EP3372942B1 - Lockable self-loading handgun - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a lockable self-loading handgun, for example from the US 3,955,470 (Kruzell ) is known.

Furthermore, such a weapon is from the DE 196 16 397 C2 (Guhring et al. ) known and has proven to be excellent, especially under difficult conditions, such as the sand-mud test according to NATO AC225.

Similar weapons are for example from the DE-PS 478 630 together with the associated master registration DE-PS 459 454 (both Kiraly ), DE 28 12 732 A (cedar ), U.S. PS 2,941,449 (Reed ), U.S. Patent 4,604,942 (Benelli ), U.S. Patent 3,318,192 (Miller ), U.S. Patent 3,955,470 (Kruzell ), known; also as assault rifles HK416, Steyr Aug, FN CAL and US rapid-fire rifle M16.

In military operations, larger police operations or hunting expeditions, it is often necessary to keep small arms, such as lockable self-loading rifles, ready to fire for longer periods of time or at best only to carry them safely and openly, without there being an opportunity to clean the weapon. Sand, dust and mud will inevitably settle in the mechanism of the weapon.

In addition, the barrel of the weapon is often heavily oiled out of misunderstood caution. If the reloaded cartridge is no longer completely oil-tight due to a damaging effect during the reloading process or for some other reason, oil can get into the cartridge and render part of the propellant charge ineffective. The result is a so-called "limp shot".

If you have to shoot in a dangerous situation, it may happen that the load is inhibited because either the retracting closure of accumulated contaminants is slowed down too much or because the effect of the combustion gases on the reloading mechanism is not quite sufficient as a result of an ammunition fault.

Further shots are usually carried out unhindered, since the closing movement, which may have been carried out by hand, has cleared the dirt to the side and no further interference is to be expected in the subsequent cartridge.

The above problems are all in the already mentioned DE 196 16 397 C2 (Guhring et al. ) solved perfectly.

Proceeding from this, the invention aims to provide an alternative breech control, which is more closely adapted to the energy conditions in the weapon during the self-loading process and is easy to manufacture.

The invention achieves this aim with the subject matter of patent claim 1.

The division of the unlocking control edge into three different, mutually merging edge sections, each with an increasing angle of inclination with respect to the longitudinal direction, serves to optimize the unlocking function of the locking head controlled by the control link via the control bolt. When the lock is opened, the control link of the backward moving lock carrier hits the longitudinally stationary control bolt of the lock head with its first unlocking edge section with a very flat slope. This first unlocking edge section serves as a lift slope for releasing and for the first movement of the closure head, which is under pressure. As a result of the flat angle of inclination, there is hardly any loss in speed of the returning closure carrier - as in itself DE-PS 478 630 and DE-PS 459 454 (Kiraly) known. The adjoining second unlocking edge section accelerates the rotary movement of the locking head in the direction of its unlocked position via the control bolt. This is also known per se from the two aforementioned German Kiraly patents. As a result of its curvature, the finally third unlocking edge section additionally and continuously accelerates the rotary movement of the closure head into its final unlocked position.

In the sixth edge section of the control link adjoining the unlocking control edge, the control bolt, and with it the locking head, remains in its unlocked position. He now takes part in the return movement of the closure carrier. He loosens the cartridge case that has been deflated in the cartridge chamber and pulls it out. The following has emerged in the case of attempts to fire: after the cartridge has been fired and the cartridge case has been loosened in and its pulling out of the cartridge chamber, there is still a residual gas pressure in the cartridge chamber and tube that is not harmful to safety. This residual gas pressure also accelerates the cartridge case, which has been deflated in the cartridge chamber, and the already retracting locking head with control bolts. Due to this backward acceleration, the locking head would even overtake the locking carrier moving backwards, if it were not for the control bolt on the control link. This phenomenon is used in that the longitudinal diameter of the sixth edge section is somewhat larger than the diameter of the control bolt. Therefore, the control pin carried backwards by the control link initially has a small one Distance from the right, that is, in the rearward direction, lower part of the sixth section of the curve and, owing to the aforementioned additional acceleration, imprints this on an impulse which in turn accelerates the return movement of the entire closure carrier. At the same time, this pulse is imprinted - somewhat in accordance with the increase in the longitudinal diameter - which has proven very useful in attempts at bombardment. The closure carrier and the closure head thus accelerate onto the closing spring, from which they are finally brought to the style and are then accelerated forward again.

