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EP3398685B1 - Device for comminuting material - Google Patents

Device for comminuting material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3398685B1
EP3398685B1 EP17001798.2A EP17001798A EP3398685B1 EP 3398685 B1 EP3398685 B1 EP 3398685B1 EP 17001798 A EP17001798 A EP 17001798A EP 3398685 B1 EP3398685 B1 EP 3398685B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grinding
grinding container
container
annular space
sieve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17001798.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3398685A1 (en
Inventor
Harald Oberholz
Wolfgang Lautenbach
Michael Zendel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mairec Edelmetallgesellschaft Mbh
Original Assignee
Mairec Edelmetallgesellschaft Mbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3398685A1 publication Critical patent/EP3398685A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3398685B1 publication Critical patent/EP3398685B1/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18Details
    • B02C17/181Bearings specially adapted for tumbling mills
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/04Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with unperforated container
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/04Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with unperforated container
    • B02C17/06Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with unperforated container with several compartments
    • B02C17/07Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with unperforated container with several compartments in radial arrangement
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/10Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with one or a few disintegrating members arranged in the container
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18Details
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18Details
    • B02C17/24Driving mechanisms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for comminuting regrind with a grinding container which has axially opposite end faces, between which at least one sieve shell extends which, together with another sieve dish or an outer wall likewise extending between the end faces, defines at least one annular space, wherein the or an innermost sieve bowl delimits a grinding chamber, in which grinding elements are arranged, with a bearing for rotatably holding the grinding container on a foundation and with drive means for rotating the grinding container about a horizontal axis in a grinding direction.
  • the known device has a grinding container which is rotatably mounted about a horizontal axis.
  • the grinding container is cylindrical in shape and has two end faces which are circular in a plan view and which are each connected in the center to a pipe socket which opens into the grinding container, so that regrind can be introduced into or removed from the painting container via the respective pipe socket.
  • Each pipe socket is rotatably held on a foundation by a pivot bearing.
  • Several concentrically arranged sieve shells extend between the end faces, each of which is designed as a cylindrical wall with openings of constant size. The spaces between the sieve shells are referred to here as annular spaces.
  • the size of the sieve shell openings decreases from sieve shell to sieve shell, the outermost sieve shell finally being designed as a fine-pored mesh sieve.
  • the innermost sieve bowl is mechanically stable and surrounds an inner grinding chamber in which grinding media weighing around ten kilograms are arranged.
  • One of the pipe sockets of the grinding container is connected to an electric motor that rotates the grinding container around the horizontal axis.
  • the regrind introduced through the other pipe socket is removed from the grinding media in the grinding chamber smashed.
  • Sufficiently finely ground ground material finally penetrates the outermost sieve bowl and reaches an execution funnel set up below the grinding drum.
  • the EP 2 907 577 A1 discloses a ball mill, which also has a cylindrical grinding drum with pipe sockets on its end faces.
  • the grinding drum is rotatably held on its pipe socket by a rotary bearing.
  • the ball mill disclosed there is used for grinding liquid-solid mixtures and is designed for continuous operation.
  • a circular sieve plate is arranged in the grinding drum, which extends parallel to the end faces.
  • the grinding drum is equipped with driver strips which, when the grinding drum rotates, transfer the material to be ground from an inlet pipe socket through the sieve plate to the other pipe socket, which serves as an outlet pipe socket.
  • the DE 236 635 C. relates to a drum ball mill with a grinding drum, in which a perforated inner drum extends.
  • the grinding drum also has two end faces, between which a further perforated inner end wall is arranged.
  • An insertion or discharge chute is provided for the introduction and discharge of material.
  • the US 3,371,547 A discloses a drive for a drum for powdering objects.
  • a drive with rollers is provided which are driven by a motor 3 via a coupling 5.
  • the drum rests on these rollers.
  • the DE 19 12 860 shows such a roller drive for a grinding drum.
  • the grinding drum extends through two races that rest on the driven rollers.
  • a device of the type mentioned at the beginning which is also referred to as a sieve ball mill, has been used for many years for grinding ground material, for example slag residues from incineration plants or dismantled furnace linings made of refractory bricks.
  • the comminution of such furnace residues has proven to be particularly useful from an economic point of view if the slag or fireclay stones contain precious metals such as copper, gold or silver.
  • Such a screen ball mill is also used for crushing the interior of catalytic converters for motor vehicles.
  • the device mentioned at the outset has the disadvantage that the grinding container is not accessible from the outside.
  • the grinding bowl and especially the inner sieve bowl are exposed to heavy wear due to the heavy grinding media.
  • a maintenance opening in the grinding container itself would therefore result in an undesirable structural weakening of the grinding container.
  • the opening would also have to pass through at least one inner sieve shell, which creates further difficulties.
  • An opening on one of the end faces of the grinding container is also not possible, since the rotary bearing is arranged there for rotatably holding the end pipe socket. Due to the lack of accessibility, it is not possible to monitor the progress of the shredding process by simply inspecting it. Furthermore, blockages or damage caused by residues inside the grinding container are not recognized or are recognized only at a late stage. The removal of the residues is also complex.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a device of the type mentioned that can be easily monitored and serviced.
  • the bearing has rotatably fastened rollers and the grinding container rests on the rollers, a maintenance opening being formed on at least one end face, which provides an insight into the Grinding container enables, the end faces are designed as end plates and each delimit a cavity which is connected to the grinding container via an inlet opening and equipped with conveying means for discharging regrind from an outlet opening.
  • the pivot bearing is realized by rollers, which are arranged, for example, rotatably in the foundation.
  • the grinding container lies on the rollers.
  • Extensive rotary bearings on the end faces of the grinding container have become unnecessary according to the invention.
  • the maintenance opening is expediently so large that residues can easily be removed from the grinding container through the maintenance opening.
  • residues are, for example, non-crushable sheets or the like. If such residues have settled in the grinding container, they can be removed simply and quickly through the maintenance opening from the grinding container and in particular from the grinding chamber within the scope of the invention. Long downtimes due to maintenance work are thus avoided within the scope of the invention.
  • the inspection also enables blockages in the openings of the innermost sieve shell to be quickly recognized and removed if necessary.
  • the condition of the grinding media can also be easily monitored, so that damaged grinding media can be replaced before major damage occurs.
  • it can also be recognized whether a grinding process has lasted sufficiently long to shred the ground material to the desired extent.
  • Spherical grinding bodies and particularly grinding balls which are made of steel are preferred as grinding media.
  • differently shaped grinding media and / or materials can also be used within the scope of the invention.
  • the end faces are designed as end disks and each delimit a cavity which is connected to the grinding container via an inlet opening.
  • the end disks are preferably ring-shaped and have an outer contour that is circular in an end view.
  • the thickness of the end disks is preferably between 10 cm and 50 cm, the cavity being formed in the radially outer region of the end disks.
  • the maintenance opening is provided in the center or the center of at least one end plate.
  • the cavity is connected to the grinding container via the inlet opening.
  • the cavity of each end plate is equipped with an outlet opening which faces away from the grinding container and through which the ground material can be removed again from the cavity.
  • conveying means for example appropriately curved driver strips, which are connected to the inner wall of the cavity of the end disks, or guide channels are formed, which transport the regrind from the inlet opening to the outlet opening, from where the regrind arrives in suitable further processing units.
  • at least two sieve shells and preferably three sieve shells are provided, which also extend between the end faces.
  • the sieve shells are hollow cylindrical and are arranged concentrically to one another. With the exception of an outermost sieve bowl, all sieve bowls have discharge openings, which are slightly larger than the openings of the respective sieve bowl and allow regrind to fall back into the grinding chamber.
  • a driving element is provided, which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the drop opening and is connected to the rotatable grinding container in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the contour of the maintenance opening is basically arbitrary.
  • the maintenance opening is advantageously of rectangular design, the height and width of the rectangle each varying between 20 cm and 70 cm. Deviating from this, the maintenance opening is circular, its diameter varying between 20 cm and 70 cm.
  • a maintenance flap is advantageously provided, which is set up for quickly opening and closing the maintenance opening.
  • the maintenance flap is hinged to the front, for example. It can also consist of a transparent material, so that a continuous view of the grinding container is possible.
  • the wear of the device according to the invention is reduced.
  • the operation of the device can be made more effective, so that, in comparison with a device according to the prior art, a greater yield of separated, completely ground regrind can be achieved according to the invention.
  • the device according to the invention is preferably used for the recovery or, in other words, recycling of precious metals.
  • the noble metals are contained, for example, in electrical waste, furnace linings, catalysts or the like.
  • This raw ground material is introduced into the grinding container, for example through a loading opening provided in one of the end faces. This is done in batches, for example, in batches. In a different embodiment of the invention, however, continuous operation of the device according to the invention is also possible.
  • the grinding container rotates, the grinding media break up the ground material. Grist with a sufficiently small grain size penetrates through the sieve bowls and is finally discharged from the grinding container.
  • a commercially available electric motor is suitable as the drive means, for example.
  • the electric motor advantageously drives at least one of the rollers on which the grinding container rests.
  • the grinding container is thus set in a rotational movement about the horizontal axis.
  • the horizontal axis expediently runs through the center of the preferably circular end faces.
  • the sieve trays usually have openings that allow ground material with a sufficiently small grain size to pass through.
  • the openings of a sieve bowl are preferably all of the same size. However, as the distance between the sieve shell and the horizontal axis increases, i.e. towards the outside, the openings from the sieve shell to the sliding shell become smaller.
  • the outside of the grinding container is delimited by an outer wall which also extends between the end faces and has no openings. The outer wall delimits an outer annular space with the adjacent, radially inner sieve shell, which has the smallest openings.
  • the bearing comprises four rollers.
  • Four rollers enable an optimal weight distribution of the preferably hollow cylindrical grinding container and therefore a particularly low-maintenance rotation.
  • the bearing has at least two axes of rotation extending in the axial direction, each of which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to rollers, the axes of rotation being arranged on different sides of the grinding container.
  • the rollers which are connected to the same axis of rotation, are coupled to one another. This mechanical coupling of the rollers further increases the mechanical stability of the device.
  • roller used here is intended to encompass all rotatably mounted means with a circular outer contour.
  • each roller on the outside, with which it rests on the grinding container has a material for increasing the friction between the roller and the grinding container.
  • the material is, for example, an elastomer, a rubber or the like.
  • a role can also consist of several individual roles and can be designed, for example, as a pair of roles.
  • the cavity of a discharge end disk is connected to a first annular space via the inlet opening and the cavity of a loading end disk is connected to a second annular space.
  • a first annular space has coarse conveying means which, when the grinding container rotates in a discharge direction which is opposite to the grinding direction, transfer ground material into the cavity of the discharge end disk.
  • Another annular space which is preferably located radially further out and which is connected to a loading end disk is equipped with fine conveying means which, when the grinding container rotates in the grinding direction, transfer ground material into the cavity of the loading end disk.
  • a user of the device according to the invention can reverse the rotation of the grinding container, whereupon less comminuted regrind, for example from the first or innermost annular space, passes over the discharge end disk is carried out outside.
