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EP3363030A1 - Compact dry-type transformer comprising an electrical winding, and method for manufacturing an electrical winding - Google Patents

Compact dry-type transformer comprising an electrical winding, and method for manufacturing an electrical winding

Info

Publication number
EP3363030A1
EP3363030A1 EP17705084.6A EP17705084A EP3363030A1 EP 3363030 A1 EP3363030 A1 EP 3363030A1 EP 17705084 A EP17705084 A EP 17705084A EP 3363030 A1 EP3363030 A1 EP 3363030A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
electrical winding
formulation
filler
insulating body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17705084.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3363030B1 (en
Inventor
Bernd Hofmann
Benedikt Hönisch
Tim-Felix Mai
Christian Seidel
Steffen Weinert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3363030A1 publication Critical patent/EP3363030A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3363030B1 publication Critical patent/EP3363030B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/288—Shielding
    • H01F27/2885—Shielding with shields or electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
    • C09D7/68—Particle size between 100-1000 nm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/327—Encapsulating or impregnating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens
    • H01F27/363—Electric or magnetic shields or screens made of electrically conductive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
    • H01F41/12—Insulating of windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
    • H01F41/12—Insulating of windings
    • H01F41/127—Encapsulating or impregnating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/327—Encapsulating or impregnating
    • H01F2027/328—Dry-type transformer with encapsulated foil winding, e.g. windings coaxially arranged on core legs with spacers for cooling and with three phases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F2027/329—Insulation with semiconducting layer, e.g. to reduce corona effect

