EP3497039B1 - Beverage capsule for preparation of beverages - Google Patents
Beverage capsule for preparation of beverages Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3497039B1 EP3497039B1 EP18705544.7A EP18705544A EP3497039B1 EP 3497039 B1 EP3497039 B1 EP 3497039B1 EP 18705544 A EP18705544 A EP 18705544A EP 3497039 B1 EP3497039 B1 EP 3497039B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- capsule
- woven fabric
- sieve
- mesh
- net
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
- B65D85/70—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for
- B65D85/804—Disposable containers or packages with contents which are mixed, infused or dissolved in situ, i.e. without having been previously removed from the package
- B65D85/8043—Packages adapted to allow liquid to pass through the contents
Definitions
- the invention relates to a portion capsule for producing a beverage such as coffee or tea in a beverage device with a capsule which is closed at its outlet end by a housing base having a beverage outlet and forms an opening at the opposite inlet end which is closed by a film which is covered by a Device can be perforated in order to press water into the interior of the capsule, the beverage substrate being located within the interior of the capsule or the interior of an inner capsule lying in the capsule, with an inner plate being arranged parallel to the floor above the base of the capsule or the inner capsule .
- beverage capsules are known in a wide variety of designs from the patent literature.
- consumers often want the beverage flowing out of the capsule, in particular the coffee in the cup, to form a dense foam on its upper side.
- the object of the invention is to improve a beverage capsule, in particular for making a coffee, in such a way that it can be used to produce a beverage, in particular a coffee with dense foam.
- the inner panel has notches and/or grooves on its outer edge to limit the flow of water, and in that a sieve, grid, mesh, fleece, perforated film or fabric is arranged to cover the inner panel.
- the combination of the notches and/or grooves on the outer edge of the inner panel with the sieve, grid, net, fleece, perforated film or fabric (as a mesh) arranged on the inner panel produces a foam that is improved in quantity and density.
- the notches and/or grooves have the function of preventing dripping after the end of the brewing process.
- the rotationally symmetrical beverage capsule 1 is intended as a portion capsule to be used in a beverage device, in particular a coffee or tea machine, in order to create a beverage, in particular coffee or tea, from a substrate, granulate or powder located inside the capsule.
- the portion capsule 1 has an interior as a substrate chamber 2 in which the substrate, granulate or powder is located and which is enclosed by the pot-shaped capsule 1 .
- the capsule 1 is open to one side, in this case the inlet end 3, which opening is closed by a film or foil 4 stapled to the flange-shaped rim 5 of the opening so that the opening is securely closed. After the film/foil 4 has been pierced by a tube, in particular a lance 6, the liquid, in particular hot or cold water, passes through the tube/lance under pressure into the interior of the capsule.
- a perforated plate 7 is fastened parallel to the capsule floor 8 and parallel to the upper cover film 4, which divides the interior into an upper space A and a lower space B.
- the water reaches the upper space A through the lance 6 and the water flows through the holes in the perforated plate 7 into the lower space B storing the beverage substrate or into the substrate chamber 2.
- the holes are arranged at regular intervals in the perforated plate 7, so that the water is evenly distributed in the substrate.
- the capsule 1 or its outer jacket tapers towards its capsule base 8 which has a beverage outlet 9 .
- the capsule 1 there is a circular inner plate 10 parallel to the film/foil 4 which closes the space B or the substrate chamber 2 at the bottom so that there is an intermediate space as the outlet space 11 between the inner plate 10 and the capsule base 8 .
- the inner plate 10 is clamped, pressed in, molded or welded to the capsule wall 12 .
- a sieve, grid, net, fleece 15, perforated film or fabric also referred to as mesh
- perforated film or fabric also referred to as mesh
- the sieve, grid, net, fleece 15, perforated film or fabric is made of polypropylene so that it can be welded into the polypropylene capsule and has a weight of 40 to 80 grams, preferably 60 grams per m 2 .
- the sieve, grid, net, fleece 15, perforated film or fabric has a thickness of 0.2 to 0.8 mm, preferably 0.44 mm. Furthermore, it has an air permeability of 900 to 1300 L/min/dm 2 , in particular 1150 L/min/dm 2 .
- the sieve, grid, mesh, fleece 15, perforated film or fabric has the function of a filter, which on the one hand ensures that the grooves or notches 13 located on the outer edge 24 of the inner plate 10 do not become clogged and that together with the notches and/or Grooves of the inner panel 10 through the flow delay, a dense foam is formed. Optimum foam results were achieved when using a fleece made of polypropylene fibers.
