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EP3491312A1 - Sécheur par contact - Google Patents

Sécheur par contact

Info

Publication number
EP3491312A1
EP3491312A1 EP17745331.3A EP17745331A EP3491312A1 EP 3491312 A1 EP3491312 A1 EP 3491312A1 EP 17745331 A EP17745331 A EP 17745331A EP 3491312 A1 EP3491312 A1 EP 3491312A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drying
heating
dried
tubes
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17745331.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3491312B1 (fr
Inventor
Dr. Swantje M. SCHLEDERER
Dr.-Ing. Thomas STEER
Hans Werner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Floradry GmbH
Original Assignee
Floradry GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Floradry GmbH filed Critical Floradry GmbH
Priority to PL17745331T priority Critical patent/PL3491312T3/pl
Publication of EP3491312A1 publication Critical patent/EP3491312A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3491312B1 publication Critical patent/EP3491312B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/18—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by conduction, i.e. the heat is conveyed from the heat source, e.g. gas flame, to the materials or objects to be dried by direct contact
    • F26B3/20—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by conduction, i.e. the heat is conveyed from the heat source, e.g. gas flame, to the materials or objects to be dried by direct contact the heat source being a heated surface, e.g. a moving belt or conveyor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/18—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by rotating helical blades or other rotary conveyors which may be heated moving materials in stationary chambers, e.g. troughs
    • F26B17/20—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by rotating helical blades or other rotary conveyors which may be heated moving materials in stationary chambers, e.g. troughs the axis of rotation being horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F26B21/10—Temperature; Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/18—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by conduction, i.e. the heat is conveyed from the heat source, e.g. gas flame, to the materials or objects to be dried by direct contact
    • F26B3/22—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by conduction, i.e. the heat is conveyed from the heat source, e.g. gas flame, to the materials or objects to be dried by direct contact the heat source and the materials or objects to be dried being in relative motion, e.g. of vibration

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a contact dryer for drying moist material and a method for drying a moist material.
  • the thermal drying of wet goods has always been an important technical process.
  • the material and the liquid contained therein are surrounded by air or other gaseous medium into which the liquid can evaporate.
  • the mixture of gaseous medium and steam is also referred to as vapors.
  • the basic principle of thermal drying is a heat input into the material to be dried.
  • the material to be dried and the liquid contained therein are heated in this case.
  • the actual drying process begins as soon as the temperature of the product reaches the temperature corresponding to the partial pressure of the vapor of the liquid to be dried in the surrounding atmosphere. Physically, this corresponds to a balance between the vapor of the liquid and the liquid on the surface of the product, a balance between condensation and evaporation.
  • This equilibrium state is referred to as saturation state. There is a saturation pressure for each temperature and a saturation temperature for each pressure.
  • the vapor pressure is higher than the saturation pressure, condensation of the vapor occurs due to drop formation. If the vapor pressure is lower than the saturation pressure, the liquid evaporates. When condensing, heat is released, during evaporation, heat is needed. Condensation and evaporation take place until a new equilibrium state has been reached through the material and energy exchange. This equilibrium temperature is also called the dew point.
  • a frequently used process of thermal drying is drying by convection.
  • a gas mostly air
  • the absorption of steam also increases the dew point of the gas.
  • the gas can not be cooled down to the temperature corresponding to the dew point at the beginning of the drying process, but only up to the temperature corresponding to the dew point at the end of the intake of steam. This temperature at the end of the drying process is referred to technically as wet bulb temperature.
  • the expulsion of water is usually done with the help of air.
  • the air is first heated and then brought into contact with the product.
  • the heat applied for heating is used for two main purposes:
  • a generally small proportion is used to heat the goods to the wet bulb temperature.
  • the part of the energy used for evaporation is limited to about 70% of the energy applied. The rest is needed to heat the air to the wet bulb temperature.
  • Convection dryers basically have the property of carrying light particles of the product along with them. As a rule, you therefore need a dust separator. In many biogenic substances, a part of organic compounds is evaporated in addition to the water. These organic compounds are usually odor-laden, so that in addition to the dust separator dryer often also need a so-called biofilter to excrete these odorous organic substances from the exhaust air.
  • the convection dryer In addition to the convection dryer exists as a drying process, the so-called contact drying. In the contact dryer, the material is heated itself and directly by contact with a solid surface.
  • the water to be evaporated is heated above the dew point temperature and evaporated.
  • the dew point temperature is determined by the amount of air entering the contact dryer. By changing this amount of air and the dew point temperature can be changed arbitrarily.
  • the surface temperature of the drying tube is always well above the dew point temperature. In the course of the drying process, less and less water is available on the surface of the material, which can evaporate and thereby absorb the heat transferred from the surface of the drying tube, so that the heat heats the product itself. In the case of a contact dryer, therefore, there is a general tendency for the material to assume the temperature of the surface of the drying tube at the end of the process. Decisive here is always only the part of the surfaces on which the material to be dried and the drying tube touch (contact surface).
  • Another problem of the contact dryer is the heat supply to the surface of the drying tube. As a heat carrier hot water, steam or thermal oil into consideration. This requires separate closed circuits that increase the complexity of the contact dryer and reduce its practicability; this is constructive and procedurally complex and associated with additional costs.