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the coating of an insulating body of a dry-type transformer.
  • Dry transformers in particular cast-resin transformers are power transformers, which are used in power engineering for the transformation of voltages up to approximately 36 kV on the high-voltage side.
  • a low-voltage winding and a high-voltage winding are arranged coaxially around a leg of a core.
  • Undervoltage winding is the one winding with the lower voltage, called high-voltage winding that with the higher voltage. Both windings are embedded in a solid insulating material, in the case of the high-voltage winding often a casting resin is used for it.
  • a dry-type transformer is known from EP 1133779 B1.
  • a coating is provided which is preferably made of egg ⁇ nem semiconductive material. Special demands are made on the chemical and / or physical properties of these semi-conductive coating, in particular as defined in addition to a sheet resistance loading applies thermal, mechanical and chemi cal ⁇ stability.
  • microscale filler such as with conductive carbon black, conducting graphite and / or be ⁇ coated mica particles.
  • the particle size of the fillers lies usually in the range less Mikrome ⁇ ter upwards, so high amounts of filler content are necessary.
  • Due to the high degree of filling of microscale filler particles the coating becomes considerably more expensive and also more difficult to process, because the flowability of formulations filled to the limit with microsized filler particles is worse than that of the less highly filled formulations.
  • the application properties also deteriorate at high fill levels due to increasing embrittlement of the coating.
  • a suitable formulation for a coating of the insulating body of a dry-type transformer which satisfies such a property profile, but a reumbled content of microscale ⁇ filler, preferably contains no microscale filler to provide. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an electrical winding for a dry-type transformer in a compact design and a method for producing a coating for an insulating body of such an electrical winding of a dry-type transformer in a compact design, wherein at least on a surface of the insulating body, the coating is provided the sheet resistance in the range of 10 2 to 10 5 ohms / square and is a high thermal Bestän ⁇ speed, high mechanical strength and resistance against environmental influences such as moisture and sunlight.
  • an electrical winding in particular Oberspan- voltage winding for a dry transformer with winding conductor wound in a plurality of turns to form a coil, the coil being Wegbet ⁇ tet in a solid insulating body, wherein at least one surface of the Iso ⁇ lier emotionss a Coating having a specific Schichtwi- resistance, which comprises a resin component and at least one nanoscale and electrically conductive filler, wherein electrically conductive filler in a particle size which is smaller than 500 nm in at least one dimension is present.
  • the winding conductor can be a foil conductor, a ribbon conductor or a wire conductor.
  • the coil is embedded in an insulating body made of a solid insulating material. Frequently, this fig ⁇ a casting resin is used, with which the coil is cast around it and which is cured after the casting. As a result, we obtain a mechanically stable winding in the form of a hollow cylinder whose coil is ge ⁇ provides good protection against environmental influences.
  • the invention on at least one surface of the insulating Oberflä ⁇ a coating of a Harzmi- research with a nanoscale filler content below 20% by weight and / or deposited below 10 vol%.
  • the object is also achieved by a method for producing an electrical winding with the method steps:
  • Curing the insulating body Setting a predetermined sheet resistance in egg ⁇ ner formulation to prepare a coating by incorporating at least one nanoscale Gustofffrakti- on electrically conductive filler in an un- cured resin,
  • the filler is in the form of at least one nanoscale filler ⁇ fraction prior to its filler content below 20% by weight and / or makes up less than 10% by volume of the coating.
  • at least two Grestoffpumblefrak- ions are present in the coating.
  • the defined sheet resistance can also be determined by the ratio of two nanoscale filler fractions present in the coating.
  • a nanoscale filler fraction is present in combination with a microscale filler fraction.
  • the coating can be produced by applying a formulation.
  • a formulation In this case, a processable, that is preferably flowable mixture of an uncured resin component with a hardener, either as two separate components or in one component present, mixed with filler and applied in solution to a surface. Subsequently, this formulation becomes on the surface, for example cured by thermal and / or UV-initiated reaction, for ferti ⁇ gene coating.
  • the resin matrix is present as a 2-component system of resin and hardener.
  • a water-soluble two-component system is advantageous because it prevents the formation of the coating organic solvents, which are generally considered environmentally hazardous.
  • hardener and / or resin components can be processed in aqueous solution.
  • a material is considered to be electrically conductive if the electrical resistance is less than 10 8 ⁇ / D.
  • a material is considered to be insulator or non-conductive.
  • the coating should be at least ⁇ ⁇ be placed on the inner circumferential surface of the insulator, and preferably also on the end faces. Particularly preferably, the coating on the entire surface-surface of the insulating applied, so in addition to the réelleman ⁇ tel
  • the electric field of the electrical winding is largely degraded in the casting resin and is thus reduced outside the winding to a size that allows the distance to other components of the transformer, such as core or undervoltage winding, to be reduced thereby, which allows a more compact design.
  • the coating is preferably made of a semiconducting material.
  • Semiconducting material is considered in the art and within the meaning of the invention if its specific resistance is less than 10 8 ⁇ / D and greater than 10 1 ⁇ / D.
  • an electrically conductive coating in particular one of the ge ⁇ entire surface of a winding is a short-circuit winding, a current will flow in this, which generates a power loss. With a coating of a semi-conductive material, this power loss can be limited.
  • Suitable conductive or semiconductive coatings are based on a resin system in which a nanoscale semiconducting filler is incorporated, advantageously in a quantity of less than 20% by weight and / or less than 10% by volume.
  • a two-component resin system having a first component selected from the group of the following resins: epoxy, polyurethane, acrylate, polyimide and / or polyester resin system, and any mixtures, copolymers and blends of aforementioned resins is suitable.
  • a second component for example, a hardener, such as amine, acid anhydride, peroxide, polyisocyanate, in particular aliphatic polyisocyanate, which has been tailored to the particular resin, is added to the formulation.
  • be ⁇ vorzugt is a water-soluble hardener component because of the environmental impact because it afterburning of Lö ⁇ sungsffens omitted and generally the use of organic solvents in terms of sustainability is ecologically nachtei ⁇ lig.
  • the formulation has a certain processing time in which it is applied as an uncrosslinked formulation for coating on at least one surface of the insulating body. The application is made for example by spraying, spraying, brushing, rolling and / or by immersion. After curing, the formulation networked and the stability achieved ge ⁇ genüber environmental factors, solar radiation, mechanical stress etc. The networking is supported for example by heating.
  • the coating has a stability at temperatures up to 170 ° C.
  • a nanoscale filler is added to the formulation. This is in the formulation in an amount of less than 20wt%, preferably less than 15 wt% and in particular before ⁇ Trains t of less than 10 wt% of the dry mass of the formulation or in the corresponding volume percentage below 10 vol ⁇ 6 before.
  • a nanoscale filler ⁇ substance which has at least a length of less than 500 nm, in particular less than 200 nm and particularly preferably less than lOOnm in one dimension is suitable.
  • the filler can include all types of filler particle shapes. For example, globules may be mixed with platelet-shaped fillers. For very light filler particles, present in combination or alone in the formulation, the limit of less than 20% by weight will be the equivalent volume percent, eg about 10 volumes! assumed as the upper limit.
  • the filler particles are preferably of semiconducting Ma ⁇ TERIAL.
  • the material may be graphite, metal oxide, and / or metal nitride, as well as any mixtures thereof.
  • semiconducting nanoparticles such as Carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers and / or graphene in question.
  • multi-wall carbon nanotubes have proved before ⁇ geous.
  • the degree of filling of semiconducting filler particles in the resin in the setting of an electrical resistance in the range of 10 3 ⁇ / D to 10 4 ⁇ / D can be reduced to amounts below 10% by weight.
  • the filler particles can also be hollow, in particular hollow fibers and / or hollow spheres can also be used in the sense of the invention alone or in combination with other filler particle fractions.
  • Semiconducting hollow spheres, hollow fibers or shells can also be used as filler particles. The upper limit of these very light filler particles is then about 10% by volume filling level in the coating.
  • the nanoparticulate fillers can be used in a multimodal combination, ie in different filler particle sizes and / or filler particle forms.
  • the thickness of the coating is, for example, in the range from 1 to 5 mm, preferably in the range from 30 to 500, in particular in the range from 70 to 130.
  • the proportion of nanoscale filler in the coating is in the range below 20% by weight, but this nanoscale filler may have a particle size of less than 500 nm in at least one dimension, for example, with microsized filler of a size of at least lym supplemented.
  • the content of microscale filler in the filler mixture is arbitrary, wherein preferably small amounts of microsized filler are combined with nanoscale filler. For example, less than 50% by weight or equivalent volume percent in the case of light and microscale filler particles such as hollow particles in the nanoscale filler formulation are combined.
  • the coating has a sheet resistivity, also called sheet resistance, of 10 2 ⁇ / D to 10 5 ⁇ / D, preferably 10 3 Q / D to 10 4 ⁇ / D, on.
  • This FLAE ⁇ chenwiderstand has the electrical winding when new. Aging, environmental influences or pollution can change this.
  • a sheet resistance of this size is limited on the one hand, the power dissipation particularly ef fectively ⁇ , but still provides the other hand, enough room for a reduction in sheet resistance due to contamination.
  • the coating is applied by brushing and / or a spraying process.
  • the application by spraying ensures on the one hand a uniform layer thickness and on the other hand prevents air pockets, which would lead to partial discharges.
  • the coating is electrically grounded. As a result, the electric field outside the winding is particularly effectively reduced.
  • the coating can be applied to the entire surface or only to parts of the surface of the insulating body, as already described.
  • the insulating body is, for example, made of an epoxy resin, wherein a certain surface roughness of the insulating body on the sides to be coated is advantageous for the adhesion of the coating to the surface.
  • the formulation can be added to ionic Ba sis a dispersing additive such as a surfactant and / or an additive.
  • the coating is a paint.
  • the coating can be carried out as dip coating, by spraying, brushing, rolling and / or.
  • the surface of the insulator before application of the research is treated formulation, so that a good adhesion of the Formulie ⁇ tion and then the coating on the insulating body are ensured.
  • the coating is of a semiconducting material.
  • the coating is applied in a spray process, whereby a particularly uniform layer thickness can be achieved.
  • FIG. 1 shows a graph showing the aging of a semi-conductive coating according to the present invention within 150 days at 170.degree. After a Ver ⁇ fixing the coating within the first days to recognize a stable maintenance of the defined Schichtwider- Stands despite the storage at 170 ° C during the entire Be ⁇ observation period of at least half a year.
  • a formulation is provided with nano- skaligem filler for a paint coating of a dry transformer in a compact design, wherein the combination of environmentally acceptable coating technology by water-based hardener components and which nevertheless reached Robust ⁇ integrated in mechanical and thermal point of view, as in Figure 1 is , the technical innovation of the Formu ⁇ lation shown here, especially when used for dry transformers proven.
  • the invention relates to an electrical winding for a dry-type transformer, which makes it possible to build a compact dry-type transformer even at higher voltage classes.
  • the electrical winding has a plurality of windings of a winding conductor wound into a coil.
  • the coil is embedded in a solid insulating body. Erfindungsge ⁇ Gurss is provided that on at least one surface of the Insulating a coating of an electroconducting ⁇ ELIGIBLE material, a resin matrix comprising at least 0.05% by weight, comprising, deposited on nanosize filler.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Description

Beschreibung description

Kompakter Trockentransformator mit einer elektrischen Wicklung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Wick- lung Compact dry-type transformer with an electric winding and method for producing an electrical winding

Die Erfindung betrifft die Beschichtung eines Isolierkörpers eines Trockentransformators. Trockentransformatoren, insbesondere Gießharztransformatoren sind Leistungstransformatoren, die in der Energietechnik zur Transformation von Spannungen bis circa 36 kV auf der Oberspannungsseite eingesetzt werden. Bei solchen Transformatoren sind eine Unterspannungswicklung und eine Oberspannungswick- lung koaxial um einen Schenkel eines Kerns angeordnet. AlsThe invention relates to the coating of an insulating body of a dry-type transformer. Dry transformers, in particular cast-resin transformers are power transformers, which are used in power engineering for the transformation of voltages up to approximately 36 kV on the high-voltage side. In such transformers, a low-voltage winding and a high-voltage winding are arranged coaxially around a leg of a core. When

Unterspannungswicklung wird dabei diejenige Wicklung mit der niedrigeren Spannung, als Oberspannungswicklung diejenige mit der höheren Spannung bezeichnet. Beide Wicklungen sind in ein festes Isoliermaterial eingebettet, im Fall der Oberspan- nungswicklung wird häufig ein Gießharz dafür verwendet. Solch ein Trockentransformator ist aus der EP 1133779 Bl bekannt. Undervoltage winding is the one winding with the lower voltage, called high-voltage winding that with the higher voltage. Both windings are embedded in a solid insulating material, in the case of the high-voltage winding often a casting resin is used for it. Such a dry-type transformer is known from EP 1133779 B1.

