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EP3300090B1 - Planar transformer layer, layer arrangement for planar transformer, and planar transformer - Google Patents

Planar transformer layer, layer arrangement for planar transformer, and planar transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3300090B1
EP3300090B1 EP16306215.1A EP16306215A EP3300090B1 EP 3300090 B1 EP3300090 B1 EP 3300090B1 EP 16306215 A EP16306215 A EP 16306215A EP 3300090 B1 EP3300090 B1 EP 3300090B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
planar transformer
layer
layers
thermal
transformer
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Application number
EP16306215.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3300090A1 (en
Inventor
Philippe Vandeplassche
Thierry Scalais
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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Publication date
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Priority to ES16306215T priority Critical patent/ES2909441T3/en
Priority to EP16306215.1A priority patent/EP3300090B1/en
Priority to RU2017133004A priority patent/RU2744933C2/en
Priority to US15/711,976 priority patent/US10770220B2/en
Publication of EP3300090A1 publication Critical patent/EP3300090A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3300090B1 publication Critical patent/EP3300090B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/22—Cooling by heat conduction through solid or powdered fillings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/26—Fastening parts of the core together; Fastening or mounting the core on casing or support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2847—Sheets; Strips
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2847—Sheets; Strips
    • H01F27/2852—Construction of conductive connections, of leads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2876—Cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/323—Insulation between winding turns, between winding layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H01F2027/2809—Printed windings on stacked layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H01F2027/2819—Planar transformers with printed windings, e.g. surrounded by two cores and to be mounted on printed circuit