  • the roles of the end disks can of course also be exchanged, so that the fine regrind is guided over the end disk which is opposite the loading end disk via which the regrind is introduced into the grinding chamber.
  • the only roughly ground material would then be discharged at the loading end plate.
  • the cavity of the loading end plate would be connected to the first or innermost annular space via the inlet opening, the inlet opening of the opposite end plate forming an inlet opening in the outermost annular space.
  • the funding in the ring and cavities would have to be adjusted accordingly.
  • the first inner ring space therefore, has coarse conveying means which, when the grinding container rotates in the grinding direction, transfers ground material into the cavity of the discharge end disk
  • another ring space which is preferably further out has fine conveying means which, when the grinding container rotates in the grinding direction Transfer the regrind into the cavity of the loading end plate.
  • the inlet opening of the cavity of the discharge end disk can be closed by means of a flap which can be actuated from the outside.
  • the grinding container can be rotated in only one direction.
  • the ground material is first brought into the grinding chamber and the grinding container is set in rotation.
  • the flap of the inlet opening of the discharge end plate initially remains closed, so that the simultaneous discharge of coarse and fine ground material from the discharge end plate is avoided.
  • the flap is provided with openings which correspond to the openings in the outermost sieve shell. Finely chopped regrind can then be picked up on both end plates with the flap closed. If the output of fine regrind decays significantly, the flap can be opened from the outside, so that the coarse regrind is now discharged from the grinding container via the discharge end disk. In this variant, too, the roles or the function of the end disks can be interchanged so that the coarse regrind is discharged from the loading end disk.
  • an end plate has a central loading opening which is set up for feeding regrind into the grinding chamber.
  • only one of the end plates is equipped with a maintenance opening.
  • the other end plate, the loading end plate has a loading opening that is used to feed the material to be ground into the grinding chamber.
  • the feeding can take place, for example, with the aid of suitable feeding means.
  • the feed means can be designed to be pivotable so that, if necessary, the loading opening can also be used as a maintenance opening.
  • the grinding container advantageously lies only on its end disks on the rollers. With their radial outer sides, the end disks therefore form raceways on which the rollers roll. According to this advantageous further development, the section of the grinding container that extends between the mechanically stable end disks, that is to say the sieve shells with the exception of the innermost sieve shell, and the outer wall can be made less mechanically strong. In this way, the manufacture of the device according to the invention is simplified, which results in a further cost advantage.
  • the sieve shells advantageously each form openings of constant size, the size of the opening decreasing in the radial direction from the sieve shell to the sieve shell.
  • the outer wall has no openings. According to this advantageous further development, the grain size in the outermost annular space is significantly smaller than in the annular space or the radial inner space.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the device 1 according to the prior art.
  • the device 1 has a cylindrical grinding drum 2 which is set up for rotation about a horizontal axis 3.
  • the grinding drum 2 has an input face 4 and an output face 5.
  • an input pipe socket 9 is provided, which delimits a loading opening 10.
  • An outlet pipe socket 11 is provided in the middle of the outlet end face 5.
  • a pivot bearing 12, which comprises two pivot bearing supports 13, is used to hold the inlet pipe socket 9 and the outlet pipe socket 11.
  • the pivot bearing supports 13 hold the grinding drum 2 rotatably on the pipe sockets 9 and 11 on a foundation 14.
  • An electric motor 15 is provided for driving the grinding drum 2 and is connected to the output pipe socket 11.
  • the grinding drum 2 is arranged in a housing made of sheet metal, of which in Figure 1 just a lower case funnel 16 is shown.
  • Each sieve bowl 6, 7 and 8 has identical openings, for example in the form of slots, bores or meshes, which are designed for the passage of grains of a certain size. The size of these openings decreases from sieve dish to sieve dish from the inside to the outside.
  • the openings of the innermost sieve shell 6 are arranged for the passage of granules with a size of 20 mm, the intermediate sieve shell 7 for the passage of granules with a size of 5 mm and the fine sieve shell 8 for the passage of grain sizes of 1 mm.
  • the innermost sieve bowl 6 is mechanically stable. It delimits a grinding chamber 17 in which grinding media 18 are arranged.
  • the intermediate sieve shell 7 and in particular the fine sieve shell 8 have a lower mechanical strength than the innermost sieve shell 6.
  • Grist not shown in the figure, is introduced into the grinding chamber through the feed opening 10.
  • the electric motor 15 sets the grinding drum 2 in rotation, as a result of which the grinding bodies 18 comminute the ground material in the grinding chamber 17. Uncrushed ground material remains in the grinding chamber 17.
  • a forced entrainment element (not shown in the figure) is arranged in the form of a longitudinal bar, which likewise delimits or in other words closes the respective annular space.
  • the forced entrainment element is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the grinding container 2 and thus rotates during operation of the device 1. In this way, ground material is taken along by the forced entrainment element with each revolution of the grinding container.
  • the sieve shells 6 and 7 do not completely surround the annular spaces. Rather, each sieve bowl 6, 7 has recoil openings just before the force-taking element, which are somewhat larger than the openings of the sieve bowls 6, 7. In this way, regrind that has not fallen through the sieve shells 6 or 7 returns to the grinding chamber 17 and is comminuted again by the grinding bodies 18.
  • Finely ground material finally passes through the fine screen bowl 8 and is discharged via the housing funnel 16 for further processing.
  • the grinding container of the previously known device is not accessible from the outside.
  • the shredding process cannot therefore be monitored by simply looking into the grinding container. This can result in the shredding being too short or longer than necessary.
  • the yield of sufficiently finely ground and discharged regrind is reduced within a predetermined period. Furthermore, blockages or damage to the inside of the grinding container are not recognized, or only very late.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the device 19 according to the invention, which also has a grinding container 2.
  • the end faces of the device according to the invention are designed as end disks, which are referred to here as loading end disk 20 or discharge end disk 21 with reference to the material guide.
  • Said end disks 20 and 21 each define a cavity 22 in their interior, which has an outlet opening 23 and 24 on its side facing away from the grinding chamber 17.
  • the outlet opening 23 of the loading end plate 20 surrounds a circular loading opening 10 in a ring shape.
  • the outlet opening 24 of the discharge end disk 21 is guided around a maintenance opening 25 which is arranged centrally in the discharge end disk 21 and which can be closed by a maintenance flap 26.
  • An innermost sieve bowl 6, an intermediate sieve bowl 7 and a fine sieve bowl 8 extend between the loading end disk 20 and the discharge end disk 21.
  • the innermost sieve bowl is designed to be sufficiently thick to provide the necessary mechanical strength for the grinding chamber 17 in which the approximately ten kilogram grinding media 18 are arranged.
  • Each sieve bowl 6, 7 and 8 again has uniform openings, for example in the form of slots, bores or meshes, which are designed for the passage of grains of a certain size. The size of these openings again decreases from sieve dish to sieve dish from the inside to the outside.
  • the openings of the innermost sieve shell 6 are arranged for the passage of granules with a size of 20 mm, the intermediate sieve shell 7 for the passage of granules with a size of 5 mm and the fine sieve shell 8 for the passage of grain sizes of 1 mm.
  • An outer wall 38 has no openings and serves as an outer housing which closes off the grinding container 2 from the outside.
  • a first annular space 27 is defined between the innermost sieve shell 6 and the intermediate sieve shell 7.
  • the intermediate sieve shell 7 and the fine sieve shell 8 delimit a second annular space 28.
  • a third annular space 29 extends between the fine sieve shell 8 and the outer wall 38.
  • the loading end plate 20 has an input opening 30 which connects the third annular space 29 with its cavity 22.
  • the discharge end disk 21 delimits an inlet opening 31, which connects the cavity 22 formed by it to the first annular space 27.
  • a forced entrainment element is arranged, for example in the form of a longitudinal bar, which likewise delimits the annular space 27, 28, or closes it in other words.
  • the forced entrainment element is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the grinding container 2 and thus rotates during operation of the device 19. In this way, ground material is carried along by the forced entrainment element with each revolution of the grinding container.
  • the sieve shells 6 and 7 do not fully limit the annular spaces 27, 28. Rather, the sieve shells 6, 7 have recoil openings just before the force-taking element, which are somewhat larger than the openings of the sieve shells 6, 7. Regrind that is not by the Sieve bowls 6 or 7 has fallen back into the grinding chamber 17 in this way and is crushed again by the grinding bodies 18.
  • conveying means In the third annular space 29 conveying means, not shown in the figures, are arranged which, when the grinding container 2 rotates in one grinding direction, convey ground material which has entered the third annular space 29 to the inlet opening 30 of the cavity 22 of the loading end disk 20.
  • the cavity 22 is also equipped with conveying means which transfer the ground material to the outlet opening 23. From there, the ground material arrives in a drop channel 32 and can be processed further.
  • Funds are designed for example as driver bars, channels or the like.
  • the conveying means of the first annular space 27 convey the regrind into the cavity 22 of the discharge end disk 21.
  • the less comminuted regrind is then arranged in the cavity 22 of the output disk 21 and during rotation in the discharge direction also effective conveying means transported to the outlet opening 24, from where it falls into a discharge funnel 33.
  • the device 19 has a rotary bearing 12 which differs from the device 1 and which has rollers 34 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, are connected to one another via an axis of rotation 35 are.
  • a rotary bearing 12 which differs from the device 1 and which has rollers 34 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, are connected to one another via an axis of rotation 35 are.
  • rollers 34 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, are connected to one another via an axis of rotation 35 are.
  • Figure 2 only one axis of rotation 35 with two rollers 34 can be seen. This is arranged on the front of the grinding container 2. However, a further axis of rotation is arranged on the rear side, ie exactly in alignment with the axis of rotation 35 shown, which is therefore not shown in the figures.
  • the second axis of rotation points also two non-rotatably connected roles.
  • a total of four rollers are thus provided on which the grinding container 2 rests with its loading end plate 20 and its discharge end plate 21.
  • One of the axes of rotation 35 is driven by an electric motor 15 as a drive means for rotation.
  • the drive means can also have chains, sprockets or the like which act directly on the grinding drum.
  • guide rollers 37 are provided which are arranged with play relative to the respective end plate 20 or 21.
  • the ground material is introduced into the grinding chamber 17 via the loading opening 10.
  • the drive means for example an electric motor, then rotate the grinding container 2 in the grinding direction, so that the grinding bodies 18 comminute the ground material.
  • Sufficiently crushed ground material finally reaches the outermost third annular space 29 through the fine sieve shell 8.
  • the conveying means of the third annular space 29 convey the finely ground ground material into the cavity 22 of the loading end disk 20. From there it reaches the fall channel 32 and can be further processed as desired to isolate existing precious metals from the finely ground regrind.
  • the direction of rotation of the grinding container 2 is changed in order to discharge the material, which is only slightly comminuted.
  • the conveying means of the first annular space 27 convey the ground material, which is only slightly comminuted, into the inlet opening 31 of the cavity 22 of the discharge end disk 21, from where it reaches the discharge funnel 33.
  • the discharge end disk is not mounted on a roller 34, but in a roller or slide bearing.
  • the grinding container 2 is expediently designed to be rotationally symmetrical and preferably has an essentially cylindrical outer contour. Such a grinding container 2 can also be referred to as a grinding drum.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Mahlgut mit einem Mahlbehälter, der in axialer Richtung einander gegenüberliegende Stirnseiten aufweist, zwischen denen sich wenigstens eine Siebschale erstreckt, die zusammen mit einer anderen Siebschale oder einer sich ebenfalls zwischen den Stirnseiten erstreckenden Außenwand wenigstens einen Ringraum definiert, wobei die oder eine innerste Siebschale einen Mahlraum begrenzt, in dem Mahlkörper angeordnet sind, mit einem Lager zum drehbaren Halten des Mahlbehälters auf einem Fundament und mit Antriebsmitteln zum Drehen des Mahlbehälters um eine horizontale Achse in einer Mahlrichtung.The invention relates to a device for comminuting regrind with a grinding container which has axially opposite end faces, between which at least one sieve shell extends which, together with another sieve dish or an outer wall likewise extending between the end faces, defines at least one annular space, wherein the or an innermost sieve bowl delimits a grinding chamber, in which grinding elements are arranged, with a bearing for rotatably holding the grinding container on a foundation and with drive means for rotating the grinding container about a horizontal axis in a grinding direction.