Aus der noch nicht veröffentlichten EP 15185886 AI (= internes Aktenzeichen 201519004) ist eine Weiterentwicklung des oben beschriebenen Trockentransformators, insbesondere auch für höhere Spannungen als 36 kV, bekannt. Darin wird eine kompaktere Bauweise des Trockentransformators offenbart, die sich unter anderem dadurch auszeichnet, dass der Trockentransformator kleinere Abmessungen hat, also kompakter gebaut ist und in diesem Zuge auch Luft als Isolator durch ein geeignetes Gießharz als festem Isolierkörper ersetzt wird. From the not yet published EP 15185886 AI (= internal Aktenzeichen 201519004) is a further development of the dry-type transformer described above, especially for higher voltages than 36 kV, known. Therein, a more compact design of the dry-type transformer is disclosed, which is characterized, inter alia, by the fact that the dry-type transformer has smaller dimensions, in other words has a more compact design and air is also replaced as an insulator by a suitable casting resin as a solid insulating body.

Auf der Oberfläche des festen Isolierkörpers, in den eine elektrische Wicklung, also insbesondere eine zur Spule gewi- ekelte Ober- und/oder Unterspannungswicklung, eingebettet ist, ist eine Beschichtung vorgesehen, die bevorzugt aus ei¬ nem halbleitenden Material ist. An die chemischen und/oder physikalischen Eigenschaften dieser halbleitenden Beschichtung werden besondere Ansprüche gestellt, insbesondere was thermische, mechanische und chemi¬ sche Stabilität neben einem definierten Schichtwiderstand be- trifft. On the surface of the solid insulating body, in which an electrical winding, ie in particular to the coil a disgusted stripwound upper and / or lower voltage winding is embedded, a coating is provided which is preferably made of egg ¬ nem semiconductive material. Special demands are made on the chemical and / or physical properties of these semi-conductive coating, in particular as defined in addition to a sheet resistance loading applies thermal, mechanical and chemi cal ¬ stability.

Aktuell werden Lacke mit mikroskaligen FüllstoffPartikeln, wie beispielsweise mit Leitruß, Leitgraphit und/oder be¬ schichteten Glimmerpartikel eingesetzt. In der Regel sind es hochgefüllte Systeme mit Füllgraden mit weit über 10 Vol% bzw. 20Gew% und insbesondere über 30Gew%. Die Partikelgröße der Füllstoffe liegt dabei üblich im Bereich weniger Mikrome¬ ter aufwärts, weshalb hohe Mengen an Füllgehalt notwendig sind. Durch die hohen Füllgrade an mikroskaligen Füllstoff- partikeln verteuert sich die Beschichtung erheblich und wird auch schwieriger zu verarbeiten, weil die Fließfähigkeit der mit mikroskaligen Füllstoffpartikeln hochgefüllten Formulierungen schlechter ist als die der weniger hoch gefüllten. Auch die Anwendungseigenschaften verschlechtern sich bei ho- hen Füllgraden durch eine zunehmende Versprödung der Beschichtung . Currently coatings with microscale filler, such as with conductive carbon black, conducting graphite and / or be ¬ coated mica particles are used. As a rule, it is highly filled systems with fill levels well above 10% by volume or 20% by weight and in particular above 30% by weight. The particle size of the fillers lies usually in the range less Mikrome ¬ ter upwards, so high amounts of filler content are necessary. Due to the high degree of filling of microscale filler particles, the coating becomes considerably more expensive and also more difficult to process, because the flowability of formulations filled to the limit with microsized filler particles is worse than that of the less highly filled formulations. The application properties also deteriorate at high fill levels due to increasing embrittlement of the coating.

Es besteht der Bedarf, eine geeignete Formulierung für eine Beschichtung des Isolierkörpers eines Trockentransformators, die ein derartiges Eigenschaftsprofil erfüllt, aber einen re¬ duzierten Gehalt an mikroskaligen Füllstoff, vorzugsweise keinen mikroskaligen Füllstoff, enthält, zur Verfügung zu stellen . Daher ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine elektrische Wicklung für einen Trockentransformator in kompakter Bauweise sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Beschichtung für einen Isolierkörper einer solchen elektrischen Wicklung eines Trockentransformators in Kompaktbauweise anzugeben, wobei zumin- dest auf einer Oberfläche des Isolierkörpers die Beschichtung vorgesehen ist, deren Schichtwiderstand im Bereich von 102 bis 105 Ohm/Square liegt und die eine hohe thermische Bestän¬ digkeit, eine hohe mechanische Robustheit und Beständigkeit gegen Umwelteinflüsse wie Feuchtigkeit und Sonneneinstrahlung zeigt . There is a need, a suitable formulation for a coating of the insulating body of a dry-type transformer, which satisfies such a property profile, but a re duced content of microscale ¬ filler, preferably contains no microscale filler to provide. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an electrical winding for a dry-type transformer in a compact design and a method for producing a coating for an insulating body of such an electrical winding of a dry-type transformer in a compact design, wherein at least on a surface of the insulating body, the coating is provided the sheet resistance in the range of 10 2 to 10 5 ohms / square and is a high thermal Bestän ¬ speed, high mechanical strength and resistance against environmental influences such as moisture and sunlight.

Dazu ist eine elektrische Wicklung, insbesondere Oberspan- nungswicklung, für einen Trockentransformator mit Wicklungsleiter, der in mehreren Windungen zu einer Spule gewickelt ist, wobei die Spule in einen festen Isolierkörper eingebet¬ tet ist, vorgesehen, wobei zumindest eine Oberfläche des Iso¬ lierkörpers eine Beschichtung mit einem bestimmten Schichtwi- derstand hat, die eine Harzkomponente sowie zumindest einen nanoskaligen und elektrisch leitfähigen Füllstoff umfasst, wobei elektrisch leitfähiger Füllstoff in einer Partikelgröße, die in zumindest einer Dimension kleiner 500nm ist, vorliegt . For this purpose, an electrical winding, in particular Oberspan- voltage winding for a dry transformer with winding conductor wound in a plurality of turns to form a coil, the coil being eingebet ¬ tet in a solid insulating body, is provided, wherein at least one surface of the Iso ¬ lierkörpers a Coating having a specific Schichtwi- resistance, which comprises a resin component and at least one nanoscale and electrically conductive filler, wherein electrically conductive filler in a particle size which is smaller than 500 nm in at least one dimension is present.