Definitions

  • planar transformer layer Disclosed are a planar transformer layer, a set of planar transformer layers, and a planar transformer.
  • planar transformers whose power is limited to 2500W at 300V, or 1400W at 2kV.
  • Limiting the power handled by a transformer involves using two to three converters each using a transformer in order to reach a total power of 5 kW.
  • a transformer capable of transferring 5 kW saves one to two converters.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a planar transformer according to the state of the art. On the right side of the figure 1 the materials are represented, and on the left part are represented the thermal fluxes.
  • a dielectric insulating layer 4 is arranged between each of the elementary coils 1, as well as between the elementary coil 1 at the base of the stack and a cold source 5 on which is arranged the stack of elementary coils.
  • Cooling such a transformer through the magnetic core implies that the heat dissipated in the conductors must pass through the dielectric layers which insulate the electrical conductors from one another and which insulate the conductors from the magnetic core. Since dielectric materials are generally poor thermal conductors, the thermal resistance between the hot spot of the conductors and the magnetic core is high (the thermal resistances of each dielectric layer are connected in series from the hot spot to the magnetic core). Furthermore, since the magnetic core is also a heat dissipation source, it does not represent a good cold source.
  • An object of the invention is to produce a transformer for transmitting electrical power of at least 5 kW with galvanic isolation under an output voltage of 300 V to 2 kV in order to supply an ion thruster for a satellite or space probe.
  • a coil turn layer of an electrical conductor of a planar transformer comprising separate electrical connections and thermal connections, a thermal connection comprising a hole provided with a protrusion in the direction of the inside the coil turn
  • planar transformer capable of transmitting an electrical power of at least 5 kW with galvanic insulation under an output voltage of 300 V to 2 kV in order to to power an ion thruster for a satellite or space probe.
  • Such a hole allows an element such as a screw to hold together a plurality of layers together.
  • planar transformer comprising at least one planar transformer layer as previously described forming a primary layer, and two secondary layers of an electrical conductor.
  • planar transformer comprising electrical connections and devoid of distinct thermal connections, the three layers being separated and covered by a dielectric material, with the exception of the thermal connection or connections of the planar transformer layer
  • Such a set of layers provides a minimum thermal path between the secondary layers and the primary layer, the assembly being thermally drained by the access of the primary layer to the heat sink.
  • This assembly is particularly interesting when the electrical insulation between secondary layers and heat sink is difficult to guarantee.
  • planar transformer comprising at least one assembly as previously described.
  • a transformer comprises a plurality of sets stacked on top of each other, in which the thermal connections of the primary layers are connected to a heat sink.
  • each set is individually drained. All the layers of the transformer are cooled by as many connections to the heat sink in parallel, which improves drainage compared to a series connection.
  • the heat sink comprises a cold source and a dielectric part surrounding a part of the primary layer comprising the separate thermal connection(s).
  • the dielectric part provides electrical insulation between the heat sink and the layers.
  • the choice of dielectric is widened thereby allowing the optimization of the thermal conductivity, and the thickness of dielectric separating the layer and the heat sink can be minimized to maximize the thermal conductivity between layer and drain.
  • the cold source comprises formwork parts and is arranged on the outer part of the heat sink, the formwork parts surrounding the dielectric part.
  • the planar transformer further comprises a magnetic core and an associated fixing element.
  • the picture 2 represents a planar transformer according to one aspect of the invention, in which an elementary coil 6 comprises one or more copper layers 7 of which at least one 7a performs the thermal function. These copper layers 7 are electrically insulated for example by a dielectric insulator 8.
  • an elementary coil or elementary assembly 6 comprises, for example, a layer 7a carrying out the thermal function, and two other 7b, conventional, do not not realizing.
  • the left part of the picture 2 represents, by arrows, the diffusion of the thermal energy in the planar transformer by the layers 7a, part of which is surrounded by a dielectric 9 close to a cold source 10.
  • a continuous thermal path or thermal drain is thus created between the coils 6 and the cold source 10.
  • the performance heat of the cold source 10 plays an important role in obtaining the final performance of the transformer.
  • the reduction in thermal resistance of the electrical conductors of the transformer makes it possible to significantly increase (more than double) the power transferred, despite an electrical output voltage multiplied by five, without increasing the volume occupied by the transformer.
  • planar transformer layer 7a is shown comprising separate electrical connections 12 and thermal connections 13.
  • the thermal connections 13, in this case four in number per layer 7a, comprise a hole 14, making it possible to hold a plurality of layers 7a together fixedly.
  • the holes 14 of the thermal connections 13 can comprise a protrusion 14a in the direction of the inside of the layer 7a. These protuberances 14a make it possible to locally maximize the thermal flow towards the cold source and this taking into account the constraint of a mechanical fixing of the transformer by means of screws.
  • the winding production technology is based on flexible circuits consisting of an electric circuit on a layer encapsulated between two layers of flexible insulation.
  • the windings produced are then stacked.
  • the figure 5 represents a stack of a plurality of sets of layers according to the figure 4 , which constitutes all of the coils of the transformer according to one aspect of the invention.
  • the assembly of the transformer is carried out as follows.
  • the four thermal drainage slots are closed by means of aluminum formwork parts 16 as well as a comb made of dielectric material 17
  • These parts, 16 and 17 play a role of sealing and reproducibility of the stack.
  • the four feet 16, 17 of a dielectric resin 18 having good thermal conductivity takes into account the voltages brought into play between the elementary coils 6 in order to guarantee electrical insulation.
  • ferrites 19 are placed around the coil made up of the stack of elementary coils 6. This transformer proposes to completely decouple the heat flux from the losses by the copper 6 and losses by the irons 19. Consequently the ferrites 19 are held mechanically by a part 20, for example made of aluminum, also playing the role of thermal drainage towards the flat base.
  • the figure 9 shows the cutting plane of the figure 7 to get the sectional view of the figure 10 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)

Description

L'invention porte sur une couche de transformateur planaire, un ensemble de couches pour transformateur planaire, et un transformateur planaire.Disclosed are a planar transformer layer, a set of planar transformer layers, and a planar transformer.

Il est connu des transformateurs planaires dont la puissance est limitée à 2500W en 300V, ou à 1400W à 2kV.It is known planar transformers whose power is limited to 2500W at 300V, or 1400W at 2kV.

La limitation de la puissance traitée par un transformateur implique d'utiliser deux à trois convertisseurs utilisant chacun un transformateur afin d'atteindre une puissance totale de 5 kW. Un transformateur capable de transférer 5 kW permet d'économiser un à deux convertisseurs.Limiting the power handled by a transformer involves using two to three converters each using a transformer in order to reach a total power of 5 kW. A transformer capable of transferring 5 kW saves one to two converters.

