EP3465815A1 - Guide d'ondes comprenant une couche conductrice épaisse - Google Patents
Guide d'ondes comprenant une couche conductrice épaisseInfo
- Publication number
- EP3465815A1 EP3465815A1 EP17728662.2A EP17728662A EP3465815A1 EP 3465815 A1 EP3465815 A1 EP 3465815A1 EP 17728662 A EP17728662 A EP 17728662A EP 3465815 A1 EP3465815 A1 EP 3465815A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- core
- layer
- waveguide
- conductive layer
- thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
- H01P11/001—Manufacturing waveguides or transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P11/002—Manufacturing hollow waveguides
Definitions
- Waveguide comprising a thick conductive layer
- the present invention relates to a waveguide device, a method of manufacturing said waveguide and an information carrier for the manufacture of said waveguide.
- Radio frequency (RF) signals can propagate either in a free space or in waveguide devices. These waveguide devices are used to channel the RF signals or to manipulate them in the spatial or frequency domain.
- the present invention particularly relates to passive RF devices that propagate and manipulate signals.
- Passive waveguides can be divided into three distinct categories:
- the present invention relates in particular to the first category above, collectively referred to hereafter as guides. wave.
- Examples of such devices include waveguides per se, filters, antennas, mode converters, and so on. They can be used for signal routing, frequency filtering, separation or recombination of signals, transmission or reception of signals in or from free space, etc.
- FIG. 1 An example of conventional waveguide is illustrated in Figure 1. It is constituted by a hollow device, the shape and proportions determine the propagation characteristics for a given wavelength of the electromagnetic signal.
- Conventional waveguides used for radio frequency signals have internal openings of rectangular or circular section. They allow to propagate electromagnetic modes corresponding to different distributions of electromagnetic field along their section.
- the waveguide has a height B along the y axis and a width A along the x axis.
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates the electric field lines E and magnetic lines H in such a waveguide.
- the dominant mode of propagation is in this case the electrical transverse mode called TE10.
- Index 1 indicates the number of half-wavelengths across the width of the guide, and 0 the number of half-wavelengths along the height.
- Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a waveguide with circular section. Circular modes of transmission can propagate in such a waveguide.
- the arrows in FIG. 4 illustrate the transmission mode TE1 1; the substantially vertical arrows show the electric field, the arrows further horizontal the magnetic field. The orientation of the field changes across the section of the waveguide.
- FIG. 5 Examples of possible waveguide apertures are illustrated in FIG. 5.
- the illustrated surface corresponds to the section of the waveguide aperture delimited by electrically conductive surfaces.
- the shape and surface of the section may further vary along the main direction of the waveguide device.
- Waveguides with ceramic or polymer walls manufactured by an additive method and then covered with a metal veneer have been suggested in particular.
- the inner surfaces of the waveguide must indeed be electrically conductive to operate.
- the use of a non-conductive core makes it possible on the one hand to reduce the weight and the cost of the device, on the other hand to implement 3D printing methods adapted to polymers or ceramics and making it possible to produce parts high precision with low roughness.
- waveguide 1 made by additive manufacturing comprises a core 3 non-conductive, for example polymer or ceramic, which is manufactured for example by stereolithography, by selective laser melting or by another additive method and which defines an internal opening 2 for propagation of the RF signal.
- the window has a rectangular section of width a and height b.
- the inner walls of this core around the opening 2 are coated with an electrically conductive coating 4, for example a metal veneer.
- the outer walls of the waveguide are also coated with a metal plating which may be of the same metal and the same thickness. This outer coating strengthens the waveguide against external mechanical or chemical stresses.
- Figure 7 illustrates an alternative waveguide similar to that of Figure 6, but without the conductive coating on the outer faces.
- the waveguides are typically used outside, for example in the aerospace (plane, helicopter, drone) to equip a spacecraft in space, on a boat at sea or on a sub-gear. marine, on gear evolving in the desert or high mountain, each time in hostile or even extreme conditions. In these environments, waveguides are particularly exposed to:
- existing techniques do not allow the manufacture of waveguides sufficiently resistant to evolve in hostile environments.
- the existing waveguides manufactured by additive manufacturing of a polymer core whose inner surface is covered with metal, do not have mechanical and structural characteristics that allow satisfactory use in hostile environments where they are used.
- the waveguides Exposed to significant variations in pressure or temperature, the structure of these waveguides is unstable and tends to degrade which disrupts the transmission of the RF signal.
