is assumed, the sleepers having beads to hold the track fastening and dowels for holding the corresponding track fastening screws.
- a correspondingly preassembled bead plate 15 provided with dowels 14 is fixed in the area of the bottom of the mold 13 within a mold trough 16 with the aid of a switchable permanent magnet 17.
- the switchable permanent magnet 17 is deactivated before reclamping, that is to say relaxation, by releasing the tensioning wire holder 20.
- reclamping that is to say relaxation
- the corresponding bead plates 15 can therefore shift, so that the risk of the extremely problematic bead crack formation is significantly minimized. Stress peaks, which would otherwise lead to cracking, are avoided from the outset.
- a temporary, elastic seal 21 is inserted between the beading plate 15 and the mold bed.
- Another advantage of the solution according to the invention is that another molded part can be manufactured immediately in or with the same mold. Complex modifications of the molds previously required for different fastening systems can be dispensed with, so that more flexible production is possible.
- the Fig. 6 shows a cross section of a turnout sleeper tensioning track with variants of the magnetic fixation of holding devices.
- a magnet 22 that is fixed over the entire length of the tensioning track or else one or more displaceable magnets 22 is located below the base plate 2 of the mold trough 1.
- the molded body 3 consists of a metallic material for forming beads in the molded part and for receiving the dowel 5. It is not necessary to attach or introduce magnets with respect to the holding device 3.
- the field lines of the respective magnetic fields are indicated with the reference numeral 23.
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Spannbetonfertigteilen, welche eingegossene oder eingeformte Befestigungs-einrichtungen oder Einbauteile aufweisen, nämlich Spannbetonschwellen oder Spannbetonweichenschwellen mit Mitteln zur Schienenbefestigung, wobei in mindestens einem Formenbett Formteile durch Gießen erzeugt werden und das Formenbett eine Vielzahl von Spannstählen aufnimmt, weiterhin zwischen den Formteilen und/oder in den Endbereichen des Formenbettes Abstellkästen oder Abstellbleche eingesetzt sind und nach dem Aushärten des Betons die Formteile aus dem jeweiligen Formenbett entnommen werden gemäß der Lehre nach Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a method for the production of prestressed concrete prefabricated parts which have cast or molded-in fastening devices or built-in parts, namely prestressed concrete sleepers or prestressed concrete switch sleepers with means for rail fastening, with molded parts being produced by casting in at least one mold bed and the mold bed accommodating a large number of prestressing steels, furthermore Storage boxes or plates are inserted between the molded parts and / or in the end regions of the mold bed and, after the concrete has hardened, the molded parts are removed from the respective mold bed according to the teaching of
Aus der
Die dortige Lehre zielt auf den Einsatz von Weichenschwellen aus Spannbeton, die im langen Spannbett in praktisch beliebigen Längen gefertigt werden können. Als Problem wird herausgearbeitet, dass die Positionierung der Einbauteile für die Befestigung der Schienen, deren Lage sich bei Weichen-schwellen, bedingt durch die Gleiskrümmung, nicht nur von Schwelle zu Schwelle ändert, sondern wobei auch berücksichtigt werden muss, dass die Schienenachsen die Schwellenachsen unter verschiedenen, in der Regel nicht rechten Winkeln kreuzen.The teaching there is aimed at the use of turnout sleepers made of prestressed concrete, which can be manufactured in practically any length in a long prestressed bed. The problem that is worked out is that the positioning of the built-in parts for fastening the rails, the position of which in turnout sleepers changes due to the curvature of the track, not only changes from sleeper to sleeper, but also takes into account that the rail axes are below the sleeper axes different, usually not right angles.
Für die Positionierung der Einbauteile gilt bei Schwellen ein das sonst im Bauwesen übliche weit überschreitende Maß an Genauigkeit. Insofern ist es von hoher Bedeutung, die betreffenden Einbauteile nicht nur vor dem Einbringen des Betons in der Schalung sicher zu fixieren, sondern auch, dass sich der fertige Schwellenkörper nach dem Erhärten und Vorspannen des Betons ohne Beschädigung der Einbauteile aus der Schalung lösen lässt.When it comes to positioning the built-in parts, the level of accuracy that is otherwise customary in the construction industry is far greater than that for sleepers. In this respect, it is of great importance not only to fix the relevant built-in parts securely in the formwork before placing the concrete, but also that the finished sleeper body can be removed from the formwork without damaging the built-in parts after the concrete has hardened and prestressed.