  • the screw shell is designed such that it consists of an inner and an outer wall at a small distance, which usually only in the lower part of the drying tube consists.
  • the space between the two walls also referred to as jacket space
  • the heat carrier whereby the drying tube is heated.
  • a major function of the screw in the prior art is to keep bringing the material to be dried into contact with the hot surface over and over again and to limit the contact time through the continuous movement of the product.
  • Other functions of the screw are in the art, the promotion, the mixing and the ventilation of the material to be dried. If the dryer is tilted, the function of the promotion can also be taken over by a weir at the outlet over which the filling height is set in the screw dryer. In this case, the screw has a pure mixing function, no conveying function.
  • a disadvantage of this method in the prior art is always the direct coupling of the rotation the worm with the heat input, so that this design for relatively dry input materials, such. As mechanically pre-dewatered biomass, only very limited suitable.
  • a drying device for bulk material is known.
  • This drying apparatus combines the contact drying method with a convection drying method in a rotary drum apparatus. After a Nassgutholzgabe the bulk material to be dried is first brought into contact with a heating surface, which are heated in the form of pipes or pipe-like installations by means of hot water or steam. In the conveying direction through the drying device, a convection drying section follows the contact surfaces over the remaining length of the rotary drum. This should combine the advantages of both methods.
  • a disadvantage of this known rotary drum dryer is the continuous rotation of the drum, which is required to move the material to be dried constantly to achieve sufficient and uniform drying during the residence time of the material in the dryer.
  • pre-dewatered sludge is pre-heated in a heat exchanger to 70 to 80 ° C, then introduced into a twin screw contact dryer and there by supplying heat from the outside and by converting the introduced into the material to be dried introduced mechanical energy Kneading in heat after-dried.
  • This twin screw consists of two intermeshing screws, which are arranged side by side in a common housing. The installation space of the individual screw flights are connected. The material to be dried can switch back and forth between the two screws, which is explicitly desired.
  • the twin screw contact dryer is in a heating jacket embedded, which must be heated to 120 ° C to 250 ° C, using hot thermal oil or superheated steam is used.
  • the interior, and thus also the double-walled heating jacket, are each in the form of a horizontal "8" (description column 4, lines 23-30)
  • the construction of the entire drying plant including the jacketed twin-screw contact dryer is relatively complex, which reduces the equipment costs to increase such a sludge drying plant unfavorably.
  • DE 427 584 discloses a method for drying coal on superimposed heating surfaces.
  • heating surfaces are arranged one above the other, wherein the coal to be dried is conveyed by means of endless scraper belts.
  • the coal is first indirectly heated by steam-fed heating pipes are passed through the coal and the coal is then passed through surfaces heated with flue gas.
  • the flue gases are passed in the last drying stage from the flue gas duct, in which they act indirectly on the coal, directly into the both directly with steam and with flue gases indirectly heated drying room.
  • steam and flue gas an energetic improvement of the entire drying process should be achieved. It makes sense to use such a dryer only where large quantities of flue gases are produced.
  • This known drying device is now constructed so that is provided as a main dryer only the remainder of the drying capacity accepting steam dryer.
  • DE 10 2014 1 13 307 A1 discloses inter alia a reactor for producing a fuel gas from mechanically dewatered sludge.
  • the described pyrolysis reactor consists of several Doppelrohr Anlagenübertragern, each having an inner tube with a hollow screw and an outer tube.
  • the sludge to be dried is conveyed in the inner tube by means of the hollow screw, wherein in the outer tube, a heating gas is passed in countercurrent.
  • At least two similar double tube heat exchangers are connected together in a series arrangement. This is to ensure that in the first double tube heat exchanger, the water contained in the sludge is evaporated by heat supply, whereas in other double tube heat exchangers, the sludge is heated to about 550 ° C.
  • Double tube heat exchangers arranged thereafter serve to fuse the organic components in the sludge under exclusion of air to form a solid pyrolysis residue, thereby generating a fuel gas which is fed to an energy recovery by a gas-solid countercurrent flow.
  • the fuel gas is intended for use as a heating gas or for power generation in a CHP.
  • a disadvantage of the known pyrolysis reactor is that the energy supply to the heating gas takes place outside the double tube heat exchanger, whereby energy losses can not be excluded.
  • This invention delt no dryer, but as a method a reactor for coupling a plurality of double tube heat exchanger, which have different tasks in the process and thus different physical characteristics such. B. have the temperature or the chemical composition of the expelled gases. The invention provides no constructive coupling.
  • the object of the present invention is moist material, especially biomass, energetically favorable and energetically effective to dry by means of a dryer simple structural design in a cost effective manner.
  • This object is achieved by a contact dryer with the features according to claim 1 and by a method which works with such a contact dryer, having the features according to claim 10.
  • This type of contact dryer is particularly suitable for drying fibrous, fine-grained, pasty or dusty materials such.
  • fibrous, fine-grained, pasty or dusty materials such as grass, leaves, algae, paper and sewage sludge, fermentation residues, grains, food, sawdust, with or without mechanical predrying, pretreatment or treatment.
  • the contact dryer according to the invention is used for drying moist material, in particular biomass being considered as moist material.
