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EP3363263B1 - Four a induction, machine a extruder et methode - Google Patents

Four a induction, machine a extruder et methode Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3363263B1
EP3363263B1 EP16766293.1A EP16766293A EP3363263B1 EP 3363263 B1 EP3363263 B1 EP 3363263B1 EP 16766293 A EP16766293 A EP 16766293A EP 3363263 B1 EP3363263 B1 EP 3363263B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
permanent magnets
induction furnace
workpiece
magnets
furnace according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP16766293.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3363263A1 (fr
Inventor
Helmut Soltner
Peter BLÜMLER
Harald GLÜCKLER
Werner Witte
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BUELTMANN GmbH
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Original Assignee
Bueltmann GmbH
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
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Publication of EP3363263A1 publication Critical patent/EP3363263A1/fr
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Publication of EP3363263B1 publication Critical patent/EP3363263B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/101—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications for local heating of metal pieces
    • H05B6/102—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications for local heating of metal pieces the metal pieces being rotated while induction heated

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an induction furnace for heating a workpiece made of metal, in particular to temperatures between 400 ° C. and 1100 ° C. for industrial applications.
  • the invention also relates to an extrusion plant comprising an induction furnace and a method for heating a workpiece in an induction furnace.
  • an eddy current is generated with the aid of a magnetic field that changes relative to the workpiece made of metal. This heats the workpiece.
  • a coil can be adapted to desired geometric requirements with little technical effort.
  • Coils have a relatively low weight and a relatively small installation space.
  • Conventional induction furnaces therefore include coils for generating alternating magnetic fields.
  • a device with a crucible for melting substances is known.
  • a changing magnetic field is generated using a coil.
  • permanent magnets are used to generate a constant magnetic field with which, among other things, a melt flow is to be calmed.
  • a linear drive can be used to transport melt material into and out of the facility.
  • coils made of superconducting material can be used. The one then to be operated The technical effort is very high, however, so that induction furnaces of this type have not become established in practice.
  • a device for inductive heating of a metallic workpiece includes a tubular body that carries a plurality of permanent magnets disposed within the tubular body.
  • the workpiece is placed inside the tubular body.
  • a motor rotates the tubular body with respect to the workpiece to heat the workpiece.
  • a device and a corresponding method for inductive heating of a workpiece is described in the publication US 2010/0147833 A1 disclosed.
  • a first magnetic unit is rotated around a metal workpiece using a superconducting coil.
  • Magnetic heating is also used in the U.S. 3,272,956 described.
  • the induction furnace comprises a plurality of permanent magnets for generating a magnetic field in an interior.
  • a holding device by which a workpiece can be held in the interior for heating.
  • a drive preferably with a controllable speed for generating a relative movement between the holding device and the permanent magnets.
  • the permanent magnets provide a magnetic field without having to use electrical energy. Due to the relative movement generated by the drive, the magnetic field in the metallic workpiece that is to be heated changes. In this way, an eddy current is generated in the metallic workpiece, which heats the workpiece. If the speed of the drive can be regulated, the heating process can be controlled by changing the speed.
  • the drive energy required for the drive usually electrical energy for a torque applied by an electric motor, is converted into thermal energy with almost no loss by the resulting eddy currents in the workpiece.
  • a metallic workpiece can thus be heated to a forming temperature with comparatively little energy, which enables forming such as extrusion.
  • the material-dependent forming temperatures required for such a forming as extrusion are generally between 400 ° C and 1100 ° C, which can be achieved with the induction furnace according to the claims.
  • non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, copper or brass are processed by extrusion, for example into aluminum profiles for windows or aluminum semi-finished products, aluminum or copper pipes or copper and brass profiles.
  • Bolts are typically used as the workpiece.
  • Such bolts made of aluminum, copper or brass usually have circular cross-sections with diameters of 100 to 400 mm and lengths between 250 and 1500 mm.
  • Such workpieces can be brought to the temperatures required for hot forming in order to subsequently z. B. reshaped by extrusion.
  • the holding device is preferably implemented by a clamping device.
  • a workpiece to be heated is clamped between two clamping cylinders of the holding device and thus preferably held solely by a force fit or friction fit.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to arrange the holding device including its clamping cylinder outside the interior or at least largely outside the interior and thus outside the strong magnetic field present therein. In this way, undesired heating of the holding device due to eddy currents occurring in the holding device as a result of relative movements is avoided or at least kept low.