The breech head comes to a standstill shortly before the cartridge chamber - but not the breech block. Whose front, at the transition from the sixth to the fourth edge section z. B. rounded edge now lifts the control pin strongly. The locking rotation of the breech head begins and is slowed down to the end by the fourth edge portion and further by the fifth locking edge portion.

Preferred embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims dealt with below.

The radius of curvature of the part of the circular-arc-like sixth edge section adjoining the third unlocking edge section and / or the part of the circular-arc-like sixth edge section corresponding to the radius of the control bolt corresponds (cf. claim 2). This measure ensures a good retention of the control pin in its fully unlocked position during the reverse and subsequent forward movement of the lock carrier; likewise a good transmission of the backward pulse exerted by the residual tube pressure from the deflated cartridge case to the closure head together with the control bolt and finally - via the rear end of the sixth edge section - onto the closure carrier.

Shooting tests have shown that the difference between the elongated longitudinal diameter of the sixth edge section and the diameter of the control bolt is preferably in the range from 0.2 mm to 1 mm, particularly preferably between 0.3 mm and 0.8 mm, in particular in the range from 0.4 mm to 0 , 6mm (see claim 3). When specifically choosing this diameter difference, however, the weapon geometry and the ammunition used, e.g. Cal. 5.56 x 45 NATO, in particular to consider the propellant charge.

At the locking end of the control link, a substantially U-shaped seventh edge section preferably connects the beginning of the first unlocking edge section with the end of the fifth locking edge section (cf. claim 4). This measure ensures a secure fit of the control pin in the locked position of the locking head. At the same time, it ensures that the unlocking rotation of the locking head begins with a delay depending on the length of the U-legs, i.e. when the gas pressure in the pipe has already dropped sufficiently. In addition, this allows the lock carrier to pick up speed before its control link begins to pivot the control pin u.

Good control of the control pin in the control link is achieved in that the distance between the mutually parallel unlocking and locking edge sections and between the two U-legs corresponds to the diameter of the control pin, preferably a few hundredths of a millimeter larger than this diameter (cf. claim 5).

Shooting tests have shown that the control link is preferably selected so that it allows a longitudinal displacement of the locking member relative to the control pin of 9mm to 17mm, preferably 11mm to 15mm, in particular 12mm to 14mm (see claim 6).

The same applies to the measure of choosing the first angle of inclination of the unlocking curve section in the range from 16 ° to 32 °, preferably 20 ° to 28 °, particularly preferably in the range from 22 ° to 26 °; to select the second angle of inclination of the second unlocking curve section in the range from 30 ° to 45 °, preferably 34 ° to 41 °, particularly preferably in the range from 35 ° and 40 ° and to choose the curvature of the third unlocking curve section so that the third angle of inclination of the tangents applied to it move in the range from 55 ° to 85 °, preferably 60 ° to 80 ° (cf. claim 7).

Preferred is the U-leg of the seventh edge section which adjoins the beginning of the first unlocking edge section and is longer than the parallel U-leg adjoining the end of the fifth locking edge section (cf. claim 8). This further delays the start of the unlocking rotation of the locking head, i.e. unlocked at even lower pressure.

The above and especially in the DE 196 16 397 C2 (Guhring et al ) Soiled problem is preferably countered by the fact that the circular arc-like sixth edge section has a recess at its front end and / or part of the periphery of the control pin pointing towards and / or pointing away from this end for receiving any dirt (cf. claim 9 ). The problem of dirt usually only occurs on the first shot because further shots or movements of the control pin in the control link usually ensure that the dirt falls off the control edges.