- the existing waveguides manufactured by additive manufacturing of a conductive material, such as a metal material, have surface conditions of too low quality, including excessive roughness, which degrades the RF performance of the waveguide. wave and makes additive manufacturing difficult to use for this application.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a waveguide device free or minimizing the limitations of known devices.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an additive fabrication waveguide device which can be used in
- the device comprising:
- a core manufactured by additive manufacturing of conductive or preferably non-conductive material, comprising side walls with external and internal surfaces, the internal surfaces delimiting a waveguide channel,
- a smoothing layer covering the inner surface of the core, made to smooth at least partially the irregularities of the layer of the inner surface of the core,
- a metal conductive layer covering the smoothing layer, said conductive layer being formed of a metal characterized by a skin depth ⁇ at the frequency f, the conductive layer having a thickness at least five times equal to said skin depth ⁇ , preferably at least 20 times said skin depth.
- the skin depth ⁇ is defined as: where ⁇ is the magnetic permeability of the plated metal, f is the radio frequency of the signal to be transmitted and ⁇ is the electrical conductivity of the plated metal. Intuitively, it is the thickness of the area where the current in the conductor is concentrated at a given frequency.
- waveguides are known in which the conductive layer deposited on the core is very thin, less than the skin depth of the metal constituting the conductive layer. So, he was
- the inventors have discovered that by increasing the thickness of the conductive layer so that the latter reaches a thickness at least five times equal to the skin depth ⁇ of the metal of the conductive layer, preferably at least equal to twenty Once this depth is reached, the structural, mechanical, thermal and chemical properties of the waveguide depend mainly or almost exclusively on the conductive layer. This surprising behavior is observed although the thickness of the conductive layer remains significantly less than the thickness of the core.
- the resistance of the device selected from tensile strength, torsion, bending or a combination of these resistors is conferred mainly by the conductive layer.
- the conductive layer is made of metal and is less thick than the core and yet it is the metal layer that provides the essential rigidity of the device. Thus, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the core, and thus its dimensions, while improving the tensile strength, torsion, bending of the device (see Figure 12).
- the thickness of the walls and thus the dimensions of the waveguide, while increasing the tensile strength (for example rigidity), torsion, bending of the waveguide, especially for spacecraft or submarine or where the space available for each component is restricted.
- the resistance of the device selected from the tensile strength, torsion, bending or a combination of these resistors being conferred mainly by the conductive layer over the operating temperature range of the device.
- operating temperatures means temperatures between -150 ° C and + 150 ° C. This temperature range makes it possible to cover the majority of the temperatures where the device according to the invention is likely to evolve (space, desert, deep water, etc.).
- the conductive layer has a thickness between twenty times and sixty times the skin depth ⁇ . This embodiment makes it possible to reduce or even eliminate the roughness of the conductive surface. It also strengthens the resistance in tension, in torsion, in bending of the device, for example the rigidity of the waveguide.
- the conductive layer has a thickness of between sixty and one thousand times the skin depth ⁇ .
- Such a conductive layer thickness particularly makes it possible to reinforce the tensile strength, torsion, bending of the device, for example the rigidity of the waveguide.
- the device comprises a smoothing layer between the core and the conductive layer.
- the additive manufacturing process creates a high roughness (for example, hollows and bumps), especially on the edges and surface of the core, particularly on the edges at an angle.
- These hollows and bumps can take the form of steps, each step representing the addition of a layer of non-conductive material during additive manufacturing. It was observed that after covering the core with a thin conductive layer, the roughness of the core persisted so that the surface after metallization still had a roughness which disturbed the transmission of the RF signal. In this case, the addition of a smoothing layer between the core and the conductive layer makes it possible to reduce or even eliminate this roughness, which improves the transmission of the RF signal.
- the smoothing layer may be of conductive or non-conductive material.
- This smoothing layer is preferably between 5 and 500 microns, preferably between 10 and 150 microns,
- this thickness effectively smoothes the surface irregularities due to the printing process.
- the thickness of said smoothing layer is preferably greater than or equal to the roughness (Ra) of the core.
- the thickness of said smoothing layer is preferably greater than or equal to the resolution of the manufacturing process of the core.
- the smoothing layer comprises a weakly conductive material, for example nickel
- the transmission of the RF signal is provided essentially by the outer metal conductive layer
- the influence of the smoothing layer is negligible, and in this case the outer conductive layer must be at least five times the thickness of the
- the resistance of the device selected from tensile strength, torsion, bending or a combination of these resistors is conferred mainly by the conductive layer comprising the smoothing layer.