Eine solche Vorrichtung ist dem Fachmann aus der Praxis bekannt. Die vorbekannte Vorrichtung verfügt über einen Mahlbehälter, der um eine horizontale Achse drehbar gelagert ist. Der Mahlbehälter ist zylinderförmig ausgebildet und weist zwei in einer Draufsicht kreisförmige Stirnseiten auf, die mittig mit jeweils einem Rohrstutzen verbunden sind, der in den Mahlhälter mündet, so dass Mahlgut über den jeweiligen Rohrstutzen in den Malbehälter ein- bzw. ausgeführt werden kann. Dabei ist jeder Rohrstutzen durch ein Drehlager drehbar auf einem Fundament gehalten. Zwischen den Stirnseiten erstrecken sich mehrere konzentrisch angeordnete Siebschalen, die jeweils als zylindrische Wandung mit Öffnungen konstanter Größe ausgeführt sind. Die zwischen den Siebschalen liegenden Räume werden hier als Ringräume bezeichnet. Die Größe der Siebschalen-Öffnungen nimmt von Siebschale zu Siebschale ab, wobei die äußerste Siebschale schließlich als feinporiges Maschensieb ausgeführt ist. Die innerste Siebschale ist hingegen mechanisch stabil und umgibt einen inneren Mahlraum, in dem etwa zehn Kilogramm schwere Mahlkörper angeordnet sind. Einer der Rohrstutzen des Mahlbehälters ist mit einem Elektromotor verbunden, der den Mahlbehälter um die horizontale Achse rotiert. Das durch den anderen Rohrstutzen eingeführte Mahlgut wird im Mahlraum von den Mahlkörpern zertrümmert. Ausreichend fein gemahlenes Mahlgut durchdringt schließlich die äußerste Siebschale und gelangt in einen unterhalb der Mahltrommel aufgestellten Ausführungstrichter.Such a device is known to those skilled in the art from practice. The known device has a grinding container which is rotatably mounted about a horizontal axis. The grinding container is cylindrical in shape and has two end faces which are circular in a plan view and which are each connected in the center to a pipe socket which opens into the grinding container, so that regrind can be introduced into or removed from the painting container via the respective pipe socket. Each pipe socket is rotatably held on a foundation by a pivot bearing. Several concentrically arranged sieve shells extend between the end faces, each of which is designed as a cylindrical wall with openings of constant size. The spaces between the sieve shells are referred to here as annular spaces. The size of the sieve shell openings decreases from sieve shell to sieve shell, the outermost sieve shell finally being designed as a fine-pored mesh sieve. The innermost sieve bowl, on the other hand, is mechanically stable and surrounds an inner grinding chamber in which grinding media weighing around ten kilograms are arranged. One of the pipe sockets of the grinding container is connected to an electric motor that rotates the grinding container around the horizontal axis. The regrind introduced through the other pipe socket is removed from the grinding media in the grinding chamber smashed. Sufficiently finely ground ground material finally penetrates the outermost sieve bowl and reaches an execution funnel set up below the grinding drum.

Die EP 2 907 577 A1 offenbart eine Kugelmühle, die ebenfalls eine zylinderförmige Mahltrommel mit Rohrstutzen an ihren Stirnseiten aufweist. Auch hier wird die Mahltrommel an ihren Rohrstutzen drehbar von einem Drehlager gehalten. Die dort offenbarte Kugelmühle dient zum Zermahlen von Flüssig-Feststoffgemischen und ist für einen kontinuierlichen Betrieb ausgelegt. Anstelle radialer Siebschalen ist hier eine kreisförmige Siebplatte in der Mahltrommel angeordnet, die sich parallel zu den Stirnseiten erstreckt. Die Mahltrommel ist mit Mitnehmerleisten ausrüstet, die bei einer Drehbewegung der Mahltrommel das Mahlgut von einem Eingangsrohrstutzen durch die Siebplatte hindurch zum anderen Rohrstutzen überführen, der als Ausgangsrohrstutzen dient.The EP 2 907 577 A1 discloses a ball mill, which also has a cylindrical grinding drum with pipe sockets on its end faces. Here, too, the grinding drum is rotatably held on its pipe socket by a rotary bearing. The ball mill disclosed there is used for grinding liquid-solid mixtures and is designed for continuous operation. Instead of radial sieve shells, a circular sieve plate is arranged in the grinding drum, which extends parallel to the end faces. The grinding drum is equipped with driver strips which, when the grinding drum rotates, transfer the material to be ground from an inlet pipe socket through the sieve plate to the other pipe socket, which serves as an outlet pipe socket.

Die DE 236 635 C betrifft eine Trommelkugelmühle mit einer Mahltrommel, in der sich eine durchlochte innere Trommel erstreckt. Die Mahltrommel verfügt ferner über zwei Stirnseiten, zwischen denen eine weitere durchlochte Innenstirnwand angeordent ist. Zum Ein- und Ausführen von Material sind eine Einführ- bzw. Ausführutsche vorgesehen.The DE 236 635 C. relates to a drum ball mill with a grinding drum, in which a perforated inner drum extends. The grinding drum also has two end faces, between which a further perforated inner end wall is arranged. An insertion or discharge chute is provided for the introduction and discharge of material.

Die US 3 371 547 A offenbart einen Antrieb für eine Trommel zum Pulversieren von Gegenständen. Zum Erzeugen einer Drehbewegung ist ein Antrieb mit Rollen vorgesehen, die über eine Kupplung 5 von einem Motor 3 angetrieben werden. Auf diesen Rollen liegt die Trommel auf.The US 3,371,547 A discloses a drive for a drum for powdering objects. To generate a rotary movement, a drive with rollers is provided which are driven by a motor 3 via a coupling 5. The drum rests on these rollers.

Auch die DE 19 12 860 zeigt einen solchen Rollenantrieb für eine Mahltrommel. Die Mahltrommel erstreckt sich dabei durch zwei Laufringe, die auf den angetriebenen Rollen aufliegen.Also the DE 19 12 860 shows such a roller drive for a grinding drum. The grinding drum extends through two races that rest on the driven rollers.

Weitere relevante Vorrichtungen gemäß dem Stand der Technik sind in der JP 2011 0625 A und in der JP H11 169734 A beschrieben.Other relevant devices according to the prior art are in the JP 2011 0625 A and in the JP H11 169734 A described.

Eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art, die auch als Siebkugelmühle bezeichnet wird, wird bereits seit vielen Jahren für das Aufmahlen von Mahlgut wie beispielsweise Schlackeresten aus Verbrennungsanlagen oder ausgebauten Ofeninnenverkleidungen aus Schamottesteinen eingesetzt. Das Zerkleinern solcher Ofenreste hat sich aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht insbesondere dann als sinnvoll erwiesen, wenn die Schlacke oder Schamottesteine Edelmetalle wie beispielsweise Kupfer, Gold oder Silber enthalten. Eine solche Siebkugelmühle wird auch zum Zerkleinern des Innenlebens von Katalysatoren für Kraftfahrzeuge verwendet.A device of the type mentioned at the beginning, which is also referred to as a sieve ball mill, has been used for many years for grinding ground material, for example slag residues from incineration plants or dismantled furnace linings made of refractory bricks. The comminution of such furnace residues has proven to be particularly useful from an economic point of view if the slag or fireclay stones contain precious metals such as copper, gold or silver. Such a screen ball mill is also used for crushing the interior of catalytic converters for motor vehicles.

Der eingangs genannten Vorrichtung haftet jedoch der Nachteil an, dass der Mahlbehälter von außen nicht zugänglich ist. Der Mahlbehälter und insbesondere die innere Siebschale sind auf Grund der schweren Mahlkörper einem starken Verschleiß ausgesetzt. Eine Wartungsöffnung in dem Mahlbehälter selbst hätte daher eine unerwünschte strukturelle Schwächung des Mahlbehälters zur Folge. Zudem müsste die Öffnung auch durch wenigstens eine inneren Siebschale führen, wodurch sich weitere Schwierigkeiten ergeben. Eine Öffnung an einer der Stirnseiten des Mahlbehälters ist ebenfalls nicht möglich, da dort das Drehlager zum drehbaren Halten der stirnseitigen Rohrstutzen angeordnet ist. Wegen der fehlenden Zugänglichkeit ist es nicht möglich, den Fortgang des Zerkleinerungsprozesses durch einfache Inaugenscheinnahme zu überwachen. Ferner werden Verstopfungen oder Beschädigungen durch Rückstände im Innern des Mahlbehälters nicht oder erst spät erkannt. Auch das Entfernen der Rückstände ist aufwändig.However, the device mentioned at the outset has the disadvantage that the grinding container is not accessible from the outside. The grinding bowl and especially the inner sieve bowl are exposed to heavy wear due to the heavy grinding media. A maintenance opening in the grinding container itself would therefore result in an undesirable structural weakening of the grinding container. In addition, the opening would also have to pass through at least one inner sieve shell, which creates further difficulties. An opening on one of the end faces of the grinding container is also not possible, since the rotary bearing is arranged there for rotatably holding the end pipe socket. Due to the lack of accessibility, it is not possible to monitor the progress of the shredding process by simply inspecting it. Furthermore, blockages or damage caused by residues inside the grinding container are not recognized or are recognized only at a late stage. The removal of the residues is also complex.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die einfach überwacht und gewartet werden kann.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a device of the type mentioned that can be easily monitored and serviced.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass das Lager über drehbar befestigte Rollen verfügt und der Mahlbehälter auf den Rollen aufliegt, wobei an wenigstens einer Stirnseite eine Wartungsöffnung ausgebildet ist, die einen Einblick in den Mahlbehälter ermöglicht, wobei die Stirnseiten als Endscheiben ausgebildet sind und jeweils einen Hohlraum begrenzen, der über eine Eingangsöffnung mit dem Mahlbehälter verbunden und mit Fördermitteln zum Austragen von Mahlgut aus einer Ausgangsöffnung ausgerüstet ist.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the bearing has rotatably fastened rollers and the grinding container rests on the rollers, a maintenance opening being formed on at least one end face, which provides an insight into the Grinding container enables, the end faces are designed as end plates and each delimit a cavity which is connected to the grinding container via an inlet opening and equipped with conveying means for discharging regrind from an outlet opening.