An additional securing of the control pin in its fully unlocked position during its forward and return run together with the breech carrier is brought about by a horizontal guide rail arranged above the control pin on the weapon housing (cf. claim 10).

The control link is preferably arranged laterally opposite the cartridge ejection window in such a way that its unlocking edge is above, i.e. lies above the locking edge (cf. claim 11). This measure serves to counter any dirt that is adhering to the unlocking edge. Because of gravity, it falls down more easily.

Designing the weapon as a gas pressure loader (cf. claim 12) has the advantage that further control measures can be carried out via an adjustable gas take-off on the tube, in particular after a possible exchange of the tube and the associated change in caliber and propellant charge.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with the aid of the attached schematic drawings.

Fig. 1

das hintere Ende eines Waffenrohres mit Verschluss in verriegelter Stellung,

Fig. 2

die selbe Anordnung wie in Fig. 1, jedoch mit entriegeltem Verschluss,

Fig. 3

ein Rohr der Waffe mit Verriegelungswarzen und Gasabnahme,

Fig. 4a

einen Verschlussträger mit Verschlusskopf in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 4b

eine Draufsicht auf den Verschlussträger der Fig. 4a,

Fig. 5

eine vergrößerte Kontur der Steuerkulisse des Verschlusses gemäß Fig. 1,2,

Fig. 6-14

Steuerbolzen in den verschiedenen Funktionsstellungen in der Steuerkulisse und

Fig. 15

einen Steuerbolzen.

The drawings show:

Fig. 1

the rear end of a barrel with a bolt in the locked position,

Fig. 2

the same arrangement as in Fig. 1 , but with the lock unlocked,

Fig. 3

a barrel of the weapon with locking lugs and gas take-off,

Fig. 4a

a closure carrier with closure head in side view,

Fig. 4b

a plan view of the closure carrier of Fig. 4a ,

Fig. 5

an enlarged contour of the control link of the closure Fig. 1,2 ,

Fig. 6-14

Control bolts in the various functional positions in the control link and

Fig. 15

a control pin.

All figures use the same reference numerals for the same elements. Explanations of a figure also relate to the other figures.

The Figures 1 to 4b each schematically show the breech system or parts thereof of a rapid-fire rifle designed here as a gas pressure loader. The tube 2, with its selenium axis designated as the longitudinal direction 4, has a cartridge chamber 6 at its rear end and is fixed in a rotationally fixed manner in a locking sleeve 8, which in turn is rigidly mounted in the weapon housing (not shown). The rear end of the locking sleeve 8 has a round opening 10, from which radially arranged radial grooves 12 extend, each of which has an approximately rectangular cross section. A round chamber 16 is formed between the front edge 14 of this opening and the rear end of the tube 2, the inside diameter of which corresponds approximately to the diameter that the groove bottoms of the round opening 10 form.

The closure has a closure carrier 18 and a closure head 20 mounted therein for longitudinal displacement and rotation. The closure head 20 has at its front end a cross section complementary to the round opening 10 of the locking sleeve 8 with projections or locking lugs 22, the geometry of which corresponds to that of the radial grooves 12; and a length that corresponds to the length of the chamber 16.

Thus, the closure head 20 can be inserted through the round opening 10 into the round chamber 16 in a rotational angle position aligned with the round opening 10. This angular position of the locking head corresponds to its fully unlocked position. From this position, the closure head 20 is rotated into its locked rotational position when the closure carrier 18 continues to advance and is completely unlocked again after a cartridge has been fired. The locking head 20 must maintain its unlocked rotational angle position during its subsequent return movement together with the closure carrier 18 and, in turn, subsequent forward movement until it has again run forward through the round opening 10.