  • the contact dryer according to the invention has in the basic structure at least one drying tube in which by means of a provided inside the conveyor, which may preferably be a screw conveyor, the material to be dried is conveyed through the drying tube, wherein on the outside of the drying tube is a heating medium and the Drying tube and the heating medium are surrounded by a jacket forming a jacket space.
  • the jacket space which preferably has an axial extension, has at least one further drying tube in its interior, wherein the material to be dried can not mix from at least two drying tubes in at least one point in the jacket space.
  • a favorite The preferred solution is, for example, the physical separation of the interiors.
  • the physical separation can be either a common wall design or with custom pipes that could touch. In the case of a physical separation, the offspring are separated from the physically separate areas.
  • There are even design variants are conceivable in which, although the material to be dried can not mix due to raised partitions, but the vapors are withdrawn via a common dome.
  • the individual drying tubes of the contact dryer are preferably coaxial with each other and coaxial with the jacket.
  • the jacket space is insulated to prevent heat loss to the outside. The construction and the equipment required are thus simplified accordingly, the production costs are reduced accordingly.
  • the jacket space limits the spatial expansion range of the heating medium.
  • the jacket space is preferably designed as a cylindrical body, which receives a plurality of drying tubes and includes together.
  • the cylindrical design is particularly suitable to absorb the pressure prevailing in the heating medium (pressure vessel). With this design, heating pressures of up to 40 bar can be achieved, which corresponds to a heating temperature of approx. 250 ° C. This is at usual drying temperatures for biomass of less than 200 ° C, usually even below 100 ° C and heating temperatures of up to 250 ° C, usually even below 160 ° C more than adequate and allowed in any case optimal operation.
  • the jacket space is tubular and each has an end portion in the form of a flat bottom.
  • This has the advantage that the degree of drying to be achieved of the moist material to be dried can also be influenced or determined in addition to the supplied heating power over the length of the contact dryer, depending on the constructively selected design.
  • the tubular basic structure of the jacket space has the additional advantage that it forms the ideal shape of a pressure hull.
  • the drying pipes located in the drying area can easily pass through the shell space at its respective end area. closing lids. This construction is particularly simple, since these covers (preferably flat bottoms) can be easily drilled at least in the areas in which drying tubes are located, after the rolling or deep drawing.
  • the jacket space can also be heated inside. He then has inside a heating area and a drying area, wherein drying pipes are by definition arranged in the drying area and heating pipes by definition in the heating area.
  • a jacket space may also comprise a plurality of heating and / or drying areas.
  • the heating tubes can be arranged coaxially with the drying tubes. This is always advantageous if the heating takes place through a gaseous medium. If a liquid or a condensing gas is used for heating, the installation of serpentine heating pipes is recommended.
  • the jacket space is preferably provided in the lower area according to the invention with tubes through which a medium for heating (heat supply medium) flows.
  • a medium for heating heat supply medium
  • the heat supply medium is preferably hot flue gas from a combustion, but may in principle be any form of hot heat carrier, so for example, thermal oil, liquid metal salts or liquid metals.
  • the hot flue gas may for example also be the exhaust gas of a reciprocating engine or a gas turbine. If the flue gas contains dust or soot constituents, the heating pipes would according to the invention provided with a cleaning facility that can be used either during operation or at a standstill.
  • the flue gas heat supply medium
  • these heating tubes can be arranged according to the invention also directly below the shell space and serve as a hot well (Kondensatsammeiraum) of the jacket.
  • the shell space would be connected in this case via one or more collectors with the heating tubes, unless they are individually and directly connected to the shell space.
  • This arrangement offers various advantages according to the invention.
  • the heat transfer on the air side (heat supply, heat supply medium) is always significantly lower than on the water side (heat absorption).
  • the heated Air heat supply medium
  • the heated Air heat supply medium
  • the size of the dryer can be further reduced.
  • the complete shell space for drying pipes is available, since the space for the heating pipes deleted. Furthermore, eliminates the gap between heating and drying pipes, which is required to absorb the fluctuating water level between cold and warm state and the various benefits.
  • the jacket space is preferably subjected to a heating medium, which changes the phase from vapor to liquid during heat release and condenses on the outer surface of the drying tubes.
  • the condensation temperature corresponds exactly to the dew point temperature at the vapor pressure, which is applied to the shell space.
  • the material to be dried can in no case assume a higher temperature than the surface temperature of the drying tubes.
  • the maximum temperature of the material to be dried can be adjusted very precisely by controlling the pressure of the steam in the shell space.
  • the heating medium may be water vapor. Depending on the desired drying temperature, however, these can also be organic media, typical representatives of which are the commercially available refrigerants.
  • the shell space is only partially filled with the condensate.
  • the remaining space inside the shell is filled by the vapor phase.
  • the vapor pressure can be both above and below the ambient pressure here.
  • the steam or gaseous phase of the heating medium has the advantage that even with a relatively dense and compact arrangement of the individual drying tubes within the drying range, the very good heat transfer during phase change (in this case condensation) ensures sufficient heating and thus efficient drying.
