EP3478187A1 - Medical device for performing a biopsy and method for producing the medical device - Google Patents
Medical device for performing a biopsy and method for producing the medical deviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP3478187A1 EP3478187A1 EP17734042.9A EP17734042A EP3478187A1 EP 3478187 A1 EP3478187 A1 EP 3478187A1 EP 17734042 A EP17734042 A EP 17734042A EP 3478187 A1 EP3478187 A1 EP 3478187A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- medical device
- region
- elements
- connecting element
- sleeve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/10—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges for stereotaxic surgery, e.g. frame-based stereotaxis
- A61B90/14—Fixators for body parts, e.g. skull clamps; Constructional details of fixators, e.g. pins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B10/00—Instruments for taking body samples for diagnostic purposes; Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. for vaccination diagnosis, sex determination or ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
- A61B10/02—Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy
- A61B10/0233—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
- A61B17/3403—Needle locating or guiding means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/12—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves in body cavities or body tracts, e.g. by using catheters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/10—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges for stereotaxic surgery, e.g. frame-based stereotaxis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/10—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges for stereotaxic surgery, e.g. frame-based stereotaxis
- A61B90/11—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges for stereotaxic surgery, e.g. frame-based stereotaxis with guides for needles or instruments, e.g. arcuate slides or ball joints
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
- A61N1/0526—Head electrodes
- A61N1/0529—Electrodes for brain stimulation
- A61N1/0534—Electrodes for deep brain stimulation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N5/0601—Apparatus for use inside the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
- A61N5/062—Photodynamic therapy, i.e. excitation of an agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B2017/320052—Guides for cutting instruments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
- A61B17/3403—Needle locating or guiding means
- A61B2017/3405—Needle locating or guiding means using mechanical guide means
- A61B2017/3407—Needle locating or guiding means using mechanical guide means including a base for support on the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N2005/063—Radiation therapy using light comprising light transmitting means, e.g. optical fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a medical device for performing a biopsy and a method for manufacturing the medical device.
- Brain biopsies are designed to remove etiologically unclear damaged tissue (lesion) when other diagnostic procedures are depleted, symptoms increase, or the lesion is progressive in its growth. Tissue taken is examined histopathologically and after completion of the biopsy it is used for further therapy and prognosis estimation.
- Stereotactic biopsies have been used in virtually unchanged form since the middle of the last century. Possible complications that can occur during or after a brain biopsy include, among others Hemorrhages near the sampling site, wound healing disorders and wound infections. It can also cause swelling or edema, which can lead to low to severe neurological impairment in the vicinity of brain eloquent centers (eg, speech center, motor center). It is therefore important to use a biopsy system with high accuracy while minimizing trauma to the intact surrounding tissue. This applies equally to biopsies on other parts of the body.
- US Pat. No. 5,387,220 describes a stereotactic frame which uses natural reference points during an operation and need not be attached to the head by means of pins.
- Biopsy needle can be adjusted so on the frame.
- a biopsy can be accompanied by real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
- MRI magnetic resonance imaging
- the course of the biopsy needle is monitored on the monitor and intervened under constant image control.
- the method has a high accuracy, but is also expensive to carry out.
- Veterinary biopsies usually work freehand, ie without a stereotactic system. However, you can also use brackets here.
- a disadvantage of the described frame-based methods is that the size of the frame influences the handling during the operation.
- the frame can lead to pain in the patient.
- the fixation may lead to postoperative infections and surgery times with biopsy surgery procedures are generally about twice as high as with frameless tissue removal.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object to develop a cost-effective, simple and error-prone system for biopsy. This object is achieved by a medical device according to claim 1 and a method for producing the medical device according to claim 9.
- Advantageous embodiments and further developments are described in the dependent claims.
- a medical device for performing a biopsy on a region of a body to be examined has at least three connecting elements, by means of which the device can be attached to the region of the body or which can be attached to anchoring elements which are arranged on the region of the body ,
- a sleeve which serves as a guide for a medical instrument, and a connecting element is provided, by which the at least three anchoring elements are connected to the sleeve.
- At least the connecting element is in this case made of a lightweight material.
- the medical device is very light, which increases the wearing comfort. In addition, you can work with respect to conventional systems smaller dimensions.
- the at least three connection elements and the sleeve are formed from the lightweight material.
- the sleeve is designed such that an entry point or target point of the medical instrument coincides in the region of the body with the center of mass of the medical device. This results in a particularly stable arrangement, the one
- the at least three connecting elements may be designed for fastening to bone anchors which serve as anchoring elements.
- Bone anchors can be used to select a fixed point of attachment to a bone, thus simplifying positioning of the medical device.
- the medical device may comprise, as the medical instrument, a drill for creating a suitable penetration opening, a biopsy needle for performing the biopsy, at least one electrode for deep brain stimulation, at least one endoscope together with a light guide cable for photodynamic therapy and / or an ultrasound head is typically adapted to emit pulsed ultrasonic waves.
- the connecting element may be web-shaped, that is to say in particular have a length which is at least around
- both the length and the width and the thickness of the connecting element are not changeable, but predetermined or fixed.
- the lightweight material is typically selected from plastic, preferably a polycarbonate (PC), a polyamide (PA) and / or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), aluminum, titanium, an alloy of said elements or a fiber composite, preferably one or more comprising said materials. These materials are easy to process while providing the ability to create a mechanically stable device for performing the biopsy.
- the connecting element may be rigid, in order to increase mechanical stability.
- the connecting element should be unchangeable in its dimensions.
- the connecting element can also be formed in one piece, ie consist of a single part, which likewise increases mechanical stability.
- the connecting element, the sleeve and / or at least one of the anchoring elements, typically all anchoring elements are integrally formed and preferably bonded together materially.
- a method for producing the described medical device comprises a step in which a recording of the region of the body is made by means of magnetic resonance tomography, by means of computed tomography and / or by means of ultrasound recordings. Subsequently, the medical device is generated by determining coordinates of anchoring elements disposed on the area of the body or coordinates of attachment points in the area of the body for terminal elements in the receptacle and constructing the corresponding terminal elements as well as a target point as an impact point the medical instrument is defined and fixed a position of the sleeve and at least one connecting element is provided. Finally, the previously defined device is provided by a rapid prototyping method, a computer-aided design (CAD) and / or a computer-aided manufacturing
- the described medical device can be produced quickly and cost-effectively, and because of the adaptation to the respective patient, no sterilization after the operation is necessary.
