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EP3359895A1 - Module de réfrigération et de liquéfaction consolidé dans une installation de traitement d'hydrocarbures - Google Patents

Module de réfrigération et de liquéfaction consolidé dans une installation de traitement d'hydrocarbures

Info

Publication number
EP3359895A1
EP3359895A1 EP16774756.7A EP16774756A EP3359895A1 EP 3359895 A1 EP3359895 A1 EP 3359895A1 EP 16774756 A EP16774756 A EP 16774756A EP 3359895 A1 EP3359895 A1 EP 3359895A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
array
liquefaction module
consolidated refrigeration
refrigeration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16774756.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sorin T. LUPASCU
Ashley R. GUY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co
Original Assignee
ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co filed Critical ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co
Publication of EP3359895A1 publication Critical patent/EP3359895A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0057—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream after expansion of the liquid refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0082—Methane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0085—Ethane; Ethylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0087—Propane; Propylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0259—Modularity and arrangement of parts of the liquefaction unit and in particular of the cold box, e.g. pre-fabrication, assembling and erection, dimensions, horizontal layout "plot"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/029—Mechanically coupling of different refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system to a common driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0294—Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/60—Natural gas or synthetic natural gas [SNG]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/04—Separating impurities in general from the product stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/42—Modularity, pre-fabrication of modules, assembling and erection, horizontal layout, i.e. plot plan, and vertical arrangement of parts of the cryogenic unit, e.g. of the cold box

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates generally to the field of hydrocarbon handling and processing plants. More specifically, the disclosure relates to the efficient construction and operation of hydrocarbon handling and processing plants, such as LNG processing plants.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an LNG producing facility 10 according to known principles.
  • Feed gas in a feed gas line 12 is pre-cooled in a first chiller 14 using a first refrigerant such as propane.
  • the feed gas is then cooled and liquefied in a main cryogenic heat exchanger 16 using a mixed refrigerant.
  • the liquefied natural gas is expanded in a hydraulic turbine 18 or similar expansion device and is stored in an LNG storage tank 20.
  • a boil-off gas compressor 22 compresses the liquefied natural gas prior to it being transported from the LNG storage tank 20.
  • the first refrigerant and the mixed refrigerant cycle through separate refrigerant loops.
  • the first refrigerant loop is compressed in one or more compressors 24a, 24b and further processed in (a) a desuperheater, which cools the hot vapor to a saturated vapor, (b) a condenser that condenses the saturated vapor to liquid form, and (c) cooled in a sub-cooler.
  • Functions (a)-(c) are represented in Figure 1 by cooler element 28.
  • the cooled and liquefied first refrigerant at this point is substantially in liquid form.
  • a first part of the liquefied first refrigerant is directed to the first chiller 14, where as previously discussed the first refrigerant pre-cools the feed gas in feed gas line 12.
  • a second part of the liquefied first refrigerant is directed to a second chiller 30 where the first refrigerant pre-chills the mixed refrigerant.
  • the first refrigerant now in substantially vapor form, is directed from the first chiller 14 and the second chiller 30 to the compressors 24a, 24b, and the first refrigerant loop repeats.
  • the mixed refrigerant leaving the main cryogenic heat exchanger 16 is in a vapor state, and is compressed and cooled in a series of compressors 32a, 32b, 34a, 34b, and inter-stage coolers and discharge coolers 36a, 36b, 38a, 38b.
  • Mixed refrigerant exiting the discharge chillers 38a, 38b is directed to the second chiller 30, where it is further cooled by the second part of the first refrigerant.
  • the mixed refrigerant then is directed to a mixed refrigerant separator 40 that separates and outputs the mixed refrigerant liquid stream (in line 42) and the mixed refrigerant vapor stream (in line 44).
  • Both lines 42 and 44 are connected to the main cryogenic heat exchanger 16, where the mixed refrigerant cools and liquefies the chilled feed gas directed from the first chiller 14.
  • the mixed refrigerant exiting the main cryogenic heat exchanger 16 is substantially in a vapor state and is directed to the compressors 32a, 32b to continue the mixed refrigerant loop.
  • the compressors 24a, 32a, and 34a are connected to a common shaft 46a and powered by a turbine assembly 48a.
  • the compressors 24b, 32b, and 34b are connected to a common shaft 46b and powered by a turbine assembly 48b.