  • the permanent magnets are thermally shielded from the interior.
  • the permanent magnets are preferably at a relatively small distance from the workpiece to be heated in order to be able to heat them to a sufficiently high level with little expenditure of energy.
  • the thermal shielding is provided, which thermally separates a workpiece located in the induction furnace from the permanent magnets.
  • the thermal shield includes in particular a polished surface that adjoins the interior.
  • the permanent magnets can be suitably protected from heat in a technically particularly simple manner.
  • At least the polished surface helps to adequately protect the permanent magnets from heat.
  • the polished surface basically consists of metal, for example aluminum with a polished surface or a stainless steel with a polished surface facing the interior.
  • the thermal shield preferably protrudes from the end faces of the permanent magnets in order to further improve the protection of the permanent magnets from overheating, without having to actively cool them in a technically complex manner.
  • the induction furnace preferably does not include any active cooling, for example, which consumes electrical energy, in order to keep the technical effort and the installation space small. If necessary, however, provision can still be made to provide active cooling, for example.
  • the thermal shield comprises a plurality of walls which are preferably spatially separated from one another by spacers.
  • Each wall can consist of a sheet metal, which on the one facing the interior Side is preferably polished.
  • One or more hollow cylinders that separate the permanent magnets from the interior can be provided as a shield. Because of spacers, a gap then remains between two hollow cylinders. A space filled with gas - for example with air - then remains between two hollow cylinders. In this way, permanent magnets can be better protected from the heat that arises in the interior due to the heating of the material. It is possible to heat workpieces made of metal to temperatures of 400 ° C and more without having to actively cool permanent magnets in a technically complex manner.
  • a device which is rotated around the interior space during operation and thereby generates a gas or air flow through the induction furnace.
  • the device comprises deflection means which, by means of a rotary movement, are able to deflect air in such a way that a gas or air flow is generated through the induction furnace.
  • deflection means which, by means of a rotary movement, are able to deflect air in such a way that a gas or air flow is generated through the induction furnace.
  • permanent magnets can be suitably protected from overheating.
  • wall areas of the shield are structured in such a way that air or gas transport along the shield is thereby supported in order to dissipate heat in this way.
  • there are webs, fins or troughs which run from an inlet opening into the induction furnace to an outlet opening out of the induction furnace or are at least directed in such a way as to promote the desired air or gas flow through the induction furnace.
  • the webs, fins or grooves in particular run obliquely relative to the axis of rotation of the permanent magnets and thus antiparallel to the axis of rotation in order to promote the desired gas or air transport to a particular degree.
  • the thermal shield can preferably be moved by a drive, in particular together with the permanent magnets. Only one drive is preferably provided for this in order to minimize the technical effort. This promotes an exchange of gas or air along the shield and / or inside the shield and thus further improves the thermal shield without having to use active cooling for permanent magnets.
  • a drive which drives a wing arrangement in such a way that an air flow is thereby generated adjacent to the interior space and preferably along the interior space and / or through the induction furnace. Permanent magnets are thus protected against excessive heating without having to actively cool.
  • the wing arrangement is preferably moved together with the permanent magnets by only one drive in order to minimize the number of drives required and thus the technical effort.
  • wings include attachments on the end faces of the induction furnace which, in the event of relative movements, cause an air flow into and / or out of the induction furnace.
  • the drive mentioned in each case is in particular an electric drive, which basically comprises an electric motor.
  • the speed of the motor is preferably adjustable.
  • the direction of magnetization of a permanent magnet runs from the south pole to the north pole of the permanent magnet.
  • Such directions of magnetization of the permanent magnets are preferably oriented differently in order to provide a particularly strong magnetic field in the interior.
  • the alignment of a direction of magnetization of a permanent magnet is tilted in particular relative to the alignment of the direction of magnetization of an annularly adjacent permanent magnet. This tilting direction is maintained along a ring shape, so that the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet too Permanent magnet is tilted in one direction in order to be able to provide a particularly strong magnetic field in the interior.
  • the permanent magnets opposite one another within a ring shape have the same direction of magnetization in order to provide a particularly strong magnetic field in the interior.
  • the tilt angle by which the magnetization direction of two permanent magnets arranged adjacent along a ring shape is tilted is at least 10 °, preferably at least 20 °, particularly preferably at least 30 ° and / or not more than 60 °, particularly preferably not more than 50 °.