- a perforated plate 7 can be seen, which has the task of calming and distributing the liquid.
- a perforated plate can also be absent.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Apparatus For Making Beverages (AREA)
- Tea And Coffee (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Portionskapsel zum Herstellen eines Getränkes wie Kaffee oder Tee in einer Getränkevorrichtung mit einer Kapsel, die an ihrem Auslassende durch einen Getränkeauslass aufweisenden Gehäuseboden verschlossen ist und an dem gegenüberliegenden Einlassende eine Öffnung bildet, die durch eine Folie verschlossen ist, die von einer Einrichtung perforierbar ist, um Wasser in das Kapselinnere zu pressen, wobei sich innerhalb des Innenraums der Kapsel oder des Innenraums einer in der Kapsel einliegenden Innenkapsel das Getränke-Substrat befindet, wobei oberhalb des Bodens der Kapsel oder der Innenkapsel eine Innenplatte parallel zum Boden angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a portion capsule for producing a beverage such as coffee or tea in a beverage device with a capsule which is closed at its outlet end by a housing base having a beverage outlet and forms an opening at the opposite inlet end which is closed by a film which is covered by a Device can be perforated in order to press water into the interior of the capsule, the beverage substrate being located within the interior of the capsule or the interior of an inner capsule lying in the capsule, with an inner plate being arranged parallel to the floor above the base of the capsule or the inner capsule .
Solche Getränkekapseln sind in den unterschiedlichsten Ausführungen aus der Patentliteratur bekannt. Hierbei haben die Verbraucher oft den Wunsch, dass das aus der Kapsel strömende Getränk, insbesondere der Kaffee in der Tasse auf seiner Oberseite einen dichten Schaum bildet.Such beverage capsules are known in a wide variety of designs from the patent literature. Here, consumers often want the beverage flowing out of the capsule, in particular the coffee in the cup, to form a dense foam on its upper side.
Aus der
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Getränkekapsel insbesondere zum Erstellen eines Kaffees so zu verbessern, dass durch sie ein Getränk insbesondere ein Kaffee mit dichtem Schaum erzeugbar ist.The object of the invention is to improve a beverage capsule, in particular for making a coffee, in such a way that it can be used to produce a beverage, in particular a coffee with dense foam.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Innenplatte an ihrem Außenrand Kerben und/oder Nuten zum begrenzten Durchfluss des Wassers aufweist, und dass auf der Innenplatte ein Sieb, Gitter, Netz, Vlies, perforierte Folie oder Gewebe abdeckend angeordnet ist.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the inner panel has notches and/or grooves on its outer edge to limit the flow of water, and in that a sieve, grid, mesh, fleece, perforated film or fabric is arranged to cover the inner panel.
Durch die Kombination der am Außenrand der Innenplatte befindlichen Kerben und/oder Nuten mit dem/der auf der Innenplatte angeordneten Sieb, Gitter, Netz, Vlies, perforierten Folie oder Gewebe (als Mesh) wird ein in der Menge und Dichte verbesserter Schaum erzeugt. Zudem haben die Kerben und/oder Nuten die Funktion, ein Nachtropfen nach dem Ende des Brühvorgangs zu vermeiden.The combination of the notches and/or grooves on the outer edge of the inner panel with the sieve, grid, net, fleece, perforated film or fabric (as a mesh) arranged on the inner panel produces a foam that is improved in quantity and density. In addition, the notches and/or grooves have the function of preventing dripping after the end of the brewing process.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführt.Advantageous configurations are listed in the dependent claims.
Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden im Folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- eine Getränkekapsel ohne Innenkapsel im axialen Schnitt,
- Fig. 2
- eine Getränkekapsel mit Innenkapsel im axialen Schnitt.
- 1
- a beverage capsule without inner capsule in axial section,
- 2
- a beverage capsule with inner capsule in axial section.