  • the jacket space is then provided with a controlled ventilation and exhaust or to avoid inert gases in the jacket space of the dryer. If the heating medium such as hot water or thermal oil does not change phase, it is preferably pumped or blown from the heating tubes to the drying tubes.
  • the jacket space of the dryer is preferably completely filled with the heating medium, but at least up to above the top row of the drying tubes. If no heating area is provided in the jacket space and the heating medium does not change phase, a forced guidance of the heating medium around the drying pipes is advantageous, for. B. with baffles and several passages to ensure uniform heating of the drying pipes, this would be z. As in thermal oil or hot or hot water of the case.
  • the arrangement according to the invention of the heating region in the jacket space or directly below makes it possible to form the jacket space as a closed pressure body.
  • the shell space works as a self-contained natural circulation steam generator with integrated steam cycle. In operation, it requires no further procedural connections with the environment and no further external units, in particular no connection to an external steam generator, no water treatment and no water treatment. He is considerably cheaper in terms of investment and operating costs. The same applies analogously when using commercially available refrigerants or other substances that change phase. It is only a safety valve required that protects the jacket space against overpressure.
  • the arrangement of the heating in the lower part of the shell and in the form of flue pipes or an external heat exchanger allows even at low power to use a Feststofffeue- tion for heating, without the heat exchanger clogged by the dust loading in the flue gas (heat supply medium).
  • the contact dryer according to the invention is advantageously constructed so that it can be transported in a 20 "or 40" container. It has few and simple outward connections, so it can easily be moved to different locations and deployed there - even for a short time - without having a negative impact on economic viability.
  • the 20 "or 40" container is designed so that it serves as a housing after setting up the contact dryer and z. B. represents a weather protection; The same applies to a possible sound insulation. It is then possible to dispense with a building that requires a building permit, which makes the deployment more flexible.
  • This basic structure of a shell-forming enclosure with at least two drying tubes and possibly one or more heating tubes and with a heating medium in the interior of the shell space has the advantage that the material to be dried is physically separated from the heating medium, so that a cleaning of the heating medium entrained parts of the material to be dried, as is the case in the prior art, is eliminated.
  • the heating medium can be supplied in direct contact with the heating tubes with heat energy supply and deliver this energy in the drying area in the form of heat directly to the drying tubes and from there this heat energy for the purpose of drying to be conveyed to the inside of the drying tube to be dried moist material can result in an effective energy balance of this two-part contact dryer, in which the drying area and the heating area are coupled together via the heating medium, so that the supply of heating medium from the heating area in the drying area and the return of the heating medium from the drying area in the heating area in the simplest way can be realized because no mandatory internals are required within the contact dryer.
  • the screw spiral can also by a soulless helix or any other conveying member such.
  • the conveyor can thus be operated at any speed, allowing the residence time of the material to be dried in the dryer can be set arbitrarily.
  • This type of drying avoids any heating of transport air for the vapors (mixture of air coming into contact with the material to be dried and exiting steam) and allows the full use of the supplied heat to evaporate the water or liquid that is to be expelled.
  • the belt dryer requires air to transport the heat to the material to be dried and is in direct contact with the material and the exiting steam. It mixes with the steam and thus represents a very large amount of gas laden with dust and odorous substances. In the case of the contact dryer according to the invention, no air is required. The amount of vapors can thus be reduced down to the amount of steam that evaporates during drying.
  • a suction device is preferably provided, by means of which dust entrained during drying and expelled vapor, i. the expelled liquid as a gas (ie, for example, as water vapor, also mixed with air and also containing, partly foul-smelling, organic constituents) are sucked and not into the environment long.
  • the exhausted vapors are not diluted too much with air or other gases, the absorbed heat of vaporization can be cooled by heat transfer. recuperate with condensation at a high temperature level.
  • the vapors contain more than 20% vapor, ideally more than 50%.
  • the dryer can advantageously also be heated with the waste heat of the vapors by condensing the vapors after compression at a higher temperature. In this case, you only need the mechanical energy to operate the compressor.
  • the vapors are not diluted with air or other inert gases in these methods of the invention. They can therefore easily be cleaned of the organic substances without voluminous filter systems in small filters.
  • the organic substances can also be further concentrated before purification, if a vapor condensation takes place. The size of the filter is thereby further reduced.
  • the dryer according to the invention is heated by combustion, the vapors produced during the drying can be fed according to the invention directly to the combustion.
  • the organic components are burned directly by the combustion and converted to carbon dioxide and water vapor. If after firing a dust separation is provided, the particles entrained in the drying ideally can be collected together with the ashes of the fuel and disposed of without being released into the atmosphere as a pollutant.
  • the utilization of the vapors in a furnace is an easy way to burn the annoying odor-laden organic substances and also the dust. This is usually forbidden in furnaces with combustion grate, because then usually the integration of the vapors in the air management of the furnace is no longer meaningful, since the required combustion temperatures can no longer be guaranteed.
  • the vapors are used as secondary air in a fluidized bed combustion, which basically consists of a precombustion in the fluidized bed and an afterburning above the fluidized bed (procedurally after the fluidized bed); The fluidized bed combustion operates in this area without excess air, so that the integration can be carried out while maintaining the combustion temperatures.