  • the direction of magnetization of one permanent magnet then forms an angle of at least 10 °, preferably at least 20 °, particularly preferably at least 30 ° and / or not more than 60 °, particularly preferably not more than 50 °, with the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet adjacent along the ring shape .
  • Such tilt angles have proven to be suitable for providing a suitably strong magnetic field in the interior, which enables heating to forming temperatures even with relatively slow relative movements.
  • the drive can preferably rotate the permanent magnets around the interior. This avoids having to turn a highly heated workpiece, which is technically not easy due to the development of heat and the limited space available. But it is also possible to rotate the workpiece relatively slowly in the opposite direction. In addition, it is also possible to just rotate the workpiece in order to heat the workpiece to the forming temperature.
  • the permanent magnets are preferably arranged one above the other, next to one another and / or one behind the other, in order to be in the interior to be able to provide a strong magnetic field.
  • the permanent magnets are particularly preferably arranged in multiple layers, the layers being offset from one another in order to be able to provide a strong magnetic field in the interior without having to provide an excessively large installation space for the permanent magnets.
  • a distance preferably remains between a ring shape formed from permanent magnets and an adjacent ring shape formed from permanent magnets arranged above or below it. This distance makes it possible to hold or fix the permanent magnets in a suitable manner by means of a permanent magnet holder. This distance is filled in particular with structural material, which also ensures that centrifugal forces are absorbed during rotation.
  • the permanent magnets are held non-rotatably relative to one another by such a permanent magnet holder, in particular by means of a form fit. If the permanent magnets are to be moved, it is sufficient to move the permanent magnet holder and thus also all of the permanent magnets. The technical effort can thus be kept low.
  • a magnetic shield and / or a thermal shield are attached to the inside of the permanent magnet holder.
  • the permanent magnet holder is preferably made of aluminum, titanium and / or stainless steel, that is to say of a metal which is not magnetizable or is only weakly magnetizable. In particular, no ferromagnetic material is used for the holder. This helps ensure that a strong magnetic field can be provided in the interior.
  • external permanent magnets preferably have a larger diameter than internal permanent magnets in order to have a particularly strong magnetic field in the interior provide.
  • External permanent magnets are at a greater distance from the interior than internal permanent magnets.
  • the diameter of the magnets increases continuously from the inside to the outside. It is thus possible, further improved, to provide a strong magnetic field in the interior.
  • the permanent magnets have a non-rotationally symmetrical cross section.
  • the cross section is in particular polygonal and / or includes a bevel. This enables a non-rotatable mounting in a technically simple manner, which ensures the desired alignment of magnetic fields.
  • the direction of magnetization of the respective permanent magnet can be indicated, for example by a bevel, in order to facilitate a correct arrangement during the construction of the induction furnace.
  • a bevel is always present at the north pole of each permanent magnet in order to indicate the north pole.
  • a permanent magnet holder is provided with inserts for permanent magnets which specify an installation direction and installation position. It is then only possible in exactly one way to bring a permanent magnet with a non-rotationally symmetrical cross section into an insert. Installation errors are avoided particularly reliably in this way.
  • the permanent magnets comprise a bevel or some other alignment means which ensures that only one installation direction is possible.
  • the further magnets in addition to the permanent magnets already mentioned, namely adjacent to areas of the holding device for the workpiece.
  • the further magnets reduce the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets in the area of the holding device or components thereof.
  • the further magnets are preferably arranged in a ring around the area in which the magnetic field is to be reduced. It becomes such an undesirable heating of the Holding device avoided.
  • the further magnets are arranged in particular adjacent to the end faces of the named permanent magnets.
  • the direction of magnetization of a further magnet runs from the south pole to the north pole of the further magnet.
  • Such directions of magnetization of the further magnets are preferably aligned differently in order to reduce overall the resulting magnetic field in the area of components of the holding device.
  • the alignment of a direction of magnetization of a further magnet is tilted in particular relative to the alignment of the direction of magnetization of a further magnet adjacent in a ring shape. This tilting direction is maintained along a ring shape, so that the magnetization direction is tilted from further magnet to further magnet in one direction in order to be able to keep the resulting magnetic field low in the area which is enclosed by the further magnets.
  • the further magnets opposite one another within a ring shape have the same magnetization direction in order to provide a particularly well-reduced magnetic field in the inner area.