If the closure head 20 is then rotated again in this position, its locking lugs 22 engage behind the webs, also called counter-warts, between the radial grooves 12 of the locking sleeve 8, while the locking head 20 simultaneously sits or almost sits on the rear end of the tube 2. Now the closure head 20 can no longer be moved in a straight line in the longitudinal direction 4 of the tube 2; it is "locked". Is it turned back to its previous position, i.e. "unlocked", then it can be pulled back out of the round chamber 16.

The closure part 20 is guided with its rear part in the closure carrier 18. The closure carrier 18 is by means of a gas piston device (not shown) ( Fig. 3 only shows a gas take-off device 34 on the tube 2) when firing backwards in the direction of arrow 32 against a closing spring (not shown) and then forced back into the lead by the latter.

The figures also show a bore 24 for the firing pin 26 passing through the closure head 20; Fig. 4b also shows a cartridge extractor 28 together with cartridge ejector 30. A control bolt 36 attached to the rear part of the closure head 20 passes through a control link 40 designed as an elongated hole in a wall of the closure carrier 18.

Fig. 5 shows schematically the contour of the control link 40 is on an enlarged scale.

When the locking head 20 is locked ( Fig. 1 ) or is in a locked position ( Fig. 4a and 6 ), then the closure carrier 18 is in its foremost position and is at the rear end of the tube 2. The control pin 36 is therefore shortly before the rear end of the U-shaped seventh edge section 80. When firing, the breech carrier 18 is in the direction of arrow 32 in Fig. 2 moves, and slides in with his Fig. 5 illustrated legs and edge portions 82, 52, 54 and 56 over the control pin 36. Since the locking head 20 is locked, it remains stationary in the longitudinal direction; likewise the control bolt 36 rigidly connected to it. The locking head 20 is rotatably supported in the locking carrier 18, with the result that the unlocking control edge holds it 50 first with the help of its first edge section 52, then its second edge section 54 and finally its third edge section 56 increasingly pushes downward and turns it counterclockwise - viewed from behind - increasingly faster into the unlocked position. After leaving the third unlocking edge section 56, the control bolt 36 remains in the sixth edge section 70. In this fully unlocked position of the locking head 20, its locking lugs 22 are aligned with the radial grooves 12 of the locking sleeve 8. The locking carrier 18, which runs back further, now takes the locking head 20 with it, ie he pulls it out of chamber 16. The residual gas pressure still in the tube 2 now accelerates the cartridge case to the rear, so that an impulse is transmitted via the closure head 20 and the control bolt 36 to the rear edge of the sixth edge section 70 of the control link 40 and thus to the closure carrier 18. As a result, the closure carrier 18 accelerates again, that is to say it gains momentum again through this use of energy.

The closure carrier 18, which moves back together with the closure head 20, now runs (in a manner known per se) against a closing spring (not shown) until it comes to a standstill due to its restoring force and is then pushed forward again by the closing spring.

The control pin 36 bears against the rear section of the sixth edge section 70 during this forward movement. This advance continues until the closure head 20 lies against the rear end of the tube 2. As soon as he and with him the control pin 36 have become longitudinally stationary, the control pin 36 is rotated into the locked position by the locking edge 60, more precisely by its fourth and fifth edge sections 62 and 64 - that is to say seen clockwise from the rear. It is now back in the Figures 1 and 6 locked position shown.

The empty cartridge case is ejected when the breech head 20 returns and a new cartridge is fed in during its course in a manner known per se.

In addition, the fully unlocked rotational position of the breech head 20 can be additionally secured during its common return and advance with the breech carrier 18 by reaching under the control bolt 36 under a guide rail 90 fastened in the weapon housing (see Fig. 12 ).

The rear edge portion 80 of the control link 40 has a U-shape and receives the control pin 36 in its locked pivot position. With its two legs running in the longitudinal direction 4, it merges into the first unlocking edge section 52 and the fifth locking edge section 64. The length of these two U-legs determines the distance D1 which the breech carrier 18 initially runs back after the shot and thereby absorbs kinetic energy before its unlocking control edge 50 engages the control pin 36.