- the resistance of the device selected from tensile strength, torsion, bending or a combination of these resistors is conferred mainly by the conductive layer comprising the smoothing layer over the temperature range.
- a conductive layer thicker than what would be required by the skin thickness also helps to smooth the roughness of the soul due to the resolution of the 3D printer.
- the conductive layer also makes it possible to reduce or even eliminate the roughness of the core.
- This smoothing layer also improves the structural, mechanical, thermal and chemical properties of the waveguide device.
- the device comprises a hooking layer (or priming) between the core and the conductive layer.
- the attachment layer is on the inner surface of the core.
- the attachment layer may be of conductive or non-conductive material.
- the bonding layer makes it possible to improve the adhesion of the conductor on the core. Its thickness is preferably less than the roughness Ra of the core, and less than the resolution of the additive manufacturing process of the core.
- the device comprises
- the bonding layer and the smoothing layer make it possible to reduce the roughness of the surface of the waveguide channel.
- the bonding layer makes it possible to improve the adhesion of the conductive or non-conductive core with the smoothing layer and the conductive layer.
- the metal layer comprises a plurality of metal sub-layers.
- the conductive layer comprises several successive layers of highly conductive metals, for example Cu, Au, Ag, the skin depth ⁇ is determined by the properties of the materials of all the layers in which the film current is concentrated.
- the skin depth ⁇ of the weakly conductive sub-layer is negligible in the calculation of the thickness of the conductive layer, most of the transmission of the RF signal being provided by the sub-layers of highly conductive metals deposited on top of the sub-layer of weakly conductive materials.
- the conductive metal layer also covers the outer surface of the core.
- the core comprises at least one layer of polymer and / or ceramic.
- the core is formed of a metal or an alloy.
- the metal or alloy is selected from Cu, Au, Ag, Ni, Al, stainless steel, brass or a combination of these choices.
- the metal layer comprises a metal selected from Cu, Au, Ag, Ni, Al, stainless steel, brass.
- the attachment layer optionally comprises a metal selected from Cu, Au, Ag, Ni, Al, stainless steel, brass, a non-conductive material, for example a polymer or a ceramic or a combination. of these choices.
- the smoothing layer optionally comprises a metal selected from Cu, Au, Ag, Ni, Al, stainless steel, brass, a non-conductive material, for example a polymer or a ceramic or a combination. of these choices.
- the device comprises
- the device comprises
- the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a waveguide device for guiding a radio frequency signal at a determined frequency f, the method comprising:
- a conductive layer on the inner surface of the core, said conductive layer being formed of a metal characterized by a skin depth ⁇ at frequency f, the process being characterized in that said conductive layer has a thickness equal to at least twenty times said skin depth ⁇ .
- the deposition of the conductive layer on the core is carried out by electrolytic deposition or electroplating, chemical deposition, vacuum deposition, physical deposition by vapor phase (PVD), deposition by printing, deposition by sintering. .
- the conductive layer comprises several layers of metals and / or non-metals deposited successively.
- the manufacture of said core comprises an additive manufacturing step.
- Additive manufacturing means any process for manufacturing parts by adding material, according to computer data stored on a computer medium and defining a model of the part.
- stereolithography and selective laser melting the term also refers to other manufacturing methods such as curing or coagulation of liquid or powder including, but not limited to, jet-based methods.
- ink binder jetting
- DED Direct Energy Deposition
- EBFF Electro beam freeform fabrication
- FDM fused deposition modeling
- PFF plastic freeforming
- aerosol aerosol
- BPM ballistic particle manufacturing
- SLS Selective Laser Sintering
- ALM additive Layer Manufacturing
- polyjet EBM (electron beam melting), photopolymerization, etc.
- the manufacture by stereolithography or by selective laser melting is however preferred because it makes it possible to obtain parts with relatively clean surface conditions with low roughness, which reduces the stresses on the smoothing layer.
- the invention furthermore relates to a manufacturing process comprising:
- said data representing the shape of a core are determined by taking into account the thickness of the conductive layer so that the waveguide is optimized for RF signal transmission at the frequency f , the conductive layer having a thickness of at least five times, preferably twenty times, the skin depth ⁇ .
- the dimensions of the waveguide channel are determined as a function of the frequency of the wave to be transmitted. It is necessary that to know the thickness of the conductive layers and the thickness of the walls of the core to calculate the dimensions (width and height) of the waveguide channel.