  • This combination with a fluidized bed has according to the invention the further advantage that the waste heat in the heat transfer medium (flue gas) after leaving the heating pipes of the dryer can be largely used for preheating the combustion air, which is prohibited in a grate firing.
  • the efficiency is thus optimized in a combination of dryer and fluidized bed combustion. This combination not only optimizes the process efficiency. It also advantageously avoids the otherwise costly and expensive use of a biofilter.
  • the heat released during fluidized-bed firing would advantageously be used to heat the dryer.
  • the utilization of sewage sludge would provide optimal synergies. The same applies if a working machine is used in front of the dryer, z.
  • As an ORC system a steam cycle, a Stirling engine or an indirectly heated gas turbine.
  • the vapors would preferably be added in the pre-combustion.
  • the material to be dried and the dried material need not come into contact with oxygen-containing air. If the product forms dust and there is a risk of explosion, it can be easily avoided by drying in an air-free atmosphere.
  • the dryer is therefore particularly suitable for drying dusty and explosive goods. Energy and efficiency
  • the heat introduced into the contact dryer for the purpose of thermal drying is used, in addition to a small proportion for heating the material to be dried to the drying temperature, exclusively for the evaporation of the liquid to be expelled.
  • the efficiency of the dryer is defined as the ratio of heat used for evaporation to applied heat. This ratio is much higher in the contact dryer according to the invention than in convection dryers and is very close to 100%. Also compared to other contact dryers results in an efficiency advantage, since the surface exposed to the environment is smaller and thus reduce the heat losses.
  • the area relevant for the heat losses of 35 x 0.2 m in circumference drops to the circumference of the shell with 2.2 m diameter and thus, at a length of 8 m, the total surface area from 176 m 2 to 55 m 2 .
  • the approximately 40 heating pipes are also integrated in the jacket; the integration of the heating tubes in a traditional contact dryer according to the prior art is not possible; in consequence, in the prior art, leads to a further surface with heat losses, with the external steam generator and the connecting pipelines.
  • the material to be dried should be exposed to a minimum temperature over a period of time in order to achieve appropriate effects.
  • This can be advantageously realized in the contact dryer according to the invention by adjusting the drying temperature.
  • the desired effect can be for example a sterilization or pasteurization, but also a targeted killing of all active bacteria.
  • the operation of the dryer is also possible in a mobile application. This is particularly useful when waste heat is available, for example from drive motors of trucks or ships. In this case, only surge brakes in the water phase are to be installed in order to avoid sloshing of the condensate in response to the rolling, yawing and pitching movements of the means of transport.
  • a heat supply medium is passed through which feeds the heat medium located in the jacket space via the walls of the heating tube, wherein the heating medium surrounds the outside of the heating tube in the jacket space.
  • the advantage of such a construction of the contact dryer according to the invention also consists in that a controllable amount of heat energy can be fed to the heating medium via the heat supply medium routed through the heating pipes, so that the degree of drying of the moist material to be dried in the drying pipes can be controllably influenced.
  • a plurality of drying pipes and also a plurality of heating pipes are provided in the shell space.
  • the drying tubes are in such a case in the shell space in areas, i. in the drying area of Mantelrau- mes, arranged as tube batteries. This also applies equally to the arrangement of a plurality of heating pipes, which are preferably also provided in the heating of the jacket space in the manner of a tube battery.
  • the regulation of such a contact dryer can be carried out according to the invention by means of a regulation of the vapor pressure in the jacket space. If the energy input into the heating medium in the mantle room takes place directly with flue gas, the power of the unit which provides the heat would be regulated so that the pressure in the mantle space is constant.
  • the regulation of the drying temperature can be controlled according to the invention on the dew point temperature.
  • the dew point temperature can be measured easily.
  • the vapors (mixture of the ambient air and the steam) would in this case preferably aspirated to work dust-free and odor-free to the outside.
  • this principle can also be applied to drying under reduced pressure (with or without little ambient air), in which case the vapors or the steam must then be compressed after leaving the dryer.
  • thermodynamic efficiency of the dryer increases in this case. This effect has to be weighed against the additional electrical consumption of the compressor.
  • pressure sensors are connected to the drying tubes, by means of which pressures prevailing in them can be supplied as pressure signals to a control device, on the basis of which the heating tubes can be supplied with heat energy corresponding to the pressure values such that the drying temperature in the drying tubes can be regulated in a pressure-dependent manner ,
  • the degree of drying of the moist material in the drying tubes or with the contact dryer is determined by the intended use of the dried material. In some applications, a slightly higher residual moisture will be important, while for some applications, a relatively high degree of drying is sought.
  • a method for drying a moist material, in particular biomass which is operated with a contact dryer of the type described above.
  • the material to be dried is passed in the same direction by one or more axially extending jacket space coaxial with the jacket space drying tubes, while a befindliches in the shell space in the heating medium heating medium, which - if present - surrounds at least one heating tube, via which heat energy to the heating medium is supplied, wherein the heating medium is fed to the drying pipes in the dry area of the shell space, in the interior of which the moist good to be dried is dried.
  • a preferred method step for the method according to the invention is the detection of the pressure prevailing in the interior of the drying tubes by means of a pressure sensor, wherein the pressure signal generated by the pressure sensor is fed to a control device, based on which the drying process is controlled or regulated.