The Fig. 5 it can also be seen that the breech carrier 18 and thus its control link 40 runs through a distance D2 with respect to the breechhead 20 for the complete rotation thereof into its unlocked or locked position, the length of which - depending on the weapon geometry and ammunition used, for example cal. 5.56 x 45 NATO, in particular propellant charge - preferably in the range from 9 mm to 17 mm, more preferably 11 mm to 15 mm, particularly preferably 12 mm to 14 mm, for example 13 mm. The center point of the free end of the control pin 36 lying in the control link 40 passes through approximately the distance identified by the reference numbers 41, 42, 44, 46 and 49. The section Δd 49 serves for the already mentioned utilization of the residual tube pressure acting on the deflated cartridge. The length of Δd corresponds to the difference between the longitudinal diameter of the sixth edge section 70 and the diameter of the control bolt 36. It is preferably in the range of 0.2 mm and 1 mm , in particular of 0.3 mm and 0.8 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm, for example 0.5 mm. The radii of curvature of the front and rear areas are true of the sixth edge section 70 is adapted to the radius of the control pin 36, but the additional distance Δd 49 lengthens the longitudinal diameter of this edge section 70, ie it is larger than the diameter of the control pin 36.

According to Fig. 5 the unlocking control edge 50 is composed of the first rectilinear edge section 52 with a relatively flat angle of inclination a to the longitudinal direction 4, the adjoining rectilinear second edge section 54, with a significantly steeper angle of inclination β to the longitudinal direction 4 and an adjoining curved third edge section 56, whose all tangents γ _{i have} a larger angle of inclination to the longitudinal direction 4 than the second edge section 54 with its angle of inclination β. Depending on the internal weapon geometry and the caliber used, in particular propellant charge, these angles of inclination are preferably in the following ranges: angle of inclination a in the range from 16 ° to 32 °, preferably 20 ° to 28 °, particularly preferably 22 ° to 26 °, for example 24 °; Inclination angle β in the range from 30 ° to 45 °, preferably 34 ° to 41 °, particularly preferably 35 ° to 40 °, for example 38 °. The third angles of inclination γ _{i of} the tangents on the curved sixth unlocking edge section 70 move in the range from 55 ° to 85 °, preferably 60 ° to 80 °.

The first edge section 52 with the angle of inclination a ensures a smooth entry of the control link 40 into its unlocking work and is significantly shorter than the second edge section 54. Its larger angle of inclination β accelerates the unlocking rotation of the locking head 36 until the third edge section 56 as a curved edge section for the control pin 36 again impresses with an additionally increasing rotational acceleration. In its fully unlocked position, the control pin 36 is located in the sixth edge section 70 and initially lies with its forward, i.e. in the longitudinal direction 4 directed to the peripheral section of the sixth edge section 70. The two areas of the control bolt 36 and the edge section which abut one another have radii which correspond to one another.

When the cartridge case is now pulled out of the cartridge chamber 6, this sleeve is accelerated again to the rear as a result of the residual gas pressure in the tube and transmits its impulse via the closure head 20 and the control bolt 36 attached thereto to the rear section of the sixth edge section 70. Again, the radii of the control bolt 36 and the radius of curvature of the rear section of the sixth edge section 70 are matched to one another. The impulse transmission causes the closure carrier 18 to accelerate further and thereby uses the residual pressure energy in the tube.

After its return and subsequent forward movement, the closure head 20 comes to a standstill in the round chamber 16 in front of the cartridge chamber 6. The locking control edge 60 of the closure carrier 18, which continues in the longitudinal direction 4, now acts on the control bolt 36 and thereby locks the closure head 20 with the aid of its edge sections 62 and 64. These two edge sections run parallel to the aforementioned unlocking edge sections 52 and 54. If the locking head 20 is locked, the locking carrier moves forward a little, but not so far that the control pin 36 abuts the rear end of the seventh edge section 80. It is braked beforehand by suitable means.