Der Wicklungsleiter kann dabei ein Folienleiter, ein Bandleiter oder ein Drahtleiter sein. Die Spule ist in einen Isolierkörper aus einem festen Isoliermaterial eingebettet. Häu¬ fig wird hierfür ein Gießharz verwendet, mit dem die Spule umgössen wird und das nach dem Verguss ausgehärtet wird. Im Ergebnis erhält man eine mechanisch stabile Wicklung in Form eines Hohlzylinders, deren Spule gut vor Umwelteinflüssen ge¬ schützt ist. Erfindungsgemäß ist auf zumindest einer Oberflä¬ che des Isolierkörpers eine Beschichtung aus einer Harzmi- schung mit einem nanoskaligen Füllstoffgehalt unter 20 Gew% und/oder unter 10 Vol% aufgebracht. The winding conductor can be a foil conductor, a ribbon conductor or a wire conductor. The coil is embedded in an insulating body made of a solid insulating material. Frequently, this fig ¬ a casting resin is used, with which the coil is cast around it and which is cured after the casting. As a result, we obtain a mechanically stable winding in the form of a hollow cylinder whose coil is ge ¬ provides good protection against environmental influences. According to the invention on at least one surface of the insulating Oberflä ¬ a coating of a Harzmi- research with a nanoscale filler content below 20% by weight and / or deposited below 10 vol%.

Die Aufgabe wird auch durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Wicklung mit den Verfahrensschritten: The object is also achieved by a method for producing an electrical winding with the method steps:

Wickeln eines Wicklungsleiters in mehreren Windungen zu einer Spule, Winding a winding conductor in several turns to a coil,

Einbetten der Spule in einen festen Isolierkörper, bevor- zugt durch Umgießen mit einem Gießharz und anschließendemEmbedding the coil in a solid insulating body, preferably by casting with a casting resin and then

Aushärten des Isolierkörpers, Einstellung eines vorbestimmten Schichtwiderstands in ei¬ ner Formulierung zur Herstellung einer Beschichtung durch Einarbeitung zumindest einer nanoskaligen Füllstofffrakti- on elektrisch leitfähiger Füllstoffpartikel in ein unge- härtetes Harz, Curing the insulating body, Setting a predetermined sheet resistance in egg ¬ ner formulation to prepare a coating by incorporating at least one nanoscale Füllstofffrakti- on electrically conductive filler in an un- cured resin,

Aufbringen der Formulierung zur Erzeugung der Beschichtung auf zumindest einer Oberfläche des Isolierkörpers. Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung liegt der Füllstoff in Form zumindest einer nanoskaligen Füllstoff¬ fraktion vor deren Füllstoffgehalt unter 20 Gew% und/oder unter 10 Vol% der Beschichtung ausmacht. Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung liegen in der Beschichtung zumindest zwei Füllstoffpartikelfrak- tionen vor. Applying the formulation for producing the coating on at least one surface of the insulating body. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the filler is in the form of at least one nanoscale filler ¬ fraction prior to its filler content below 20% by weight and / or makes up less than 10% by volume of the coating. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least two Füllstoffpartikelfrak- ions are present in the coating.

Dabei ist es insbesondere vorteilhaft, dass ein definierter Schichtwiderstand durch die Menge und/oder das Material, in dem die zumindest eine nanoskalige Füllstofffraktion in der Beschichtung vorliegt, bestimmbar ist. It is particularly advantageous that a defined sheet resistance by the amount and / or the material in which the at least one nanoscale Füllstofffraktion is present in the coating, can be determined.

Andererseits kann der definierte Schichtwiderstand auch durch das Verhältnis zweier nanoskaliger Füllstofffraktionen, die in der Beschichtung vorliegen, bestimmbar sein. On the other hand, the defined sheet resistance can also be determined by the ratio of two nanoscale filler fractions present in the coating.

Nach einer anderen Ausführungsform liegt eine nanoskaliger Füllstofffraktion in Kombination mit einer mikroskaligen Füllstofffraktion vor. In another embodiment, a nanoscale filler fraction is present in combination with a microscale filler fraction.

Die Beschichtung ist durch Aufbringen einer Formulierung herstellbar. Dabei wird eine verarbeitbare, also bevorzugt fließfähige Mischung aus einer ungehärteten Harzkomponente mit einem Härter, entweder als zwei getrennte Komponenten oder in einer Komponente vorliegend, mit Füllstoff versetzt und in Lösung auf eine Oberfläche aufgebracht. Anschließend wird diese Formulierung auf der Oberfläche, beispielsweise durch thermische und/oder UV-initiierte Reaktion, zur ferti¬ gen Beschichtung ausgehärtet. The coating can be produced by applying a formulation. In this case, a processable, that is preferably flowable mixture of an uncured resin component with a hardener, either as two separate components or in one component present, mixed with filler and applied in solution to a surface. Subsequently, this formulation becomes on the surface, for example cured by thermal and / or UV-initiated reaction, for ferti ¬ gene coating.

Nach einer Ausführungsform liegt die Harzmatrix als 2-Kompo- nentensystem aus Harz und Härter vor. Dabei ist insbesondere ein wasserlösliches 2-Komponentensystem vorteilhaft, weil da¬ mit bei der Herstellung der Beschichtung organische Lösungsmittel, die generell als umweltgefährdend angesehen werden, vermieden werden. Dabei können Härter- und/oder Harzkomponen- te in wässriger Lösung verarbeitet werden. According to one embodiment, the resin matrix is present as a 2-component system of resin and hardener. In particular, a water-soluble two-component system is advantageous because it prevents the formation of the coating organic solvents, which are generally considered environmentally hazardous. In this case, hardener and / or resin components can be processed in aqueous solution.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es deshalb, wenn ein ein- oder zweikomponentiges Harzsystem eingesetzt wird, das umweltver¬ träglich, insbesondere durch den Einsatz wasserbasierter Lö- sungsmittel, ist. Beispielsweise können durch den Einsatz ei¬ nes wässrigen Polyurethan-Acrylatharzsystems weiterreichende ökologische Aspekte realisiert werden, wie der Verzicht auf Recycling oder Nachverbrennung des Lösungsmittels. Dabei kommt auch eine Erleichterung beim Arbeitsschutz für den Ope- rator und/oder den Hersteller, wie beispielsweise einen Lackierer, zum Tragen. It is particularly advantageous therefore if a single or two-component resin system is used which is umweltver ¬ träglich, particularly through the use of water-based solvents solu-. For example, far-reaching environmental aspects can be realized by the use of egg ¬ nes aqueous polyurethane Acrylatharzsystems as the absence of recycling, or post-combustion of the solvent. At the same time, a facilitation of occupational safety for the operator and / or the manufacturer, such as, for example, a painter, also comes into play.

Deshalb reichen nach dieser vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung zur Herstellung der Formulierung, die zur Erzeugung der Beschichtung auf zumindest einer Oberfläche des Isolierkörpers aufgebracht wird, wasserbasierte Lösungsmittel aus. Therefore, according to this advantageous embodiment of the invention for producing the formulation, which is applied to produce the coating on at least one surface of the insulating body, water-based solvents.