- the medical device is disposable so there are no usage restrictions for particular diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease or slow virus infections / prions.
- a recording is made by means of magnetic resonance tomography and by means of computer tomography of the region of the body, wherein the two images are subsequently fused together.
- the merged recording then serves to generate the device.
- Magnetic resonance imaging for example, can be used to determine target points in the brain; in addition, this method enables very good soft tissue recognition and very good demarcation from intact tissue. Computed tomography in turn allows bony landmarks as well as bone anchors to be detected.
- Fusing may be based on anatomical and / or predefinable, typical artificial or artificial reference points.
- the reference points such as the bone anchors, are or will be located at the area of the body to be examined more closely.
- Rounding be provided in generating the medical device based on the recording in order to facilitate the handling of the medical device.
- at least one threaded bore is provided for fastening further holders or devices.
- polyamide casting for the rapid prototyping process, depending on the material used, polyamide casting, binder jetting, stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, multi-jet modeling, selective laser melting or selective laser sintering should be used.
- a computer program product may include a computer program having software means for performing the described method when the computer program is executed in an automation system.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a head with the medical device for a biopsy.
- Fig. 2 is a side view of a marker;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a bone screw and connected to the bone screw marker in a figure 2 corresponding view.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a head 2 as a region of a body 8 to be examined.
- another body part for a biopsy by means of the device described in more detail may be provided.
- Three bone anchors have already been attached to the head 2 or skull as part of the biopsy procedure to be performed or before the biopsy procedure to be performed in order to fix a target device to be produced.
- the three bone anchors were placed in the tabula externa of the bony skull (occiput, temple or zygomatic bone on both sides) and serve as both artificial landmarks and as contact points.
- a number of bone anchors to use also called
- Fixing anchors are referred to, resulting from a compromise between mounting stability and weight of the medical device.
- the number should be at least three, however, to ensure sufficient stability. Typically, exactly three bone anchors are placed. Too few attachment points will result in an unstable connection, while too many attachment points increase weight and increase the complexity of the medical device, which adversely affects their accuracy. It can also be provided to attach anchoring elements or connecting elements 1 non-invasively only to the area.
- the bone anchors were screwed into the skull at the positions shown in FIG. The placement depends on the location of the tumor in the brain. However, attempts are being made to establish standardized points for the typical tumor localities.
- Computed Tomography CT
- MRI magnetic resonance imaging
- the data contained in the CT image and the MRI image can be fused together by anatomical and / or artificial landmarks.
- determination of target and entry coordinates takes place, which is the entry point 5 of the medical instrument 6, for example a medical instrument
- Drill or a biopsy needle In the illustrated embodiment, the entry point 5 coincides with the center of mass of the finished medical device. Finally, the biopsy is localized, sparing eloquent regions and risk structures.
- a construction of the medical device is made to the given parameters such as coordinates of the connection elements 1 or anchoring elements and the entry point 5. This can be done automatically.
- a biopsy needle from the connection elements 1 or anchoring elements and the entry point 5.
- connection elements 1 are added.
- the target device in the embodiment shown, a sleeve 3 for a drill or the biopsy needle is arranged centrally in the embodiment shown between the connection elements 1 and connected by means of a web-shaped connecting element 4 with the connection elements 1.
- the sleeve 3 is designed as a needle guide with a defined length and the exactly three connection elements 1 are structurally connected to the sleeve 3 as a needle guide element by the connecting elements 4.
- rounding 7 and threaded holes are added, for example, to adapt the shape of the connecting elements 4 in shape to the head shape and thus to obtain a compact medical device as possible.
- the connecting elements 1, the connecting elements 4 and the sleeve 3 are made in one piece in the illustrated embodiment and each rigidly connected together. In particular, none of said elements can perform a tilting or rotational movement without a corresponding co-movement of another of the elements. The said elements are therefore rigidly connected. In each case one of the connecting elements 4 connects in the illustrated embodiment, the sleeve with a single one of the connecting elements. 1
- the virtual device constructed virtually by means of a computer program can be transmitted as a data set to a computing unit, for example a computer, wherein the computer program has software means for carrying out the method described, if the computer program in the computer is performed as an automation system.
- the computer then controls an apparatus for performing the rapid prototyping method, the CAD method and / or the CAM method.
- polyamide casting binder jetting, stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, multi-jet modeling, selective laser melting or selective laser sintering can be used, depending on the method used with a plastic, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, a Alloy having aluminum, magnesium or titanium, or a fiber composite material is performed.
- At least the connecting elements 4 are in this case realized by a lightweight material, while in further embodiments the sleeve 3 and / or the connecting elements 4 can also be realized by materials with high weight.
- the sleeve 3 and the connecting elements 4 are made of the same material as the connecting elements 4.
- a plastic holding tion as a medical device is obtained, which is very light with a weight between 200 g and 250 g, typically 300 g and much lighter than a comparable stereotactic frame, which usually weighs 3 kg.
- this device can be prepared by steam sterilization for use.
- the device can also be used for introducing at least one, preferably at least two electrodes for deep brain stimulation, for photodynamic therapy in which an endoscope together with an optical waveguide is introduced and / or for carrying out a treatment by means of pulsed ultrasound.
- only a single MRI scan is made using markers attached to the bone anchors, ie the later junctures of the medical device to be manufactured.
- These markers are attached to the existing bone screws, which are typically formed of a material suitable for magnetic resonance imaging, for example by screwing.
- the markers have for this purpose a cylindrical body which is filled with the medium. On one of the two a lateral surface of the cylindrical body defining surface is threaded.
- FIG. 2 shows a side view of a corresponding marker 9.
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a bone screw 10, which is also referred to as a bone anchor, and also has a cutting thread on an underside, with which it can be fastened to the patient.
- the cutting thread is a receptacle with an internal thread, which is designed such that the thread of the marker 9 can be fastened therein.
- FIG. 4 shows, in a view corresponding to FIG. 2, how the marker 9 is connected to the bone screw 10.
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Abstract
Description
Medizinische Vorrichtung zum Durchführen einer Biopsie und Verfahren zum Medical device for performing a biopsy and method for
Herstellen der medizinischen Vorrichtung Making the medical device
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine medizinische Vorrichtung zum Durchführen einer Biopsie und ein Verfahren zum Herstellen der medizinischen Vorrichtung. The present invention relates to a medical device for performing a biopsy and a method for manufacturing the medical device.