Die erfindungsgemäße rotationssymmetrische Getränkekapsel 1 ist als Portionskapsel dazu vorgesehen, in einer Getränkevorrichtung insbesondere einer Kaffee- oder Teemaschine eingesetzt zu werden, um ein Getränk insbesondere Kaffee oder Tee aus einem Substrat, Granulat oder Pulver zu schaffen, das sich innerhalb der Kapsel befindet. Die Portionskapsel 1 weist einen Innenraum als Substratkammer 2 auf, in der sich das Substrat, Granulat oder Pulver befindet und der von der topfförmigen Kapsel 1 umschlossen ist. Die Kapsel 1 ist zu einer Seite, in diesem Fall dem Einlassende 3 geöffnet, wobei diese Öffnung durch einen Film oder eine Folie 4 geschlossen ist, die auf dem flanschförmigen Rand 5 der Öffnung aufgeheftet ist, so dass die Öffnung sicher verschlossen ist. Nach einem Durchstechen des Films/der Folie 4 durch ein Rohr insbesondere eine Lanze 6 gelangt durch das Rohr/die Lanze die Flüssigkeit insbesondere heißes oder kaltes Wasser unter Druck in den Innenraum der Kapsel.The rotationally symmetrical beverage capsule 1 according to the invention is intended as a portion capsule to be used in a beverage device, in particular a coffee or tea machine, in order to create a beverage, in particular coffee or tea, from a substrate, granulate or powder located inside the capsule. The portion capsule 1 has an interior as a
Innerhalb des Innenraums 2 der Kapsel 1 ist eine Lochplatte 7 parallel zum Kapselboden 8 und parallel zur oberen Abdeckfolie 4 befestigt, die den Innenraum in einen Oberraum A und einen Unterraum B trennt. In den Oberraum A gelangt das Wasser durch die Lanze 6 und über die Löcher in der Lochplatte 7 fließt das Wasser in den das Getränke-Substrat speichernden Unterraum B bzw. in die Substratkammer 2. Die Löcher sind in der Lochplatte 7 in regelmäßigen Abständen angeordnet, so dass das Wasser im Substrat gleichmäßig verteilt wird.Inside the
Die Kapsel 1 bzw. ihr Außenmantel verjüngt sich zu ihrem Kapselboden 8 hin, der einen Getränkeauslass 9 aufweist. In der Kapsel 1 liegt eine kreisförmige Innenplatte 10 parallel zum Film/Folie 4 ein, die den Raum B bzw. die Substratkammer 2 nach unten verschließt, so dass zwischen der Innenplatte 10 und dem Kapselboden 8 ein Zwischenraum als Auslassraum 11 besteht. Die Innenplatte 10 ist an der Kapselwand 12 klemmend, eingeprellt, angeformt oder angeschweißt gehalten. Im kreisförmigen Außenrand 14 der Innenplatte 10 befinden sich zahlreiche Kerben und/oder Nuten 13, die ein Durchströmen des aus dem Innenraum 2 der Kapsel kommenden Wassers begrenzt zulassen, so dass das unter Druck stehende Wasser den Außenraum 14 umströmt, um zu dem Getränkeauslass 9 im Boden 8 zu gelangen. Hierdurch wird eine Fließverzögerung erreicht und zudem verhindert, dass das Wasser aus der Portionskapsel heraus nachtropft.The capsule 1 or its outer jacket tapers towards its capsule base 8 which has a beverage outlet 9 . In the capsule 1 there is a circular
Auf der Oberseite der Innenplatte 10 und damit auf der Oberseite des Bodens der Substratkammer 2 liegt ein Sieb, Gitter, Netz, Vlies 15, perforierte Folie oder Gewebe (auch als mesh bezeichnet), das in der ausströmenden Getränkeflüssigkeit Schaum erzeugt, der aus der Kapsel austritt. Der äußere ringförmige Rand des Siebes 15 liegt auf dem äußeren ringförmigen Rand 24 des Kapselbodens auf und ist dort vorzugsweise aufgeschweißt oder aufgeklebt.On top of the
Das Sieb, Gitter, Netz, Vlies 15, perforierte Folie oder Gewebe besteht aus Polypropylen, so dass es in der Kapsel aus Polypropylen anschweißbar ist, und besitzt ein Gewicht von 40 bis 80 Gramm vorzugsweise von 60 Gramm pro m2. Das Sieb, Gitter, Netz, Vlies 15, perforierte Folie oder Gewebe besitzt eine Dicke von 0,2 bis 0,8 mm vorzugsweise von 0,44 mm. Ferner besitzt es eine Luftdurchlässigkeit von 900 bis 1300 L/min/dm2 insbesondere von 1150 L/min/dm2. Das Sieb, Gitter, Netz, Vlies 15, perforierte Folie oder Gewebe hat die Funktion eines Filters, das zum einen dafür sorgt, dass die am Außenrand 24 der Innenplatte 10 befindlichen Nuten oder Kerben 13 nicht verstopfen und dass zusammen mit den Kerben und/der Nuten der Innenplatte 10 durch die Fließverzögerung ein dichter Schaum entsteht. Bei Verwendung eines Vlieses aus Polypropylen-Fasern wurden optimale Schaumergebnisse erreicht.The sieve, grid, net,
In
- die die
Substratkammer 2 bildet, - die ähnlich der Ausbildung nach
Fig. 1 durch eineLochplatte 7 in zwei Räume A und B unterteilt ist, - deren obere Öffnung in Höhe der oberen Öffnung der Außenkapsel liegt und durch dieselbe
Folie 4 verschlossen ist, - auf deren
Boden 21 diegleiche Innenplatte 10 liegt mit Nuten, Kerben 13 amPlattenaußenrand 14, - deren
Boden 21linienförmige Schwachstellen 22 aufweist, die durch den Wasserdruck aufreißen, und - auf der Innenplatte ein Sieb, Gitter, Netz,
Vlies 15, perforierte Folie oder Gewebe (als mesh) zum Bilden von Schaum liegt.