Erfindungsgemäß ist das Drehlager durch Rollen verwirklicht, die beispielsweise drehbar in dem Fundament angeordnet sind. Dabei liegt der Mahlbehälter auf den Rollen auf. Raumgreifende Drehlager an den Stirnseiten des Mahlbehälters sind erfindungsgemäß überflüssig geworden. Aus diesem Grund ist es möglich, an wenigstens einer oder aber auch an beiden Stirnseiten des Mahlbehälters eine Wartungsöffnung auszubilden. Die Wartungsöffnung ist zweckmäßigerweise so groß, dass Rückstände aus dem Mahlbehälter durch die Wartungsöffnung einfach entfernt werden können. Solche Rückstände sind beispielsweise nicht zerkleinerbare Bleche oder dergleichen. Haben sich solche Rückstände in dem Mahlbehälter festgesetzt, können diese im Rahmen der Erfindung einfach und schnell durch die Wartungsöffnung hindurch aus dem Mahlbehälter und insbesondere aus dem Mahlraum entfernt werden. Lange Stillstandszeiten aufgrund von Wartungsarbeiten sind im Rahmen der Erfindung somit vermieden. Die Inaugenscheinnahme ermöglicht ferner, Verstopfungen der Öffnungen der innersten Siebschale schnell zu erkennen und diese bei Bedarf zu entfernen. Auch kann der Zustand der Mahlkörper einfach überwacht werden, so dass beschädigte Mahlkörper ausgetauscht werden können, bevor größerer Schaden entsteht. Darüber hinaus kann auch erkannt werden, ob ein Mahlvorgang ausreichend lang angedauert hat, um das Mahlgut im gewünschten Maße zu zerkleinern.According to the invention, the pivot bearing is realized by rollers, which are arranged, for example, rotatably in the foundation. The grinding container lies on the rollers. Extensive rotary bearings on the end faces of the grinding container have become unnecessary according to the invention. For this reason, it is possible to form a maintenance opening on at least one or also on both end faces of the grinding container. The maintenance opening is expediently so large that residues can easily be removed from the grinding container through the maintenance opening. Such residues are, for example, non-crushable sheets or the like. If such residues have settled in the grinding container, they can be removed simply and quickly through the maintenance opening from the grinding container and in particular from the grinding chamber within the scope of the invention. Long downtimes due to maintenance work are thus avoided within the scope of the invention. The inspection also enables blockages in the openings of the innermost sieve shell to be quickly recognized and removed if necessary. The condition of the grinding media can also be easily monitored, so that damaged grinding media can be replaced before major damage occurs. In addition, it can also be recognized whether a grinding process has lasted sufficiently long to shred the ground material to the desired extent.

Als Mahlkörper kommen bevorzugt kugelförmige Mahlköper in Betracht und insbesondere Mahlkugeln, die aus Stahl gefertigt sind. Im Rahmen der Erfindung können jedoch auch abweichend geformte Mahlkörper und/oder Materialien eingesetzt werden.Spherical grinding bodies and particularly grinding balls which are made of steel are preferred as grinding media. However, differently shaped grinding media and / or materials can also be used within the scope of the invention.

Erfindungsgemäß sind die Stirnseiten als Endscheiben ausgebildet und begrenzen jeweils einen Hohlraum, der über eine Eingangsöffnung mit dem Mahlbehälter verbunden ist. Die Endscheiben sind bevorzugt ringförmig ausgebildet und weisen eine in einer Stirnansicht kreisförmige Außenkontur auf. Die Dicke der Endscheiben liegt bevorzugt zwischen 10 cm und 50 cm, wobei der Hohlraum in dem radial außen liegenden Bereich der Endscheiben ausgebildet ist. Im Zentrum bzw. der Mitte zumindest einer Endscheibe ist die Wartungsöffnung vorgesehen. Der Hohlraum ist über die Eingangsöffnung mit dem Mahlbehälter verbunden. Darüber hinaus ist der Hohlraum jeder Endscheibe mit einer Ausgangsöffnung ausgerüstet, die von dem Mahlbehälter abgewandt ist und über die das Mahlgut aus dem Hohlraum wieder abgeführt werden kann. In dem Hohlraum sind Fördermittel, beispielsweise zweckmäßig gebogene Mitnehmerleisten, die mit der Innenwand des Hohlraums der Endscheiben verbunden sind, oder Führungskanäle ausgebildet, die das Mahlgut von der Eingangsöffnung zur Ausgangsöffnung transportieren, von wo aus das Mahlgut in zweckmäßige Weiterverarbeitungseinheiten gelangt. Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung sind wenigstens zwei Siebschalen und bevorzugt drei Siebschalen vorgesehen, die sich ebenfalls zwischen den Stirnseiten erstrecken. Die Siebschalen sind hohlzylindrisch ausgestaltet und konzentrisch zueinander angeordnet. Mit Ausnahme einer äußersten Siebschale weisen alle Siebschalen Rückfallöffnungen auf, die etwas größer als die Öffnungen der jeweiligen Siebschale ist und ein Zurückfallen von Mahlgut in den Mahlraum ermöglicht. Ferner ist ein Mitnahmeelement vorgesehen, das in unmittelbarer Nähe zur Rückfallöffnung angeordnet und drehfest mit dem rotierbaren Mahlbehälter verbunden ist.According to the invention, the end faces are designed as end disks and each delimit a cavity which is connected to the grinding container via an inlet opening. The end disks are preferably ring-shaped and have an outer contour that is circular in an end view. The thickness of the end disks is preferably between 10 cm and 50 cm, the cavity being formed in the radially outer region of the end disks. The maintenance opening is provided in the center or the center of at least one end plate. The cavity is connected to the grinding container via the inlet opening. In addition, the cavity of each end plate is equipped with an outlet opening which faces away from the grinding container and through which the ground material can be removed again from the cavity. In the cavity, conveying means, for example appropriately curved driver strips, which are connected to the inner wall of the cavity of the end disks, or guide channels are formed, which transport the regrind from the inlet opening to the outlet opening, from where the regrind arrives in suitable further processing units. In an advantageous further development of the invention, at least two sieve shells and preferably three sieve shells are provided, which also extend between the end faces. The sieve shells are hollow cylindrical and are arranged concentrically to one another. With the exception of an outermost sieve bowl, all sieve bowls have discharge openings, which are slightly larger than the openings of the respective sieve bowl and allow regrind to fall back into the grinding chamber. Furthermore, a driving element is provided, which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the drop opening and is connected to the rotatable grinding container in a rotationally fixed manner.

Die Kontur der Wartungsöffnung ist grundsätzlich beliebig. Vorteilhafterweise ist die Wartungsöffnung jedoch rechteckig ausgestaltet, wobei die Höhe und Breite des Rechtecks jeweils zwischen 20 cm und 70 cm variieren. Abweichend davon ist die Wartungsöffnung kreisförmig ausgebildet, wobei ihr Durchmesser zwischen 20 cm und 70 cm variiert.The contour of the maintenance opening is basically arbitrary. However, the maintenance opening is advantageously of rectangular design, the height and width of the rectangle each varying between 20 cm and 70 cm. Deviating from this, the maintenance opening is circular, its diameter varying between 20 cm and 70 cm.

Vorteilhafterweise ist eine Wartungsklappe vorgesehen, die zum schnellen Öffnen und Schließen der Wartungsöffnung eingerichtet ist. Die Wartungsklappe ist beispielsweise an der Stirnseite angelenkt. Sie kann auch aus einem transparenten Material bestehen, so dass ein fortwährender Einblick in den Mahlbehälter ermöglicht ist.A maintenance flap is advantageously provided, which is set up for quickly opening and closing the maintenance opening. The maintenance flap is hinged to the front, for example. It can also consist of a transparent material, so that a continuous view of the grinding container is possible.

Aufgrund der besseren Überwachungsmöglichkeiten ist der Verschleiß der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung herabgesetzt. Darüber hinaus kann der Betrieb der Vorrichtung effektiver gestaltet werden, so dass im Vergleich zu einer Vorrichtung gemäß dem Stand der Technik erfindungsgemäß eine größere Ausbeute an abgetrenntem, fertig gemahlenem Mahlgut erzielbar ist.Because of the better monitoring options, the wear of the device according to the invention is reduced. In addition, the operation of the device can be made more effective, so that, in comparison with a device according to the prior art, a greater yield of separated, completely ground regrind can be achieved according to the invention.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung wird bevorzugt zum Wiedergewinnen oder mit anderen Worten Recyceln von Edelmetallen eingesetzt. Die Edelmetalle sind beispielsweise in Elektroabfällen, Ofeninnenverkleidungen, Katalysatoren oder dergleichen enthalten. Dieses Roh-Mahlgut wird, beispielsweise durch eine in einer der Stirnseiten vorgesehene Beschickungsöffnung, in den Mahlbehälter eingeführt. Dies erfolgt beispielsweise chargenweise also im so genannten Batchbetrieb. Bei einer abweichenden Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist jedoch auch ein kontinuierlicher Betrieb der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung möglich. Bei einer Rotation des Mahlbehälters zertrümmern die Mahlkörper das Mahlgut. Mahlgut mit ausreichend kleiner Korngröße dringt durch die Siebschalen und wird schließlich aus dem Mahlbehälter ausgetragen.The device according to the invention is preferably used for the recovery or, in other words, recycling of precious metals. The noble metals are contained, for example, in electrical waste, furnace linings, catalysts or the like. This raw ground material is introduced into the grinding container, for example through a loading opening provided in one of the end faces. This is done in batches, for example, in batches. In a different embodiment of the invention, however, continuous operation of the device according to the invention is also possible. When the grinding container rotates, the grinding media break up the ground material. Grist with a sufficiently small grain size penetrates through the sieve bowls and is finally discharged from the grinding container.