After firing again, the cycle just described begins again.

With today's weapons, a cadence of at least 600 rounds per minute can be expected, i.e. 10 shots per second with 10 forward and 10 rewinds of the control link 40 per second and correspondingly many control processes of the locking system.

The Figures 6 to 14 show the control link 40 of the lock carrier 18 and the control pin 36 in their different functional positions, during a cycle of the lock control.

Fig. 6 shows the control pin 36 in the locked position of the locking head 20 - as is known in the upper rear horizontal niche of the control link 40 of the lock carrier 18. The control link 40 is located - as already mentioned in the introduction DE 196 16 397 C2 (Guhring et al. ) known - on the left vertical side of the closure carrier 18 facing away from the cartridge ejection window. In contrast to the one just mentioned DE 196 16 397 C2 (Guhring et al. ), however, the first and the second edge sections 52, 54 of the unlocking control edge 50 run parallel to the respectively opposite fourth and fifth edge sections 62 and 64 of the locking control edge 60. This also has manufacturing advantages, among other things, since the mutually parallel edges of the control link are lighter can be produced, that is to say differently inclined control edges, for example can be produced in a single milling operation.

Also different from the one mentioned DE-PS 196 16 397 (Guhring et al. ), the lower front edge section 70 of the control link 40 is provided as a longitudinally elongated, circularly rounded recess, the diameter of which in the longitudinal direction is somewhat larger than the diameter of the control pin 36.

Fig. 6 further show that there is a free gap 81 between the control bolt 36, which remains in its locked position, and the right end of the control link 40, that is to say the right end of its seventh edge section 80. The control pin is not in the locked state on the lock carrier.

To optimize the unlocking function of the rotatable locking head 20 controlled by the control link 40 via the control pin 36, the first control slope, i.e. the first unlocking edge section 52. Because of its flat incline, it serves as a lifter slope for loosening and for the first movement of the closure head 20 which is under pressure. Due to the gentle run-up of the first flat unlocking slope 52 on the control bolt, there is hardly any loss in speed of the returning closure carrier 18.

At Fig. 7 the control link 40 is already in its backward movement as a result of the closure carrier 18 driven backwards by the gas piston after the shot.

In Fig. 8 the closure carrier 18 is still on its return. The second edge section 54 runs onto the periphery of the control pin 36 and again accelerates its rotational movement owing to the steeper inclination angle β. The unlocking rotation of the closure head 20 thus increases.

Fig. 9 shows the closure carrier 18 still on its return. Its third unlocking edge section 56 now runs over the periphery of the control pin 36 and, due to its greater curvature, presses the control pin 36 down even faster. The pivoting movement of the same and thus the unlocking rotation of the closure head 20 is accelerated again.

The previously described multi-stage unlocking and rotational acceleration of the closure head 20 after firing saves energy and ensures a smooth unlocking process. After finally leaving the curved third unlocking edge portion 56 ( Fig. 10 ), the control pin 36 is in its unlocked state in the sixth edge section 70. This edge section has a somewhat elliptical shape insofar as the radii of curvature of its front and rear sections each correspond to the radius of the control pin 36, but its longitudinal diameter is longer by the distance Δd than the control pin diameter.

Due to the use of the residual pressure energy in the tube 2 already described, the control pin 36 now strikes the rear section of the sixth edge section 70 and accelerates it again (see here Fig. 11 ). The resulting additional speed increase for the closure carrier 18 can be up to 1 m per second and more, depending on the residual gas pressure in the pipe 2, that is to say depending on the location of the gas pressure-reducing device 34 on the pipe 2 and the caliber used, in particular propellant charge.