Ein weiteres Problem besteht darin, dass bei der Herstellung von Weichen-schwellen aus Spannbeton im langen Spannbett beim Lösen der Spannglieder an ihren Endverankerungen zur Übertragung der Vorspannkräfte auf die einzelnen Schwellen infolge Stauchung der Betonkörper Längsverschiebungen auftreten. Diese Verschiebungen dürfen durch die zur Fixierung der Einbauteile verwendeten Verbindungsmittel nicht behindert werden, um Beschädigungen sowohl am Schwellenkörper als auch am Einbauteil zu vermeiden.Another problem is that in the manufacture of turnout sleepers from prestressed concrete in the long prestressing bed, longitudinal displacements occur when the tendons are loosened at their end anchors in order to transfer the prestressing forces to the individual sleepers as a result of compression of the concrete body. These displacements must not be hindered by the fasteners used to fix the built-in parts in order to avoid damage to both the sleeper body and the built-in part.
Gemäß bekannten Verfahren bei der Herstellung von Weichenschwellen kommen als Schalungsboden Matrizen aus Stahlblech zum Einsatz, die an den jeweiligen Positionen der Einbauteile Bohrungen aufweisen, in denen Befestigungsmittel zum temporären Fixieren der Einbauteile angebracht werden können. Beispielsweise ist es bekannt, als temporäres Verbindungsmittel einen von oben her einsetzbaren und einschlagbaren Blindniet zu verwenden, der mit dem Schaft von oben durch eine Bohrung in einem das Einbauteil fixierenden Befestigungsteil sowie durch die die Position des Einbauteiles in dem Schalungsboden bestimmende Bohrung hindurch gestoßen und an der Außenseite des Schalungsbodens durch eine nietkopfartige Ausweitung verankert wird. Auf jeden Fall verbleibt die Notwendigkeit, für jede einzelne Weichenschwelle Bohrungen in den Schalungsböden an unterschiedlichen Stellen anordnen zu müssen. Hierzu muss entweder eine große Anzahl von Matrizen mit an den unterschiedlichen Stellen angeordneten Bohrungen vorgehalten werden oder es müssen jeweils nach den Vorgaben des einzelnen Falles neue Bohrungen erzeugt werden.According to known methods in the manufacture of turnout sleepers, matrices made of sheet steel are used as the shuttering base, which have bores at the respective positions of the built-in parts, in which fastening means for temporarily fixing the built-in parts can be attached. For example, it is known to use a blind rivet that can be inserted and knocked in from above as a temporary connecting means, which is pushed with the shaft from above through a hole in a fastening part fixing the mounting part and through the hole determining the position of the mounting part in the bottom of the formwork and on the outside of the shuttering base is anchored by a rivet head-like expansion. In any case, the need remains to have to arrange holes in the shuttering base at different points for each individual turnout sleeper. For this purpose, either a large number of matrices with bores arranged at the different points must be kept or new bores must be generated in each case according to the specifications of the individual case.
In Abweichung des bis dahin bekannten Standes der Technik zeigt die
Die Verwendung von stoffschlüssigen Verbindungstechnologien wie Schweißen oder Kleben hat zwar Vorteile, jedoch ist es problematisch, Kleberreste bzw. Reste der Schweißverbindung von den Befestigungseinrichtungen bzw. dem Formbodenblech wieder zu entfernen. Hierdurch entsteht ein zusätzlicher Arbeitsaufwand, der die ansonsten erreichbaren Vorteile wieder in Frage stellt.The use of material connection technologies such as welding or gluing has advantages, but it is problematic to remove adhesive residues or residues of the welded connection from the fastening devices or the Remove the bottom plate again. This creates additional work that calls into question the otherwise achievable advantages.
Bei dem Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Vielzahl von in Längsrichtung hintereinander angeordneten Betoneisenbahnschwellenblöcken in einem langgestreckten Formenbett nach
An den Seiten der Matrizen sind Markierungen vorhanden derart, dass der Weichentyp und die Folgenummer der jeweiligen Blöcke unter den der Weiche zugeordneten Eisenbahnschwellenblöcken deutlich von der Oberseite der Blöcke erkannt werden kann.Markings are provided on the sides of the matrices in such a way that the type of turnout and the sequence number of the respective blocks under the railway sleeper blocks assigned to the turnout can be clearly recognized from the top of the blocks.