Les solutions existantes sont limitées en puissance par :

  • les effets de proximité dans le transformateur limitent soit la fréquence d'utilisation soit la section de cuivre accessible;
  • la résistance thermique du transformateur limite la puissance qui peut être dissipée dans le transformateur;
  • la haute tension de sortie implique une isolation électrique importante qui s'accompagne d'une augmentation de résistance thermique; et
  • l'entrelacement des bobinages secondaires et primaire permet d'augmenter la fréquence sans diminuer la section de cuivre mais implique aussi une augmentation des couches d'isolation électrique qui implique une augmentation de la résistance thermique.
Existing solutions are limited in power by:
  • proximity effects in the transformer limit either the frequency of use or the accessible copper section;
  • the thermal resistance of the transformer limits the power that can be dissipated in the transformer;
  • the high output voltage implies a significant electrical insulation which is accompanied by an increase in thermal resistance; and
  • the interlacing of the secondary and primary windings makes it possible to increase the frequency without reducing the copper section but also involves an increase in the layers of electrical insulation which involves an increase in the thermal resistance.

La figure 1 illustre un transformateur planaire selon l'état de l'art. Sur la partie droite de la figure 1 sont représentés les matériaux, et sur la partie gauche sont représentés les flux thermiques.The figure 1 illustrates a planar transformer according to the state of the art. On the right side of the figure 1 the materials are represented, and on the left part are represented the thermal fluxes.

Des bobines élémentaires 1 empilées, en l'espèce au nombre de trois, sont constituées de ou plusieurs couches de cuivre 2, en l'espèce au nombre de deux. Ces couches de cuivre ou conducteurs électriques 2 sont électriquement isolés les uns des autres par un isolant ou diélectrique 3. Une couche isolante 4 diélectrique est disposée entre chacune des bobines élémentaires 1, ainsi qu'entre la bobine élémentaire 1 à la base de l'empilement et une source froide 5 sur laquelle est disposé l'empilement de bobines élémentaires.Stacked elementary coils 1, in this case three in number, consist of one or more layers of copper 2, in this case two in number. These layers of copper or electrical conductors 2 are electrically insulated from each other by an insulator or dielectric 3. A dielectric insulating layer 4 is arranged between each of the elementary coils 1, as well as between the elementary coil 1 at the base of the stack and a cold source 5 on which is arranged the stack of elementary coils.

Refroidir un tel transformateur au travers du noyau magnétique implique que la chaleur dissipée dans les conducteurs doit traverser les couches diélectriques qui isolent les conducteurs électriques entre eux et qui isolent les conducteurs du noyau magnétique. Les matériaux diélectriques étant généralement de mauvais conducteurs thermiques, la résistance thermique entre le point chaud des conducteurs et le noyau magnétique est élevée (les résistances thermiques de chaque couche diélectrique sont connectées en série du point chaud au noyau magnétique). En outre, le noyau magnétique étant également une source de dissipation thermique, il ne représente pas une bonne source froide.Cooling such a transformer through the magnetic core implies that the heat dissipated in the conductors must pass through the dielectric layers which insulate the electrical conductors from one another and which insulate the conductors from the magnetic core. Since dielectric materials are generally poor thermal conductors, the thermal resistance between the hot spot of the conductors and the magnetic core is high (the thermal resistances of each dielectric layer are connected in series from the hot spot to the magnetic core). Furthermore, since the magnetic core is also a heat dissipation source, it does not represent a good cold source.

L'utilisation des connexions électriques comme source froide permet de refroidir les conducteurs électriques sans passer par la série des couches diélectriques. Lorsque le transformateur est connecté à une barre omnibus ou "busbar" en langue anglaise, la chaleur peut être retirée par convection. Quand la convection n'est pas possible, le busbar est lui-même électriquement isolé et ne représente donc pas une bonne source froide.The use of electrical connections as a cold source makes it possible to cool the electrical conductors without going through the series of dielectric layers. When the transformer is connected to a busbar or "busbar" in English, heat can be removed by convection. When convection is not possible, the busbar is itself electrically isolated and therefore does not represent a good cold source.