Als Antriebsmittel eignet sich beispielsweise ein handelsüblicher Elektromotor. Der Elektromotor treibt vorteilhafterweise wenigstens eine der Rollen an, auf denen der Mahlbehälter aufliegt. Durch diesen Antrieb wird der Mahlbehälter somit in eine Rotationsbewegung um die horizontale Achse versetzt. Die horizontale Achse verläuft in einer Stirnansicht zweckmäßigerweise durch den Mittelpunkt der bevorzugt kreisförmig ausgebildeten Stirnseiten.A commercially available electric motor is suitable as the drive means, for example. The electric motor advantageously drives at least one of the rollers on which the grinding container rests. By means of this drive, the grinding container is thus set in a rotational movement about the horizontal axis. In an end view, the horizontal axis expediently runs through the center of the preferably circular end faces.

Die Siebschalen verfügen in der Regel über Öffnungen, die den Durchtritt von Mahlgut mit einer ausreichend kleinen Korngröße ermöglichen. Die Öffnungen einer Sieschale sind bevorzugt alle gleich groß ausgestaltet. Mit zunehmendem Abstand der Siebschale zur horizontalen Achse, also nach außen hin, werden die Öffnungen von Siebschale zu Schiebschale jedoch kleiner. Außen ist der Mahlbehälter von einer Außenwand begrenzt, die sich ebenfalls zwischen den Stirnseiten erstreckt und keine Öffnungen aufweist. Die Außenwand begrenzt mit der benachbarten radialen weiter innen liegenden Siebschale, die die kleinsten Öffnungen aufweist, einen äußeren Ringraum.The sieve trays usually have openings that allow ground material with a sufficiently small grain size to pass through. The openings of a sieve bowl are preferably all of the same size. However, as the distance between the sieve shell and the horizontal axis increases, i.e. towards the outside, the openings from the sieve shell to the sliding shell become smaller. The outside of the grinding container is delimited by an outer wall which also extends between the end faces and has no openings. The outer wall delimits an outer annular space with the adjacent, radially inner sieve shell, which has the smallest openings.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung umfasst das Lager vier Rollen. Vier Rollen ermöglichen eine optimale Gewichtsverteilung des bevorzugt hohlzylindrisch ausgebildeten Mahlbehälters und daher eine besonders wartungsarme Rotation.According to a preferred embodiment, the bearing comprises four rollers. Four rollers enable an optimal weight distribution of the preferably hollow cylindrical grinding container and therefore a particularly low-maintenance rotation.

Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich im Rahmen der Erfindung, wenn das Lager wenigstens zwei sich in axialer Richtung erstreckende Drehachsen aufweist, die jeweils drehfest mit Rollen verbunden sind, wobei die Drehachsen auf unterschiedlichen Seiten des Mahlbehälters angeordnet sind. Die Rollen, die mit derselben Drehachse verbunden sind, sind miteinander gekoppelt. Diese mechanische Kopplung der Rollen erhöht die mechanische Stabilität der Vorrichtung noch weiter.Further advantages result in the context of the invention if the bearing has at least two axes of rotation extending in the axial direction, each of which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to rollers, the axes of rotation being arranged on different sides of the grinding container. The rollers, which are connected to the same axis of rotation, are coupled to one another. This mechanical coupling of the rollers further increases the mechanical stability of the device.

Der hier verwendete Begriff "Rolle" soll grundsätzlich alle drehbar gelagerten Mittel mit einer kreisförmigen Außenkontur umfassen. Zweckmäßigerweise verfügt jede Rolle an ihrer Außenseite, mit der sie an dem Mahlbehälter anliegt, über ein Material zur Erhöhung der Reibung zwischen der Rolle und dem Mahlbehälter. Das Material ist beispielsweise ein Elastomer, ein Gummi oder dergleichen. Eine Rolle kann im Rahmen der Erfindung auch aus mehreren Einzelrollen bestehen und beispielsweise als Rollenpaar ausgeführt sein.The term "roller" used here is intended to encompass all rotatably mounted means with a circular outer contour. Appropriately, each roller on the outside, with which it rests on the grinding container, has a material for increasing the friction between the roller and the grinding container. The material is, for example, an elastomer, a rubber or the like. Within the scope of the invention, a role can also consist of several individual roles and can be designed, for example, as a pair of roles.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind der Hohlraum einer Austragsendscheibe über die Eingangsöffnung mit einem ersten Ringraum und der Hohlraum einer Beschickungsendscheibe mit einem zweiten Ringraum verbunden. Gemäß dieser Weiterentwicklung kann durch die Zuordnung der Eingangsöffnung zu einem Ringraum festgelegt werden, welchen Zerkleinerungsgrad oder welche Korngröße das in den jeweiligen Hohlraum gelangende Mahlgut aufweisen soll. Auf diese Art und Weise ist eine Trennung zwischen wenig zerkleinertem Mahlgut und Mahlgut mit vergleichbar kleinerer Korngröße ermöglicht.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cavity of a discharge end disk is connected to a first annular space via the inlet opening and the cavity of a loading end disk is connected to a second annular space. According to this further development, by assigning the inlet opening to an annular space, it can be determined what degree of comminution or what grain size the ground material should reach in the respective cavity. In this way, a separation between ground material that has not been comminuted and ground material with a comparatively smaller grain size is made possible.

Gemäß einer diesbezüglich zweckmäßigen Weiterentwicklung weist ein erster Ringraum Grobfördermittel auf, die bei einer Rotation des Mahlbehälters in einer Austragsrichtung, die der Mahlrichtung entgegengesetzt ist, Mahlgut in den Hohlraum der Austragsendscheibe überführen. Ein anderer bevorzugt radial weiter außen liegender Ringraum, der mit einer Beschickungsendscheibe verbunden ist, ist mit Feinfördermitteln ausgerüstet, die bei einer Rotation des Mahlbehälters in Mahlrichtung Mahlgut in den Hohlraum der Beschickungsendscheibe überführen. Gemäß dieser Weiterentwicklung gelangt beim Rotieren des Mahlbehälters in Mahlrichtung kein Mahlgut in den Hohlraum der Austragsendscheibe. Lediglich die Beschickungsendscheibe wird mit Mahlgut versorgt, das den gewünschten Zerkleinerungsgrad aufweist. Diese Ausgestaltung eignet sich für den chargenweisen oder Englisch ausgedrückt Batchbetrieb der Vorrichtung. Gelangt kein Mahlgut mehr in die Beschickungsendscheibe oder wird aus der Beschickungsendscheibe kein hoch zerkleinertes Mahlgut mehr nach außen abgegeben, so kann ein Nutzer der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung die Rotation des Mahlbehälters umkehren, woraufhin weniger stark zerkleinertes Mahlgut beispielsweise aus dem ersten oder innersten Ringraum über die Austragsendscheibe nach außen ausgetragen wird. Selbstverständlich können die Rollen also die Funktion der Endscheiben auch ausgetauscht werden, so dass das feine Mahlgut über die Endscheibe geführt wird, die der Beschickungsendscheibe, über die das Mahlgut in den Mahlraum eingeführt wird, gegenüberliegt. Der Austrag des nur grob zerkleinerten Mahlguts würde dann an der Beschickungsendscheibe erfolgen. Der Hohlraum der Beschickungsendscheibe wäre über die Eingangsöffnung mit dem ersten oder innersten Ringraum verbunden, wobei die Eingangsöffnung der gegenüberliegenden Endscheibe eine Eingangsöffnung im äußersten Ringraum ausbildet. Die Fördermittel in den Ring- und Hohlräumen wären entsprechend anzupassen.According to a further development which is expedient in this regard, a first annular space has coarse conveying means which, when the grinding container rotates in a discharge direction which is opposite to the grinding direction, transfer ground material into the cavity of the discharge end disk. Another annular space which is preferably located radially further out and which is connected to a loading end disk is equipped with fine conveying means which, when the grinding container rotates in the grinding direction, transfer ground material into the cavity of the loading end disk. According to this further development, when the grinding container rotates in the grinding direction, no ground material gets into the cavity of the discharge end disk. Only the loading end plate is supplied with regrind that has the desired degree of comminution. This embodiment is suitable for batch operation of the device, or in English. If no regrind gets into the loading end disk or if a highly comminuted regrind is no longer released from the loading end disk, a user of the device according to the invention can reverse the rotation of the grinding container, whereupon less comminuted regrind, for example from the first or innermost annular space, passes over the discharge end disk is carried out outside. The roles of the end disks can of course also be exchanged, so that the fine regrind is guided over the end disk which is opposite the loading end disk via which the regrind is introduced into the grinding chamber. The only roughly ground material would then be discharged at the loading end plate. The cavity of the loading end plate would be connected to the first or innermost annular space via the inlet opening, the inlet opening of the opposite end plate forming an inlet opening in the outermost annular space. The funding in the ring and cavities would have to be adjusted accordingly.

Bei einer hiervon abweichenden Variante verfügt der erste also innerste Ringraum über Grobfördermittel, die bei einer Rotation des Mahlbehälters in Mahlrichtung Mahlgut in den Hohlraum der Austragsendscheibe überführen, wobei ein anderer bevorzugt weiter außen liegender Ringraum über Feinfördermittel verfügt, die bei einer Rotation des Mahlbehälters in Mahlrichtung Mahlgut in den Hohlraum der Beschickungsendscheibe überführen. Die Eingangsöffnung des Hohlraums der Austragsendscheibe ist mittels einer von außen betätigbaren Klappe verschließbar. Bei dieser Variante der Erfindung kann der Mahlbehälter in nur einer Richtung gedreht werden. Bei dieser Variante wird das Mahlgut zunächst in den Mahlraum gebracht und der Mahlbehälter in Rotation versetzt. Die Klappe der Eingangsöffnung der Austragsendscheibe bleibt zunächst verschlossen, so dass der gleichzeitige Austrag von grobem und feinem Mahlgut an der Austragsendscheibe vermieden ist. Bei einer Weiterentwicklung ist die Klappe mit Öffnungen versehen, die den Öffnungen der äußersten Siebschale entsprechen. Fein zerkleinertes Mahlgut kann bei geschlossener Klappe dann an beiden Endscheiben abgegriffen werden. Klingt der Ausstoß an feinem Mahlgut deutlich ab, kann die Klappe von außen geöffnet werden, so dass nun das grobe Mahlgut über die Austragsendscheibe aus dem Mahlbehälter ausgetragen wird. Auch bei dieser Variante können die Rollen oder die Funktion der Endscheiben vertauscht werden, so dass der Austrag des groben Mahlguts an der Beschickungsendscheibe erfolgt.In a variant deviating from this, the first inner ring space, therefore, has coarse conveying means which, when the grinding container rotates in the grinding direction, transfers ground material into the cavity of the discharge end disk, another ring space which is preferably further out has fine conveying means which, when the grinding container rotates in the grinding direction Transfer the regrind into the cavity of the loading end plate. The inlet opening of the cavity of the discharge end disk can be closed by means of a flap which can be actuated from the outside. In this variant of the invention, the grinding container can be rotated in only one direction. In this variant, the ground material is first brought into the grinding chamber and the grinding container is set in rotation. The flap of the inlet opening of the discharge end plate initially remains closed, so that the simultaneous discharge of coarse and fine ground material from the discharge end plate is avoided. At a As a further development, the flap is provided with openings which correspond to the openings in the outermost sieve shell. Finely chopped regrind can then be picked up on both end plates with the flap closed. If the output of fine regrind decays significantly, the flap can be opened from the outside, so that the coarse regrind is now discharged from the grinding container via the discharge end disk. In this variant, too, the roles or the function of the end disks can be interchanged so that the coarse regrind is discharged from the loading end disk.