Hirnbiopsien dienen einer Entnahme von ätiologisch unklarem, geschädigtem Gewebe (Läsion), wenn sonstige diagnostische Maßnahmen erschöpft sind, sich verstärkt Symptome zeigen oder die Läsion in ihrem Wachstum progredient ist. Entnommenes Gewebe wird histopathologisch untersucht und dient nach Abschluss der Biopsie zur weiterführenden Therapie und Prognoseabschätzung. Brain biopsies are designed to remove etiologically unclear damaged tissue (lesion) when other diagnostic procedures are depleted, symptoms increase, or the lesion is progressive in its growth. Tissue taken is examined histopathologically and after completion of the biopsy it is used for further therapy and prognosis estimation.
Stereotaktische Biopsien werden seit Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts in nahezu unveränderter Form angewandt. Mögliche Komplikationen, die während oder nach einer Hirnbiopsie auftreten können, sind unter anderem Einblutungen nahe der Probenentnahmestelle, Wundheilungsstörungen und Wundinfektionen. Außerdem kann es zu Schwellungen bzw. Ödemen kommen, die in der Nähe von eloquenten Zentren des Gehirns (z. B. Sprachzentrum, motorisches Zentrum) zu geringen bis schwerwiegenden neurologischen Beeinträchtigungen führen können. Es ist daher wichtig, ein Biopsiesystem mit einer hohen Genauigkeit bei gleichzeitiger minimalster Traumatisierung des intakten Umgebungsgewebes zu verwenden. Dies trifft ein gleicher Weise auch auf Biopsien an anderen Körperteilen zu. So beschreibt die Druckschrift US 5 387 220 A einen stereotaktischen Rahmen, der während einer Operation natürliche Referenzpunkte benutzt und nicht mittels Stiften am Kopf befestigt werden muss. Stereotactic biopsies have been used in virtually unchanged form since the middle of the last century. Possible complications that can occur during or after a brain biopsy include, among others Hemorrhages near the sampling site, wound healing disorders and wound infections. It can also cause swelling or edema, which can lead to low to severe neurological impairment in the vicinity of brain eloquent centers (eg, speech center, motor center). It is therefore important to use a biopsy system with high accuracy while minimizing trauma to the intact surrounding tissue. This applies equally to biopsies on other parts of the body. For example, US Pat. No. 5,387,220 describes a stereotactic frame which uses natural reference points during an operation and need not be attached to the head by means of pins.
Ein etabliertes Verfahren zur Entnahme von Gewebeproben in der Neurochirurgie ist gegenwärtig die stereotaktische Hirnbiopsie mit Fixierrahmen. Bei Biopsien mit Fixierrahmen werden präoperativ Planungsdaten erstellt und weiterbearbeitet. Am stereotaktischen Rahmen befinden sich Instrumente, deren Position veränderbar ist. Die Einstellung für eine Position einer An established technique for taking tissue samples in neurosurgery is currently stereotactic brain biopsy with fixation frames. In biopsies with fixation frames, pre-operative planning data are created and processed further. At the stereotactic frame are instruments whose position is changeable. The setting for a position of a
Biopsienadel kann so am Rahmen eingestellt werden. Biopsy needle can be adjusted so on the frame.
Außerdem kann eine Biopsie begleitet von Echtzeit-Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT)-Aufnahmen. Hierbei wird unter ständiger Bildkontrolle der Verlauf der Biopsienadel am Monitor verfolgt und entsprechend eingegriffen. Das Verfahren weist eine hohe Genauigkeit auf, ist allerdings in der Durchführung auch teuer. Also, a biopsy can be accompanied by real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Here, the course of the biopsy needle is monitored on the monitor and intervened under constant image control. The method has a high accuracy, but is also expensive to carry out.
Bei veterinärmedizinischen Biopsien wird in der Regel freihändig, also ohne stereotaktisches System, gearbeitet. Es können allerdings auch hier Halterungen verwendet werden. Veterinary biopsies usually work freehand, ie without a stereotactic system. However, you can also use brackets here.
Nachteilig an den beschriebenen rahmenbasierten Verfahren ist jedoch, dass die Größe des Rahmens die Handhabbarkeit während der Operation beein- flusst. Außerdem kann der Rahmen zu Schmerzen beim Patienten führen. Durch die Befestigung kann es postoperativ zu Infektionen kommen und die Operationszeiten von Operationen mit Biopsierahmen sind im Allgemeinen knapp doppelt so hoch wie bei rahmenloser Gewebeentnahme. Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein kostengünstiges, einfaches und für Fehler unanfälliges System für eine Biopsie zu entwickeln. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine medizinische Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 und ein Verfahren zum Herstellen der medizinischen Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen beschrieben. Eine medizinische Vorrichtung zum Durchführen einer Biopsie an einem Bereich eines zu untersuchenden Körpers weist mindestens drei Anschlusselemente auf, mittels derer die Vorrichtung an den Bereich des Körpers angebracht werden kann bzw. die an Verankerungselemente, die an dem Bereich des Körpers angeordnet sind, angebracht werden kann. Außerdem ist eine Hülse, die als Führung für ein medizinisches Instrument dient, und ein Verbindungselement vorgesehen, durch das die mindestens drei Verankerungselemente mit der Hülse verbunden sind. Zumindest das Verbindungselement ist hierbei aus einem Leichtbauwerkstoff ausgebildet. Durch die Anschlusselemente kann die medizinische Vorrichtung an den zu untersuchenden Bereich des Körpers zuverlässig haltend angeordnet werden. Während eines operativen Eingriffs besteht eine uneingeschränkte Beweglichkeit des zu untersuchenden Bereichs, beispielsweise eines Kopfs eines Menschen oder eines Tiers. Gleichzeitig ist eine sehr hohe Positionier- genauigkeit erreichbar. Durch Umsetzen eines Leichtbaukonzepts mit demHowever, a disadvantage of the described frame-based methods is that the size of the frame influences the handling during the operation. In addition, the frame can lead to pain in the patient. The fixation may lead to postoperative infections and surgery times with biopsy surgery procedures are generally about twice as high as with frameless tissue removal. The present invention is therefore based on the object to develop a cost-effective, simple and error-prone system for biopsy. This object is achieved by a medical device according to claim 1 and a method for producing the medical device according to claim 9. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are described in the dependent claims. A medical device for performing a biopsy on a region of a body to be examined has at least three connecting elements, by means of which the device can be attached to the region of the body or which can be attached to anchoring elements which are arranged on the region of the body , In addition, a sleeve which serves as a guide for a medical instrument, and a connecting element is provided, by which the at least three anchoring elements are connected to the sleeve. At least the connecting element is in this case made of a lightweight material. By the connection elements, the medical device can be arranged reliably holding the area of the body to be examined. During surgery, there is unrestricted mobility of the area to be examined, such as a human or an animal's head. At the same time, a very high positioning accuracy can be achieved. By implementing a lightweight construction concept with the
Leichtbauwerkstoff ist die medizinische Vorrichtung sehr leicht, was den Tragekomfort erhöht. Zudem kann auch mit gegenüber konventionellen Systemen geringeren Abmessungen gearbeitet werden. Vorzugsweise sind auch die mindestens drei Anschlusselemente und die Hülse aus dem Leichtbauwerk- stoff ausgebildet. Lightweight construction material, the medical device is very light, which increases the wearing comfort. In addition, you can work with respect to conventional systems smaller dimensions. Preferably, the at least three connection elements and the sleeve are formed from the lightweight material.
Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Hülse derart ausgebildet ist, dass ein Eintrittspunkt bzw. Zielpunkt des medizinischen Instruments in den Bereich des Körpers mit dem Massenschwerpunkt der medizinischen Vorrichtung zusam- menfällt. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine besonders stabile Anordnung, die eineIt can be provided that the sleeve is designed such that an entry point or target point of the medical instrument coincides in the region of the body with the center of mass of the medical device. This results in a particularly stable arrangement, the one
Tragebelastung des Patienten minimiert. Die mindestens drei Anschlusselemente können zum Befestigen an Knochenankern, die als Verankerungselemente dienen, ausgebildet sein. Durch Knochenanker kann ein feststehender Befestigungspunkt an einem Knochen ausgewählt werden, so dass eine Positionierung der medizinischen Vorrichtung vereinfacht wird. Carrying load of the patient minimized. The at least three connecting elements may be designed for fastening to bone anchors which serve as anchoring elements. Bone anchors can be used to select a fixed point of attachment to a bone, thus simplifying positioning of the medical device.
Die medizinische Vorrichtung kann als das medizinische Instrument einen Bohrer zum Erzeugen einer geeigneten Eindringöffnung, eine Biopsienadel zum Durchführen der Biopsie, mindestens eine Elektrode für eine Tiefenhirn- stimulation, mindestens ein Endoskop samt einem Lichtleitkabel für eine photodynamische Therapie und/oder einen Ultraschallkopf umfassen, der typischerweise dazu eingerichtet ist, gepulste Ultraschallwellen zu emittieren. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Verbindungselement stegförmig ausgebildet sein, also insbesondere eine Länge aufweisen, die um mindestens The medical device may comprise, as the medical instrument, a drill for creating a suitable penetration opening, a biopsy needle for performing the biopsy, at least one electrode for deep brain stimulation, at least one endoscope together with a light guide cable for photodynamic therapy and / or an ultrasound head is typically adapted to emit pulsed ultrasonic waves. Alternatively or additionally, the connecting element may be web-shaped, that is to say in particular have a length which is at least around
10 Prozent größer als seine Breite und bzw. oder seine Dicke ist. Typischerweise sind sowohl die Länge als auch die Breite und die Dicke des Verbindungselements nicht veränderbar, sondern vorgegeben bzw. fixiert. 10 percent greater than its width and / or its thickness. Typically, both the length and the width and the thickness of the connecting element are not changeable, but predetermined or fixed.
Der Leichtbauwerkstoff ist typischerweise ausgewählt aus Kunststoff, vorzugsweise einem Polycarbonat (PC), einem Polyamid (PA) und/oder Acrylnitril- Butadien-Styrol (ABS), Aluminium, Titan, einer Legierung der genannten Elemente oder einem Faserverbundwerkstoff, der bevorzugt einen oder mehrere der genannten Werkstoffe aufweist. Diese Werkstoffe sind einfach zu verarbeiten und bieten gleichzeitig die Möglichkeit, eine mechanisch stabile Vorrichtung zum Durchführen der Biopsie zu schaffen. The lightweight material is typically selected from plastic, preferably a polycarbonate (PC), a polyamide (PA) and / or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), aluminum, titanium, an alloy of said elements or a fiber composite, preferably one or more comprising said materials. These materials are easy to process while providing the ability to create a mechanically stable device for performing the biopsy.
Das Verbindungselement kann starr ausgebildet sein, um eine mechanische Stabilität zu erhöhen. Insbesondere soll das Verbindungselement hierbei in seinen Abmessungen unveränderbar sein. The connecting element may be rigid, in order to increase mechanical stability. In particular, the connecting element should be unchangeable in its dimensions.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Verbindungselement auch einteilig ausgebildet sein, also aus einem einzigen Teil bestehen, was ebenfalls eine mechanische Stabilität erhöht. In besonders bevorzugter Weise sind das Verbindungselement, die Hülse und bzw. oder mindestens eines der Verankerungselemente, typischerweise alle Verankerungselemente einteilig ausgebildet und vorzugsweise stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden. Alternatively or additionally, the connecting element can also be formed in one piece, ie consist of a single part, which likewise increases mechanical stability. In a particularly preferred manner, the connecting element, the sleeve and / or at least one of the anchoring elements, typically all anchoring elements are integrally formed and preferably bonded together materially.
Ein Verfahren zum Herstellen der beschriebenen medizinischen Vorrichtung weist einen Schritt auf, in dem eine Aufnahme des Bereichs des Körpers mit- tels Magnetresonanztomographie, mittels Computertomographie und/oder mittels Ultraschallaufnahmen erstellt wird. Nachfolgend wird die medizinische Vorrichtung generiert, indem Koordinaten von Verankerungselementen, die an dem Bereich des Körpers angeordnet wurden, oder Koordinaten von Befestigungspunkten in dem Bereich des Körpers für Anschlusselemente in der Aufnahme ermittelt und die entsprechenden Anschlusselemente konstruiert werden sowie ein Zielpunkt bzw. Eintrittspunkt als Auftreffpunkt des medizinischen Instruments definiert wird und eine Position der Hülse festgelegt und mindestens ein Verbindungselement vorgesehen wird. Abschließend wird die zuvor definierte Vorrichtung durch ein Rapid-Prototyping-Verfahren, ein Computer-aided design (CAD) und/oder ein Computer-aided manufacturingA method for producing the described medical device comprises a step in which a recording of the region of the body is made by means of magnetic resonance tomography, by means of computed tomography and / or by means of ultrasound recordings. Subsequently, the medical device is generated by determining coordinates of anchoring elements disposed on the area of the body or coordinates of attachment points in the area of the body for terminal elements in the receptacle and constructing the corresponding terminal elements as well as a target point as an impact point the medical instrument is defined and fixed a position of the sleeve and at least one connecting element is provided. Finally, the previously defined device is provided by a rapid prototyping method, a computer-aided design (CAD) and / or a computer-aided manufacturing
(CAM)-Verfahren gefertigt. (CAM) method manufactured.