Une augmentation de tension de sortie d'un tel transformateur impliquerait une augmentation d'épaisseur d'isolant et par conséquent une augmentation de la résistance thermique. L'augmentation de résistance thermique impliquerait une réduction de la puissance transférable au travers du transformateur. Pour maintenir la puissance transférée il faudrait augmenter le volume et la masse du transformateur ce qui poserait des problèmes de tenue à l'environnement thermomécanique déjà limite au niveau de la masse et du volume des conceptions actuelles. Le doublement de la puissance transférée est donc inconcevable avec les modes de réalisation connus.An increase in output voltage from such a transformer would imply an increase in insulation thickness and therefore an increase in thermal resistance. The increase in thermal resistance would imply a reduction in the power transferable through the transformer. To maintain the transferred power, it would be necessary to increase the volume and the mass of the transformer, which would pose problems of resistance to the thermomechanical environment, which is already limited in terms of the mass and volume of current designs. The doubling of the transferred power is therefore inconceivable with the known embodiments.

En outre un tel transformateur doit fonctionner dans le vide ce qui interdit le refroidissement par convection. Il est fait référence aux documents JP2004303857A et JP2004303823A qui décrivent les caractéristiques du préambule de la revendication 1.In addition, such a transformer must operate in a vacuum, which prohibits cooling by convection. Reference is made to documents JP2004303857A and JP2004303823A which describe the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Un but de l'invention est de réaliser un transformateur pour transmettre une puissance électrique d'au moins 5 kW avec une isolation galvanique sous une tension de sortie de 300 V à 2 kV afin d'alimenter un propulseur ionique pour satellite ou sonde spatiale.An object of the invention is to produce a transformer for transmitting electrical power of at least 5 kW with galvanic isolation under an output voltage of 300 V to 2 kV in order to supply an ion thruster for a satellite or space probe.

Il est proposé, selon un aspect de l'invention, une couche spire de bobine d'un conducteur électrique de transformateur planaire comprenant des connexions électriques et des connexions thermiques distinctes, une connexion thermique comprenant un trou muni d'une excroissance en direction de l'intérieur de la spire de bobineIt is proposed, according to one aspect of the invention, a coil turn layer of an electrical conductor of a planar transformer comprising separate electrical connections and thermal connections, a thermal connection comprising a hole provided with a protrusion in the direction of the inside the coil turn

Ainsi, il est possible de nettement améliorer l'évacuation d'énergie thermique, et de réaliser un transformateur planaire capable de transmettre une puissance électrique d'au moins 5 kW avec une isolation galvanique sous une tension de sortie de 300 V à 2 kV afin d'alimenter un propulseur ionique pour satellite ou sonde spatiale.Thus, it is possible to significantly improve the evacuation of thermal energy, and to produce a planar transformer capable of transmitting an electrical power of at least 5 kW with galvanic insulation under an output voltage of 300 V to 2 kV in order to to power an ion thruster for a satellite or space probe.

Un tel trou permet à un élément tel une vis de maintenir ensemble une pluralité de couches ensemble.Such a hole allows an element such as a screw to hold together a plurality of layers together.

Une telle excroissance en direction de l'intérieur de la couche permet de maximiser la surface d'échange entre la couche et le drain thermique.Such a protrusion in the direction of the inside of the layer makes it possible to maximize the exchange surface between the layer and the heat sink.

Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, il est également proposé un ensemble de couches spires de bobine pour transformateur planaire, comprenant au moins une couche de transformateur planaire telle que récédemment décrite formant une couche primaire, et deux couches secondaires d'un conducteur électrique de transformateur planaire comprenant des connexions électriques et dépourvues de connexions thermiques distinctes, les trois couches étant séparées et recouvertes par un matériau diélectrique, à l'exception de la ou les connexions thermiques de la couche de transformateur planaireAccording to another aspect of the invention, there is also proposed a set of coil turns layers for a planar transformer, comprising at least one planar transformer layer as previously described forming a primary layer, and two secondary layers of an electrical conductor. planar transformer comprising electrical connections and devoid of distinct thermal connections, the three layers being separated and covered by a dielectric material, with the exception of the thermal connection or connections of the planar transformer layer

Un tel ensemble de couches offre un chemin thermique minimal entre les couches secondaires et la couche primaire, l'ensemble étant thermiquement drainé par l'accès de la couche primaire au drain thermique. Cet ensemble est particulièrement intéressant lorsque l'isolation électrique entre couches secondaires et drain thermique est difficile à garantir.Such a set of layers provides a minimum thermal path between the secondary layers and the primary layer, the assembly being thermally drained by the access of the primary layer to the heat sink. This assembly is particularly interesting when the electrical insulation between secondary layers and heat sink is difficult to guarantee.

Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, il est également proposé un transformateur planaire comprenant au moins un ensemble tel que précédemment décrit.According to another aspect of the invention, there is also proposed a planar transformer comprising at least one assembly as previously described.

Dans un mode de réalisation, un transformateur comprend une pluralité d'ensembles empilés les uns sur les autres, dans lequel les connexions thermiques des couches primaires sont connectées à un drain thermique.In one embodiment, a transformer comprises a plurality of sets stacked on top of each other, in which the thermal connections of the primary layers are connected to a heat sink.

Ainsi, chaque ensemble est individuellement drainé. L'ensemble des couches du transformateur est refroidi par autant de connexions au drain thermique en parallèle, ce qui améliore le drainage par rapport à une connexion en série.Thus, each set is individually drained. All the layers of the transformer are cooled by as many connections to the heat sink in parallel, which improves drainage compared to a series connection.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le drain thermique comprend une source froide et une partie diélectrique entourant une partie de la couche primaire comprenant la ou les connexion(s) thermiques distinctes.According to one embodiment, the heat sink comprises a cold source and a dielectric part surrounding a part of the primary layer comprising the separate thermal connection(s).

Ainsi, la partie diélectrique assure l'isolation électrique entre le drain thermique et les couches. En plaçant dans le drain thermique les couches nécessitant les plus faibles tenues diélectriques par rapport au drain thermique, le choix du diélectrique s'en trouve élargi autorisant l'optimisation de la conductivité thermique, et l'épaisseur de diélectrique séparant couche et drain thermique peut être minimisée pour maximiser la conductivité thermique entre couche et drain.Thus, the dielectric part provides electrical insulation between the heat sink and the layers. By placing in the heat sink the layers requiring the lowest dielectric strength compared to the heat sink, the choice of dielectric is widened thereby allowing the optimization of the thermal conductivity, and the thickness of dielectric separating the layer and the heat sink can be minimized to maximize the thermal conductivity between layer and drain.

Dans un mode de réalisation, la source froide comprend des pièces de coffrage et est disposée sur la partie extérieure du drain thermique, les pièces de coffrage entourant la partie diélectrique.In one embodiment, the cold source comprises formwork parts and is arranged on the outer part of the heat sink, the formwork parts surrounding the dielectric part.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le transformateur planaire comprend en outre un noyau magnétique et un élément de fixation associé.According to one embodiment, the planar transformer further comprises a magnetic core and an associated fixing element.

Il est également proposé, selon un autre aspect de l'invention, un équipement électronique de conversion d'énergie pour satellite muni d'au moins un transformateur planaire tel que précédemment décrit.It is also proposed, according to another aspect of the invention, an electronic energy conversion equipment for satellite equipped with at least one planar transformer as previously described.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'étude de quelques modes de réalisation décrits à titre d'exemples nullement limitatifs et illustrés par les dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 illustre schématiquement un transformateur planaire selon l'état de l'art;
  • la figure 2 illustre schématiquement un transformateur planaire selon un aspect de l'invention;
  • la figure 3 illustre schématiquement une couche de transformateur planaire selon un aspect de l'invention;
  • les figures 4 à 10 illustrent schématiquement un mode de réalisation d'un transformateur selon un aspect de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on studying a few embodiments described by way of non-limiting examples and illustrated by the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 schematically illustrates a planar transformer according to the state of the art;
  • the picture 2 schematically illustrates a planar transformer according to one aspect of the invention;
  • the picture 3 schematically illustrates a planar transformer layer according to one aspect of the invention;
  • the figures 4 to 10 schematically illustrate an embodiment of a transformer according to one aspect of the invention.

Sur les différentes figures, les éléments ayant des références identiques sont identiques.In the various figures, the elements having identical references are identical.