- the thickness of the core which is manufactured is calculated taking into account the unusual thickness of the conductive layer which will be deposited in a second time on the core to obtain a guide channel of waves to the required dimensions.
- the invention also relates to a computer data medium containing data intended to be read by an additive manufacturing device for manufacturing an object, said data
- the shape of a waveguide core said core having sidewalls with outer and inner surfaces, the inner surfaces defining a waveguide channel.
- the computer data medium can be constituted for example by a hard disk, a flash memory, a virtual disk, a USD key, an optical disk, a storage medium in a network or cloud type, etc..
- FIG. 1 illustrates a truncated perspective view of a conventional rectangular waveguide device.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the magnetic and electrical field lines in the device of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a truncated perspective view of a conventional circular waveguide device.
- Figure 4 illustrates the magnetic and electrical field lines in the device of Figure 3.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a truncated perspective view of a rectangular section waveguide produced by additive manufacturing and whose inner and outer walls are both covered with a conductive electrical material deposition.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a truncated perspective view of a rectangular section waveguide device produced by additive manufacturing and of which only the internal walls are covered with a deposition of conductive electrical material.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate a device according to a first embodiment in which the core is covered with a single conductive layer on the inner face and, respectively, on the inner and outer face.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate a device according to a second embodiment in which the core is covered with a layer of smoothing then a conductive layer on the inner face and, respectively, on the inner and outer face.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate a device according to a third embodiment in which the core is covered with a bonding layer, a smoothing layer and then a conductive layer on the internal face and, respectively, on the inner and outer side.
- FIG. 12 is a comparative table of the Young's moduli for a waveguide according to the prior art and a waveguide according to the present invention.
- FIGS 8, 9 and 10 show three embodiments of a waveguide device 1 according to the invention, with each time two sub-variants.
- the waveguide 1 comprises a core 3, for example a metal core (aluminum, titanium or steel), or optionally polymer, epoxy, ceramic, or organic material.
- the core 3 is manufactured by additive manufacturing, preferably stereolithography or selective laser melting to reduce the roughness of the surface.
- the material of the soul can be non-conductive or
- the thickness of the walls of the core is for example between 0.5 and 3 mm, preferably between 0.8 and 1.5 mm.
- the shape of the soul can be determined by a file
- the core may also consist of several parts formed by stereolithography or by selective laser melting and assembled together before plating, for example by gluing or thermal fusion or mechanical assembly.
- This core 3 delimits an internal channel 2 for waveguiding, and whose section is determined according to the frequency of the electromagnetic signal to be transmitted.
- the dimensions of this internal channel a, b and its shape are determined according to the operating frequency of the device 1, that is to say the frequency of the electromagnetic signal for which the device is manufactured and for which a stable transmission mode and optionally with a minimum of attenuation is obtained.
- the core 3 has an inner surface 7 and an outer surface 8, the inner surface 7 covering the walls of the rectangular section opening 2.
- the internal surface 7 of the polymer core 3 is covered with a conductive metal layer 4, for example copper, silver, gold, nickel, etc. plated by chemical deposition without electrical current.
- the thickness of this layer is for example between 1 and 20 microns, for example between 4 and 10 microns.
- this conductive coating 4 must be sufficient for the surface to be electrically conductive at the chosen radio frequency. This is typically obtained using a conductive layer whose thickness is greater than the skin depth ⁇ .
- this thickness is substantially constant on all internal surfaces to obtain a finished part with dimensional tolerances for the precise channel.
- the thickness of this layer 4 is at least twenty times greater than the skin depth in order to improve the structural, mechanical, thermal and chemical properties of the device.
- the outer surface 8 of the core is bare. In order to protect it, in the embodiment of FIG. 8B, this external surface is also covered with a layer
- the deposition of conductive metal 4,5 on the inner faces 7 and possibly outer 8 is done by immersing the core 3 in a series of successive baths, typically 1 to 15 baths. Each bath involves a fluid with one or more reagents. The deposition does not require applying a current on the core to be covered. Stirring and regular deposition are obtained by stirring the fluid, for example by pumping the fluid into the transmission channel and / or around the device or by vibrating the core 3 and / or the fluid tank, for example with a device vibrating ultrasound to create ultrasonic waves.
- the inner surface 7 of the polymer core 3 is covered with a smoothing layer 9, for example a layer of Ni.
- the thickness of the smoothing layer 9 is at least equal to the roughness Ra of the inner surface 7, or at least equal to the resolution of the 3D printing process used to manufacture the core (the resolution of the printing process 3D determining the roughness Ra of the surface). In one embodiment, the thickness of this layer is between 5 and 500 micrometers, preferably between 10 and 150 micrometers, preferably between 20 and 150 micrometers.