- which forms the
substrate chamber 2, - who are similar in training
1 is divided into two rooms A and B by aperforated plate 7, - whose upper opening is level with the upper opening of the outer capsule and is closed by the
same foil 4, - on the
bottom 21 of which the sameinner plate 10 lies with grooves,notches 13 on theouter edge 14 of the plate, - the
bottom 21 has linearweak points 22 that tear open due to the water pressure, and - on the inner plate there is a sieve, grid, net,
fleece 15, perforated film or fabric (as a mesh) for forming foam.
In den beiden in
Claims (10)
- Portion capsule for preparing a beverage such as coffee or tea in a beverage appliance, having a capsule (1) which at the outlet end thereof is closed by a housing base (8) that has a beverage outlet (9), and at the opposite inlet end forms an opening which is closed by a film/foil (4) that for pressing water into the capsule interior is able to be perforated by a device (6), wherein the beverage substrate is situated within the interior of the capsule (1) or within the interior of an inner capsule (20) encapsulated in the capsule, and wherein an internal plate (10) is disposed above the base (8, 21) of the capsule (1) or of the inner capsule (20) so as to be parallel to the base (8, 21), characterized in that the internal plate (10) on the external periphery thereof has notches and/or grooves (13) for a restricted flow of the water, and that a sieve, mesh, net, non-woven fabric (15), perforated film or woven fabric is disposed on the internal plate (10) so as to cover the latter.
- Portion capsule according to Claim 1, characterized in that the sieve, mesh, net, non-woven fabric (15), perforated film or woven fabric lies between the substrate and the internal plate (10).
- Portion capsule according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sieve, mesh, net, non-woven fabric (15), perforated film or woven fabric is composed of polypropylene.
- Portion capsule according to Claim 3, characterized in that the sieve, mesh, net, non-woven fabric (15), perforated film or woven fabric of polypropylene is welded to the inside of the capsule wall of polypropylene.
- Portion capsule according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sieve, mesh, net, non-woven fabric (15), perforated film or woven fabric has a weight per m2 of 40 to 80 grams, preferably of 60 grams.
- Portion capsule according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sieve, mesh, net, non-woven fabric (15), perforated film or woven fabric has a thickness of 0.2 to 0.8 mm, preferably of 0.44 mm.
- Portion capsule according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sieve, mesh, net, non-woven fabric (15), perforated film or woven fabric has an air permeability of 900 to 1300 1/min/dm2, in particular of 1150 1/min/dm2.
- Portion chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base (21) of the inner capsule (20) has weak spots (22) which are torn open by the pressure of the hot water flowing in.
- Portion capsule according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the interior of the inner capsule (20) by a perforated plate (7) or a perforated film/foil is separated into an upper space (A) and a lower space (B), said perforated plate (7) or perforated film/foil being parallel to the base (8) of the capsule (1) or of the inner capsule (20) and distributing the water entering the upper space (A) across the beverage substrate situated in the substrate chamber (2).