In Fachkreisen und im Sinne der Erfindung wird ein Material als elektrisch leitfähig angesehen, wenn der elektrische Wi- derstand kleiner 108 Ω/D ist. Darüber gilt ein Material als Isolator oder als nicht leitend. Die Beschichtung sollte zu¬ mindest auf der Innenmantelfläche des Isolierkörpers aufge¬ bracht sein, vorzugsweise auch auf den Stirnflächen. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Beschichtung auf der gesamten Oberflä- che des Isolierkörpers aufgebracht, also neben der Innenman¬ telfläche und den Stirnflächen auch auf der Außenmantelflä¬ che. Durch eine solche Beschichtung wird das elektrische Feld der elektrischen Wicklung weitgehend im Gießharz abgebaut und wird so außerhalb der Wicklung auf eine Größe reduziert, die es erlaubt, dass der Abstand zu anderen Bestandteilen des Transformators wie Kern oder Unterspannungswicklung dadurch geringer ausfallen kann, was eine kompaktere Bauweise ermög- licht. In professional circles and within the meaning of the invention, a material is considered to be electrically conductive if the electrical resistance is less than 10 8 Ω / D. Above this, a material is considered to be insulator or non-conductive. The coating should be at least ¬ ¬ be placed on the inner circumferential surface of the insulator, and preferably also on the end faces. Particularly preferably, the coating on the entire surface-surface of the insulating applied, so in addition to the Innenman ¬ telfläche and the faces on the Außenmantelflä ¬ che. By such a coating, the electric field of the electrical winding is largely degraded in the casting resin and is thus reduced outside the winding to a size that allows the distance to other components of the transformer, such as core or undervoltage winding, to be reduced thereby, which allows a more compact design.

Bevorzugt ist die Beschichtung aus einem halbleitenden Material. Als halbleitend wird ein Material in Fachkreisen und im Sinne der Erfindung angesehen, wenn sein spezifischer Wider- stand kleiner als 108 Ω/D und größer als 101 Ω/D ist. Da eine elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung, insbesondere eine der ge¬ samten Oberfläche, einer Wicklung eine Kurzschlusswicklung darstellt, wird in dieser ein Strom fließen, der eine Verlustleistung erzeugt. Mit einer Beschichtung aus einem halb- leitenden Material kann diese Verlustleistung begrenzt werden . The coating is preferably made of a semiconducting material. Semiconducting material is considered in the art and within the meaning of the invention if its specific resistance is less than 10 8 Ω / D and greater than 10 1 Ω / D. As an electrically conductive coating, in particular one of the ge ¬ entire surface of a winding is a short-circuit winding, a current will flow in this, which generates a power loss. With a coating of a semi-conductive material, this power loss can be limited.

Geeignete leitende oder halbleitende Beschichtungen basieren auf einem Harzsystem, in das ein nanoskaliger halbleitender Füllstoff eingearbeitet ist, vorteilhafterweise in einer Men¬ ge von weniger als 20 Gew% und/oder weniger als 10 Vol%. Suitable conductive or semiconductive coatings are based on a resin system in which a nanoscale semiconducting filler is incorporated, advantageously in a quantity of less than 20% by weight and / or less than 10% by volume.

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass beispielsweise ein zwei-komponenti- ges Harzsystem mit einer ersten Komponente, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe folgender Harze: Epoxid-, Polyurethan-, Acrylat-, Polyimid- und/oder Polyesterharzsystem, sowie beliebiger Mischungen, Copolymere und Blends der vorgenannten Harze dafür geeignet ist. Als zweite Komponente wird beispielsweise ein auf das jeweilige Harz abgestimmter Härter wie Amin, Säurean- hydrid, Peroxid, Polyisocyanat , insbesondere aliphatisches Polyisocyanat , der Formulierung zugegeben. Insbesondere be¬ vorzugt ist eine wasserlösliche Härterkomponente wegen der Umweltverträglichkeit, weil dabei die Nachverbrennung des Lö¬ sungsmittels entfällt und generell der Einsatz organischer Lösungsmittel im Sinne der Nachhaltigkeit ökologisch nachtei¬ lig ist. Die Formulierung hat eine gewisse Verarbeitungszeit, in der sie als unvernetzte Formulierung zur Beschichtung auf zumindest eine Oberfläche des Isolierkörpers aufgetragen wird. Die Auftragung erfolgt beispielsweise durch Spritzen, Sprühen, Streichen, Rollen und/oder durch Eintauchen. Nach dem Aushärten vernetzt die Formulierung und erreicht die Stabilität ge¬ genüber Umwelteinflüssen, Sonneneinstrahlung, mechanischer Belastung etc. Die Vernetzung wird beispielsweise durch Erwärmung unterstützt. It has been found that, for example, a two-component resin system having a first component selected from the group of the following resins: epoxy, polyurethane, acrylate, polyimide and / or polyester resin system, and any mixtures, copolymers and blends of aforementioned resins is suitable. As a second component, for example, a hardener, such as amine, acid anhydride, peroxide, polyisocyanate, in particular aliphatic polyisocyanate, which has been tailored to the particular resin, is added to the formulation. In particular, be ¬ vorzugt is a water-soluble hardener component because of the environmental impact because it afterburning of Lö ¬ sungsmittels omitted and generally the use of organic solvents in terms of sustainability is ecologically nachtei ¬ lig. The formulation has a certain processing time in which it is applied as an uncrosslinked formulation for coating on at least one surface of the insulating body. The application is made for example by spraying, spraying, brushing, rolling and / or by immersion. After curing, the formulation networked and the stability achieved ge ¬ genüber environmental factors, solar radiation, mechanical stress etc. The networking is supported for example by heating.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung hat die Beschichtung eine Stabilität bei Temperaturen bis zu 170°C. Um eine definierte elektrische Leitfähigkeit zur erreichen, wird der Formulierung ein nanoskaliger Füllstoff zugesetzt. Dieser liegt in der Formulierung in einer Menge von unter 20Gew%, bevorzugt von unter 15 Gew% und insbesondere bevor¬ zugt von unter 10 Gew% der Trockenmasse der Formulierung oder in entsprechenden Volumenprozent unter 10 Vol~6 vor. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the coating has a stability at temperatures up to 170 ° C. In order to achieve a defined electrical conductivity, a nanoscale filler is added to the formulation. This is in the formulation in an amount of less than 20wt%, preferably less than 15 wt% and in particular before ¬ Trains t of less than 10 wt% of the dry mass of the formulation or in the corresponding volume percentage below 10 vol ~ 6 before.

Als Füllstoff eignet sich insbesondere ein nanoskaliger Füll¬ stoff, der zumindest in einer Dimension eine Länge kleiner 500nm, insbesondere kleiner 200nm und besonders bevorzugt kleiner lOOnm hat. As the filler, in particular a nanoscale filler ¬ substance which has at least a length of less than 500 nm, in particular less than 200 nm and particularly preferably less than lOOnm in one dimension is suitable.