- This smoothing layer also determines the mechanical and thermal properties of the device 1.
- the Ni layer 9 is then covered with the conductive layer 4, for example copper, silver, gold, etc.
- the smoothing layer makes it possible to smooth the surface of the core and thus to reduce the transmission losses due to the roughness of the internal surface.
- the core 3 is covered with a metal layer 4 + 9 formed of a smoothing layer 9 and a conductive layer 4.
- the total thickness of this layer 4 + 9 is greater than or equal to five times, preferably twenty times the skin depth ⁇ .
- the value of the Young's modulus of the device 1 is conferred mainly by this conducting layer 4 + 9.
- the thickness of the conductive layer 4 may also only be greater than or equal to twenty times the skin depth ⁇ .
- the most conductive layer is preferably deposited last at the periphery.
- the inner surface 7 of the non-conductive polymer core 3 is covered with a smoothing layer 9 of Ni, deposited by chemical deposition.
- the Ni layer 9 is then covered by chemical deposition of a conductive layer 4 made of Cu, the thickness of which is at least equal to twenty skin thicknesses at the nominal transmission frequency of the waveguide.
- the outer surface 8 of the core 3 is also covered by chemical deposition of a nickel smoothing layer 6, which also serves as a structural support.
- a conductive layer 5, for example copper, may be deposited on top of this smoothing layer.
- the waveguide 1 comprises an attachment layer 11, for example a Cu layer, over the inner surface 7 of the core 3; this layer
- the attachment layer facilitates the subsequent deposition of the smoothing layer 9 if such a layer is provided, or of the conductive layer 4.
- the thickness of this layer is advantageously less than 30 micrometers.
- the waveguide 1 comprises an attachment layer 12, for example a Cu layer, over the outer surface 8 of the core 3; this attachment layer facilitates the subsequent deposition of the smoothing layer 6.
- Figure 1 1 is a diagram showing a longitudinal section of a portion of the inner surface 7 of the core 3 of a waveguide device 1 having a waveguide channel 2. It can be seen that this inner surface is very irregular or rough because of the additive manufacturing process.
- the waveguide 1 comprises a bonding layer 1 1, for example a Cu layer between 1 and 10 micrometers thick.
- the thickness of this smoothing layer is as follows: less than the resolution of the additive printing system and therefore the roughness of Ra of the surface; in one embodiment, the thickness of the smoothing layer 9 is between 5 and 500 micrometers, preferably between 20 and 150 micrometers.
- a third conductive layer 4 of copper or silver is deposited by chemical deposition on the smoothing layer 9; its thickness is preferably greater than or equal to twenty times the skin thickness at the nominal frequency f of the waveguide, so that the surface currents concentrate mainly, or almost exclusively, in this layer.
- the relatively large thickness of this conductive layer 4 also makes it possible to reinforce the mechanical rigidity of the device.
- the thickness of this layer is between 5 and 50 micrometers, preferably between 5 and 15 micrometers.
- the table of FIG. 12 compares the Young's modulus of a waveguide 1 entirely in Al with the Young's modulus of a device. waveguide 1 according to the invention.
- the waveguide according to the prior art used for this comparison consists of a 500 micrometer thick AI sheet having a Young's modulus of 72500 N / mm 2 .
- the waveguide 1 according to the invention used in this example comprises a polymer core 3 of 1 mm thick, a coupling layer 1 1 of Cu 5 micrometer, a smoothing layer 9 of Ni 90 micrometer and a conductive layer 4 of Cu of 5 microns.
- the overall thickness of the coating is thus 100 micrometers for a Young's modulus of 214000 N / mm 2 .