La figure 2 représente un transformateur planaire selon un aspect de l'invention, dans lequel une bobine élémentaire 6 comprend une ou plusieurs couches de cuivre 7 dont au moins une 7a réalise la fonction thermique. Ces couches de cuivre 7 sont électriquement isolées par exemple par un isolant diélectrique 8. En l'espèce, une bobine élémentaire ou ensemble élémentaire 6 comprend, par exemple, une couche 7a réalisant la fonction thermique, et deux autres 7b, classiques, ne la réalisant pas.The picture 2 represents a planar transformer according to one aspect of the invention, in which an elementary coil 6 comprises one or more copper layers 7 of which at least one 7a performs the thermal function. These copper layers 7 are electrically insulated for example by a dielectric insulator 8. In this case, an elementary coil or elementary assembly 6 comprises, for example, a layer 7a carrying out the thermal function, and two other 7b, conventional, do not not realizing.

La partie gauche de la figure 2 représente, par des flèches la diffusion de l'énergie thermique dans le transformateur planaire par les couches 7a, dont une partie est entourée d'un diélectrique 9 à proximité d'une source froide 10. Ainsi est créé un chemin thermique continu ou drain thermique entre les bobines 6 et la source froide 10. La performance thermique de la source froide 10 joue un rôle important dans l'obtention de la performance finale du transformateur.The left part of the picture 2 represents, by arrows, the diffusion of the thermal energy in the planar transformer by the layers 7a, part of which is surrounded by a dielectric 9 close to a cold source 10. A continuous thermal path or thermal drain is thus created between the coils 6 and the cold source 10. The performance heat of the cold source 10 plays an important role in obtaining the final performance of the transformer.

La réduction de résistance thermique des conducteurs électriques du transformateur permet de nettement augmenter (plus de doubler) la puissance transférée, malgré une tension électrique de sortie multipliée par cinq, sans augmenter le volume occupé par le transformateur.The reduction in thermal resistance of the electrical conductors of the transformer makes it possible to significantly increase (more than double) the power transferred, despite an electrical output voltage multiplied by five, without increasing the volume occupied by the transformer.

Sur la figure 3 est représentée une couche 7a de transformateur planaire comprenant des connexions électriques 12 et des connexions thermiques 13 distinctes.On the picture 3 a planar transformer layer 7a is shown comprising separate electrical connections 12 and thermal connections 13.

Les connexions thermiques 13, en l'espèce au nombre de quatre par couche 7a, comprennent un trou 14, permettant de maintenir ensemble fixement une pluralité de couches 7a.The thermal connections 13, in this case four in number per layer 7a, comprise a hole 14, making it possible to hold a plurality of layers 7a together fixedly.

Selon l'invention, les trous 14 des connexions thermiques 13 peuvent comprendre une excroissance 14a en direction de l'intérieur de la couche 7a. Ces excroissances 14a permettent de maximiser localement le flux thermique vers la source froide et ce compte tenu de la contrainte d'une fixation mécanique du transformateur au moyen de vis.According to the invention, the holes 14 of the thermal connections 13 can comprise a protrusion 14a in the direction of the inside of the layer 7a. These protuberances 14a make it possible to locally maximize the thermal flow towards the cold source and this taking into account the constraint of a mechanical fixing of the transformer by means of screws.

La suite de la description illustre un exemple de réalisation de l'invention.The remainder of the description illustrates an embodiment of the invention.

La technologie de réalisation du bobinage est basée sur des circuits flexibles constitués d'un circuit électrique sur une couche encapsulé entre deux couches d'isolant souple.The winding production technology is based on flexible circuits consisting of an electric circuit on a layer encapsulated between two layers of flexible insulation.

Les bobinages réalisés sont ensuite empilés.The windings produced are then stacked.

Comme illustré sur la figure 4, afin de réaliser facilement l'assemblage d'un transformateur, il est possible de réaliser un ensemble comprenant par exemple une couche 7a de transformateur planaire comprenant des connexions électriques 12 et des connexions thermiques 13 distinctes et deux couches 7b classiques de transformateur planaire, directement chez le fabricant du circuit afin d'obtenir une bobine élémentaire ou ensemble de couches.As illustrated on the figure 4 , in order to easily assemble a transformer, it is possible to produce an assembly comprising for example a layer 7a of planar transformer comprising electrical connections 12 and thermal connections 13 distinct and two conventional planar transformer layers 7b, directly from the circuit manufacturer in order to obtain an elementary coil or set of layers.

