EP3306042A1 - Moteur thermique à procédé discontinu - Google Patents

Moteur thermique à procédé discontinu Download PDF

Info

Publication number: EP3306042A1
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: heat; container; transfer medium; heat transfer; evaporator
Prior art date: 2016-09-12
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Granted

Application number

EP17020349.1A

Other languages

German (de)

English (en)

Other versions

EP3306042B1 (fr

Inventor

Michael Löffler

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Individual

Original Assignee

Individual

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

2016-09-12

Filing date

2017-08-09

Publication date

2018-04-11

2017-08-09 Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual

2017-08-09 Priority to PL17020349T priority Critical patent/PL3306042T3/pl

2017-08-09 Priority to HRP20220109TT priority patent/HRP20220109T1/hr

2017-08-09 Priority to SI201731063T priority patent/SI3306042T1/sl

2018-04-11 Publication of EP3306042A1 publication Critical patent/EP3306042A1/fr

2021-11-03 Application granted granted Critical

2021-11-03 Publication of EP3306042B1 publication Critical patent/EP3306042B1/fr

Status Active legal-status Critical Current

2037-08-09 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Images

Classifications

- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
- F01K3/12—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having two or more accumulators
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/028—Steam generation using heat accumulators
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/16—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being hot liquid or hot vapour, e.g. waste liquid, waste vapour
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
- F28D20/0039—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material with stratification of the heat storage material
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
- F28D2020/0082—Multiple tanks arrangements, e.g. adjacent tanks, tank in tank