Der Füllstoff kann alle Arten von Füllstoffpartikelformen umfassen. Beispielsweise können globulare mit plättchenförmigen Füllstoffen gemischt vorliegen. Bei sehr leichten Füllstoff- partikeln, die in Kombination oder allein in der Formulierung vorliegen, wird die Grenze von weniger als 20 Gew% durch die entsprechenden Volumenprozent, also beispielsweise ungefähr 10 Volumen! als Obergrenze angenommen. Die Füllstoffpartikel sind vorzugsweise aus halbleitendem Ma¬ terial. Beispielsweise kann das Material Graphit, Metalloxid, und/oder Metallnitrid sein sowie beliebige Mischungen davon. Insbesondere kommen auch halbleitende Nanopartikel wie Carbonnanotubes , Carbonfasern und/oder Graphene in Frage. Insbesondere multiwall-Carbonnanotubes haben sich als vor¬ teilhaft erwiesen. Durch den Einsatz der Nanopartikel ist es möglich, dass der Füllgrad an halbleitenden FüllstoffPartikeln im Harz bei der Einstellung eines elektrischen Widerstands im Bereich von 103 Ω/D bis 104 Ω/D auf Mengen unter 10 Gew% reduzierbar ist. Die Füllstoffpartikel können auch hohl sein, insbesondere sind Hohlfasern und/oder Hohlkugeln auch im Sinne der Erfindung allein oder in Kombination mit anderen Füllstoffpartikelfraktionen einsetzbar. Als halbleitende Beschichtungen werden sowohl Metalle, Me¬ talloxide als auch dotierte Metalloxide vorteilhafterweise eingesetzt. Auch halbleitende Hohlkugeln, Hohlfasern oder Schalen können als Füllstoffpartikel eingesetzt werden. Die Obergrenze bei diesen sehr leichten FüllstoffPartikeln liegt dann bei ungefähr 10 Volumenprozent Füllgrad in der Beschich- tung . The filler can include all types of filler particle shapes. For example, globules may be mixed with platelet-shaped fillers. For very light filler particles, present in combination or alone in the formulation, the limit of less than 20% by weight will be the equivalent volume percent, eg about 10 volumes! assumed as the upper limit. The filler particles are preferably of semiconducting Ma ¬ TERIAL. For example, the material may be graphite, metal oxide, and / or metal nitride, as well as any mixtures thereof. In particular, semiconducting nanoparticles such as Carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers and / or graphene in question. In particular, multi-wall carbon nanotubes have proved before ¬ geous. By using the nanoparticles, it is possible that the degree of filling of semiconducting filler particles in the resin in the setting of an electrical resistance in the range of 10 3 Ω / D to 10 4 Ω / D can be reduced to amounts below 10% by weight. The filler particles can also be hollow, in particular hollow fibers and / or hollow spheres can also be used in the sense of the invention alone or in combination with other filler particle fractions. As a semi-conductive coatings both metals, Me ¬-metal oxides and doped metal oxides are advantageously used. Semiconducting hollow spheres, hollow fibers or shells can also be used as filler particles. The upper limit of these very light filler particles is then about 10% by volume filling level in the coating.

Die nanopartikulären Füllstoffe können multimodal kombiniert eingesetzt werden, das heißt in verschiedenen Füllstoffpar- tikelgrößen und/oder Füllstoffpartikelformen . The nanoparticulate fillers can be used in a multimodal combination, ie in different filler particle sizes and / or filler particle forms.

Die Dicke der Beschichtung liegt beispielsweise im Bereich von lym bis 5mm, bevorzugt im Bereich von 30ym bis 500ym, insbesondere im Bereich von 70ym bis 130ym. The thickness of the coating is, for example, in the range from 1 to 5 mm, preferably in the range from 30 to 500, in particular in the range from 70 to 130.

Durch eine geeignete Wahl an Material der Füllstoffpartikel , Füllstoffpartikelgröße, Füllstoffpartikelform, Füllstoff¬ partikelstruktur, Korngrößenverteilung, Größe der spezifischen Oberfläche und/oder Oberflächenaktivität des Füllstoffs wird in der Beschichtung ein weitgefächertes Eigenschaftspro¬ fil erzeugt . Erfindungsgemäß liegt der Anteil an nanoskaligem Füllstoff in der Beschichtung im Bereich unter 20 Gew%, jedoch kann dieser nanoskalige Füllstoff einer Partikelgröße von kleiner 500nm in zumindest einer Dimension beispielsweise auch mit mikroskaligem Füllstoff einer Größe von zumindest lym ergänzt werden. Dabei ist der Gehalt an mikroskaligem Füllstoff im Füllstoffgemisch beliebig, wobei bevorzugt klei- ne Mengen an mikroskaligem Füllstoff mit nanoskaligem Füllstoff kombiniert werden. Beispielsweise werden weniger als 50 Gew% oder einen entsprechenden Volumenprozentsatz im Falle leichter und mikroskaliger Füllstoffpartikel wie Hohlpartikel in der Formulierung mit nanoskaligem Füllstoff kombiniert. By a suitable choice of material of the filler, Füllstoffpartikelgröße, Füllstoffpartikelform, ¬ filler particle structure, particle size distribution, size, specific surface area and / or surface activity of the filler a wide range Eigenschaftspro ¬ fil is produced in the coating. According to the invention, the proportion of nanoscale filler in the coating is in the range below 20% by weight, but this nanoscale filler may have a particle size of less than 500 nm in at least one dimension, for example, with microsized filler of a size of at least lym supplemented. In this case, the content of microscale filler in the filler mixture is arbitrary, wherein preferably small amounts of microsized filler are combined with nanoscale filler. For example, less than 50% by weight or equivalent volume percent in the case of light and microscale filler particles such as hollow particles in the nanoscale filler formulation are combined.

Vorzugsweise weist die Beschichtung einen spezifischen Flächenwiderstand, auch Schichtwiderstand genannt, von 102 Ω/D bis 105 Ω/D, bevorzugt 103Q/D bis 104 Ω/D, auf. Diesen Flä¬ chenwiderstand weist die elektrische Wicklung im Neuzustand auf. Durch Alterung, Umwelteinflüsse oder Verschmutzung kann sich dieser verändern. Ein Flächenwiderstand dieser Größenordnung begrenzt einerseits die Verlustleistung besonders ef¬ fektiv, bietet aber andererseits noch genügend Spielraum bei einer Reduktion des Flächenwiderstands durch Verschmutzung. Preferably, the coating has a sheet resistivity, also called sheet resistance, of 10 2 Ω / D to 10 5 Ω / D, preferably 10 3 Q / D to 10 4 Ω / D, on. This FLAE ¬ chenwiderstand has the electrical winding when new. Aging, environmental influences or pollution can change this. A sheet resistance of this size is limited on the one hand, the power dissipation particularly ef fectively ¬, but still provides the other hand, enough room for a reduction in sheet resistance due to contamination.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung ist die Beschichtung durch Bepinseln und/oder ein Sprühverfahren aufgebracht. Insbesondere die Aufbringung durch Sprühen gewährleistet einerseits eine gleichmäßige Schichtdicke und verhin- dert andererseits Lufteinschlüsse, die zu Teilentladungen führen würden. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the coating is applied by brushing and / or a spraying process. In particular, the application by spraying ensures on the one hand a uniform layer thickness and on the other hand prevents air pockets, which would lead to partial discharges.

Er wird als vorteilhaft angesehen, wenn die Beschichtung elektrisch geerdet ist. Hierdurch wird das elektrische Feld außerhalb der Wicklung besonders effektiv reduziert. It is considered advantageous if the coating is electrically grounded. As a result, the electric field outside the winding is particularly effectively reduced.