Um das notwendige Schneiden des jeweiligen Blockes zu erleichtern, ist eine Querleiste, zum Beispiel eine Kunststoffleiste, zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Matrizen im Formenbett angeordnet.In order to facilitate the necessary cutting of the respective block, a transverse strip, for example a plastic strip, is arranged between two successive dies in the mold bed.
Auch bei diesem Stand der Technik muss also eine große Anzahl von Matrizen, das heißt Bodenblechen, vorgehalten werden, die dann entsprechend der jeweiligen Schwellenabmessungen in die Formen eingebaut und später gewechselt werden müssen. Der Wechsel der Bodenbleche ist nur durch manuelle Tätigkeiten möglich und erfordert insofern einen erheblichen Zeit- und Personalaufwand. Ein weiteres Problem ist die große Menge von Aufnahmelöchern für Befestigungsmittel. Werden nicht alle Löcher besetzt, müssen selbige verklebt oder verschlossen werden, so dass ein Eindringen von Beton während des Prozesses des Befüllens der Formen sicher vermeidbar ist und die gewünschte Qualität der Betonschwellen gewährleistet werden kann.With this state of the art, too, a large number of matrices, that is to say base plates, must be kept available, which then have to be installed in the molds according to the respective threshold dimensions and later changed. The change of the base plate is only possible through manual activities and therefore requires a considerable amount of time and personnel. Another problem is the large number of receiving holes for fasteners. If not all holes are filled, they must be glued or sealed so that concrete penetration during the process of filling the molds can be safely avoided and the desired quality of the concrete sleepers can be guaranteed.
Bei dem Herstellungsverfahren für Betonweichenschwellenblöcke unterschiedlicher Länge mit Schienenbefestigungsanordnungen in verschiedener Anzahl und in unterschiedlichen Lagen entlang der Blöcke gemäß
Bei der Lösung nach
Aus der
Aus der
Die
Aus dem Vorgenannten ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein weiterentwickeltes Verfahren zur Herstellung von Spannbetonfertigteilen anzugeben, welche eingegossene oder eingeformte Befestigungseinrichtungen oder Einbauteile aufweisen, wobei es sich hier um Spannbetonschwellen oder Spannbetonweichenschwellen mit Mitteln zur Schienenbefestigung handelt. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sollen sowohl für die sogenannte Long-Line-Fertigung als auch die Umlauffertigung von Schwellen geeignet sein, wobei alle unterschiedlichen Geometrien und Lagen der Schienenbefestigungspunkte der einzelnen Schwellen im Formteil realisierbar sind. Auf einen aufwändigen Wechsel von Bodenblechen oder Matrizen, wie beim Stand der Technik erforderlich, soll verzichtet werden.From the above, it is the object of the invention to provide a further developed method for the production of prestressed precast concrete parts which have cast or molded fastening devices or built-in parts, these being prestressed concrete sleepers or prestressed concrete turnout sleepers with means for rail fastening. The method according to the invention should be suitable for both the so-called long-line production and the circulation production of sleepers, with all different geometries and positions of the rail fastening points of the individual sleepers being able to be implemented in the molded part. A laborious change of base plates or matrices, as is necessary in the prior art, should be dispensed with.
Auch ist die Möglichkeit zu schaffen, das sogenannte Sickenrissrisiko bei der Herstellung von Schwellen zu minimieren.The possibility must also be created of minimizing the so-called bead crack risk in the manufacture of sleepers.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe der Erfindung erfolgt durch ein Verfahren gemäß der Lehre nach Patentanspruch 1.The object of the invention is achieved by a method according to the teaching of
Verfahrensseitig wird zur Herstellung von Spannbetonfertigteilen, welche eingegossene oder eingeformte Befestigungseinrichtungen oder Einbauteile aufweisen, nämlich von Spannbetonschwellen oder Spannbetonweichenschwellen mit Mitteln zur Schienenbefestigung von einem an sich bekannten Formenbett ausgegangen, um entsprechende Formteile durch Gießen zu erzeugen. Das Formenbett nimmt dabei eine Vielzahl von Spannstählen auf.On the process side, a known mold bed is used as a starting point for the production of pre-stressed concrete parts which have cast or molded-in fastening devices or built-in parts, namely prestressed concrete sleepers or prestressed concrete turnout sleepers with means for rail fastening, in order to produce corresponding molded parts by casting. The mold bed can accommodate a variety of prestressing steels.