- the flexural strength (flexural rigidity) of the waveguide according to the invention is greater than that of the waveguide made entirely of aluminum according to the prior art, for a reduced weight.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Waveguides (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1600865A FR3051924B1 (fr) | 2016-05-30 | 2016-05-30 | Guide d'ondes comprenant une couche conductrice epaisse |
| PCT/IB2017/053178 WO2017208153A1 (fr) | 2016-05-30 | 2017-05-30 | Guide d'ondes comprenant une couche conductrice épaisse |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3465815A1 true EP3465815A1 (fr) | 2019-04-10 |
| EP3465815B1 EP3465815B1 (fr) | 2021-04-21 |
Family
ID=57233501
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17728662.2A Active EP3465815B1 (fr) | 2016-05-30 | 2017-05-30 | Guide d'ondes comprenant une couche conductrice épaisse |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10862186B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3465815B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN109196715B (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2881828T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3051924B1 (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL263297B (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2017208153A1 (fr) |
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| FR3075482B1 (fr) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-09-18 | Swissto12 Sa | Procede pour fabriquer un dispositif a guide d’ondes |
| US11367964B2 (en) | 2018-01-02 | 2022-06-21 | Optisys, LLC | Dual-band integrated printed antenna feed |
| WO2019140458A1 (fr) | 2018-01-15 | 2019-07-18 | Optisys, LLC | Orientation de construction pour la fabrication additive de structures complexes |
| KR102437420B1 (ko) | 2018-03-02 | 2022-08-29 | 옵티시스, 엘엘씨 | 금속 적층 제조를 이용한 안테나 조립체의 대량 맞춤화 |
| US11996600B2 (en) | 2018-11-14 | 2024-05-28 | Optisys, Inc. | Hollow metal waveguides having irregular hexagonal cross sections with specified interior angles |
| KR102577948B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-14 | 2023-09-14 | 옵티시스 인코포레이티드 | 불규칙 육각형 단면을 가지는 중공의 금속 도파관 및 이를 제조하는 방법 |
| US11233304B2 (en) | 2018-11-19 | 2022-01-25 | Optisys, LLC | Irregular hexagon cross-sectioned hollow metal waveguide filters |
| FR3095081B1 (fr) | 2019-04-09 | 2022-04-01 | Swissto12 Sa | Arrangement d’un ensemble de guides d'ondes et son procédé de fabrication |
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| JP7773544B2 (ja) | 2020-12-08 | 2025-11-19 | フーバー + スーナー アーゲー | アンテナデバイス |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3195079A (en) * | 1963-10-07 | 1965-07-13 | Burton Silverplating | Built up nonmetallic wave guide having metallic coating extending into corner joint and method of making same |
| US3769618A (en) * | 1971-12-27 | 1973-10-30 | Freedman J | Thin film low temperature conductors and transmission lines |
| US3982215A (en) * | 1973-03-08 | 1976-09-21 | Rca Corporation | Metal plated body composed of graphite fibre epoxy composite |
| EP2225794B1 (fr) * | 2007-12-20 | 2014-03-19 | Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) | Dispositif de transition pour guide d'ondes |
| JP2010252092A (ja) * | 2009-04-16 | 2010-11-04 | Tyco Electronics Japan Kk | 導波管 |
| CN102623647A (zh) * | 2012-04-05 | 2012-08-01 | 四川虹视显示技术有限公司 | 有机电致发光器件的制造方法及基板 |
| JP2014037081A (ja) * | 2012-08-15 | 2014-02-27 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | カード |
| CN105051944B (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2019-04-02 | 锡安能量公司 | 受保护电极结构和方法 |
| DE102014112509B4 (de) * | 2014-08-29 | 2020-12-17 | Dyemansion Gmbh | Verwendung eines Imprägniermittels zum Imprägnieren von in einem 3D-Druckverfahren hergestellten Formteilen |
| CN105420674A (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-03-23 | 济南晶正电子科技有限公司 | 单晶薄膜键合体及其制造方法 |
-
2016
- 2016-05-30 FR FR1600865A patent/FR3051924B1/fr active Active
-
2017
- 2017-05-30 EP EP17728662.2A patent/EP3465815B1/fr active Active
- 2017-05-30 WO PCT/IB2017/053178 patent/WO2017208153A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2017-05-30 CN CN201780033086.XA patent/CN109196715B/zh active Active
- 2017-05-30 US US16/304,760 patent/US10862186B2/en active Active
- 2017-05-30 ES ES17728662T patent/ES2881828T3/es active Active
-
2018
- 2018-11-26 IL IL263297A patent/IL263297B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109196715A (zh) | 2019-01-11 |
| WO2017208153A1 (fr) | 2017-12-07 |
| EP3465815B1 (fr) | 2021-04-21 |
| ES2881828T3 (es) | 2021-11-30 |
| US20200127358A1 (en) | 2020-04-23 |
| IL263297B (en) | 2021-10-31 |
| FR3051924B1 (fr) | 2020-04-10 |
| CN109196715B (zh) | 2021-04-20 |
| US10862186B2 (en) | 2020-12-08 |
| IL263297A (en) | 2018-12-31 |
| FR3051924A1 (fr) | 2017-12-01 |
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