Definitions

WKM heat engines
supplied heat is used to evaporate a working fluid, often water, at elevated pressure.
the liquid working fluid is first preheated in one or more heat exchangers, evaporated and overheated in most cases.
the steam generated in heat exchangers is supplied to the expansion machine (feed steam) and relaxed therein.
the mechanical energy gained with the expansion machine is usually converted into electrical energy and fed into electricity grids.
the expanded steam is usually fed to a condenser and condensed there.
the fully condensed working fluid is brought by the liquid pump to an elevated pressure and fed back to the evaporator. This closes the cycle of the working fluid.
the process is called circular process.
Turbines are predominantly used as expansion machines. But are also possible, for example. Piston machines, screw machines and vane machines (rotary piston machines). Continuous relaxation machines such as e.g. Turbines work very effectively at a certain (relaxation) pressure ratio ⁇ . If one deviates from this pressure ratio ⁇ , then the exergetic quality of the relaxation decreases rapidly. Discontinuous relaxation machines, such as e.g. Piston machines and screw machines have high exergetic qualities even with widely varying pressure ratio ⁇ . This follows in piston engines and screw machines from the variability of the degree of filling of the cylinder.
CRC Clasusius Rankine Process
ORC Organic Rankine Process
Heat sources for sensitive low-temperature heat can be, for example, geothermal plants, solar plants or waste heat streams from industrial processes.
an ideal WKM process in the T-s diagram has the shape of a triangle. This process form is called in the literature triangular process or triangle cycle or trilateral cycle [1]. If a triangular process can be realized, the triangular process can generate, for example, 30% more mechanical power from the available heat compared to ORC or CRC, which represent the state of the art [2, 3]. However, it has not yet been possible to realize a triangular process.
the invention is based on the realization of batch processes in the field of thermodynamic cycle processes.
cycle processes There are essentially two forms of cycle processes: heat pumps and heat engines.
heat pumps In the field of heat pumps, batch processes have already been successfully implemented (EP EP2470850 A2 ).
the technique of batch processes is transferred to heat engines with the present invention.
Heat engines usually operate at a constant vapor pressure.
the heat source provides essentially sensible heat via a heat transfer medium.
Heat transfer medium is for example water or thermal oil. If the heat source is exhaust gas or thermal water, the heat must first be transferred from the heat source to water or thermal oil (not shown).
the heat is used in heat exchangers for preheating, evaporation and overheating of working fluid.
the heat transfer medium is temporarily stored in a container 1a. This container can be connected via valves either for loading with the heat source 21 or for discharging with the evaporator 40. During loading, warmer working fluid from the heat source 21 flows up into the container 1a or 1b and colder working fluid from the bottom out of the container.
the discharge warmer heat transfer medium flows from the top of the container 1 a and into the evaporator 40, and a few Kelvin cooled heat transfer medium down from the evaporator 40 and a pump 41 below in the container 1 a.
the container 1a is successively cooled, whereby the vapor pressure of the working fluid gradually decreases.
the cooling is continued until a minimum temperature of the heat transfer medium is reached.
the time from the beginning of the cooling of the container 1a until reaching the minimum temperature we call a bar.
EP EP2470850 A2 for heat pumps in the heat engine also two containers 1a and 1b are used so that the heat engine can be kept in operation without interruption.
the containers are constructed so that they can be connected to the heat source 21, or with the evaporator 40 and mixed as little as possible during this process warm and cold heat transfer medium.
the evaporator 40 can be connected to the heat source 21 by means of a valve 60 in an intermediate cycle.
warm heat transfer medium flows from the heat source to the evaporator 40 and heats it, then flows through the pumps 41 and 17 and the check valves 27, 18.
the evaporator is thus preheated before it is connected to the second, heated container. In this way it is avoided that warm heat transfer medium from the container with cold heat transfer medium from the evaporator 40 is mixed.
the valves 19, 20, 21 and 22 are closed during the intermediate clock.
the working fluid in the expansion machine 10 does not condense.
the working fluid is usually overheated after evaporation.
friction in the expansion machines e.g., piston friction
the evaporation temperature of the working fluid drops sharply in the course of the process and the risk of cooling of the expansion machine 10 and the working fluid condensation in the expansion machine increases. For this reason, the measures according to the invention against condensation in batch processes are of particular importance.
the superheater is supplied with heat transfer medium directly from the heat source, thereby realizing the highest possible overheating.
the heat transfer medium has as much as possible the same capacity flow (specific heat capacity times mass flow) as the gaseous working medium. After the superheater, the heat transfer medium flows into the preheater.
the working fluid is liquid, and thus with a higher specific heat capacity and consequently higher capacity flow, resulting in dissipation in the preheater.
heat transfer medium is pumped by the desuperheater into the preheater.
the expansion machine is heated and insulated in a further embodiment of the invention.
the working fluid leaves the ERM in overheated condition.
the superheat heat can be achieved in the prior art via a heat exchanger 32, Desuperheater called, removed from the process and used for example to preheat the liquid working fluid.
Desuperheater called, removed from the process and used for example to preheat the liquid working fluid.
Ts diagram the degree of overheating at the end of the relaxation is, to a first approximation, proportional to the overheating before entering the expansion machine.
the overheating of the working fluid before the expansion machine at the beginning of the cycle is low and high at the end of the cycle. So it is with overheating after relaxation.
the superheat after decompression in the batch process is decoupled by a heat exchanger at the outlet of the expansion machine and stored in another pair of containers called desuperheater container.
desuperheater container Each of these two containers can be connected in cycles either with the desuperheater 32 or with the preheater 45. In this way, the superheated heat can be used to reduce the inequality of the capacity flows in the preheater.
the respectively connected desuperheater container 50a or 50b is filled from above with an increasingly warming heat transfer medium.
the desuperheater tank is warmest at the top and the temperature, in a first approximation, decreases linearly with the tank height.
warm heat transfer medium is taken from the top of the superheater container 50a or 50b and fed to the preheater 45 in accordance with the temperature prevailing at the heat carrier outlet of the superheater 9.
the case sinking temperature at the upper output of the desuperheater tank 50a or 50b agrees with a suitable mass flow of the pump 15 with the also decreasing temperature at the heat transfer medium output of the superheater 9 match.
the container can be connected to the preheater 45 in an intermediate cycle by means of a valve 61.
cold heat transfer medium flows from the preheater 45 via the pumps 59 and 51 and the check valves 57, 58 to the desuperheater 32 and cools it before it is connected to the second, cool container.
the valves 53, 54, 55 and 56 are closed during the intermediate clock.