  • the tilt angle by which the magnetization direction is tilted by two further magnets arranged adjacent along a ring shape is at least 10 °, preferably at least 20 °, particularly preferably at least 30 ° and / or not more than 60 °, particularly preferably not more than 50 °.
  • the direction of magnetization of the one further magnet then forms an angle of at least 10 °, preferably at least 20 °, particularly preferably at least 30 ° and / or not more than 60 °, particularly preferably not more than 50 °, with the magnetization direction of the further magnet adjacent along the ring shape ° a.
  • tilt angles have been found to be suitable for providing a suitably reduced magnetic field in the named inner area in order to protect components of the holding device located in the inner area from heating.
  • one drive preferably the already mentioned one drive, can rotate the further magnets around the mentioned inner area. In this way, eddy currents can be generated in electrically conductive components of the holding device, which are directed in the opposite direction to the eddy currents that are induced by the permanent magnets. Undesired heating of components of the holding device is avoided in a further improved manner.
  • the further magnets are held non-rotatably relative to one another by a magnet holder, in particular by means of a form fit.
  • the magnet holder is in particular part of the aforementioned permanent magnet holder. If the further magnets are to be moved, it is sufficient to move the magnet holder and thus also all of the further magnets. The technical effort can thus be kept low.
  • the further magnets have a non-rotationally symmetrical cross section.
  • the cross section is in particular polygonal and / or comprises a bevel, groove or some other alignment means. This enables a non-rotatable mounting in a technically simple manner, which ensures the desired alignment of magnetic fields.
  • the magnetization direction of the respective further magnet can be indicated for example by a bevel, groove or the other alignment means in order to facilitate a correct arrangement during the construction of the induction furnace.
  • a chamfer is always present at the north pole on every further magnet in order to indicate the north pole.
  • a magnet holder is provided with inserts for further magnets, which specify an installation direction and installation position. It is then only possible in exactly one way to bring each additional magnet with a non-rotationally symmetrical cross-section into an insert. Installation errors are avoided particularly reliably in this way.
  • the further magnets comprise a bevel or another Alignment means that ensure that only one installation direction is possible.
  • the further magnets mentioned are preferably also permanent magnets.
  • a magnetic shield for the holding device in addition to the further magnets which reduce the magnetic field in the area of the holding device, there is a magnetic shield for the holding device.
  • This magnetic shielding for the holding device is in particular arranged on the end face adjacent to the permanent magnets, specifically in particular adjacent to the inner circumference of the permanent magnets.
  • This magnetic shield for the holding device is preferably hollow-cylindrical, disc-shaped or funnel-shaped, the funnel shape opening outwards when viewed from the interior.
  • a funnel shape is preferred because it is particularly well shielded and a compact design is still possible.
  • This magnetic shield consists for example of ferromagnetic material.
  • the diameter of the funnel base adjoining the permanent magnets is preferably less than or equal to the diameter of the inner circumference of the annular permanent magnets.
  • the diameter of the region of the shield adjoining the permanent magnets is preferably less than or equal to the diameter of the inner circumference of the annular permanent magnets. This helps to suitably protect the holding device from heating.
  • the holding device comprises one or more ceramic cutting disks, by means of which heat conduction from the workpiece to the holding device is inhibited.
  • the holding device consists entirely or predominantly of metal. The metal is then selected to make this special is temperature resistant.
  • the forming temperature of the metal for the holding device is preferably more than 800.degree. C., particularly preferably more than 1000.degree. C., very particularly preferably more than 1100.degree.
  • the magnetic shield which magnetically shields the permanent magnets from the outside. Magnetic shielding prevents magnetic fields outside the induction furnace. In this way, heating of electrically conductive objects outside the induction furnace, which could otherwise take place when the permanent magnets move, is advantageously avoided. Metal parts are then not or hardly at all unplanned magnetically attracted by the induction furnace or otherwise impaired.
  • the magnetic shield consists for example of a material with high magnetic permeability. Ferromagnetic materials are suitable for magnetic shielding.
  • the magnetic shield is a layer made of ⁇ -metal or tempered steel.
  • the interior space is preferably elongated.
  • the interior space is therefore relatively long in comparison to its diameter.
  • a suitably strong magnetic field can be provided in such an interior space, since a small distance between the permanent magnets and the elongated central axis of the interior space is possible.