At the same time, the pulse transmission from the control pin 36 to the closure carrier 18 takes place somewhat delayed due to the lengthening of the longitudinal diameter by the amount Δd.

In order to ensure the complete movement of the control pin 36 into its lowermost position (unlocking position) in the control link 40 in the event of shooting under difficult conditions (eg sand / mud tests according to NATO AC225) even if dirt has entered the control link and elsewhere, are they in the Figures 10, 11 and 15 Embodiments of the control pin 36 and the sixth edge section 70 shown. The control pin 36 has a recess 37 in its peripheral sections respectively opposite the front and / or the rear edge section of the sixth edge section 70, so that only the shaded area of the control pin 36 remains. Additionally or alternatively, the sixth edge section 70 is curved elliptically in the longitudinal direction 4. The resulting free spaces serve as a dirt reservoir for any residues of contamination that may be in the control link or can no longer be removed quickly enough. With the further movement of the control link 40 in relation to the control pin 36, any dirt residues are usually released automatically. With appropriate accumulation, especially before the first shot, they can lead to high friction losses and malfunctions.

After pulling out and ejecting the shot sleeve, the returning breech reaches its rearmost position in the housing, after which the closing spring (not shown), which is tensioned in the return, reverses and drives it forward in the direction of the cartridge chamber 6.

In the closing lead lies the lower rear rounding of the control bolt 36, as Fig. 12 indicates, at the rear also rounded recess of the underside of the sixth edge section 70. The control pin 36 is held in its lower position by a known guide rail 90 fastened in the weapon housing and is prevented from leaving this position prematurely. A pivoting of the breech head 18 and the control bolt 36 into the locked position is only possible after the breech head 20 has reached its foremost position in the longitudinal direction 4 within the round chamber 16, ie in front of the cartridge chamber 6. In this position of the locking head 20, the control pin 36 has already run in front of the guide rail 90 in the longitudinal direction 4 and is then moved by the edges 62 and 64 of the locking control edge 60 of the locking carrier which continues to advance 18 pivoted into its locking position, like that 13 and 14 demonstrate.

Fig. 15 shows an embodiment of a control pin 36 with the bore 24 for the firing pin 26 and recesses 37 to provide a space for dirt that has penetrated into the control link 40. The section of the control pin 36 shown with reference number 35 protrudes from the control link 40. The peripheral firing pin upper side 38 and the opposite peripheral firing pin lower side are guided by the control edges of the control link 40.

Claims (12)

1. A lockable self-loading hand firearm having

   a.) a breech block carrier (18) that is linearly displaced backward and forward in the firearm housing in the longitudinal direction (4), in which
   a.1.) a sliding guide (40), formed as an elongated hole and extending at an angle with respect to the longitudinal direction (4), is provided, having
   a.1.1) an unlocking control edge (50) and an oppositely situated locking control edge (60)
   and

   b.) a breech head (20), which

   b.1.) for unlocking and locking the firearm, with its rear portion is supported in the breech block carrier (18) so as to be longitudinally displaceable and rotatable about the longitudinal direction (4) and

   b.2.) on its rear portion has a control pin (36) extending transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction (4),

   c.) the control pin engaging with the sliding guide (40) so that

   c.1.) at the start of the opening motion of the breech block carrier (18), the breech head (20) remains stationary with respect to the longitudinal direction (4), but due to the action of the unlocking control edge (50) on the control pin (36), undergoes a rotational motion until unlocking occurs, and only then does it take part in the opening motion and the subsequent closing motion of the breech block carrier (18) and

   c.2.) shortly before the end of the closing motion, the breech head (20) comes to a stop with respect to the longitudinal direction (4), and during the end phase of the closing motion of the breech block carrier (18), due to the action of the locking control edge (60) on the control pin (36), undergoes a backward rotation until locking occurs, wherein

   d.) the unlocking control edge (50) is made up essentially of three different, intermerging edge sections (52, 54, 56), namely,