La figure 5 représente un empilage d'une pluralité d'ensembles de couches selon la figure 4, qui constitue l'ensemble des bobines du transformateur selon un aspect de l'invention.The figure 5 represents a stack of a plurality of sets of layers according to the figure 4 , which constitutes all of the coils of the transformer according to one aspect of the invention.

Afin de drainer le flux thermique sortant des spires primaires ou en d'autres termes des spires ou couches 7a, il est nécessaire de créer un chemin continu vers la base plate du transformateur.In order to drain the heat flux exiting from the primary turns or in other words from the turns or layers 7a, it is necessary to create a continuous path towards the flat base of the transformer.

L'assemblage du transformateur est réalisé comme suit.The assembly of the transformer is carried out as follows.

Comme illustré sur la figure 6, après avoir empilé des ensembles de couches ou bobines élémentaires 6 sur un outillage, on referme les quatre emplacements de drainage thermique, ici disposés à proximité des coins, au moyen de pièces de coffrage en aluminium 16 ainsi que d'un peigne en matériau diélectrique 17 Ces pièces, 16 et 17 jouent un rôle d'étanchéité et de reproductibilité de l'empilage. Une fois cette opération terminée, on glisse les "pieds" du transformateur qui viennent étendre l'échange vers la plaque froide ou source froide 10. En effet, dans l'assemblage proposé, il y a une coupure dans la liaison entre le transformateur et la source froide. D'une manière plus générale cette fonction pourrait directement faire partie de la source froide ce qui aurait pour effet encore d'améliorer les performances thermiques.As illustrated on the figure 6 , after having stacked sets of layers or elementary coils 6 on a tool, the four thermal drainage slots, here arranged close to the corners, are closed by means of aluminum formwork parts 16 as well as a comb made of dielectric material 17 These parts, 16 and 17 play a role of sealing and reproducibility of the stack. Once this operation is complete, the "feet" of the transformer are slid in, extending the exchange towards the cold plate or cold source 10. Indeed, in the proposed assembly, there is a cut in the connection between the transformer and the cold source. More generally, this function could directly be part of the cold source, which would have the effect of further improving the thermal performance.

Ensuite, comme illustré sur la figure 7, les quatre pieds 16, 17 d'une résine diélectrique 18 ayant une bonne conductibilité thermique. La conception prend en compte les tensions mises en jeu entre les bobines élémentaires 6 afin de garantir l'isolation électrique.Then, as shown in the figure 7 , the four feet 16, 17 of a dielectric resin 18 having good thermal conductivity. The design takes into account the voltages brought into play between the elementary coils 6 in order to guarantee electrical insulation.

Enfin, des ferrites 19 (noyau magnétique) sont placées autour de la bobine constituée de l'empilement des bobines élémentaires 6. Le présent transformateur propose de découpler complètement le flux thermique des pertes par le cuivre 6 et des pertes par les fers 19. Par conséquent les ferrites 19 sont maintenues mécaniquement par une pièce 20 par exemple en aluminium jouant aussi le rôle de drainage thermique vers la base plate.Finally, ferrites 19 (magnetic core) are placed around the coil made up of the stack of elementary coils 6. This transformer proposes to completely decouple the heat flux from the losses by the copper 6 and losses by the irons 19. Consequently the ferrites 19 are held mechanically by a part 20, for example made of aluminum, also playing the role of thermal drainage towards the flat base.

La figure 9, montre le plan de coupe de la figure 7 pour obtenir la vue en coupe de la figure 10.The figure 9 , shows the cutting plane of the figure 7 to get the sectional view of the figure 10 .

Claims (8)