Gemäß einer weiteren zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist eine Endscheibe eine mittige Beschickungsöffnung auf, die zum Zuführen von Mahlgut in den Mahlraum eingerichtet ist. Gemäß dieser Variante ist nur eine der Endscheiben mit einer Wartungsöffnung ausgerüstet. Die andere Endscheibe, die Beschickungsendscheibe, verfügt hingegen über eine Beschickungsöffnung, die zum Zuführen des Mahlguts in den Mahlraum eingesetzt wird. Das Zuführen kann beispielsweise mit Hilfe von zweckmäßigen Zuführmitteln erfolgen. Die Zuführmittel können schwenkbar ausgeführt sein, um die Beschickungsöffnung bedarfsweise auch als Wartungsöffnung nutzen zu können.According to a further expedient embodiment of the invention, an end plate has a central loading opening which is set up for feeding regrind into the grinding chamber. According to this variant, only one of the end plates is equipped with a maintenance opening. The other end plate, the loading end plate, however, has a loading opening that is used to feed the material to be ground into the grinding chamber. The feeding can take place, for example, with the aid of suitable feeding means. The feed means can be designed to be pivotable so that, if necessary, the loading opening can also be used as a maintenance opening.

Vorteilhafterweise liegt der Mahlbehälter nur an seinen Endscheiben auf den Rollen auf. Die Endscheiben bilden mit ihren radialen Außenseiten daher Laufbahnen aus, auf denen die Rollen abrollen. Gemäß dieser vorteilhaften Weiterentwicklung kann der sich zwischen den mechanisch stabilen Endscheiben erstreckende Abschnitt des Mahlbehälters, also die Siebschalen mit Ausnahme der innersten Siebschale, und die Außenwand mechanisch weniger fest ausgebildet sein. Auf diese Weise ist die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung vereinfacht, wodurch sich ein weiterer Kostenvorteil einstellt.The grinding container advantageously lies only on its end disks on the rollers. With their radial outer sides, the end disks therefore form raceways on which the rollers roll. According to this advantageous further development, the section of the grinding container that extends between the mechanically stable end disks, that is to say the sieve shells with the exception of the innermost sieve shell, and the outer wall can be made less mechanically strong. In this way, the manufacture of the device according to the invention is simplified, which results in a further cost advantage.

Vorteilhafterweise bilden die Siebschalen jeweils Öffnungen konstanter Größe aus, wobei die Größe der Öffnung in radialer Richtung von Siebschale zu Siebschale abnimmt. Die Außenwand weist keine Öffnungen auf. Gemäß dieser vorteilhaften Weiterentwicklung ist die Korngröße im äußersten Ringraum deutlich kleiner als in dem oder den radial weiter innen liegenden Ringräumen.The sieve shells advantageously each form openings of constant size, the size of the opening decreasing in the radial direction from the sieve shell to the sieve shell. The outer wall has no openings. According to this advantageous further development, the grain size in the outermost annular space is significantly smaller than in the annular space or the radial inner space.

Weitere zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Vorteile der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung unter Bezug auf die Figuren der Zeichnung, wobei gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleich wirkende Bauteile verweisen und wobei

Figur 1
eine Vorrichtung gemäß dem Stand der Technik und
Figur 2
eine Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung schematisch verdeutlichen.
Further expedient refinements and advantages of the invention are the subject of the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the figures of the drawing, the same reference numerals referring to components having the same effect and wherein
Figure 1
a device according to the prior art and
Figure 2
schematically illustrate an embodiment of the device according to the invention.

Figur 1 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Die Vorrichtung 1 verfügt über eine zylinderförmige Mahltrommel 2, die zur Rotation um eine horizontale Achse 3 eingerichtet ist. Dazu weist die Mahltrommel 2 eine Eingangsstirnseite 4 sowie eine Ausgangsstirnseite 5 auf. Zwischen der Eingangsstirnseite 4 und der Ausgangsstirnseite 5 erstrecken sich eine innerste Siebschale 6, eine Zwischensiebschale 7 sowie eine Feinsiebschale 8, die in radialer Richtung hintereinander angeordnet sind. Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the device 1 according to the prior art. The device 1 has a cylindrical grinding drum 2 which is set up for rotation about a horizontal axis 3. For this purpose, the grinding drum 2 has an input face 4 and an output face 5. An innermost sieve shell 6, an intermediate sieve shell 7 and a fine sieve shell 8, which are arranged one behind the other in the radial direction, extend between the input end face 4 and the output end face 5.

In der Mitte der Eingangsstirnseite 4 ist ein Eingangsrohrstutzen 9 vorgesehen, der eine Beschickungsöffnung 10 begrenzt. In der Mitte der Ausgangsstirnseite 5 ist ein Ausgangsrohrstutzen 11 vorgesehen. Zum Halten des Eingangsrohrstutzes 9 und des Ausgangsrohrstutzes 11 dient ein Drehlager 12, das zwei Drehlagerstützen 13 umfasst. Die Drehlagerstützen 13 halten die Mahltrommel 2 an den Rohrstutzen 9 und 11 drehbar auf einem Fundament 14. Zum Antrieb der Mahltrommel 2 ist ein Elektromotor 15 vorgesehen, der mit dem Ausgangsrohrstutzen 11 verbunden ist.In the middle of the input end face 4, an input pipe socket 9 is provided, which delimits a loading opening 10. An outlet pipe socket 11 is provided in the middle of the outlet end face 5. A pivot bearing 12, which comprises two pivot bearing supports 13, is used to hold the inlet pipe socket 9 and the outlet pipe socket 11. The pivot bearing supports 13 hold the grinding drum 2 rotatably on the pipe sockets 9 and 11 on a foundation 14. An electric motor 15 is provided for driving the grinding drum 2 and is connected to the output pipe socket 11.

Die Mahltrommel 2 ist in einem aus Blech bestehenden Gehäuse angeordnet, von dem in Figur 1 lediglich ein unterer Gehäusetrichter 16 dargestellt ist. Jede Siebschale 6, 7 und 8 weist identische Öffnungen, beispielsweise in Gestalt von Schlitzen, Bohrungen oder Maschen auf, die zum Durchlass von Körnern einer bestimmten Größe ausgelegt sind. Die Größe dieser Öffnungen nimmt von Siebschale zu Siebschale von innen nach außen hin ab. In dem gezeigten Beispiel sind die Öffnungen der innersten Siebschale 6 zum Durchlass von Körnern mit einer Größe von 20 mm, die Zwischensiebschale 7 zum Durchlass von Körnern mit einer Größe von 5 mm und die Feinsiebschale 8 zum Durchlass von Korngrößen von 1 mm eingerichtet. Die innerste Siebschale 6 ist mechanisch stabil ausgebildet. Sie begrenzt einen Mahlraum 17, in dem Mahlkörper 18 angeordnet sind. Die Zwischensiebschale 7 und insbesondere die Feinsiebschale 8 verfügen im Vergleich zur innersten Siebschale 6 über eine geringere mechanische Festigkeit.The grinding drum 2 is arranged in a housing made of sheet metal, of which in Figure 1 just a lower case funnel 16 is shown. Each sieve bowl 6, 7 and 8 has identical openings, for example in the form of slots, bores or meshes, which are designed for the passage of grains of a certain size. The size of these openings decreases from sieve dish to sieve dish from the inside to the outside. In the example shown, the openings of the innermost sieve shell 6 are arranged for the passage of granules with a size of 20 mm, the intermediate sieve shell 7 for the passage of granules with a size of 5 mm and the fine sieve shell 8 for the passage of grain sizes of 1 mm. The innermost sieve bowl 6 is mechanically stable. It delimits a grinding chamber 17 in which grinding media 18 are arranged. The intermediate sieve shell 7 and in particular the fine sieve shell 8 have a lower mechanical strength than the innermost sieve shell 6.

Figürlich nicht dargestelltes Mahlgut wird durch die Beschickungsöffnung 10 in den Mahlraum eingeführt. Anschließend versetzt der Elektromotor 15 die Mahltrommel 2 in Rotation, wodurch die Mahlkörper 18 das Mahlgut im Mahlraum 17 zerkleinern. Unzerkleinertes Mahlgut verbleibt im Mahlraum 17.Grist, not shown in the figure, is introduced into the grinding chamber through the feed opening 10. The electric motor 15 then sets the grinding drum 2 in rotation, as a result of which the grinding bodies 18 comminute the ground material in the grinding chamber 17. Uncrushed ground material remains in the grinding chamber 17.

In den beiden Ringräumen, die von den Siebschalen 6 und 7 beziehungsweise 7 und 8 begrenzt sind, ist jeweils ein figürlich nicht dargestelltes Zwangsmitnahmeelement in Gestalt eines Längsbalkens angeordnet, das den jeweiligen Ringraum ebenfalls begrenzt oder mit anderen Worten abschließt. Das Zwangsmitnahmeelement ist drehfest mit dem Mahlbehälter 2 verbunden und rotiert somit beim Betrieb der Vorrichtung 1. Auf diese Weise wird bei jeder Umdrehung des Mahlbehälters 2 Mahlgut von dem Zwangsmitnahmeelement mitgenommen. Die Siebschalen 6 und 7 umschließen die Ringräume nicht vollumfänglich. Vielmehr weist jede Siebschale 6, 7 kurz vor dem Zwangsmitnahmeelement Rückfallöffnungen auf, die etwas größer als die Öffnungen der Siebschalen 6, 7 sind. Mahlgut, das nicht durch die Siebschalen 6 oder 7 gefallen ist, gelangt auf diese Weise in den Mahlraum 17 zurück und wird von den Mahlkörpern 18 erneut zerkleinert.In each of the two annular spaces, which are delimited by the sieve shells 6 and 7 or 7 and 8, a forced entrainment element (not shown in the figure) is arranged in the form of a longitudinal bar, which likewise delimits or in other words closes the respective annular space. The forced entrainment element is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the grinding container 2 and thus rotates during operation of the device 1. In this way, ground material is taken along by the forced entrainment element with each revolution of the grinding container. The sieve shells 6 and 7 do not completely surround the annular spaces. Rather, each sieve bowl 6, 7 has recoil openings just before the force-taking element, which are somewhat larger than the openings of the sieve bowls 6, 7. In this way, regrind that has not fallen through the sieve shells 6 or 7 returns to the grinding chamber 17 and is comminuted again by the grinding bodies 18.