  • the interior space is in particular 25 cm to 150 cm long and / or has a diameter of 10 cm to 50 cm.
  • a suitably strong magnetic field can be provided with the aid of permanent magnets in order to be able to heat a workpiece to temperatures of more than 400 ° C. without having to perform excessively fast relative movements.
  • low frequencies with which a workpiece must be rotated relative to the permanent magnets are sufficient. Frequencies of 10-20 Hz are usually sufficient.
  • the holding device for a workpiece is designed in particular so that it is able to hold two ends of an elongated workpiece located in the interior space, basically by means of a form fit and / or force fit or frictional fit.
  • the holding device can then be arranged outside the interior.
  • the holding device can consist entirely or at least predominantly of metal without having to fear excessive heating of the holding device.
  • the holding device is designed in such a way that it is able to clamp a workpiece. A workpiece is then held non-positively or frictionally by the holding device.
  • a gas supply device which is set up so that an inert gas, in particular N 2 , Ar or CO 2 , can be passed between a workpiece located in the furnace and the walls of the furnace adjoining it, namely during heating.
  • an inert gas in particular N 2 , Ar or CO 2
  • the interior of the induction furnace, in which a workpiece is to be heated, is then flooded with inert gas. Oxidation processes on the surface of the workpiece, which occur during prolonged heating or heating and which can reduce the quality of the workpiece, are advantageously avoided.
  • the induction furnace comprises a container which can be flooded with an inert gas.
  • the container is arranged and set up in such a way that when the container is flooded, the interior of the induction furnace is also flooded with the inert gas in order to avoid disadvantageous oxidation processes.
  • the induction furnace can be encased in an outer shell, for example. If the interior of the casing is flooded, the interior of the induction furnace provided for heating a workpiece is then also flooded with inert gas.
  • the container is trough-shaped, that is to say open at the top. A gas such as CO 2 is then used as the inert gas, which is heavier than air.
  • the induction furnace comprises, in one embodiment, a device with which a vacuum can be generated in the interior of the induction furnace.
  • the interior of the Induction furnace in which a workpiece can be heated, can therefore be sealed gas-tight, for example by a closable outer shell.
  • gas can be sucked out of the interior by a pump in order to generate the desired negative pressure or a desired vacuum.
  • the furnace comprises plates, generally ring-shaped plates on end faces, which are arranged in such a way that the escape of inert gas, which is introduced into the furnace during heating to avoid oxidation processes, is hindered. In this way, in a further improved manner, disadvantageous oxidation processes and an associated deterioration in quality can be avoided.
  • the invention also relates to an extrusion plant with an induction furnace according to the claims.
  • the induction furnace is arranged in such a way that it is able to heat a workpiece prior to extrusion, in particular to a forming temperature which is usually between 400 ° C and 1100 ° C. If the workpiece has been heated to forming temperature, the heated workpiece, which can then be deformed with relatively little effort, is transported to a further station of the extrusion plant and pressed into a strand in the intended manner by this further station.
  • the further station comprises a punch with which the workpiece, which has been brought to the forming temperature, is pressed through a die. I.a.
  • Rods, wires or tubes can be produced by extrusion.
  • the invention also relates to a method for heating a workpiece made of metal in an induction furnace according to the claims by rotating the workpiece relative to the permanent magnets of the induction furnace until the workpiece has been heated to such a temperature above 400 ° C. that it allows to deform the workpiece by extrusion.
  • an inert gas is preferably conducted past one or more surfaces of the workpiece in such a way that oxidation processes begin the one or more workpiece surfaces are hindered or avoided. In this way, loss of quality can be avoided.
  • the invention enables high productivity with a simultaneous significant reduction in the directly attributable energy consumption compared to conventional induction furnaces known from the prior art.
  • the invention can also be used for hardening steels by inductive heating.
  • the Figure 1 shows a section through an induction furnace 1 with a plurality of permanent magnets 2, 3 for generating a magnetic field in an interior 4.
  • the permanent magnets 2, 3 are arranged in two layers and in a ring around the interior space 4.
  • a cylindrical workpiece 5 made of metal is arranged in the interior space 4 and is held at its ends by a holding device.
  • the external permanent magnets 2 are at a greater distance from the interior 4 than the internal permanent magnets 3.
  • the external permanent magnets 2 have a larger diameter than the internal permanent magnets 3.
  • the external permanent magnets 2 form a first ring shape.