   d.1.) a linear first edge section (52) having a flat first inclination angle (α) with respect to the longitudinal direction (4),

   d.2.) a subsequent linear second edge section (54) having a much larger second inclination angle (β) with respect to the longitudinal direction (4), and

   d.3.) a subsequent curved third edge section (56), whose tangents have increasingly larger inclination angles (γ_i) with respect to the longitudinal direction (4) than the second inclination angle (β) of the second edge section (54),

   e.) the locking control edge (60) is made up essentially two different, intermerging linear edge sections (62, 64), namely,

   e.1.) a fourth edge section (62) that extends parallel to the second unlocking edge section (54) and

   e.2.) a fifth edge section (64) that extends parallel to the first unlocking edge section (52), and

   f.) on the unlocking-side end of the sliding guide (40), a sixth edge section (70) connects the end of the curved third unlocking edge section (56) to the beginning of the linear fourth locking edge section (62) in the manner of a circular arc and accommodates the control pin (36) in its unlocked position, wherein
   f.1.) this circular arc-shaped edge section (70) has a slightly larger (Δd) diameter than the control pin (36) in the longitudinal direction (4).
2. The firearm according to Claim 1, characterized in that the radius of curvature of the portion of the sixth edge section (70) adjoining the third unlocking edge section (56) and/or the fourth locking edge section (62) corresponds to the radius of the control pin (36).
3. The firearm according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the difference (Δd) between the longitudinal diameter of the sixth edge section (70) and the diameter of the control pin (36) is in the range of 0.2 mm to 1 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm, particularly preferably 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm.
4. The firearm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the locking-side end of the sliding guide (40), a seventh edge section (80) connects the beginning of the first unlocking edge section (52) to the end of the fifth locking edge section (64) in an essentially U shape, wherein the two legs of the U shape extend parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction (4), and with their free ends merge into the first and fifth edge sections (52, 64).
5. The firearm according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to Claim 4, characterized in that the distance between the parallel unlocking and locking edge sections (52, 54, 62, 64), and between the two U legs of the seventh edge section (80), corresponds to the diameter of the control pin (36), and is preferably greater than several hundredths of a millimeter.
6. The firearm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length of the sliding guide (40) is selected in such a way that it allows a longitudinal displacement of 9 mm to 17 mm, preferably 11 mm to 15 mm, in particular 12 mm to 14 mm, of the breech block carrier (18) relative to the control pin (36).
7. The firearm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

   - the first inclination angle (α) is in the range of 16° to 32°, preferably 20° to 28°, in particular 22° to 26°,

   - the second inclination angle (β) is in the range of 30° to 45°, preferably 34° to 41°, in particular 35° to 40°, and

   - the third inclination angles (γ_i) of the tangents are in the range of 55° to 85°, preferably 60° to 80°.
8. The firearm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the horizontally extending U leg of the seventh edge section (80) adjoining the beginning of the first unlocking edge section (52) is longer than the U leg, parallel thereto, adjoining the end of the fifth locking edge section (64), and both legs have a length of 2 mm to 6 mm, preferably 3 mm to 5 mm.
9. The firearm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circular arc-shaped sixth edge section (70) has a recess (37) on its an front end in the longitudinal direction (4) and/or on a portion of the periphery of the control pin (36) pointing toward this end and/or pointing away from this end, for accommodating any contaminants.
10. The firearm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a horizontal guide rail (90) situated in the firearm housing holds down the control pin (36) in its unlocked position during its backward and forward displacement with the breech block carrier (18), until the locking lugs (22) of the breech head (20) upon their displacement have moved through between the corresponding counterlocking lugs on the rear tube end of a rear tube extension or of a lock bushing (8).
11. The firearm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sliding guide (40) is situated laterally with respect to a cartridge ejection aperture in such a way that the unlocking edge (50) is situated above the locking edge (60).
12. The firearm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is designed as a gas pressure-loaded firearm.

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