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Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Sustainable Energy (AREA)
Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Thermal Sciences (AREA)
Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Sustainable Development (AREA)
Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

EP17020349.1A 2016-09-12 2017-08-09 Moteur thermique Active EP3306042B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
PL17020349T PL3306042T3 (pl)	2016-09-12	2017-08-09	Silnik cieplny
HRP20220109TT HRP20220109T1 (hr)	2016-09-12	2017-08-09	Toplinski stroj
SI201731063T SI3306042T1 (sl)	2016-09-12	2017-08-09	Toplotni pogonski stroj

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
DE102016011205		2016-09-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EP3306042A1 true EP3306042A1 (fr)	2018-04-11
EP3306042B1 EP3306042B1 (fr)	2021-11-03

Family

ID=59702503

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EP17020349.1A Active EP3306042B1 (fr)	2016-09-12	2017-08-09	Moteur thermique

Country Status (10)

Country	Link
EP (1)	EP3306042B1 (fr)
DE (1)	DE102017000826A1 (fr)
DK (1)	DK3306042T3 (fr)
ES (1)	ES2905544T3 (fr)
HR (1)	HRP20220109T1 (fr)
HU (1)	HUE057296T2 (fr)
LT (1)	LT3306042T (fr)
PL (1)	PL3306042T3 (fr)
PT (1)	PT3306042T (fr)
SI (1)	SI3306042T1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US12241691B1 (en) *	2024-05-03	2025-03-04	Sten Kreuger	Energy storage and retrieval systems and methods

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
WO2010001217A1 (fr) *	2008-06-30	2010-01-07	Ormat Technologies Inc.	Centrale électrique à sources chaudes multiples
DE102009012318A1 (de) *	2009-03-09	2010-09-16	Rawema Countertrade Handelsgesellschaft Mbh	Wärmespeichersystem
EP2470850A2 (fr)	2009-08-25	2012-07-04	Michael Löffler	Réservoirs tampons symétriques pour pompes à chaleur à vidange cyclique dans un système principal
DE102012007210A1 (de) *	2012-04-10	2012-08-23	Hans-Jürgen Maaß	Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur thermischen Speicherung von Elektroenergie
EP2703764A2 (fr) *	2012-08-31	2014-03-05	Hitachi Ltd.	Système de stockage thermique et système de génération d'énergie comprenant celui-ci
WO2016124709A1 (fr) *	2015-02-05	2016-08-11	Basf Se	Centrale solaire comprenant un premier circuit de caloporteur et un deuxième circuit de caloporteur

2017
- 2017-01-28 DE DE102017000826.4A patent/DE102017000826A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-08-09 HR HRP20220109TT patent/HRP20220109T1/hr unknown
- 2017-08-09 SI SI201731063T patent/SI3306042T1/sl unknown
- 2017-08-09 LT LTEP17020349.1T patent/LT3306042T/lt unknown
- 2017-08-09 EP EP17020349.1A patent/EP3306042B1/fr active Active
- 2017-08-09 PL PL17020349T patent/PL3306042T3/pl unknown
- 2017-08-09 PT PT170203491T patent/PT3306042T/pt unknown
- 2017-08-09 HU HUE17020349A patent/HUE057296T2/hu unknown
- 2017-08-09 ES ES17020349T patent/ES2905544T3/es active Active
- 2017-08-09 DK DK17020349.1T patent/DK3306042T3/da active