  • the internal permanent magnets 3 form a second ring shape.
  • the permanent magnets 2 of the first annular layer are not arranged offset with respect to the permanent magnets 3 of the second annular layer. At least as a rule, a distance remains between the two annular layers. Permanent magnets within a ring shape are packed as tightly as possible and therefore have the smallest possible distance from one another, so that they at least almost touch one another.
  • a thermal shield consists of two hollow cylinders 6 acting as a shield, which are spatially separated from one another by spacers (not shown) in such a way that an air-filled gap remains between the two hollow cylinders 6.
  • the inner sides, that is to say the sides facing the interior space 4, of the hollow cylinder 6 are polished in order to reflect heat radiation particularly well.
  • the permanent magnets 2, 3 are magnetically shielded from the outside by a hollow cylindrical magnetic shield 7.
  • the hollow cylindrical magnetic shield 7 can also contribute to the absorption of forces during rotation and can therefore be shrunk on.
  • each permanent magnet 2, 3 is indicated by arrows 8, 9, 10.
  • the direction of magnetization 8 of a first in the Figure 1 Permanent magnet 2 shown above runs vertically from bottom to top, namely from the south pole to the north pole of the associated permanent magnet 2.
  • the adjacent permanent magnet 2 arranged to the right has a magnetization direction 9 that is tilted or rotated to the right by 45 ° compared to the magnetization direction 8 .
  • the direction of magnetization 8 therefore forms an angle of 45 ° with the direction of magnetization 9.
  • the permanent magnet 2, which is arranged to the right of the permanent magnet 2 with the direction of magnetization 9, has a direction of magnetization 10 that runs horizontally from left to right. This has thus been tilted or rotated further by 45 ° in comparison to the direction of magnetization 9.
  • a permanent magnet 3 of the inner ring shape has as in FIG Figure 1 shown the same magnetization direction as an adjacently arranged permanent magnet 2 of the outer ring shape.
  • the permanent magnets 2, 3 are octagonal in section and are located in inserts with an octagonal cross section of a permanent magnet holder 11 made of aluminum.
  • the permanent magnet holder 11 can be rotated around the workpiece 5 by an electrical or pneumatic drive (not shown) together with the thermal shield 6 in order to heat the workpiece 5, which is made of metal, to the forming temperature.
  • an electrical or pneumatic drive not shown
  • the interior 4 is approx. 100 cm long and has a diameter of approx. 30 cm.
  • the induction furnace 1 includes a controller, not shown, which controls the rotation of the permanent magnet holder 11 and the speed.
  • the Figure 2 shows a ring arrangement formed from four layers of polygonal permanent magnets for an induction furnace around an interior space 4.
  • the permanent magnets 12 of the outer annular layer are arranged offset with respect to the permanent magnets 13 of an annular layer adjoining it.
  • the diameter of the permanent magnets 12, which are located in the outer layer are larger than the diameter of the permanent magnets 13, which are located in the adjacent annular layer.
  • Permanent magnets 14, which are also arranged in the shape of a ring and which adjoin the inside of the ring shape with the permanent magnets 13, are again arranged offset relative to the permanent magnets 13.
  • the diameter of the permanent magnets 14 is further reduced.
  • permanent magnets 15 of the innermost annular layer are also arranged.
  • These permanent magnets 15 of the innermost annular layer are arranged offset relative to the permanent magnets 14 of the layer adjoining them.
  • the permanent magnets 15 of the innermost layer have the smallest diameter. A gap remains between the individual ring-shaped layers. Permanent magnets in one layer are in contact.
  • FIG. 3 shows an induction furnace 1 with an external magnetic shield 7.
  • a holding device for a workpiece 5 comprises two clamping cylinders 16 through which the workpiece 5 as in FIG Figure 3 shown can be clamped. The workpiece 5 is then held by a force fit or friction fit.
  • the clamping cylinders 16 are mounted on carriages 17 which can be moved along a rail 18. In this way, the workpiece 5 can be moved into the induction furnace 1 and, after heating to the forming temperature, out.
  • the clamping cylinders 16 comprise ceramic intermediate layers in order to reduce heat conduction from the workpiece into the clamping cylinder.
  • the speed of the drive (not shown) for rotating the induction furnace 1 can be regulated in order to be able to control the heating of a workpiece 5.
  • the Figure 4 shows an example of a wing arrangement for the induction furnace.