  • Other compressor and driver configurations can be deployed as is known to those familiar with the art.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a known layout of an LNG producing facility 200, which may be termed an LNG train.
  • the LNG train 200 includes multiple processing modules 202a, 202b, 202c, 202d disposed along a central piperack 204.
  • the processing modules 202a-d are connected to each other and to any functional units within the piperack via multiple pipes and conduits that direct utility streams, feed gas and resulting products and side-prodcuts as desired.
  • the processing modules may include: an acid gas removal unit that removes C0 2 and H 2 S molecules from the feed gas down to the very low levels required to prevent freezing in the downstream refrigeration and liquefaction units; a dehydration unit that removes water molecules from the feed gas down to the very low levels required to prevent freezing in the downstream refrigeration and liquefaction units; a heavy hydrocarbon capture (HHC) or heavy hydrocarbon removal unit that removes C 6 + molecules from the feed gas below levels necessary to prevent freezing in the downstream refrigeration and liquefaction units, and the like.
  • a refrigeration processing module 206 includes the one or more feed gas propane chillers 14 and the one or more mixed refrigerant chillers 30, as disclosed in Figure 1.
  • a liquefaction processing module 208 includes the mixed refrigerant separator 40 as well as lines 42 and 44 that connect to the main cryogenic heat exchanger 16, which may be located adjacent the liquefaction processing module 208.
  • Each of the processing modules may be pre- assembled at a fabrication yard or other off-site manufacturing location, transported to the operating site of the LNG train, and connected together to construct the completed LNG train.
  • the LNG train 200 shown in Figure 2 represents known attempts to modularize gas processing plant design, and is characterized by installing the process modules along the central piperack 204, and piping connections between separate process modules are routed through the central piperack 204.
  • the central piperack may be formed by piperack segments or modules that are built at a manufacturing site, transported to an operating site, and assembled together at the operating site.
  • this modularization strategy results in a significant number of piping connections at the interfaces between the process modules and the central piperack. Connecting the piping connections onsite is a labor-intensive activity.
  • every line connecting two process modules such as the refrigeration processing module 206 and the liquefaction processing module 208, must pass through the central piperack to do so, and there will be a minimum of two site connections at interfaces with each central piperack segment the line must pass through.
  • connecting these two modules at the operating site may incur significant time and expense. What is needed is a hydrocarbon processing plant design that minimizes such assembly costs.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of processing natural gas to produce liquefied natural gas (LNG) using a consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module.
  • the natural gas is cooled in a first array of one or more heat exchangers using a first refrigerant from a first refrigerant circuit, wherein the first refrigerant is compressed in a first compressor.
  • a second refrigerant from a second refrigerant circuit is compressed in a second compressor.
  • the compressed second refrigerant is cooled and partially condensed using the first refrigerant in a second array of one or more heat exchangers located in the consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module.
  • the partially condensed second refrigerant is separated into liquid and vapor phases using a refrigerant separator located in the consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module.
  • the natural gas to produce LNG in a third array of one or more heat exchangers using the vapor and liquid phases of the partially condensed second refrigerant.
  • the present disclosure also provides a hydrocarbon processing plant, comprising: a first refrigerant circuit; a first refrigerant configured to circulate in the first refrigerant circuit; a first compressor configured to compress the first refrigerant; a first array of one or more heat exchangers configured to cool a hydrocarbon stream using the first refrigerant; a second refrigerant circuit; a second refrigerant configured to circulate in the second refrigerant circuit; a second compressor configured to compress the second refrigerant; a second array of one or more heat exchangers configured to cool and partially condense the compressed second refrigerant using the first refrigerant; a refrigerant separator configured to separate the partially condensed second refrigerant into liquid and vapor phases; a third array of one or more heat exchangers configured to liquefy the hydrocarbon stream using the vapor and liquid phases of the partially condensed second refrigerant; and a consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module within which is located the second
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an LNG liquefaction process according to known principles.
  • Figure 2 is a top plan view of an LNG train according to known principles.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an LNG liquefaction process according to disclosed aspects.
  • Figure 4 is a top plan view of an LNG train according to disclosed aspects.
  • Figure 5 is a top plan view of a consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module according to disclosed aspects.
  • Figure 6 is a top plan view of a consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module according to disclosed aspects.
  • Figure 7 is a top plan view of a consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module according to disclosed aspects.