Weiterhin können zwischen den Formteilen und/oder in den Endbereichen des Formenbettes Abstellkästen oder Abstellbleche eingesetzt werden, so dass unterschiedlich lange Formenteile herstellbar sind. Nach dem Aushärten des Betons werden die Formteile aus dem jeweiligen Formenbett in an sich bekannter Weise entnommen, wobei die Spannstähle in vorbestimmten Bereichen durchtrennbar sind.Furthermore, storage boxes or shelves can be used between the molded parts and / or in the end regions of the mold bed, so that molded parts of different lengths can be produced. After the concrete has hardened, the molded parts are removed from the respective mold bed in a manner known per se, the prestressing steels being able to be severed in predetermined areas.
Es sind im Formenbett oder im Formentrog von Befestigungs-einrichtungen und Einbauteilen freie Bodenbleche eingebracht oder es werden mit derartigen Bodenblechen versehene Formenbetten eingesetzt.Free base plates are placed in the mold bed or in the mold trough by fastening devices and built-in parts, or mold beds provided with such base plates are used.
Je nach gewünschten Längenabmessungen des Formteiles, beispielsweise einer Spannbetonweichenschwelle, werden die Abstellkästen oder die Abstellbleche gesetzt und die Befestigungseinrichtungen oder Einbauteile maßgenau auf dem jeweiligen Bodenblech mittels permanent-magnetischen Halteeinrichtungen fixiert.Depending on the desired length dimensions of the molded part, for example a prestressed concrete switch sleeper, the storage boxes or the storage plates are set and the fastening devices or built-in parts are fixed precisely to the respective base plate by means of permanent magnetic holding devices.
Das Einsetzen der Befestigungseinrichtungen oder Einbauteile mit Hilfe der permanentmagnetischen Halteeinrichtungen kann dabei unterstützt mit einer Setzlehre ausgeführt werden.The insertion of the fastening devices or built-in parts with the aid of the permanent magnetic holding devices can be carried out with the aid of a setting jig.
Bei mit stirnseitigen Abschlusswänden versehenen Formenbetten kann auf das Einbringen von Abstellblechen oder Abstellkästen gegebenenfalls auch verzichtet werden.In the case of mold beds provided with end walls, it is also possible to dispense with the introduction of storage sheets or storage boxes.
Die permanentmagnetischen Halteeinrichtungen können beispielsweise in Form eines Bolzens oder eines Stiftes ausgeführt werden, wobei im Befestigungsbereich eine entsprechende Anzahl von Permanentmagneten eingesetzt ist. Über einen derartigen Bolzen oder Stift kann dann ein Befestigungsdübel geschoben werden, der später vom Beton umgossen und im Beton fixiert ist.The permanent magnetic holding devices can be designed, for example, in the form of a bolt or a pin, with a corresponding number of permanent magnets being used in the fastening area. A fastening dowel can then be pushed over such a bolt or pin, which is later encased by the concrete and fixed in the concrete.
Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfassen die Befestigungseinrichtungen oder die Einbauteile einen mehrfach verwendbaren Formkörper zur Ausbildung von Sicken im Formteil und/oder einen Dübelhalter wie vorerwähnt. Der Formkörper und der Dübelhalter können dabei einstückig aber auch mehrteilig ausgeführt sein.In one embodiment of the invention, the fastening devices or the built-in parts comprise a molded body that can be used repeatedly for forming beads in the molded part and / or a dowel holder as mentioned above. The molded body and the dowel holder can be made in one piece but also in several parts.
Die Abstellkästen oder die Abstellbleche weisen bei einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung einen Fußabschnitt zur Aufnahme eines oder mehrerer Permanentmagneten auf und werden ebenfalls permanentmagnetisch am Bodenblech oder seitlichen Formenblechen fixiert.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the storage boxes or the storage plates have a foot section for receiving one or more permanent magnets and are also permanently magnetically fixed to the base plate or lateral shaped plates.