- Portion capsule according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the external periphery of the foam-generating sieve, mesh, net, non-woven fabric, perforated film or woven fabric (15) bears on the annular external periphery (24) of the base (8) of the capsule (1), in particular of the inner capsule (20), in particular so as to be welded to said annular external periphery (24).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017000433.1A DE102017000433A1 (en) | 2017-01-19 | 2017-01-19 | Beverage capsule for making a drink |
| PCT/EP2018/000019 WO2018134036A1 (en) | 2017-01-19 | 2018-01-12 | Beverage capsule for producing a beverage |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3497039A1 EP3497039A1 (en) | 2019-06-19 |
| EP3497039B1 true EP3497039B1 (en) | 2022-11-09 |
| EP3497039B8 EP3497039B8 (en) | 2023-01-04 |
Family
ID=61231205
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18705544.7A Active EP3497039B8 (en) | 2017-01-19 | 2018-01-12 | Beverage capsule for preparation of beverages |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3497039B8 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN109996743B (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112019005423B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102017000433A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2934477T3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL3497039T3 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2745649C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018134036A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020157592A1 (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2020-08-06 | Imper S.P.A. | Single-dose capsule for machines delivering infused beverages, in particular coffee |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE69028628T2 (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1997-01-30 | Nestle Sa | Closed cartridge for the preparation of a beverage and method and device for producing the same |
| ITMI20070740A1 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-13 | Rossi Corp S R L | DISPOSABLE CAPSULE OF CONTAINING AN AROMATIC ESSENCE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN INFUSION |
| ATE477200T1 (en) * | 2007-04-18 | 2010-08-15 | Illycaffe Spa | RIGID FILTER FOR CAPSULES SUITABLE FOR BREWING DRINKS, ESPECIALLY ESPRESSO COFFEE |
| IT1395414B1 (en) | 2009-03-20 | 2012-09-14 | Lavazza Luigi Spa | CAPSULE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A BEVERAGE, IN PARTICULAR COFFEE, AND PORTA-CAPSULE GROUP FOR ITS USE |
| DE102009041633A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2011-06-01 | Krüger Gmbh & Co. Kg | Portion capsule and use of a portion capsule |
| DE102009050537A1 (en) | 2009-10-23 | 2011-04-28 | Krüger Gmbh & Co. Kg | Portion capsule and method for producing a portion capsule |
| EP2961671B1 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2017-06-21 | K-fee System GmbH | Portion capsule and method for producing a beverage by means of a portion capsule |
| TWI586302B (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2017-06-11 | 賈碩頎 | Beverage filtering cartridge |
| WO2015022191A1 (en) | 2013-08-14 | 2015-02-19 | Merck Patent Gmbh | High pressure extraction capsule |
| CH709273A2 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2015-08-28 | Delica Ag | Capsule comprising a preferably rotationally symmetrical capsule body. |
| ES2538740B1 (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-05-13 | Fast Eurocafe, S.A. | Capsules and system for the preparation of beverages with activatable opening means |
| ITUB20152711A1 (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2017-02-05 | Ima Spa | BAG - FILTER FOR INFUSION PRODUCTS AND METHOD FOR REALIZING THE BAG - FILTER. |
| ITUA20161349A1 (en) | 2016-03-04 | 2017-09-04 | Bisio Progetti Spa | Improved capsule for the preparation of infusion and soluble beverages |
| CN106073502B (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2017-06-30 | 深圳鼎加弘思饮品科技有限公司 | The beverage ingredient storage container and component of outlet are punctured with dynamic |
-
2017
- 2017-01-19 DE DE102017000433.1A patent/DE102017000433A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-01-12 EP EP18705544.7A patent/EP3497039B8/en active Active
- 2018-01-12 WO PCT/EP2018/000019 patent/WO2018134036A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2018-01-12 PL PL18705544.7T patent/PL3497039T3/en unknown
- 2018-01-12 CN CN201880004111.6A patent/CN109996743B/en active Active
- 2018-01-12 RU RU2019125572A patent/RU2745649C2/en active
- 2018-01-12 ES ES18705544T patent/ES2934477T3/en active Active
- 2018-01-12 BR BR112019005423-5A patent/BR112019005423B1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2019125572A3 (en) | 2021-02-19 |
| ES2934477T3 (en) | 2023-02-22 |
| DE102017000433A1 (en) | 2018-07-19 |
| EP3497039B8 (en) | 2023-01-04 |
| PL3497039T3 (en) | 2023-03-06 |
| BR112019005423B1 (en) | 2023-02-07 |
| CN109996743A (en) | 2019-07-09 |
| CN109996743B (en) | 2021-12-21 |
| WO2018134036A8 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
| WO2018134036A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
| EP3497039A1 (en) | 2019-06-19 |
| RU2745649C2 (en) | 2021-03-30 |
| BR112019005423A2 (en) | 2019-06-18 |
| RU2019125572A (en) | 2021-02-19 |
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