Die Beschichtung kann dabei auf die gesamte Oberfläche oder nur auf Teile der Oberfläche des Isolierkörpers, wie bereits beschrieben, aufgebracht werden. Der Isolierkörper ist bei- spielsweise aus einem Epoxidharz, wobei eine bestimmte Ober- flächenrauigkeit des Isolierkörpers auf den zu beschichtenden Seiten für die Haftung der Beschichtung auf der Oberfläche vorteilhaft ist. Damit eine homogene Verteilung der Füllstoffpartikel opti¬ miert ist, kann der Formulierung ein Dispergieradditiv, beispielsweise ein Tensid und/oder ein Additiv auf ionischer Ba- sis zugesetzt sein. The coating can be applied to the entire surface or only to parts of the surface of the insulating body, as already described. The insulating body is, for example, made of an epoxy resin, wherein a certain surface roughness of the insulating body on the sides to be coated is advantageous for the adhesion of the coating to the surface. Thus a homogeneous distribution of the filler is opti mized ¬, the formulation can be added to ionic Ba sis a dispersing additive such as a surfactant and / or an additive.

Durch ein solches Verfahren ist eine elektrische Wicklung herstellbar, deren elektrisches Feld durch die Beschichtung weitgehend abgeschirmt wird, und die in einem Trockentrans- formator eingesetzt dadurch eine kompaktere Bauweise ermög¬ licht. Vorzugsweise ist die Beschichtung ein Lack. Das Auf¬ bringen der Beschichtung kann dabei durch Spritzen, Sprühen, Streichen, Rollen und/oder als Tauchlackierung erfolgen. Dabei können mehrere der genannten Verfahren hintereinander oder gleichzeitig zur Aufbringung der Formulierung eingesetzt werden . By such a method an electric winding is produced, the electric field is largely shielded by the coating, and used in a dry-type formator thereby a more compact construction enabled ¬ light. Preferably, the coating is a paint. On the ¬ bring the coating can be carried out as dip coating, by spraying, brushing, rolling and / or. Several of the mentioned methods can be used one behind the other or simultaneously for applying the formulation.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird die Oberfläche des Isolierkörpers vor dem Aufbringen der For- mulierung behandelt, so dass eine gute Haftung der Formulie¬ rung und anschließend der Beschichtung auf dem Isolierkörper gewährleistet sind. According to an advantageous embodiment of the method, the surface of the insulator before application of the research is treated formulation, so that a good adhesion of the Formulie ¬ tion and then the coating on the insulating body are ensured.

Vorzugsweise ist die Beschichtung aus einem halbleitenden Ma- terial. Preferably, the coating is of a semiconducting material.

Besonders bevorzugt ist die Beschichtung in einem Sprühverfahren aufgebracht, wodurch sich eine besonders gleichmäßige Schichtdicke erreichen lässt. Particularly preferably, the coating is applied in a spray process, whereby a particularly uniform layer thickness can be achieved.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand einer Figur näher erläutert : In the following the invention is explained in more detail with reference to a figure:

Figur 1 zeigt eine Graphik in der die Alterung einer halblei- tenden Beschichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung innerhalb von 150 Tagen bei 170°C dargestellt ist. Nach einer Ver¬ festigung der Beschichtung innerhalb der ersten Tage erkennt man eine stabile Beibehaltung des definierten Schichtwider- Stands trotz der Lagerung bei 170°C während des gesamten Be¬ trachtungszeitraumes von immerhin einem halben Jahr. FIG. 1 shows a graph showing the aging of a semi-conductive coating according to the present invention within 150 days at 170.degree. After a Ver ¬ fixing the coating within the first days to recognize a stable maintenance of the defined Schichtwider- Stands despite the storage at 170 ° C during the entire Be ¬ observation period of at least half a year.

Im Folgenden wird die Herstellung einer beispielhaften Formu- lierung zur Herstellung einer Beschichtung nach einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung durch eine tabellarische Zusammenfas¬ sung näher erläutert: In the following the preparation of an exemplary formulated is illustrated by a tabular-regulation Zusammenfas ¬ solution for preparing a coating according to an embodiment of the invention:

Beispiel : Example:

In dem gezeigten Beispiel wird eine Formulierung mit nano- skaligem Füllstoff für eine Lackbeschichtung eines Trockentransformators in Kompaktbauweise angegeben, wobei die Kombi- nation von umweltverträglicher Lacktechnologie durch wasserbasierte Härterkomponenten und die trotzdem erreichte Robust¬ heit in mechanischer und thermischer Hinsicht, wie in Figur 1 belegt, die technische Innovation der hier gezeigten Formu¬ lierung, insbesondere beim Einsatz für Trockentransformato- ren, belegt. In the example shown, a formulation is provided with nano- skaligem filler for a paint coating of a dry transformer in a compact design, wherein the combination of environmentally acceptable coating technology by water-based hardener components and which nevertheless reached Robust ¬ integrated in mechanical and thermal point of view, as in Figure 1 is , the technical innovation of the Formu ¬ lation shown here, especially when used for dry transformers proven.

Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Wicklung für einen Trockentransformator, die es erlaubt auch bei höheren Spannungsklassen einen kompakten Trockentransformator zu bauen. Dazu weist die elektrische Wicklung mehrere zu einer Spule gewickelte Windungen eines Wicklungsleiters auf. Die Spule ist in einen festen Isolierkörper eingebettet. Erfindungsge¬ mäß ist vorgesehen, dass auf zumindest eine Oberfläche des Isolierkörpers eine Beschichtung aus einem elektrisch leitfä¬ higen Material, eine Harzmatrix mit zumindest 0,05 Gew% an nanoskaligem Füllstoff umfassend, aufgebracht ist. The invention relates to an electrical winding for a dry-type transformer, which makes it possible to build a compact dry-type transformer even at higher voltage classes. For this purpose, the electrical winding has a plurality of windings of a winding conductor wound into a coil. The coil is embedded in a solid insulating body. Erfindungsge ¬ Mäss is provided that on at least one surface of the Insulating a coating of an electroconducting ¬ ELIGIBLE material, a resin matrix comprising at least 0.05% by weight, comprising, deposited on nanosize filler.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1. Elektrische Wicklung für einen Trockentransformator mit Wicklungsleiter, insbesondere Oberspannungswicklung für Span- nungsbereiche bis zu 36 kV, der in mehreren Windungen zu ei¬ ner Spule gewickelt ist, wobei die Spule in einen festen Iso¬ lierkörper eingebettet ist, 1. Electrical winding for a dry-type transformer with winding conductor, in particular high-voltage winding for voltage ranges up to 36 kV, which is wound in several turns to egg ¬ ner coil, wherein the coil is embedded in a solid Iso ¬ lierkörper, dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized, dass auf zumindest einer Oberfläche des Isolierkörpers eine Beschichtung mit einem bestimmten Schichtwiderstand vorgese¬ hen ist, die Beschichtung durch Aufbringen einer Formulierung herstellbar ist und eine Harzkomponente sowie zumindest einen nanoskaligen und elektrisch leitfähigen Füllstoff umfasst, wobei der nanoskalige Füllstoff in einer Partikelgröße klei- ner 500nm vorliegt. that a coating with a certain sheet resistance is on at least one surface of the insulating vorgese ¬ hen, the coating is prepared by applying a formulation and at least a resin component, and a nanoscale and electrically conductive filler, wherein the nanoscale filler in a particle size small ner 500nm is present. 2. Elektrische Wicklung nach Anspruch 1, 2. Electrical winding according to claim 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized, dass nanoskaliger Füllstoff in einer Menge von unter 20 Gew% und/oder unter 10 Vol% in der Beschichtung vorliegt. that nanoscale filler is present in an amount of less than 20% by weight and / or less than 10% by volume in the coating. 3. Elektrische Wicklung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. Electrical winding according to claim 1 or 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized, dass die Beschichtung die Oberfläche des Isolierkörpers voll- ständig bedeckt. that the coating completely covers the surface of the insulating body. 4. Elektrische Wicklung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, 4. Electrical winding according to one of the preceding claims, dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized, dass die Beschichtung aus halbleitendem Material ist. the coating is of semiconducting material. 5. Elektrische Wicklung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, 5. Electrical winding according to one of the preceding claims, dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized, dass die Beschichtung zumindest bimodal gefüllt ist, also zu¬ mindest zwei Füllstoffpartikelfraktionen in der Beschichtung vorliegen . that the coating is filled at least bimodal, so at least two Füllstoffpartikelfraktionen ¬ present in the coating. 6. Elektrische Wicklung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, 6. Electrical winding according to one of the preceding claims, dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized, dass der Oberflächenwiderstand der Beschichtung 102 Ω/D bis 105 Ω/D, bevorzugt 103Q/D bis 104 Ω/D beträgt. the surface resistance of the coating is 10 2 Ω / D to 10 5 Ω / D, preferably 10 3 Q / D to 10 4 Ω / D. 7. Elektrische Wicklung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, 7. Electrical winding according to one of the preceding claims, dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized, dass die Formulierung zur Erzeugung der Beschichtung durch ein Sprühverfahren aufbringbar ist. in that the formulation for producing the coating can be applied by a spray method. 8. Elektrische Wicklung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, 8. Electrical winding according to one of the preceding claims, dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized, dass die Formulierung als Lösungsmittel Wasser enthält. that the formulation contains water as a solvent. 9. Elektrische Wicklung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, 9. Electrical winding according to one of the preceding claims, dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized, dass die Beschichtung geerdet ist. that the coating is grounded. 10. Elektrische Wicklung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, 10. Electrical winding according to one of the preceding claims, dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized, dass durch die Einstellung des Verhältnisses zumindest zweier Füllstoffpartikelfraktionen in der Formulierung der definierte Schichtwiderstand der Beschichtung einstellbar ist. in that the defined sheet resistance of the coating can be set by adjusting the ratio of at least two filler particle fractions in the formulation. 11. Elektrische Wicklung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, 11. Electrical winding according to one of the preceding claims, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that die Dicke der Beschichtung im Bereich von lym bis 5mm liegt. the thickness of the coating is in the range of lym to 5mm. 12. Verfahren zu Herstellung einer elektrischen Wicklung mit den Verfahrensschritten: 12. Method for producing an electrical winding with the method steps: Wickeln eines Wicklungsleiters in mehreren Windungen zu einer Spule, Einbetten der Spule in einen festen Isolierkörper, bevorzugt durch Umgießen mit einem Gießharz und anschließendem Aushärten des Isolierkörpers, Winding a winding conductor in several turns to a coil, Embedding the coil in a solid insulating body, preferably by casting with a casting resin and subsequent curing of the insulating body, Herstellen einer Formulierung zur Erzeugung einer Be- Schichtung mit einem vorbestimmten Schichtwiderstand, Producing a formulation for producing a coating with a predetermined sheet resistance, Aufbringen der Formulierung zur Erzeugung der Beschichtung auf zumindest einer Oberfläche des Isolierkörpers. Applying the formulation for producing the coating on at least one surface of the insulating body. 13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, 13. The method according to claim 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized, dass die Beschichtung auf die gesamte Oberfläche des Isolier¬ körpers aufgebracht wird. the coating is applied to the entire surface of the insulating body ¬ . 14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 12 oder 13, 14. The method according to any one of claims 12 or 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized, dass die Beschichtung aus einem halbleitenden Material ist. that the coating is of a semiconducting material. 15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, 15. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized, dass die Beschichtung durch Aufsprühen einer Formulierung und anschließender Härtung hergestellt wird. the coating is produced by spraying on a formulation and then curing. 16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, 16. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized, dass die Formulierung durch Lackieren, Spritzen, Streichen, Rollen und/oder als Tauchlackierung aufgebracht wird. that the formulation is applied by painting, spraying, brushing, rolling and / or as dip coating. 17. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 16, 17. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized, dass die Formulierung als wasserbasierte Lösung aufgebracht wird . that the formulation is applied as a water-based solution.
EP17705084.6A 2016-02-17 2017-02-09 Electric winding for a dry-type transformer and method of manufacturing an electric winding for a dry-type transformer Active EP3363030B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102016202385.3A DE102016202385A1 (en) 2016-02-17 2016-02-17 Compact dry-type transformer with an electrical winding and method for producing an electrical winding
PCT/EP2017/052908 WO2017140577A1 (en) 2016-02-17 2017-02-09 Compact dry-type transformer comprising an electrical winding, and method for manufacturing an electrical winding

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP3363030A1 true EP3363030A1 (en) 2018-08-22
EP3363030B1 EP3363030B1 (en) 2022-06-01

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EP (1) EP3363030B1 (en)
CN (1) CN109074944B (en)
BR (1) BR112018015666A8 (en)
DE (1) DE102016202385A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2925503T3 (en)
PL (1) PL3363030T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2728761C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2017140577A1 (en)

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DE102016202385A1 (en) 2016-02-17 2017-08-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Compact dry-type transformer with an electrical winding and method for producing an electrical winding
AT518664B1 (en) 2016-04-22 2017-12-15 Trench Austria Gmbh HVDC air choke coil and method of manufacture

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DE102016202385A1 (en) 2016-02-17 2017-08-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Compact dry-type transformer with an electrical winding and method for producing an electrical winding

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CN109074944A (en) 2018-12-21
RU2018129873A3 (en) 2020-03-17
DE102016202385A1 (en) 2017-08-17
RU2728761C2 (en) 2020-07-31
CN109074944B (en) 2021-09-03
ES2925503T3 (en) 2022-10-18
EP3363030B1 (en) 2022-06-01
PL3363030T3 (en) 2022-09-19
US20210210280A1 (en) 2021-07-08
WO2017140577A1 (en) 2017-08-24
BR112018015666A8 (en) 2023-04-25
US11532429B2 (en) 2022-12-20
RU2018129873A (en) 2020-03-17
BR112018015666A2 (en) 2018-12-18

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