Im Sinne einer automatisierten Fertigung bei der Herstellung von Spannbetonteilen, besteht die Möglichkeit, die Befestigungseinrichtungen oder Einbauteile nebst den permanentmagnetischen Halteeinrichtungen mittels Pick-and-Place-Robotik automatisiert zu setzen.In terms of automated production in the manufacture of prestressed concrete parts, there is the possibility of automatically setting the fastening devices or built-in parts in addition to the permanent magnetic holding devices by means of pick-and-place robotics.
Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt das Fixieren der Befestigungseinrichtungen, Einbauteile, Abstellkästen und/oder Abstellbleche mittels schaltbaren, permanentmagnetische Eigenschaften aufweisenden Halteeinrichtungen.According to the invention, the fastening devices, built-in parts, storage boxes and / or storage panels are fixed by means of switchable holding devices having permanent magnetic properties.
Insofern kann beim Setzen der Halteeinrichtungen der Permanentmagnet deaktiviert werden, wodurch sich Lagekorrekturen bis zum endgültigen Erreichen der gewünschten Positionen der Halteeinrichtungen in leichterer Weise realisieren lassen.In this respect, the permanent magnet can be deactivated when the holding devices are set, as a result of which position corrections can be implemented more easily until the desired positions of the holding devices are finally reached.
Erfindungsgemäß ist die Befestigungseinrichtung als metallische Sickenplatte mit vormontierten Dübeln ausgebildet, wobei an der vorgesehenen Position im Formenbett ein schaltbarer Permanentmagnet angeordnet ist oder eingesetzt wird, um die Sickenplatte in ihrer Lage bezogen auf das Formenbett zu fixieren, wobei vor dem Umspannen bzw. Entspannen der Spannstähle die permanentmagnetische Fixierung aufgehoben wird, derart, dass eine Lageverschiebung der Sickenplatte erfolgen kann. Aufgrund dieser erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wird eine Sickenrissbildung im Formteil vermieden.According to the invention, the fastening device is designed as a metallic beaded plate with pre-assembled dowels, a switchable permanent magnet being arranged or used at the intended position in the mold bed to fix the beaded plate in its position in relation to the mold bed, with the prestressing steels being reclamped or relaxed the permanent magnetic fixation is canceled in such a way that the bead plate can be shifted in position. Due to this solution according to the invention, the formation of bead cracks in the molded part is avoided.
Die schaltbaren Permanentmagneten können sowohl ortsfest als auch verschieblich, jedoch lagefixierbar im Formenbett angeordnet werden.The switchable permanent magnets can be both stationary and movable, but can be fixed in position in the mold bed.
In Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen metallischen Sickenplatte mit vormontierten Dübeln als Befestigungseinrichtung ist zwischen der Sickenplatte und dem Formenbett eine temporäre, elastische Dichtung eingesetzt.In a further development of the metallic bead plate according to the invention with preassembled dowels as a fastening device, a temporary, elastic seal is inserted between the bead plate and the mold bed.
Die elastische Dichtung verschließt das Formenbett hin zu einem Formentrog, in welchem sich das Formenbett befindet und ermöglicht beim Umspannen die horizontale Bewegung der Sickenplatte.The elastic seal closes the mold bed to a mold trough in which the mold bed is located and enables the horizontal movement of the beaded plate when it is reclamped.
Das Formenbett kann selbst integral ausgebildete Abstellbleche oder Abstellkästen aufweisen und insofern bereits über feste Seitenwände verfügen, die Aussparungen zum Hindurchführen der Spannstähle besitzen.The mold bed itself can have integral shelves or storage boxes and in this respect already have fixed side walls that have recesses for leading through the prestressing steel.
Die nicht erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Spannbetonfertigteilen geht davon aus, dass die jeweiligen Befestigungseinrichtungen oder Einbauteile von einer Halteeinrichtung aufgenommen werden. Die Halteeinrichtung ist alsThe device not according to the invention for the production of prestressed concrete precast elements is based on the fact that the respective fastening devices or built-in parts are received by a holding device. The holding device is as
Bolzen, Stift, Stempel, Platte oder dergleichen Mittel ausgeführt, wobei mindestens Abschnitte dieses Mittels permanentmagnetisch oder permanentmagnetisch schaltbar sind oder mindestens einen schaltbaren oder nicht schaltbaren Permanentmagneten aufnehmen.Bolt, pin, stamp, plate or the like means executed, at least portions of this means being permanently magnetically or permanently magnetically switchable or receiving at least one switchable or non-switchable permanent magnet.