  1. Coil turn layer of an electrical conductor (7a) of a planar transformer comprising separate electrical connections (12) and thermal connections (13),
    characterized in that a thermal connection (13) comprises a hole (14) provided with a protuberance (14a) towards the interior of the coil turn (7a).
  2. Set (6) of coil turn layers (7) for a planar transformer, comprising at least one planar transformer layer according to claim 1 forming a primary layer (7a), and two secondary layers of an electrical conductor (7b) of a planar transformer comprising electrical connections (12) and devoid of distinct thermal connections (13), the three layers (7a, 7b) being separated and covered by a dielectric material (8), with the exception of the one or more thermal connections of the planar transformer layer according to claim 1.
  3. Planar transformer comprising at least one assembly (6) according to claim 2.
  4. Planar transformer according to claim 3, comprising a plurality of assemblies (6) stacked on top of each other, wherein the thermal connections (13) of the primary layers (7a) are connected to a heat sink.
  5. Planar transformer according to claim 4, wherein the heat sink comprises a cold source (10) and a dielectric part (9) surrounding a part of the primary layer comprising the one or more separate thermal connections.
  6. Planar transformer according to claim 5, wherein the cold source (10) comprises formwork pieces (16) and is disposed on the outer part of the heat sink, wherein the formwork pieces (16) surround the dielectric part (9).
  7. Planar transformer according to one of claims 4 to 6, further comprising a magnetic core (19) and an associated fixing member (20).
  8. Electronic energy conversion equipment item for a satellite provided with at least one planar transformer according to one of claims 3 to 7.
EP16306215.1A 2016-09-22 2016-09-22 Planar transformer layer, layer arrangement for planar transformer, and planar transformer Active EP3300090B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES16306215T ES2909441T3 (en) 2016-09-22 2016-09-22 Flat transformer layer, set of layers for flat transformer and flat transformer
EP16306215.1A EP3300090B1 (en) 2016-09-22 2016-09-22 Planar transformer layer, layer arrangement for planar transformer, and planar transformer
RU2017133004A RU2744933C2 (en) 2016-09-22 2017-09-21 Planar transformer layer, assembly of layers for planar transformer and planar transformer
US15/711,976 US10770220B2 (en) 2016-09-22 2017-09-21 Planar transformer layer, assembly of layers for planar transformer, and planar transformer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16306215.1A EP3300090B1 (en) 2016-09-22 2016-09-22 Planar transformer layer, layer arrangement for planar transformer, and planar transformer

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EP3300090A1 EP3300090A1 (en) 2018-03-28
EP3300090B1 true EP3300090B1 (en) 2022-02-23

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EP3826038A1 (en) * 2019-11-20 2021-05-26 EnerSys Delaware Inc. Electrical transformer and method of manufacturing an electrical transformer
US11600429B1 (en) 2020-01-24 2023-03-07 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Geometrically configurable planar wafers
FR3109479B1 (en) 2020-04-15 2022-12-30 Abc Volet SHIELDING ORGAN CONTROL IN A BUILDING
FR3109400B1 (en) 2020-04-15 2022-12-30 Abc Volet DEVICE FOR MOTORIZING A CLOSING OR SECURITY DEVICE IN A BUILDING USING A SOLAR ENERGY SOURCE
DE102020214444A1 (en) 2020-11-17 2022-05-19 Siemens Healthcare Gmbh Transformer, electrical circuitry and magnetic resonance imaging equipment
FR3129244B1 (en) 2021-11-12 2024-08-30 Centre Nat Rech Scient PLANAR TRANSFORMER AND BIDIRECTIONAL DC-DC ELECTRICAL CONVERTER COMPRISING SUCH A PLANAR TRANSFORMER

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US6278353B1 (en) * 1999-11-16 2001-08-21 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Planar magnetics with integrated cooling
US6380834B1 (en) * 2000-03-01 2002-04-30 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Planar magnetic assembly
JP2002175922A (en) * 2000-12-08 2002-06-21 Sansha Electric Mfg Co Ltd High frequency high current transformer
JP2004303823A (en) * 2003-03-28 2004-10-28 Tdk Corp Inductance component, power supply transformer, and switching power supply
JP4059396B2 (en) * 2003-03-31 2008-03-12 Ｔｄｋ株式会社 Thin high current transformer
JP4222490B2 (en) * 2006-09-29 2009-02-12 Ｔｄｋ株式会社 Planar transformer and switching power supply
CA2835115C (en) * 2011-05-09 2016-12-13 Metamagnetics, Inc. Magnetic grain boundary engineered ferrite core materials
RU130449U1 (en) * 2013-03-13 2013-07-20 Михаил Александрович Коваленко PLANAR TRANSFORMER

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ES2909441T3 (en) 2022-05-06
RU2017133004A3 (en) 2020-10-23
RU2017133004A (en) 2019-03-22
US20180082777A1 (en) 2018-03-22
US10770220B2 (en) 2020-09-08
EP3300090A1 (en) 2018-03-28
RU2744933C2 (en) 2021-03-17

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