  • This can be advantageous also set a temperature at the organically contaminated goods such.
  • the pressure it is also possible for the pressure to be controlled or regulated on the basis of heating medium temperature and / or conveying speed of the material in the drying tubes. If the energy expenditure required for drying is not to be increased, but a higher degree of drying of the moist material to be dried is to be achieved, such a higher degree of dryness can be achieved by reducing the conveying speed of the material to be dried through the drying tubes.
  • the contact dryer can - in comparison to a convection dryer - account for a large number of drives and control units, such.
  • a soulless screw as a conveying device makes it possible with free-flowing goods to make the delivery of the material to be dried into the drying pipes simple by the oversupply of the screws in the feed area.
  • An overfill of the dryer can be easily avoided by changing the slope or a core tube in the entry area.
  • the screws are offset and arranged in pairs.
  • the entry into the individual pairs is preferably carried out stepwise or stepwise from a common template.
  • This template may consist of inclined walls to avoid bridging and / or be provided with a loosening device, as it is z.
  • B. represents a vibrator, one or more compressed air nozzles or a spindle.
  • the soulless screws are preferably driven from the discharge side, so that the screw flights are stressed, not to pressure.
  • the entry could also be made directly via pumps and chokes, possibly with automatically controlled valves.
  • the conveyor is formed in the interior of the drying tubes for transporting the material to be dried as a soulless screw, which is preferably resilient to train.
  • the drying tubes can on the inside with a
  • the preferred or optimal size fits in well with a modular design in 20 or 40 ft containers, so that the systems can be used in a modular manner, and in particular can also be used at different places of use.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the contact dryer according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the contact dryer according to the invention
  • 3 shows a schematic structure of a storage container for a contact dryer according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the storage container of FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 a front view of the storage container from FIG. 3; and FIG. 6: a schematic representation of a conveyor device designed as a spiral screw with a core tube
  • Fig. 1 shows the first inventive embodiment of a contact dryer (1) as a natural circulation steam generator with integrated condenser for the thermal drying of a material to be dried (2) by means of an evaporating heating medium (3).
  • the spatial extent of the contact dryer is defined by the jacket tube (6) and the two end regions (7, 8).
  • the jacket tube (6) is designed so that pressures up to 40 bar (temperatures of about 250 ° C) can be realized, the pressure is determined by the introduced heating power in the heating medium (3).
  • the length of the jacket tube (6) is variable and can according to the invention structurally adapted to the heat demand for the drying or the required area
  • the end areas (7, 8) are at least in the drying area (4) structurally simple to produce by perforated plates.
  • the drying area (4) which comprises the drying tubes (9).
  • the conveying elements (10) - here embodied as conveying spirals - and the material to be dried conveyed by them (2).
  • the drying tubes (9) extend from the entry-side end region (7) to the discharge-side end region (8) coaxially with the jacket tube (6), are physically separated from one another and puncture both end regions (7, 8).
  • the material to be dried (2) is conveyed by means of conveying elements (10) through the contact dryer (1) and dried by heat input.
  • the dried material (1 1) leaves the contact dryer (1) at the discharge end area (8) with a defined residual water content.
  • the residual water content can be regulated according to the invention via the drying temperature and the conveying speed.
  • the heating area (5) is arranged, which includes a defined number of heating tubes (12).
  • the heating tubes (12) extend from the entry-side end region (7) to the discharge-side end region (8) coaxially with the jacket tube (6), penetrate both end regions (7, 8) and are traversed by a hot heat supply medium (13).
  • the heat contained in the hot heat supply medium (13) becomes during the flow to the heating tubes (12) and discharged through this to the heating medium (3).
  • the cooled heat supply medium (14) leaves the jacket tube on the discharge side.
  • the heat absorbed by the heating medium (3) leads to the evaporation of the heating medium (3) in the heating area (5) at a constant temperature and pressure.
  • the resulting vapor rises from the heating area (5) to the drying area (4) and condenses there at the same pressure and temperature as in the evaporation of the drying tubes (9) under delivery of its latent heat to the drying tubes (9) and contained therein Drying Good (2).
  • the condensate runs down the drying pipes (9) and drips back into the heating area (5) where it is evaporated again. As a result, there is a closed natural circulation, which ensures heat transport between the heating area (5) and the drying area (4) without further units or connections with the environment.
  • the conveying elements (10) take on the one hand the dosage of the material to be dried (2) and thus regulate the filling height of the drying tubes (9), on the other they define the residence time of the material to be dried (2) within the drying range (4) via the conveying speed ,
  • the drive of the conveying members (10) takes place on the discharge side, so that the conveying elements (10) are subjected to tension.
  • the residence time can be adjusted according to the invention so that the material to be dried (2) depending on the drying temperature enough water can be withdrawn.
  • the supply of the dryer with material to be dried is carried out by filling the supply container (21) to above the level of the uppermost drying tubes (9)
  • the dosage itself by means of a variable speed of the conveying members (10) and - concomitantly - a different amount conveyed to be dried.
  • the flow rate can be controlled by the fact that the pitch of the screw helix of the conveying member (10) is variable or in the feed tank (21), the cross section of the screw helix is partially blocked, for example by core tubes.