In Weiterbildung der Vorrichtung ist ein Formkörper, insbesondere ausgebildet als Sickenplatte, schaltbar permanentmagnetisch ausgebildet, nimmt einen solchen schaltbaren Permanentmagneten auf oder besteht aus einem ferromagnetischen Material, das mit einem schaltbaren Permanentmagneten in Wechselwirkung treten kann.In a further development of the device, a molded body, in particular designed as a beaded plate, is designed to be switchable permanent magnet, accommodates such a switchable permanent magnet or consists of a ferromagnetic material that can interact with a switchable permanent magnet.
Im Formenbett oder im Formentrog oder unterhalb des Formentroges ist mindestens ein Magnet, insbesondere ein schaltbarer Permanentmagnet vorgesehen, um die Halteeinrichtung und/oder den Formkörper lösbar zu fixieren.In the mold bed or in the mold trough or below the mold trough, at least one magnet, in particular a switchable permanent magnet, is provided in order to releasably fix the holding device and / or the molded body.
Darüber hinaus ist die Verwendung der beschriebenen Vorrichtung sowohl in Umlauf- als auch Long-Line-Fertigungsanlagen zur Herstellung von Spannbetonfertigteilen.In addition, the device described can be used in both circulating and long-line production systems for the production of pre-stressed concrete parts.
Die Erfindung soll nachstehend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles sowie unter Zuhilfenahme von Figuren näher erläutert werden.The invention is to be explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment and with the aid of figures.
Hierbei zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Ansicht eines Formenbettes mit metallischem, ferromagnetischem Bodenblech und zwei eingesetzten Halteeinrichtungen, einerseits ein Formteil für eine Sicke bildend sowie andererseits als Dübelhalter dienend, wobei in der Figur bereits Kunststoffdübel auf die bolzenartigen Halteeinrichtungen aufgeschoben sind;
- Fig. 2
- ein Blick in eine Formengruppe mit mehreren Formenbetten, eingesetzt in Halteeinrichtungen, welche Befestigungsdübel aufnehmen;
- Fig. 3
- eine Unteransicht einer Halteeinrichtung, die den bereits erwähnten Formkörper zur Ausbildung einer Sicke und einen Dübelhalter umfasst, mit erkennbaren, eingesetzten Permanentmagnetstreifen;
- Fig. 4
- eine Unteransicht eines Abstellbleches mit Halteeinrichtung in Form eines Fußabschnittes, wobei im Fußabschnitt ein Permanentmagnet eingesetzt ist;
- Fig. 5a-c
- prinzipielle Längsschnittdarstellungen durch ein Formenbett zur Herstellung von Gleisschwellen, die neben Befestigungsdübeln Sicken aufweisen, welche mit Sickenplatten beim Formen des Spannbetonteiles erzeugt werden, wobei die
Fig. 5a den Zustand der positionierten Sickenplatte mit vormontierten Dübeln, eingelegt in das Formbett und aktivierten, das heißt geschalteten Permanentmagneten darstellt, weiter inFig. 5b den Zustand symbolisiert, nachdem die Schwelle betoniert wurde und wobei zum Umspannen der schaltbare Permanentmagnet nicht aktiviert ist und wobei weiterhin mit derFig. 5c das angedeutete Entschalen und Entnehmen der fertigen Schwelle aus der Form symbolisiert ist; und - Fig. 6
- einen Querschnitt einer Weichenschwellen-Spannbahn mit Varianten der Magnetfixierung von Halteeinrichtungen.
- Fig. 1
- a view of a mold bed with metallic, ferromagnetic bottom plate and two inserted holding devices, on the one hand forming a molded part for a bead and on the other hand serving as a dowel holder, with plastic dowels already being pushed onto the bolt-like holding devices in the figure;
- Fig. 2
- a view of a group of molds with several mold beds, used in holding devices which receive fastening dowels;
- Fig. 3
- a bottom view of a holding device, which comprises the already mentioned molded body for forming a bead and a dowel holder, with recognizable, inserted permanent magnet strips;
- Fig. 4
- a bottom view of a shelf with holding device in the form of a foot portion, wherein a permanent magnet is used in the foot portion;
- Figures 5a-c
- Basic longitudinal sectional representations through a mold bed for the production of track sleepers which, in addition to fastening dowels, have beads that are produced with bead plates when the prestressed concrete part is formed, the
Figure 5a shows the state of the positioned bead plate with pre-assembled dowels, inserted into the mold bed and activated, i.e. switched permanent magnets, further inFigure 5b symbolizes the state after the threshold has been concreted and wherein the switchable permanent magnet is not activated for reclamping and continues with theFigure 5c the indicated demoulding and removal of the finished threshold from the mold is symbolized; and - Fig. 6
- a cross section of a turnout sleeper tensioning track with variants of the magnetic fixation of holding devices.