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
WO2010001217A1 (fr) *	2008-06-30	2010-01-07	Ormat Technologies Inc.	Centrale électrique à sources chaudes multiples
DE102009012318A1 (de) *	2009-03-09	2010-09-16	Rawema Countertrade Handelsgesellschaft Mbh	Wärmespeichersystem
EP2470850A2 (fr)	2009-08-25	2012-07-04	Michael Löffler	Réservoirs tampons symétriques pour pompes à chaleur à vidange cyclique dans un système principal
DE102012007210A1 (de) *	2012-04-10	2012-08-23	Hans-Jürgen Maaß	Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur thermischen Speicherung von Elektroenergie
EP2703764A2 (fr) *	2012-08-31	2014-03-05	Hitachi Ltd.	Système de stockage thermique et système de génération d'énergie comprenant celui-ci
WO2016124709A1 (fr) *	2015-02-05	2016-08-11	Basf Se	Centrale solaire comprenant un premier circuit de caloporteur et un deuxième circuit de caloporteur

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
ES2905544T3 (es)	2022-04-11
SI3306042T1 (sl)	2022-04-29
HRP20220109T1 (hr)	2022-04-15
EP3306042B1 (fr)	2021-11-03
LT3306042T (lt)	2022-03-25
DK3306042T3 (da)	2022-02-07
PT3306042T (pt)	2022-02-04
HUE057296T2 (hu)	2022-05-28
DE102017000826A1 (de)	2018-03-15
PL3306042T3 (pl)	2022-03-07

Publication	Publication Date	Title
DE102008005978B4 (de)	2010-06-02	Niedertemperaturkraftwerk und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines thermodynamischen Zyklus
EP2900943B1 (fr)	2018-10-31	Centrale de cogénération et procédé de fonctionnement d'une centrale de cogénération
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WO2014195117A1 (fr)	2014-12-11	Installation et procédé de récupération d'énergie à partir de la chaleur produite au cours d'un cycle thermodynamique fermé
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EP3056694A1 (fr)	2016-08-17	Energie réservoir de pression avec pompe de condensat thermique
EP3306042B1 (fr)	2021-11-03	Moteur thermique
WO2011045047A2 (fr)	2011-04-21	Procédé à cycle (o)rc pour la transformation en énergie électrique de la chaleur produite lors de la combustion de biomasse et dispositif correspondant
EP2584287B1 (fr)	2016-01-27	Cycle destiné au fonctionnement d'une machine de refroidissement par absorption et machine de refroidissement par absorption
DE102013016461A1 (de)	2015-04-09	Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Niedertemperaturkraftwerkes, sowie Niedertemperaturkraftwerk selbst
DE102008005036A1 (de)	2009-03-05	Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit Wärmerückgewinnungsvorrichtung
EP3015660B1 (fr)	2018-12-05	Procédé pour le fonctionnement d'un cycle thermodynamique
DE102013001478B4 (de)	2015-06-18	Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Niedertemperaturkraftwerkes, sowie Niedertemperaturkraftwerk selbst
EP2951407A2 (fr)	2015-12-09	Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner une centrale basse température et centrale basse température
DE102019217996A1 (de)	2021-05-27	Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Ausspeicherung eines thermischen Energiespeichers, insbesondere eines Schüttgutspeichers
WO2018029371A1 (fr)	2018-02-15	Échangeur de chaleur destiné à être utilisé dans une partie chaude d'une centrale de stockage d'énergie par air liquide, partie chaude et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner ledit échangeur de chaleur dans ladite partie chaude
DE102016220634A1 (de)	2018-04-26	Abwärme-Kraftanlage mit stufenweiser Wärmezufuhr
DE102020006763A1 (de)	2022-04-28	Umgebungswärmemaschine zur Gewinnung von Arbeit und elektrischer Energie aus der Umgebungswärme
DE102014016868A1 (de)	2016-05-19	Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Niedertemperatur-Kraftwerkes mit einem Verdampferkreisprozess als Arbeitskreislauf
DE102013203243A1 (de)	2014-08-28	Wärmepumpe und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Wärmepumpe
EP2473715A2 (fr)	2012-07-11	Procédé et dispositif de production d'énergie notamment à partir de biomasse ou de porteurs d'énergie de biomasse
DE102023002479A1 (de)	2024-12-12	Sieben Optimierungsmaßnahmen für Wärmepumpenprozesse

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