  • the shields 6 are spaced apart and rotate during operation according to arrow 21.
  • Wings 20 shown in plan view are attached to the shields 6, which are inclined in such a way that due to the rotary movement 21, incoming air is deflected by the wings 20 into the gap between the hollow cylinder 6. In this way, an air flow is generated through the gap, which is able to transport heat away.
  • the Figure 4 further clarifies that the shield preferably protrudes with respect to the permanent magnets 12, 13, 14, 15 in order to protect the permanent magnets 12, 13, 14, 15 particularly well against overheating.
  • the Figure 4 further shows that more than two hollow cylinders 6 are preferably present, for example the one in FIG Figure 4 six hollow cylinders 6 shown in order to further improve the protection of the permanent magnets 12, 13, 14, 15 from overheating.
  • the Figure 5 shows a preferred embodiment of a thermal shield with a structure 22 on the surface of a hollow cylinder 6 with a polished inside 23. Relative to the axis of rotation 24 of the hollow cylinder 6, these run Structures 6 at an angle such that a gas or air transport is thereby promoted parallel to the axis of rotation 24 when the hollow cylinder 6 is rotated during operation.
  • the structures 22 are in the form of webs. Alternatively or in addition, however, grooves can also be provided which run obliquely relative to the axis of rotation 24 in order to promote a heat-dissipating gas or air transport.
  • the Figure 6 shows annularly arranged permanent magnets 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26 which, in the event of a relative movement in the workpiece, generate an eddy current in order to heat the workpiece.
  • Further magnets 27 are provided adjacent to the end faces of the named permanent magnets 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26 to reduce the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets in the area of the holding device.
  • the directions of magnetization of the further magnets 27 are therefore suitably aligned opposite to the directions of magnetization of the named permanent magnets 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26, so that the magnetic field is reduced on the end faces.
  • electrically conductive components of the holding device are then arranged, for example clamping cylinders 16.
  • the further magnets 27 are preferably likewise permanent magnets. These are preferably arranged adjacent to an inner layer, for example adjacent to the innermost layer or as in the case of the Figure 6 shown on a penultimate layer 25, seen from the outside, which adjoins the innermost layer 26 in order to reduce the magnetic field at the end faces in a particularly suitable manner.
  • the Figure 7 shows an embodiment with funnel-shaped magnetic shields 28, each of which encircles an area provided for the holding device.
  • These magnetic shields 28 for the holding device are arranged on the end face adjacent to the permanent magnets 12, 13, 14, 15.
  • Each funnel 28 adjoins the inner circumference of the innermost annular layer, which is formed from the permanent magnets 15. Starting from this inner circumference it opens the funnel shape seen from the interior, as shown in FIG Figure 7 will be shown.
  • This magnetic shield 28 consists of ferromagnetic material.
  • the Figure 8 shows an example of an inlet 29 in an end wall through which an inert gas can be passed into the furnace during heating. Opposite there are one or more end walls 30 which at least prevent the inert gas from escaping from the furnace interior. Quality losses due to oxidation processes can thus be avoided.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Four à induction (1) comprenant
    - une pluralité d'aimants permanents (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26) pour générer un champ magnétique dans un espace intérieur (4),
    - un dispositif de retenue (16, 17), par moyen duquel une pièce ce fabrication (5) peut être retenue dans l'espace intérieur (4) pour un chauffage, et
    - un entraînement pour générer un mouvement relatif entre le dispositif de retenue (16, 17) et les aimants permanents (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26), le mouvement relatif étant approprié pour chauffer une pièce de fabrication,
    caractérisé par
    d'autres aimants (27) adjacents au dispositif de retenue (16, 17) d'une pièce de fabrication (5), lesquels réduisent le champ magnétique généré par les aimants permanents (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26) dans la zone du dispositif de retenue (16, 17) et/ou
    par un blindage magnétique (28) d'une zone, dans laquelle le dispositif de retenue est disposé.
  2. Four à induction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le mouvement relatif est un mouvement de rotation entre le dispositif de retenue (16, 17) et les aimants permanents (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26).
  3. Four à induction selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé par un blindage thermique (6, 20), qui protège les aimants permanents (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26) de manière thermique contre l'espace intérieur (4), le blindage thermique (6, 20) comprenant notamment une surface (23) polie adjacente à l'espace intérieur (4) et/ou une surface structurée pour un transport de gaz.