Die
Weiterhin sind im gezeigten Beispiel zwei permanentmagnetische Halteeinrichtungen dargestellt.Furthermore, two permanent magnetic holding devices are shown in the example shown.
Diese Halteeinrichtungen umfassen einen Formkörper 3, z.B. zur Ausbildung einer Sicke im Formteil und einen Dübelhalter 4. Der Dübelhalter 4 ist als Stift oder Bolzen realisiert und nimmt bereits die späteren Befestigungsdübel 5 auf.These holding devices comprise a molded
Rechtseitig ist in der
Die
Die
Mit der
Bei dem Verfahrensablauf, symbolisiert durch die Längsschnittdarstellungs-Bildfolge nach den
Eine mit Dübeln 14 versehene entsprechend vormontierte Sickenplatte 15 wird im Bereich des Bodens der Form 13 innerhalb eines Formentroges 16 mit Hilfe eines schaltbaren Permanentmagneten 17 fixiert.A correspondingly
Dieses Fixieren erfolgt lagegenau, wobei die vorbereiteten Sickenplatten mit Trennmittel behandelt wurden.This fixation takes place precisely, the prepared beading plates were treated with release agent.
Nach Einbringen der Spannstähle 18 und Einfüllen des Betons 19 nebst Aushärten desselben wird vor dem Umspannen, das heißt dem Entspannen durch Lösen der Spanndrahthalter 20 der schaltbare Permanentmagnet 17 deaktiviert. Während des Umspannens können sich daher die entsprechenden Sickenplatten 15 verschieben, so dass das Risiko der außerordentlich problematischen Sickenrissbildung deutlich minimiert wird. Spannungsspitzen, die ansonsten zur Rissbildung führen, werden von vornherein vermieden.After the prestressing steels 18 have been introduced and the concrete 19 has been poured in, together with the hardening of the same, the switchable
Nach Reinigung der Form und Wiedereinsetzen einer mit Dübeln 14 vormontierten Sickenplatte 17 kann der Fertigungsvorgang von Neuem beginnen. Der Zustand des Ausschalens mit in Pfeilrichtung erfolgendem Entfernen der quasi fertigen Schwelle ist in der
Zwischen der Sickenplatte 15 und dem Formenbett ist eine temporäre, elastische Dichtung 21 eingesetzt.A temporary,
Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung besteht darin, dass in oder mit der gleichen Form sofort ein anderes Formteil gefertigt werden kann. Bisher erforderliche aufwendige Umbauten der Formen für verschiedene Befestigungssysteme können entfallen, so dass eine flexiblere Fertigung möglich ist.Another advantage of the solution according to the invention is that another molded part can be manufactured immediately in or with the same mold. Complex modifications of the molds previously required for different fastening systems can be dispensed with, so that more flexible production is possible.
Die
Im rechten Bildteil ist die Fixierung mittels einer permanentmagnetischen Halteeinrichtung 3 am Boden bzw. Bodenblech 2 des Formentroges 1 dargestellt.In the right part of the figure, the fixation by means of a permanent
Im linken Bildteil ist eine Alternative der magnetischen Befestigung illustriert.An alternative to magnetic fastening is illustrated in the left part of the picture.