Fein zerkleinertes Mahlgut passiert schließlich die Feinsiebschale 8 und wird über den Gehäusetrichter 16 zur weiteren Bearbeitung ausgetragen.Finely ground material finally passes through the fine screen bowl 8 and is discharged via the housing funnel 16 for further processing.

Wie bereits in der Beschreibungseinleitung ausgeführt wurde, ist der Mahlbehälter der vorbekannten Vorrichtung von außen nicht zugänglich. Der Zerkleinerungsprozess kann daher nicht durch einfaches Hineinschauen in den Mahlbehälter überwacht werden. Dies kann dazu führen, dass das Zerkleinern zu kurz oder länger als notwendig erfolgte. In beiden Fällen wird die Ausbeute an ausreichend fein gemahlenen und ausgetragenen Mahlgut innerhalb eines vorbestimmten Zeitraums herabgesetzt. Ferner werden Verstopfungen oder Beschädigungen im Inneren des Mahlbehälters nicht oder erst sehr spät erkannt.As already explained in the introduction to the description, the grinding container of the previously known device is not accessible from the outside. The shredding process cannot therefore be monitored by simply looking into the grinding container. This can result in the shredding being too short or longer than necessary. In both cases, the yield of sufficiently finely ground and discharged regrind is reduced within a predetermined period. Furthermore, blockages or damage to the inside of the grinding container are not recognized, or only very late.

Figur 2 zeigt ein Ausfühungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 19, die ebenfalls einen Mahlbehälter 2 aufweist. Im Gegensatz zur vorbekannten Vorrichtung 1 gemäß Figur 1 sind die Stirnseiten der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung als Endscheiben ausgestaltet, die hier mit Bezug auf die Materialführung als Beschickungsendscheibe 20 beziehungsweise Austragsendscheibe 21 bezeichnet werden. Die besagten Endscheiben 20 und 21 begrenzen in ihrem Inneren jeweils einen Hohlraum 22, der an seiner von dem Mahlraum 17 abgewandten Seite eine Austrittsöffnung 23 beziehungsweise 24 aufweist. Die Austrittsöffnung 23 der Beschickungsendscheibe 20 umschließt eine kreisförmige Beschickungsöffnung 10 kranzförmig. Die Austrittsöffnung 24 der Austragsendscheibe 21 ist um eine mittig in der Austragsendscheibe 21 angeordnete Wartungsöffnung 25 herumgeführt, die durch eine Wartungsklappe 26 verschlossen werden kann. Figure 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the device 19 according to the invention, which also has a grinding container 2. In contrast to the previously known device 1 according to Figure 1 the end faces of the device according to the invention are designed as end disks, which are referred to here as loading end disk 20 or discharge end disk 21 with reference to the material guide. Said end disks 20 and 21 each define a cavity 22 in their interior, which has an outlet opening 23 and 24 on its side facing away from the grinding chamber 17. The outlet opening 23 of the loading end plate 20 surrounds a circular loading opening 10 in a ring shape. The outlet opening 24 of the discharge end disk 21 is guided around a maintenance opening 25 which is arranged centrally in the discharge end disk 21 and which can be closed by a maintenance flap 26.

Zwischen der Beschickungsendscheibe 20 sowie der Austragsendscheibe 21 erstrecken sich eine innerste Siebschale 6, eine Zwischensiebschale 7 sowie eine Feinsiebschale 8. Die innerste Siebschale ist ausreichend dick ausgestaltet, um die notwendige mechanische Festigkeit für den Mahlraum 17 bereitzustellen, in dem die etwa zehn Kilogramm schweren Mahlkörper 18 angeordnet sind. Jede Siebschale 6, 7 und 8 verfügt wieder über einheitliche Öffnungen, beispielsweise in Gestalt von Schlitzen, Bohrungen oder Maschen, die zum Durchlass von Körnern einer bestimmten Größe ausgelegt sind. Die Größe dieser Öffnungen nimmt wieder von Siebschale zu Siebschale von innen nach außen hin ab. In dem gezeigten Beispiel sind die Öffnungen der innersten Siebschale 6 zum Durchlass von Körnern mit einer Größe von 20 mm, die Zwischensiebschale 7 zum Durchlass von Körnern mit einer Größe von 5 mm und die Feinsiebschale 8 zum Durchlass von Korngrößen von 1 mm eingerichtet. Eine Außenwand 38 weist keine Öffnungen auf und dient als Außengehäuse, welches den Mahlbehälter 2 nach außen hin abschließt. Zwischen der innersten Siebschale 6 und der Zwischensiebschale 7 ist ein erster Ringraum 27 definiert. Die Zwischensiebschale 7 sowie die Feinsiebschale 8 begrenzen einen zweiten Ringraum 28. Ein dritter Ringraum 29 erstreckt sich zwischen der Feinsiebschale 8 und der Außenwand 38.An innermost sieve bowl 6, an intermediate sieve bowl 7 and a fine sieve bowl 8 extend between the loading end disk 20 and the discharge end disk 21. The innermost sieve bowl is designed to be sufficiently thick to provide the necessary mechanical strength for the grinding chamber 17 in which the approximately ten kilogram grinding media 18 are arranged. Each sieve bowl 6, 7 and 8 again has uniform openings, for example in the form of slots, bores or meshes, which are designed for the passage of grains of a certain size. The size of these openings again decreases from sieve dish to sieve dish from the inside to the outside. In the example shown, the openings of the innermost sieve shell 6 are arranged for the passage of granules with a size of 20 mm, the intermediate sieve shell 7 for the passage of granules with a size of 5 mm and the fine sieve shell 8 for the passage of grain sizes of 1 mm. An outer wall 38 has no openings and serves as an outer housing which closes off the grinding container 2 from the outside. A first annular space 27 is defined between the innermost sieve shell 6 and the intermediate sieve shell 7. The intermediate sieve shell 7 and the fine sieve shell 8 delimit a second annular space 28. A third annular space 29 extends between the fine sieve shell 8 and the outer wall 38.

Die Beschickungsendscheibe 20 verfügt über eine Eingangsöffnung 30, welche den dritten Ringraum 29 mit ihrem Hohlraum 22 verbindet. Die Austragsendscheibe 21 begrenzt eine Eingangsöffnung 31, welche den von ihr ausgebildeten Hohlraum 22 mit dem ersten Ringraum 27 verbindet.The loading end plate 20 has an input opening 30 which connects the third annular space 29 with its cavity 22. The discharge end disk 21 delimits an inlet opening 31, which connects the cavity 22 formed by it to the first annular space 27.

In den beiden Ringräumen 27 und 28 ist jeweils ein figürlich nicht dargestelltes Zwangsmitnahmeelement beispielsweise in Gestalt eines Längsbalkens angeordnet, das den jeweiligen Ringraum 27, 28 ebenfalls begrenzt oder mit anderen Worten abschließt. Das Zwangsmitnahmeelement ist drehfest mit dem Mahlbehälter 2 verbunden und rotiert somit beim Betrieb der Vorrichtung 19. Auf diese Weise wird bei jeder Umdrehung des Mahlbehälters 2 Mahlgut von dem Zwangsmitnahmeelement mitgeführt. Dabei begrenzen die Siebschalen 6 und 7 die Ringräume 27, 28 nicht vollumfänglich. Vielmehr weisen die Siebschalen 6, 7 kurz vor dem Zwangsmitnahmeelement Rückfallöffnungen auf, die etwas größer als die Öffnungen der Siebschalen 6, 7 sind. Mahlgut, das nicht durch die Siebschalen 6 oder 7 gefallen ist, gelangt auf diese Weise in den Mahlraum 17 zurück und wird von den Mahlkörpern 18 erneut zerkleinert.In each of the two annular spaces 27 and 28, a forced entrainment element, not shown in the figure, is arranged, for example in the form of a longitudinal bar, which likewise delimits the annular space 27, 28, or closes it in other words. The forced entrainment element is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the grinding container 2 and thus rotates during operation of the device 19. In this way, ground material is carried along by the forced entrainment element with each revolution of the grinding container. The sieve shells 6 and 7 do not fully limit the annular spaces 27, 28. Rather, the sieve shells 6, 7 have recoil openings just before the force-taking element, which are somewhat larger than the openings of the sieve shells 6, 7. Regrind that is not by the Sieve bowls 6 or 7 has fallen back into the grinding chamber 17 in this way and is crushed again by the grinding bodies 18.

In dem dritten Ringraum 29 sind figürlich nicht dargestellte Fördermittel angeordnet, die bei einer Rotation des Mahlbehälters 2 in einer Mahlrichtung Mahlgut, das in den dritten Ringraum 29 gelangt ist, zur Eingangsöffnung 30 des Hohlraums 22 der Beschickungsendscheibe 20 befördern. Der Hohlraum 22 ist ebenfalls mit Fördermitteln bestückt, die das Mahlgut zur Austrittsöffnung 23 überführen. Von dort aus gelangt das Mahlgut in einen Fallkanal 32 und kann weiter bearbeitet werden. Fördermittel sind beispielsweise als Mitnehmerleisten, Kanäle oder dergleichen ausgeführt.In the third annular space 29 conveying means, not shown in the figures, are arranged which, when the grinding container 2 rotates in one grinding direction, convey ground material which has entered the third annular space 29 to the inlet opening 30 of the cavity 22 of the loading end disk 20. The cavity 22 is also equipped with conveying means which transfer the ground material to the outlet opening 23. From there, the ground material arrives in a drop channel 32 and can be processed further. Funds are designed for example as driver bars, channels or the like.

Entsprechendes gilt für den Ringraum 27 und den Hohlraum 22 der Austragsendscheibe 21, die ebenfalls mit Fördermitteln ausstattet sind. Diese Fördermittel sind jedoch bei einer Rotation des Mahlbehälters 2 in Mahlrichtung wirkungslos. Bei einer Rotation in einer Austragsrichtung, die der Mahlrichtung entgegengesetzt ist, befördern die Fördermittel des ersten Ringraums 27 das Mahlgut jedoch in den Hohlraum 22 der Austragsendscheibe 21. Das weniger stark zerkleinerte Mahlgut wird dann durch die im Hohlraum 22 der Ausgangscheibe 21 angeordneten und bei Rotation in Austragsrichtung ebenfalls wirksamen Fördermitteln zur Austrittsöffnung 24 transportiert, von wo aus es in einen Austragstrichter 33 fällt.The same applies to the annular space 27 and the cavity 22 of the discharge end plate 21, which are also equipped with funding. However, these funds are ineffective when the grinding container 2 rotates in the grinding direction. When rotating in a discharge direction that is opposite to the grinding direction, the conveying means of the first annular space 27, however, convey the regrind into the cavity 22 of the discharge end disk 21. The less comminuted regrind is then arranged in the cavity 22 of the output disk 21 and during rotation in the discharge direction also effective conveying means transported to the outlet opening 24, from where it falls into a discharge funnel 33.