  • the drying tubes (9) are offset and arranged in pairs, the pairs being arranged in a staircase or stepped manner. Due to the sufficient heating surface, the structurally complex introduction of heat via the conveying elements (10) can be dispensed with and the conveying elements (10) can be structurally designed simply as a spiral screw.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment according to the invention of a contact dryer (1) as a natural circulation steam generator with an external steam generator for the thermal drying of a material to be dried (2) by means of an evaporating heating medium (3).
  • the drying area (4) is identical to the embodiment of the contact dryer (1) shown in FIG. 1 and also the heat transfer between heating area (5) and drying area (4) takes place in the same way, the embodiment of FIG Contact dryer (1) in the design and positioning of the heating area (5).
  • the heating area (5) in Fig. 2 is not included in the jacket tube (6) in this case, but below the jacket tube (6) and connected by a riser (17) and a downpipe (18) connected to the jacket tube.
  • the heating tubes (12) are in this embodiment flows around the hot heat supply medium (13) and flows through the heating medium (3).
  • the heat output of the hot heat supply medium (13) leads to evaporation of the heating medium (3), which rises in vapor form in the riser (17) and thus enters the jacket tube (6) and the drying area (4).
  • the condensation of the heating medium (3) takes place with delivery of the latent heat to the drying tubes (9) and a reflux into the lower part of the jacket tube (6). From there, the condensate returns via the downpipe (18) back into the heating area.
  • a closed natural circulation sets in. If downpipe (18) and riser (17) are separated, the heating tubes (12) are preferably slightly inclined, namely rising towards the riser (17).
  • the regulation of the contact dryer (1) by means of regulating the vapor pressure in the jacket tube (6) on the through the heat supply medium (13) introduced heat output.
  • the vapor pressure determines the temperature at the drying tubes (9).
  • the regulation of the drying temperature can take place via the withdrawal of the vapors (15) or the supply of air (19) into the drying tubes (9) by means of the control valve (20).
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 show a storage container of a contact dryer according to the invention from various perspectives.
  • Fig. 6 a conveyor device or organ (10) designed as a screw helix with core tube (22).
  • the supply of material to be dried (2) in the storage container (21) is carried out by an upstream conveyor technology such as screw conveyors, plates, belts or solids pumps.
  • the reservoir (21) itself is preferably carried out gas-tight and pressure-resistant at deviating from the ambient pressure operating pressures, for example, to ensure the withdrawal of vapors and odors and to minimize the entry of false air.
  • the walls of the storage container (21) are advantageously inclined and designed to taper upwards to counteract bridge formation of the starting materials.
  • pneumatic discharge aids eg Luf gas nozzles
  • oscillating discharge aids eg vibrators, vibrators, knockers, vibration grates
  • rotating discharge aids eg clearing arms, rotating installations, paddle shafts
  • discharge devices eg Discharge screws
  • the material to be dried (2) is filled in the storage tank (21) to above the level of the uppermost drying pipes (9). This also provides for a responsive uniform and constant filling level for a seal of the interior of the drying pipes (9) against the environment and thus reduces the introduction of additionally heated false air in the drying area (4).
  • the conveying members (10) of the contact dryer (1) - run here as screw helix - open and are overwhelmed by the material to be dried (2).
  • the conveying elements (10) take on the one hand the dosage of the material to be dried (2) and thus regulate the filling height of the drying tubes (9), on the other they define the residence time of the material to be dried (2) within the drying range (4) via the conveying speed ,
  • the drive of the conveying members (10) takes place on the discharge side, so that the conveying elements (10) are subjected to tension.
  • the residence time may vary according to the invention.
  • the delivery rate can be controlled by the fact that the pitch of the screw helix of the conveying member (10) is variable or in the storage container (21), the cross section of the screw helix is partially blocked, for example by core tubes (22).
  • the core tube may either be fixedly connected to the screw or fixed to the rear wall or attached to a closing plate attached to the drying tube. In the first case, the core tube (22) would rotate with the screw, in the other two cases, the screw rotates around the core tube (22).
  • the core tube (22) protrudes from the feed container (21) and into the inlet (24).
  • the dosing aid (23) can be designed, for example, as a shell, grid basket or rods.
  • the dosing aids (23) are arranged vertically in a plurality of horizontal planes such that substantially no cross-section remains between them from which they are not discharged (FIG. 4). Only with free-flowing goods, the distance can be chosen to be larger, since the good flows by itself in the underlying conveyor members (10).
  • a drying tube (9) with an outer diameter of, for example, 168.3 mm and a wall thickness of 4 mm results in a delivery cross section (inner diameter) of 160.3 mm.
  • drying tubes (9) are arranged in the same plane with a center distance of 320 mm and below center another, so is discharged from the entire filling cross section.
  • This arrangement of several horizontal planes is called a step.
  • several stages of drying tubes (9) may be arranged. If the material to be dried (2) is not free-flowing, preferably trays are arranged as metering aids (23). The entry areas of the various stages are arranged axially offset in this case.
  • the material to be dried (2) is a non-pourable material (eg pasty goods such as sewage sludge), instead of metering via core tubes (22) and screw pitch, it is also possible to meter via positive displacement pumps (eg diaphragm pumps , Piston pumps, eccentric screw pumps, rotary lobe pumps or peristaltic pumps).