Durch Verwenden eines Rapid-Prototyping-Verfahrens, eines CAD- bzw. eines CAM -Verfahrens ist die beschriebene medizinische Vorrichtung schnell und kostengünstig herstellbar, zudem ist aufgrund der Anpassung an den jeweiligen Patienten keine Sterilisation nach der Operation nötig. Typischerweise ist die medizinische Vorrichtung zum Einmalgebrauch ausgelegt, so dass keine Nutzungsbeschränkungen bei besonderen Krankheiten wie der Creutzfeldt- Jacob-Krankheit oder Slow-Virus-Infektionen/Prionen bestehen. By using a rapid prototyping method, a CAD or a CAM method, the described medical device can be produced quickly and cost-effectively, and because of the adaptation to the respective patient, no sterilization after the operation is necessary. Typically, the medical device is disposable so there are no usage restrictions for particular diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease or slow virus infections / prions.
Vorzugsweise wird jeweils eine Aufnahme mittels Magnetresonanztomographie und mittels Computertomographie von dem Bereich des Körpers gemacht, wobei die beiden Aufnahmen nachfolgend miteinander fusioniert werden. Die fusionierte Aufnahme dient dann zum Generieren der Vorrich- tung. Durch Magnetresonanztomographie können beispielsweise Zielpunkte im Gehirn festgelegt werden, außerdem ermöglicht dieses Verfahren eine sehr gute Weichteilerkennung und eine sehr gute Abgrenzung zu intaktem Gewebe. Die Computertomographie erlaubt es wiederum, knöcherne Landmarken sowie die Knochenanker zu detektieren. Preferably, in each case a recording is made by means of magnetic resonance tomography and by means of computer tomography of the region of the body, wherein the two images are subsequently fused together. The merged recording then serves to generate the device. Magnetic resonance imaging, for example, can be used to determine target points in the brain; in addition, this method enables very good soft tissue recognition and very good demarcation from intact tissue. Computed tomography in turn allows bony landmarks as well as bone anchors to be detected.
Das Fusionieren kann anhand anatomischer und bzw. oder vorgebbarer, typi- scherweise artifizieller bzw. künstlicher Referenzpunkte durchgeführt werden. Die Referenzpunkte, beispielsweise die Knochenanker, sind oder werden an dem Bereich des Körpers, der näher untersucht werden soll, angeordnet. Vor dem Fertigen durch das Rapid-Prototyping-Verfahren bzw. das Computer- aided design/Computer-aided manufacturing-Verfahren kann eine Fusing may be based on anatomical and / or predefinable, typical artificial or artificial reference points. The reference points, such as the bone anchors, are or will be located at the area of the body to be examined more closely. Before manufacturing by the rapid prototyping method or the computer aided design / computer-aided manufacturing method, a
Verrundung beim Generieren der medizinischen Vorrichtung anhand der Aufnahme vorgesehen werden, um die Handhabung der medizinischen Vorrichtung zu vereinfachen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich wird mindestens eine Gewin- debohrung zum Befestigung weiterer Halterungen oder Geräte vorgesehen. Rounding be provided in generating the medical device based on the recording in order to facilitate the handling of the medical device. Alternatively or additionally, at least one threaded bore is provided for fastening further holders or devices.
Für das Rapid-Prototyping-Verfahren sollte, je nach verwendetem Material, Polyamidguss, Binder Jetting, Stereolithographie, Fused Deposition Modeling, Multi Jet Modeling, Selektives Laserschmelzen oder Selektives Lasersintern verwendet werden. For the rapid prototyping process, depending on the material used, polyamide casting, binder jetting, stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, multi-jet modeling, selective laser melting or selective laser sintering should be used.
Ein Computerprogrammprodukt kann ein Computerprogramm umfassen, das Software mittel zum Durchführen des beschriebenen Verfahrens aufweist, wenn das Computerprogramm in einem Automatisierungssystem durchge- führt bzw. ausgeführt wird. A computer program product may include a computer program having software means for performing the described method when the computer program is executed in an automation system.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird nachfolgend anhand der Figuren 1 bis 4 erläutert. Es zeigt: An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be explained below with reference to Figures 1 to 4. It shows:
Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Kopfs mit der medizinischen Vorrichtung für eine Biopsie; Fig. 2 eine seitliche Ansicht eines Markers; Figure 1 is a perspective view of a head with the medical device for a biopsy. Fig. 2 is a side view of a marker;
Fig. 3 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Knochenschraube und den mit der Knochenschraube verbundenen Marker in einer Figur 2 entsprechenden Ansicht. In Figur 1 ist in einer perspektivischen Ansicht ein Kopf 2 als zu untersuchender Bereich eines Körpers 8 dargestellt. In weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen kann jedoch auch ein anderes Körperteil für eine Biopsie mittels der noch näher beschriebenen Vorrichtung vorgesehen sein. Am Kopf 2 bzw. Schädel wurden als Teil des durchzuführenden Biopsieverfahrens oder vor dem durchzuführenden Biopsieverfahren bereits drei Knochenanker zum Fixieren einer herzustellenden Zielvorrichtung angebracht. Die drei Knochenanker wurden in die Tabula externa des knöchernen Schädels (Occiput, Schläfe bzw. Jochbein beidseitig) eingebracht und dienen sowohl als artifizielle Landmarken als auch als Kontaktpunkte. Eine Anzahl zu verwendender Knochenanker, die auch alsFig. 3 is a perspective view of a bone screw and connected to the bone screw marker in a figure 2 corresponding view. FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a head 2 as a region of a body 8 to be examined. In other embodiments, however, another body part for a biopsy by means of the device described in more detail may be provided. Three bone anchors have already been attached to the head 2 or skull as part of the biopsy procedure to be performed or before the biopsy procedure to be performed in order to fix a target device to be produced. The three bone anchors were placed in the tabula externa of the bony skull (occiput, temple or zygomatic bone on both sides) and serve as both artificial landmarks and as contact points. A number of bone anchors to use, also called
Fixierungsanker bezeichnet werden, ergibt sich aus einem Kompromiss zwischen Befestigungsstabilität und Gewicht der medizinischen Vorrichtung. Die Anzahl sollte jedoch mindestens drei sein, um eine ausreichende Stabilität zu gewährleisten. Typischerweise werden genau drei Knochenanker gesetzt. Zu wenige Befestigungspunkte führen zu einer instabilen Verbindung während zu viele Befestigungspunkte das Gewicht erhöhen und die Komplexität der medizinischen Vorrichtung erhöhen, was sich nachteilig auf deren Genauigkeit auswirkt. Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, Verankerungselemente oder Anschlusselemente 1 nichtinvasiv lediglich an dem Bereich anzubringen. Fixing anchors are referred to, resulting from a compromise between mounting stability and weight of the medical device. The number should be at least three, however, to ensure sufficient stability. Typically, exactly three bone anchors are placed. Too few attachment points will result in an unstable connection, while too many attachment points increase weight and increase the complexity of the medical device, which adversely affects their accuracy. It can also be provided to attach anchoring elements or connecting elements 1 non-invasively only to the area.