Hierbei befindet sich ein über die gesamte Länge der Spannbahn fixer oder aber auch ein oder mehrere verschiebliche Magnete 22 unterhalb des Bodenbleches 2 des Formentroges 1.In this case, a
In diesem Falle besteht der Formkörper 3 zur Ausbildung von Sicken im Formteil und zur Aufnahme des Dübels 5 aus einem metallischen Material. Das An- oder Einbringen von Magneten bezüglich der Halteeinrichtung 3 ist nicht erforderlich.In this case, the molded
Mit dem Bezugszeichen 23 sind die Feldlinien der jeweiligen Magnetfelder angedeutet.The field lines of the respective magnetic fields are indicated with the
Claims (6)
- A method for producing prestressed concrete parts, which include cast-in-place or formed-in-place fastening devices or installation parts, namely sleepers of prestressed concrete or switches-sleepers of prestressed concrete with means for rail fastening, wherein in at least one molding bed, molded parts are generated by casting, and the molding bed receives a plurality of stressing tendons (8), furthermore between the molded parts and/or in the end areas of the molding bed, storing boxes or storing plates (6) are inserted, and after hardening of the concrete, the molded parts are removed from the respective molding bed, wherein into the molding bed, bottom plates that are free from fastening devices or installation parts are introduced, or molding beds provided with such bottom plates and representing a trough are inserted, the storing boxes or storing plates (6) are placed depending on the desired length dimensions of the molded part, and the fastening devices or installation parts are fixed in dimensional accuracy on the respective bottom plate by means of permanent magnetic retaining devices (3; 5),
characterized in that
fixing of the fastening devices, installation parts, storing boxes and/or storing plates (6) is performed by means of switchable permanent magnetic retaining devices, wherein the fastening device is formed as a metallic bead plate (15) having pre-assembled dowels (14), furthermore, at the predetermined position within the molding bed (16), a switchable permanent magnet (17) is disposed or inserted in order to fix the bead plate (15) in its position with respect to the molding bed (16), wherein, prior to re-stressing or de-stressing of the stressing tendons (18), the permanent magnetic fixation is cancelled such that a position displacement of the bead plate (15) can be performed, whereby a bead crack formation within the molded part is avoidable. - The method according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the fastening devices or installation parts comprise a multi-use molded body (3) for forming beads in the molded part, and/or a dowel holder (4). - The method according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the switchable permanent magnet (17) or the switchable permanent magnets (17) is or are arranged to be stationary or displaceable but fixable in position within the molding bed (13; 16). - The method according to claim 1 or 3,
characterized in that
a temporary elastic seal (21) is inserted between the bead plate (15) and the molding bed. - The method according to claim 4,
characterized in that
the elastic seal (21) closes the molding bed towards a molding through (16), in which the molding bed (13) is located. - The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that
the molding bed has integrally formed storing plates or storing boxes, or side walls, respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL18178380T PL3424662T3 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2018-06-19 | Method for producing prestressed concrete parts |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017113986 | 2017-06-23 | ||
| DE102017125152.9A DE102017125152B4 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2017-10-26 | Process for the production of prestressed concrete sleepers or prestressed concrete switch rails |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3424662A1 EP3424662A1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
| EP3424662B1 true EP3424662B1 (en) | 2021-06-09 |
Family
ID=62841796
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18178380.4A Active EP3424662B1 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2018-06-19 | Method for producing prestressed concrete parts |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3424662B1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL3424662T3 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111452210B (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2021-03-23 | 苏州杰通建筑工业有限公司 | Production method of fine prefabricated beam of embedded steel plate for accurately positioning curtain wall installation |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE415868B (en) | 1978-12-05 | 1980-11-10 | A Betong Ab | SET TO MANUFACTURE CONCRETE SLIPPING BULK AND MATERIAL SETUP FOR EXECUTION OF THE SET |
| JP2614733B2 (en) * | 1987-11-12 | 1997-05-28 | 大和工業株式会社 | Manufacturing method of PC sleeper |
| SE470359B (en) | 1992-06-18 | 1994-01-31 | Abetong Teknik Ab | Methods of manufacture of a concrete gear grinder block as well as matrix and matrix set for use in application of the method |
| DE4237466C2 (en) | 1992-11-06 | 2002-01-17 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag | Device for fastening a built-in part in a formwork for producing prefabricated components made of concrete |
| US20080139321A1 (en) * | 2006-10-20 | 2008-06-12 | Jvi Magnetics, Inc. | Splice sleeve magnet assembly and method thereof |
| CN203045966U (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-07-10 | 北京中铁房山桥梁有限公司 | Magnetic rubber separating plate |
-
2018
- 2018-06-19 EP EP18178380.4A patent/EP3424662B1/en active Active
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| PL3424662T3 (en) | 2021-11-08 |
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