Um einen Mahlbehälter 2 mit einer Wartungsöffnung 25 in der Mitte der Stirnseite zu ermöglichen, verfügt die Vorrichtung 19 gemäß der Erfindung über einen von der Vorrichtung 1 abweichendes Drehlager 12, das über Rollen 34 verfügt, die in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel über eine Drehachse 35 miteinander verbunden sind. In Figur 2 ist lediglich eine Drehachse 35 mit zwei Rollen 34 erkennbar. Diese ist auf der Vorderseite des Mahlbehälters 2 angeordnet. Auf der Rückseite, also genau fluchtend zur dargestellten Drehachse 35, ist jedoch eine weitere Drehachse angeordnet, die figürlich daher nicht dargestellt ist. Die zweite Drehachse weist ebenfalls zwei drehfest mit ihr verbundene Rollen auf. Insgesamt sind somit vier Rollen vorgesehen, auf denen der Mahlbehälter 2 mit seiner Beschickungsendscheibe 20 und seiner Austragsendscheibe 21 aufliegt. Hierzu verfügen die Beschickungsendscheibe 20 sowie die Austragsendscheibe 21 jeweils über Laufbahnen 36, an denen die Rollen 34 abrollen.In order to enable a grinding container 2 with a maintenance opening 25 in the middle of the end face, the device 19 according to the invention has a rotary bearing 12 which differs from the device 1 and which has rollers 34 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, are connected to one another via an axis of rotation 35 are. In Figure 2 only one axis of rotation 35 with two rollers 34 can be seen. This is arranged on the front of the grinding container 2. However, a further axis of rotation is arranged on the rear side, ie exactly in alignment with the axis of rotation 35 shown, which is therefore not shown in the figures. The second axis of rotation points also two non-rotatably connected roles. A total of four rollers are thus provided on which the grinding container 2 rests with its loading end plate 20 and its discharge end plate 21. For this purpose, the loading end plate 20 and the discharge end plate 21 each have raceways 36 on which the rollers 34 roll.

Eine der Drehachsen 35 wird durch einen Elektromotor 15 als Antriebsmittel zur Rotation angetrieben. Abweichend davon können die Antriebsmittel auch Ketten, Zahnkränze oder dergleichen aufweisen, die an der Mahltrommel direkt angreifen.One of the axes of rotation 35 is driven by an electric motor 15 as a drive means for rotation. Deviating from this, the drive means can also have chains, sprockets or the like which act directly on the grinding drum.

Um ein Verschieben der Mahltrommel in axialer Richtung zu vermeiden, sind Führungsrollen 37 vorgesehen, die mit Spiel zur jeweiligen Endscheibe 20 bzw. 21 angeordnet sind.In order to avoid displacement of the grinding drum in the axial direction, guide rollers 37 are provided which are arranged with play relative to the respective end plate 20 or 21.

Erfindungsgemäß wird das Mahlgut über die Beschickungsöffnung 10 in den Mahlraum 17 eingeführt. Anschließend drehen die Antriebsmittel 15, beispielsweise ein Elektromotor, den Mahlbehälter 2 in Mahlrichtung, so dass die Mahlkörper 18 das Mahlgut zerkleinern. Ausreichend zerkleinertes Mahlgut gelangt schließlich durch die Feinsiebschale 8 in den äußersten dritten Ringraum 29. Die Fördermittel des dritten Ringraums 29 befördern das fein zerkleinerte Mahlgut in den Hohlraum 22 der Beschickungsendscheibe 20. Von dort aus gelangt es in den Fallkanal 32 und kann wie gewünscht weiter aufbereitet werden, um vorhandene Edelmetalle aus dem fein gemahlenen Mahlgut zu isolieren. Um das nur wenig zerkleinerte Material auszutragen, wird die Drehrichtung des Mahlbehälters 2 geändert. In der Austragsdrehrichtung befördern die Fördermittel des ersten Ringraums 27 das nur wenig zerkleinerte Mahlgut in die Eingangsöffnung 31 des Hohlraum 22 der Austragsendscheibe 21, von wo aus es in den Ausgabetrichter 33 gelangt.According to the invention, the ground material is introduced into the grinding chamber 17 via the loading opening 10. The drive means 15, for example an electric motor, then rotate the grinding container 2 in the grinding direction, so that the grinding bodies 18 comminute the ground material. Sufficiently crushed ground material finally reaches the outermost third annular space 29 through the fine sieve shell 8. The conveying means of the third annular space 29 convey the finely ground ground material into the cavity 22 of the loading end disk 20. From there it reaches the fall channel 32 and can be further processed as desired to isolate existing precious metals from the finely ground regrind. The direction of rotation of the grinding container 2 is changed in order to discharge the material, which is only slightly comminuted. In the discharge direction of rotation, the conveying means of the first annular space 27 convey the ground material, which is only slightly comminuted, into the inlet opening 31 of the cavity 22 of the discharge end disk 21, from where it reaches the discharge funnel 33.

Bei einer Variante der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, die figürlich nicht dargestellt ist, ist die Austragsendscheibe nicht auf einer Rolle 34, sondern in einem Wälz- oder Gleitlager gelagert.In a variant of the device according to the invention, which is not shown in the figures, the discharge end disk is not mounted on a roller 34, but in a roller or slide bearing.

Der Mahlbehälter 2 ist zweckmäßigerweise rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet, und weist bevorzugt eine im Wesentlichen zylindrische Außenkontur auf. Ein solcher Mahlbehälter 2 kann auch als Mahltrommel bezeichnet werden.The grinding container 2 is expediently designed to be rotationally symmetrical and preferably has an essentially cylindrical outer contour. Such a grinding container 2 can also be referred to as a grinding drum.

Claims (9)

  1. Device (19) for comminuting material, comprising
    - a grinding container (2), which has end faces (20, 21) opposite each other in the axial direction, between which there extends at least one screen basket (6, 7, 8) which, together with other screen baskets (6, 7, 8) or an outer wall (38) likewise extending between the end faces (20, 21), defines at least one annular space (27, 28, 29), the one or an innermost screen basket (6) delimiting a grinding space (17), in which grinding elements (18) are arranged,
    - a bearing (12) for holding the grinding container (2) rotatably on a foundation (14), and
    - drive means (15) for rotating the grinding container (2) about a horizontal axis (3) in a grinding direction,
    characterized in that
    the bearing (12) has rotatably fixed rollers (34) and the grinding container (2) rests on the rollers (34), wherein a maintenance opening (25) which permits a view into the grinding container (2) is formed on at least one end face (21, 22), wherein the end faces are formed as end discs (20, 21) and each delimit a hollow space (22), which is connected to the grinding container (2) via an inlet opening (30, 31) and is equipped with conveying means for discharging ground material out of an outlet opening (23, 24).
  2. Device (19) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the bearing (12) has at least four rollers (34).
  3. Device (19) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bearing (12) forms at least two axes of rotation (35) extending in the axial direction, which are each co-rotationally connected to rollers (34), wherein the axes of rotation (35) are arranged on different sides of the grinding container (2).
  4. Device (19) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow space (22) of a discharge end disc (21) is connected via the inlet opening (31) to a first annular space (27), and the hollow space (22) of a charging end disc (20) is connected to a second annular space (29).
  5. Device (19) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first annular space (27) has coarse conveying means which, during a rotation of the grinding container (2) in a discharge direction, which is opposite to the grinding direction, transfer material into the hollow space (22) of the discharge end disc (21), and another annular space (29) has fine conveying means which, during a rotation of the grinding container (2) in the grinding direction, transfer material into the hollow space (22) of the charging end disc (20).
  6. Device (19) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first annular space (27) has coarse conveying means which, during a rotation of the grinding container (2) in the grinding direction, transfer material into the hollow space (22) of the discharge end disc (21), and another annular space (29) has fine conveying means which, during a rotation of the grinding container (2) in the grinding direction, transfer material into the hollow space (22) of the charging end disc (20), wherein the inlet opening (31) of the hollow space (22) of the discharge end disc (21) can be closed by means of a flap actuated from outside.
  7. Device (19) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the charging end disc (20) has a central charging opening (10), which is configured to feed material into the grinding space (17).
  8. Device (19) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grinding container (2) rests on the rollers (34) with only its end discs (29, 21).
  9. Device (19) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the screen baskets at least partly (6, 7, 8) each form openings of constant size, wherein the size of the openings decreases in the radial direction from screen basket (6, 7, 8) to screen basket (6, 7, 8).
EP17001798.2A 2017-05-05 2017-10-30 Device for comminuting material Active EP3398685B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE202017002406.3U DE202017002406U1 (en) 2017-05-05 2017-05-05 Apparatus for comminuting regrind

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DE202017002406U1 (en) 2017-05-05 2017-06-29 Mairec Edelmetallgesellschaft Mbh Apparatus for comminuting regrind
DE102017208145A1 (en) * 2017-05-15 2018-11-15 Affinia Engineering GmbH Sieve ball mill for the treatment of metal-containing coarse material
CN108501210A (en) * 2018-04-03 2018-09-07 中国矿业大学 A kind of the fiber dispersion mill and fiber dispersing method of organic fibre reinforced compsite
CN108500819A (en) * 2018-04-03 2018-09-07 中国矿业大学 A kind of concrete or asphalt aggregate particle shape decorating device
CN110976035A (en) * 2019-11-25 2020-04-10 衡阳阳光陶瓷有限公司 Ceramic raw material ball mill that processing is divided to multicavity room
CN111174207A (en) * 2020-01-15 2020-05-19 鲍仙林 Waste incineration device for intelligently discharging slag based on rotation of gear
CN111495563B (en) * 2020-05-15 2021-10-01 崇左红狮水泥有限公司 A comb seam structure for cement mill discharge comb board
CN114887716B (en) * 2022-05-12 2023-06-27 锐华硅业(大关)有限公司 Fracturing quartz sand puffing and shaping intelligent robot
CN115845989A (en) * 2022-11-25 2023-03-28 华能国际电力股份有限公司上安电厂 Survey buret suitable for monitoring of 600MW unit coal pulverizer powder level
CN116532202A (en) * 2023-04-20 2023-08-04 长江师范学院 A grinding device with adjustable particle size

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JPH11169734A (en) * 1997-12-10 1999-06-29 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Milling container for ball milling apparatus, milling container structure body, ball milling apparatus, and method for milling powder using ball milling apparatus
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DE202014100640U1 (en) 2014-02-13 2014-02-21 Geisberger Gesellschaft für Energieoptimierung mbH Device for biogas plants for crushing and grinding liquid-solid mixtures
DE202017002406U1 (en) 2017-05-05 2017-06-29 Mairec Edelmetallgesellschaft Mbh Apparatus for comminuting regrind

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