Nach gründlicher Planung durch einen Operateur wurden die Knochenanker an den in Figur 1 dargestellten Positionen in den Schädel eingeschraubt. Die Platzierung richtet sich nach der Lokalisation des Tumors im Gehirn. Es wird allerdings versucht, standardisierte Punkte für die typischen Tumorlokalitäten festzulegen. Durch eine anschließende präoperative Datenerhebung mittelsAfter thorough planning by an operator, the bone anchors were screwed into the skull at the positions shown in FIG. The placement depends on the location of the tumor in the brain. However, attempts are being made to establish standardized points for the typical tumor localities. By a subsequent preoperative data collection by means of
Computertomographie (CT) und bzw. oder Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) sind die Referenzpunkte für die Konstruktion der Zielvorrichtung zum geplanten Ziel- und Eintrittspunkt 5 bekannt. Alternativ kann auch nur eine CT-Aufnahme oder nur eine MRT-Aufnahme erstellt werden. Computed Tomography (CT) and / or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the reference points for the construction of the target device to the planned target and entry point 5 are known. Alternatively, only one CT scan or only one MRI scan can be created.
Die in der CT-Aufnahme und der MRT-Aufnahme enthaltenen Daten können durch anatomische und bzw. oder artifizielle Landmarken miteinander fusioniert werden. In der einzelnen Aufnahme oder in der fusionierten Aufnahme erfolgt eine Festlegung von Ziel- und Eintrittskoordinaten, die den Eintritts- punkt 5 des medizinischen Instruments 6, beispielsweise eines medizinischenThe data contained in the CT image and the MRI image can be fused together by anatomical and / or artificial landmarks. In the individual recording or in the merged recording, determination of target and entry coordinates takes place, which is the entry point 5 of the medical instrument 6, for example a medical instrument
Bohrers oder einer Biopsienadel, bestimmen. In dem dargestellten Ausfüh- rungsbeispiel stimmt der Eintrittspunkt 5 mit dem Massenschwerpunkt der fertiggestellten medizinischen Vorrichtung überein. Schließlich erfolgt eine Lokalisation der Biopsie unter Schonung von eloquenten Regionen und Risikostrukturen. Drill or a biopsy needle. In the illustrated embodiment For example, the entry point 5 coincides with the center of mass of the finished medical device. Finally, the biopsy is localized, sparing eloquent regions and risk structures.
An die gegebenen Parameter wie Koordinaten der Anschlusselemente 1 bzw. Verankerungselemente und des Eintrittspunkts 5 wird schließlich eine Konstruktion der medizinischen Vorrichtung angefertigt. Dies kann automatisiert erfolgen. Zunächst wird hierzu, beispielsweise durch ein geeignetes Compu- terprogramm, im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel eine Biopsienadel aus denFinally, a construction of the medical device is made to the given parameters such as coordinates of the connection elements 1 or anchoring elements and the entry point 5. This can be done automatically. First, for this purpose, for example, by a suitable computer program, in the illustrated embodiment, a biopsy needle from the
Koordinaten von Zielpunkt und Eintrittspunkt 5 erstellt. Nachfolgend werden die Anschlusselemente 1 hinzugefügt. Die Zielvorrichtung, im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel eine Hülse 3 für einen Bohrer oder die Biopsienadel, ist im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel mittig zwischen den Anschlusselementen 1 angeordnet und mittels jeweils einem stegförmigen Verbindungselement 4 mit den Anschlusselementen 1 verbunden. Die Hülse 3 wird als Nadelführung mit definierter Länge konstruiert und die genau drei Anschlusselemente 1 werden konstruktiv mit der Hülse 3 als Nadelführungselement durch die Verbindungselemente 4 verbunden. Abschließend werden noch Verrundungen 7 und Gewindebohrungen hinzugefügt, beispielsweise um die Verbindungselemente 4 in ihrer Form an die Kopfform anzupassen und somit eine möglichst kompakte medizinische Vorrichtung zu erhalten. Die Anschlusselemente 1, die Verbindungselemente 4 und die Hülse 3 sind im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel einteilig ausgeführt und jeweils starr miteinander verbunden. Insbe- sondere kann keines der genannten Elemente eine Kipp- oder Rotationsbewegung ohne eine entsprechende Mitbewegung eines anderen der Elemente durchführen. Die genannten Elemente sind also starr miteinander verbunden. Jeweils eines der Verbindungselemente 4 verbindet im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel die Hülse mit einem einzelnen der Anschlusselemente 1. Coordinates of destination point and entry point 5 created. Subsequently, the connection elements 1 are added. The target device, in the embodiment shown, a sleeve 3 for a drill or the biopsy needle is arranged centrally in the embodiment shown between the connection elements 1 and connected by means of a web-shaped connecting element 4 with the connection elements 1. The sleeve 3 is designed as a needle guide with a defined length and the exactly three connection elements 1 are structurally connected to the sleeve 3 as a needle guide element by the connecting elements 4. Finally rounding 7 and threaded holes are added, for example, to adapt the shape of the connecting elements 4 in shape to the head shape and thus to obtain a compact medical device as possible. The connecting elements 1, the connecting elements 4 and the sleeve 3 are made in one piece in the illustrated embodiment and each rigidly connected together. In particular, none of said elements can perform a tilting or rotational movement without a corresponding co-movement of another of the elements. The said elements are therefore rigidly connected. In each case one of the connecting elements 4 connects in the illustrated embodiment, the sleeve with a single one of the connecting elements. 1