  • positive displacement pumps eg diaphragm pumps , Piston pumps, eccentric screw pumps, rotary lobe pumps or peristaltic pumps.
  • the material to be dried (2) is metered into the drying tubes (9) via an inlet (24) and then dried in the contact dryer (1) as described above.
  • the conveying members (10) transfer the dried material (11) into an outlet. From this drops the dried material (1 1) in a collection container. This is preferably carried out gas-tight and pressure-resistant as well as the storage container (21), in order to ensure a deduction of the vapors and odors and to work at different operating pressures from the ambient pressure.
  • the common discharge of the dried material (1 1) from the collecting container takes place with the aid of conveying technology, such as screw conveyors, plates, belts or solids pumps.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un sécheur par contact (1) destiné à sécher des produits humides, ainsi qu'un procédé de séchage de produits humides. Le sécheur par contact (1) est composé d'au moins un tube de séchage (9) dans lequel les produits à sécher (2) peuvent être transportés et sur le côté extérieur duquel se trouve un milieu chauffant (3) contenu dans un espace de gaine entourant au moins partiellement le tube de séchage (9). L'espace de gaine contient au moins un autre tube de séchage (9) et les au moins deux tubes de séchage (9) sont conçus de telle manière que les produits à sécher (2) ne peuvent pas se mélanger dans au moins un segment longitudinal des au moins deux tubes de séchage (9).
EP17745331.3A 2016-07-28 2017-07-28 Séchoir par contact Active EP3491312B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL17745331T PL3491312T3 (pl) 2016-07-28 2017-07-28 Suszarka kontaktowa

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016213956.8A DE102016213956B4 (de) 2016-07-28 2016-07-28 Kontakttrockner
PCT/EP2017/069116 WO2018019979A1 (fr) 2016-07-28 2017-07-28 Sécheur par contact

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EP3491312A1 true EP3491312A1 (fr) 2019-06-05
EP3491312B1 EP3491312B1 (fr) 2021-04-28

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DE (1) DE102016213956B4 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2018019979A1 (fr)

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CN108800838A (zh) * 2018-07-20 2018-11-13 日洋（天津）生物科技发展有限公司 过氧化钙生产工艺的余热回收系统
DE102023111611A1 (de) * 2023-05-04 2024-11-07 Papiertechnische Stiftung Wärmerückgewinnungsvorrichtung
CN119063397B (zh) * 2024-11-07 2024-12-27 淄博力之信新材料科技有限公司 一种氟钛酸钾生产用回转干燥炉

Family Cites Families (14)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE427584C (de) 1924-01-23 1926-04-13 Allg Elek Citaets Ges Fa Verfahren zum Trocknen von Kohle auf uebereinanderliegenden Heizflaechen
CH265602A (de) * 1948-05-07 1949-12-15 Steinmann Wilhelm Beheizte Vorrichtung, insbesondere zum Zerkochen und Trocknen von Schlachtabfällen, Fischabfällen und dergleichen.
US4176465A (en) * 1977-07-18 1979-12-04 Natomas Company Heat saving method for drying wet solids
JPS60138383A (ja) * 1983-12-27 1985-07-23 イハラケミカル工業株式会社 乾燥装置及びこの乾燥装置を使用して乾燥する方法
DE8709563U1 (de) 1986-07-22 1987-09-10 Hans Pesch GmbH & Co KG, 4154 Tönisvorst Trocknungseinrichtung für Schüttgut
JPH0759709B2 (ja) * 1987-09-03 1995-06-28 三井鉱山株式会社 石炭の調湿方法
DE3911716A1 (de) 1989-04-10 1990-10-11 Wilfried Schraufstetter Verfahren zum trocknen von schlamm und schlammtrocknungsanlage zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
US5220733A (en) * 1991-11-14 1993-06-22 21St Century Design Inc. Modular radiant plate drying apparatus
FR2784742B1 (fr) * 1998-10-20 2000-12-29 Gradient Ass Procede de traitement thermique de solides divises, et dispositif de mise en oeuvre dudit procede
JP4076968B2 (ja) * 2004-02-27 2008-04-16 株式会社スターサービス ペレット乾燥装置
JP2007160581A (ja) * 2005-12-12 2007-06-28 Star Seiki Co Ltd 樹脂ペレットの除湿乾燥装置及びその方法
JP4690273B2 (ja) * 2006-09-05 2011-06-01 株式会社御池鐵工所 乾燥装置
DE102009049909A1 (de) * 2009-10-20 2011-04-28 Ing. Häcker Maschinen GmbH Trocknungsanlage
DE102014113307B4 (de) 2014-09-16 2017-11-23 Gesellschaft Für Energie- Und Verfahrenstechnik Mbh Reaktor und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Brenngases aus mechanisch entwässertem Schlamm

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Publication number Publication date
PL3491312T3 (pl) 2021-11-08
DE102016213956A1 (de) 2018-02-01
EP3491312B1 (fr) 2021-04-28
DE102016213956B4 (de) 2024-09-26
WO2018019979A1 (fr) 2018-02-01

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