  4. Four à induction selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la surface structurée comprend une ou plusieurs traverses (22) et/ou rainures, qui s'étendent de manière antiparallèle à un axe de rotation (24), autour duquel les aimants permanents (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26) sont tournés.
  5. Four à induction selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que des directions de magnétisation (8, 9, 10) des aimants permanents (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26) sont différentes, à savoir de préférence de sorte que celles-ci suivent un mouvement de basculement le long d'une forme annulaire.
  6. Four à induction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une disposition annulaire et/ou multicouches des aimants permanents (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26) autour de l'espace intérieur (4).
  7. Four à induction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les aimants permanents (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26) sont retenus de manière non-tournante à l'intérieur d'un support d'aimants permanents (11) par moyen du support d'aimants permanents (11), notamment par complémentarité de formes.
  8. Four à induction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des aimants permanents extérieurs (2) comprennent un plus grand diamètre que celui des aimants permanents intérieurs (3).
  9. Four à induction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les aimants permanents (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26) comprennent une section transversale non formée à symétrie de révolution et la section transversale est notamment polygonale et/ou comprend un chanfrein, qui peut de préférence indiquer la direction de magnétisation des aimants permanents.
  10. Four à induction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les autres aimants (27) sont retenus de manière non-tournante dans un support d'aimants permanents (11), de préférence par complémentarité de formes, et/ou les autres aimants (27) comprennent des directions de magnétisation différentes et/ou les autres aimants (27) sont disposés notamment de manière annulaire sur des faces avant des aimants permanents (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26).
  11. Four à induction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par un blindage magnétique (7), qui protège les aimants permanents (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26) sur le plan magnétique contre l'extérieur.
  12. Four à induction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'espace intérieur (4) est allongé et le dispositif de retenue (16, 17) peut retenir deux extrémités d'une pièce de fabrication (5) allongée, dans lequel le dispositif de retenue peut être complètement ou pour la plupart disposé à l'extérieur de l'espace intérieur (4).
  13. Four à induction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le blindage magnétique (28) est disposé de manière adjacente à la circonférence intérieure des aimants permanents (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26) disposés de manière annulaire.
  14. Installation de presse à extrusion comprenant un four à induction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le four à induction étant disposé, de sorte qu'il est capable de chauffer une pièce de fabrication (5) avant une extrusion, et notamment à 400°C à 1100°C.
  15. Procédé de chauffage d'une pièce de fabrication (5) métallique dans un four à induction (1) comprenant les caractéristiques selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, dans lequel four à induction la pièce de fabrication (5) est tournée par rapport aux aimants permanents (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26), jusqu'à ce que la pièce de fabrication (5) soit chauffée à une température de 400°C et de plus.
EP16766293.1A 2015-10-13 2016-09-15 Four a induction, machine a extruder et methode Active EP3363263B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015219831.6A DE102015219831A1 (de) 2015-10-13 2015-10-13 Induktionsofen, Strangpressanlage und Verfahren
PCT/EP2016/071773 WO2017063811A1 (fr) 2015-10-13 2016-09-15 Four à induction, installation d'extrusion et procédé

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EP3363263A1 EP3363263A1 (fr) 2018-08-22
EP3363263B1 true EP3363263B1 (fr) 2021-03-03

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DE (1) DE102015219831A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2869968T3 (fr)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019212339A1 (de) 2019-08-19 2021-02-25 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Lagervorrichtung für Permanentmagnete

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1191400B (de) * 1960-09-07 1965-04-22 Otto Junker Fa Beschickungs- und Haltevorrichtung bei einer Induktions-Erwaermungsanlage
CH416879A (de) * 1963-04-01 1966-07-15 Baermann Max Ofen zur Erwärmung von metallischen Teilen
DE3910777C2 (de) 1989-04-04 2001-08-09 Ald Vacuum Techn Ag Induktionsofen mit einem metallischen Tiegel
DE102007039888B4 (de) * 2007-08-23 2010-01-28 Zenergy Power Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Induktionserwärmung eines metallischen Werkstücks
CN104285501B (zh) * 2012-03-01 2016-07-20 伊诺瓦实验室公司 用于坯锭的感应加热的装置

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ES2869968T3 (es) 2021-10-26
WO2017063811A1 (fr) 2017-04-20
DE102015219831A1 (de) 2017-04-13
EP3363263A1 (fr) 2018-08-22

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