Die so virtuell konstruierte medizinische Vorrichtung wird nun mittels eines Rapid-Prototying-Verfahrens hergestellt. Hierzu kann die virtuell mittels eines Computerprogramms konstruierte medizinische Vorrichtung als Datensatz an eine Recheneinheit, beispielsweise einen Computer übertragen werden, wo- bei das Computerprogramm Software mittel zum Durchführen des beschriebenen Verfahrens aufweist, wenn das Computerprogramm in dem Computer als Automatisierungssystem durchgeführt wird. Der Computer steuert dann eine Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Rapid-Prototyping-Verfahrens, des CAD-Verfahrens und bzw. oder das CAM -Verfahrens an. Insbesondere können für das Rapid-Prototyping-Verfahren Polyamidguss, Binder Jetting, Stereoli- thographie, Fused Deposition Modeling, Multi Jet Modeling, Selektives Laserschmelzen oder Selektives Lasersintern verwendet werden, die je nach verwendetem Verfahren mit einem Kunststoff, Aluminium, Magnesium, Titan, einer Legierung, die Aluminium, Magnesium oder Titan aufweist, oder einem Faserverbundwerkstoff durchgeführt wird. Zumindest die Verbindungsele- mente 4 sind hierbei durch einen Leichtbauwerkstoff realisiert, während in weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen die Hülse 3 und bzw. oder die Anschlusselemente 4 auch durch Werkstoffe mit hohem Gewicht realisiert sein können. Vorzugsweise sind jedoch auch die Hülse 3 und die Anschlusselemente 4 aus dem gleichen Werkstoff wie die Verbindungselemente 4 ausgebildet. Durch das derart verwirklichte Leichtbaukonzept wird beispielsweise eine Kunststoff halte rung als medizinische Vorrichtung erhalten, die mit einem Gewicht zwischen 200 g und 250 g, typischerweise 300 g sehr leicht ist und deutlich leichter als ein vergleichbarer stereotaktischer Rahmen, der üblicherweise 3 kg wiegt. Zudem kann diese Vorrichtung durch Dampfsterilisation für den Einsatz vorbereitet werden. The thus virtually constructed medical device is now manufactured by means of a rapid prototyping method. For this purpose, the virtual device constructed virtually by means of a computer program can be transmitted as a data set to a computing unit, for example a computer, wherein the computer program has software means for carrying out the method described, if the computer program in the computer is performed as an automation system. The computer then controls an apparatus for performing the rapid prototyping method, the CAD method and / or the CAM method. In particular, for the rapid prototyping process polyamide casting, binder jetting, stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, multi-jet modeling, selective laser melting or selective laser sintering can be used, depending on the method used with a plastic, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, a Alloy having aluminum, magnesium or titanium, or a fiber composite material is performed. At least the connecting elements 4 are in this case realized by a lightweight material, while in further embodiments the sleeve 3 and / or the connecting elements 4 can also be realized by materials with high weight. Preferably, however, the sleeve 3 and the connecting elements 4 are made of the same material as the connecting elements 4. By thus realized lightweight construction concept, for example, a plastic holding tion as a medical device is obtained, which is very light with a weight between 200 g and 250 g, typically 300 g and much lighter than a comparable stereotactic frame, which usually weighs 3 kg. In addition, this device can be prepared by steam sterilization for use.
Eine Tragepflicht sollte hierbei nur während des operativen Eingriffs bestehen, wobei sich die Operationszeit ebenfalls aufgrund der vereinfachten Handhabung verkürzt. Alle Einstellungen sind bereits durch die Rapid-Prototype- Fertigung implementiert und es entfallen zeitaufwändige Justierungen. A duty of care should only exist during the surgical procedure, whereby the operating time is also shortened due to the simplified handling. All settings are already implemented by the Rapid Prototype production and eliminates time-consuming adjustments.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich zu der Führung der Biopsienadel kann die Vorrichtung auch zum Einbringen von mindestens einer, vorzugsweise mindestens zwei Elektroden zur Tiefenhirnstimulation, für eine Photodynamische Thera- pie, bei der ein Endoskop samt einem Lichtwellenleiter eingebracht werden und bzw. oder zum Durchführen einer Behandlung mittels gepulsten Ultraschalls benutzt werden. As an alternative or in addition to the guidance of the biopsy needle, the device can also be used for introducing at least one, preferably at least two electrodes for deep brain stimulation, for photodynamic therapy in which an endoscope together with an optical waveguide is introduced and / or for carrying out a treatment by means of pulsed ultrasound.
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird lediglich eine einzelne MRT-Aufnahme gemacht, für die Marker verwendet werden, die an den Knochenankern, d. h. den späteren Verbindungsstellen der herzustellenden medizinischen Vorrich- tung mit dem Schädelknochen für den Zeitpunkt der Bildgebung mittels Magnetresonanztomographie befestigt werden. Diese Marker werden auf die vorhandenen Knochenschrauben, die typischerweise aus einem Werkstoff ausgebildet sind, der für eine Magnetresonanztomographie geeignet ist, befestigt, beispielsweise durch Einschrauben. Die Marker weisen hierfür einen zylinderförmigen Körper auf, der mit dem Medium gefüllt ist. An einer der beiden eine Mantelfläche des zylinderförmigen Körpers begrenzenden Oberfläche ist ein Gewinde angebracht. Figur 2 zeigt in einer seitlichen Ansicht einen entsprechenden Marker 9. In one embodiment, only a single MRI scan is made using markers attached to the bone anchors, ie the later junctures of the medical device to be manufactured. be fixed with the skull bone at the time of imaging by means of magnetic resonance tomography. These markers are attached to the existing bone screws, which are typically formed of a material suitable for magnetic resonance imaging, for example by screwing. The markers have for this purpose a cylindrical body which is filled with the medium. On one of the two a lateral surface of the cylindrical body defining surface is threaded. FIG. 2 shows a side view of a corresponding marker 9.
Figur 3 zeigt in einer perspektivischen Ansicht eine Knochenschraube 10, die auch als Knochenanker bezeichnet wird und an einer Unterseite ebenfalls ein Schneidgewinde aufweist, mit dem sie am Patienten befestigbar ist. Dem Schneidgewinde entgegengesetzt ist eine Aufnahme mit einem Innengewinde, das derart ausgebildet ist, dass das Gewinde der Marker 9 darin befestigt werden kann. Durch die bekannte Geometrie der Marker 9 und der dadurch ermittelbaren Koordinatenpunkte im Raum kann die medizinische Vorrichtung schnell durch ein Rapid-Prototyping-Verfahren und zw. oder ein Computer- aided design/Computer-aided manufacturing-Verfahren konstruiert und gefertigt werden. Hierdurch ist nur ein Bildgebungsverfahren, nämlich Computertomographie oder Magnetresonanztomographie nötig, um die FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a bone screw 10, which is also referred to as a bone anchor, and also has a cutting thread on an underside, with which it can be fastened to the patient. Opposite the cutting thread is a receptacle with an internal thread, which is designed such that the thread of the marker 9 can be fastened therein. As a result of the known geometry of the markers 9 and the coordinate points that can be determined in space, the medical device can be quickly constructed and manufactured by a rapid prototyping method and / or a computer-aided design / computer-aided manufacturing method. As a result, only one imaging method, namely computed tomography or magnetic resonance tomography is necessary to the
Biopsieplanung durchzuführen, so dass Ungenauigkeiten bei einer Lokalisation eines Zielpunkts, wie sie bei Fusionierungsprozessen auftreten, vermieden werden können. Perform biopsy planning so that inaccuracies in a localization of a target point, such as occur in fusion processes, can be avoided.
In Figur 4 ist in einer Figur 2 entsprechenden Ansicht gezeigt, wie der Marker 9 mit der Knochenschraube 10 verbunden ist. FIG. 4 shows, in a view corresponding to FIG. 2, how the marker 9 is connected to the bone screw 10.
Lediglich in den Ausführungsbeispielen offenbarte Merkmale der einzelnen Ausführungsformen können miteinander kombiniert und einzeln beansprucht werden. Only in the embodiments disclosed features of the individual embodiments can be combined and claimed individually.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016211969.9A DE102016211969B4 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2016-06-30 | Medical device for performing a biopsy and method of making the medical device |
| PCT/EP2017/065577 WO2018001904A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2017-06-23 | Medical device for performing a biopsy and method for producing the medical device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3478187A1 true EP3478187A1 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
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| EP17734042.9A Withdrawn EP3478187A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2017-06-23 | Medical device for performing a biopsy and method for producing the medical device |
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| US (1) | US20190350666A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3478187A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN109561889A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102016211969B4 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018001904A1 (en) |
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| JP2019531787A (en) | 2016-08-30 | 2019-11-07 | ザ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニバーシティ オブ カリフォルニア | Biomedical targeting and delivery method and apparatus and system for performing the same |
| CN111132626B (en) | 2017-07-17 | 2024-01-30 | 沃雅戈治疗公司 | Track array guidance system |
| CN110141318B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-10-02 | 北京万特福医疗器械有限公司 | Neurosurgery minimal access surgery frameless locater |
| CN110432957B (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2021-01-26 | 无锡圣诺亚科技有限公司 | Head puncture positioning method and device |
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| US20070106305A1 (en) * | 2005-11-07 | 2007-05-10 | Vanderbilt University | Adjustable universal surgical platform |
| US20150202011A1 (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-07-23 | Medtronic Navigation, Inc. | Stereotactic Access Devices And Methods |
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| US4613324A (en) * | 1985-06-17 | 1986-09-23 | Ghajar Jamshid B G | Method and apparatus for guiding catheter into ventricular system of human brain |
| US5387220A (en) | 1993-06-15 | 1995-02-07 | Pisharodi; Maohaven | Stereotactic frame and localization method |
| US7651506B2 (en) * | 2003-10-02 | 2010-01-26 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Frameless stereotactic guidance of medical procedures |
| WO2008014261A2 (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-01-31 | Vanderbilt University | Adjustable surgical platform and surgical instrument using same |
| US20080171930A1 (en) * | 2007-01-16 | 2008-07-17 | Ar2 Partners, Inc. | Method and apparatus for positioning an instrument in a predetermined region within a patient's body |
| JP5497651B2 (en) * | 2007-11-05 | 2014-05-21 | エコール ポリテクニーク フェデラル ドゥ ローザンヌ(エーペーエフエル) | Adjustable stereotaxic device and method for neurosurgical stereotactic brain surgery without a frame |
| US20110071432A1 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-03-24 | Carrillo Jr Oscar R | Fine Needle Aspiration Device with Distal Anchor |
| IN2013MN00105A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2015-05-29 | Omeq Medical Ltd | |
| US20130274778A1 (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2013-10-17 | Orthosoft Inc. | Patient specific surgical guide |
| US10111683B2 (en) * | 2012-12-22 | 2018-10-30 | Omeq Medical Ltd. | Positioning and tissue sensing devices and methods |
| CN204951152U (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2016-01-13 | 自贡市第四人民医院 | Bone conduction model aeroplane and model ship board is cut through way of escape individuation to chest lumbar vertebrae deformity |
| CN105640629A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-06-08 | 欧阳晓 | Perfusion biological intramedullary fixation device for osteoporotic proximal femoral fracture |
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2016
- 2016-06-30 DE DE102016211969.9A patent/DE102016211969B4/en active Active
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2017
- 2017-06-23 WO PCT/EP2017/065577 patent/WO2018001904A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2017-06-23 US US16/314,648 patent/US20190350666A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-06-23 CN CN201780047112.4A patent/CN109561889A/en active Pending
- 2017-06-23 EP EP17734042.9A patent/EP3478187A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070106305A1 (en) * | 2005-11-07 | 2007-05-10 | Vanderbilt University | Adjustable universal surgical platform |
| US20150202011A1 (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-07-23 | Medtronic Navigation, Inc. | Stereotactic Access Devices And Methods |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109561889A (en) | 2019-04-02 |
| WO2018001904A1 (en) | 2018-01-04 |
| US20190350666A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
| DE102016211969A1 (en) | 2018-01-04 |
| DE102016211969B4 (en) | 2021-03-11 |
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