  • Figure 8 is a top plan view of a consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module according to disclosed aspects.
  • Figure 9 is a method of designing an LNG train according to known principles.
  • acid gas and "sour gas” refers to any gas that dissolves in water to produce an acidic solution.
  • acid gases include hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), or sulfur dioxide (SO2), or mixtures thereof.
  • heat exchanger refers to a device designed to efficiently transfer or "exchange" heat from one matter to another.
  • Exemplary heat exchanger types include a co- current or counter-current heat exchanger, an indirect heat exchanger (e.g. spiral wound heat exchanger, plate-fin heat exchanger such as a brazed aluminum plate fin type, shell-and-tube heat exchanger, etc.), direct contact heat exchanger, or some combination of these, and so on.
  • an indirect heat exchanger e.g. spiral wound heat exchanger, plate-fin heat exchanger such as a brazed aluminum plate fin type, shell-and-tube heat exchanger, etc.
  • direct contact heat exchanger or some combination of these, and so on.
  • gas stream refers to situations where a gas, vapor, and liquid is mainly present in the stream, respectively, there may be other phases also present within the stream.
  • a gas may also be present in a “liquid stream.”
  • the disclosure relates to a system and method for the standardized design and construction of a hydrocarbon handling and processing plant, such as an LNG train.
  • a significant number of connections between modules and/or processing units may be eliminated by locating many or all of the components relating to refrigeration and liquefaction of natural gas in a single processing module.
  • the consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module may be completely or substantially constructed at a manufacturing site that is separate from an operating site of the hydrocarbon handling and processing plant, and then transported to the operating site, where the consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module is connected to the remainder of the hydrocarbon handling and processing plant.
  • At least part of the remainder of the hydrocarbon handling and processing plant is made of modules that are also assembled or manufactured at a manufacturing site, transported to the operating site, and assembled at the operating site to form the hydrocarbon handling and processing plant.
  • the consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module may be connected to one or more of the modules of the remainder of the hydrocarbon handling and processing plant.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an LNG producing facility 300 according to known principles.
  • Feed gas in a feed gas line 312 is pre- cooled in a first chiller 314 using a first refrigerant such as propane.
  • the feed gas is then cooled and liquefied in a main cryogenic heat exchanger 316 using a mixed refrigerant.
  • the liquefied natural gas is expanded in a hydraulic turbine 318 or similar expansion device and is stored in an LNG storage tank 320.
  • a boil-off gas compressor 322 compresses the liquefied natural gas leaving/exiting the LNG storage tank 320.
  • the first refrigerant and the mixed refrigerant cycle through separate refrigerant loops.
  • the first refrigerant loop is compressed in one or more compressors 324a, 324b and further processed in (a) a desuperheater, which cools the hot vapor to a saturated vapor, (b) a condenser that condenses the saturated vapor to liquid form, and (c) cooled in a sub-cooler.
  • Functions (a)-(c) are represented in Figure 3 by cooler element 328.
  • the cooled and liquefied first refrigerant at this point is substantially in liquid form.
  • a first part of the liquefied first refrigerant is directed to the first chiller 314, where as previously discussed the first refrigerant pre-cools the feed gas in feed gas line 312.
  • a second part of the liquefied first refrigerant is directed to a second chiller 330 where the first refrigerant pre-chills the mixed refrigerant.
  • the first refrigerant now in substantially vapor form, is directed from the first chiller 314 and the second chiller 330 to the compressors 324a, 324b, and the first refrigerant loop repeats.
  • the mixed refrigerant leaving the main cryogenic heat exchanger 316 is in a vapor and/or liquid state, and is compressed and cooled in a series of compressors 332a, 332b, 334a, 334b, and inter-stage and discharge coolers 336a, 336b, 338a, 338b.
  • Mixed refrigerant exiting the chillers 338a, 338b is directed to the second chiller 330, where it is further cooled by the second part of the first refrigerant.
  • the mixed refrigerant then is directed to a mixed refrigerant separator 340 that separates and outputs the mixed refrigerant liquid stream (in line 342) and the mixed refrigerant vapor stream (in line 344).
  • Both lines 342 and 344 are connected to the main cryogenic heat exchanger 316, where the mixed refrigerant cools and liquefies the chilled feed gas directed from the first chiller 314.
  • the mixed refrigerant exiting the main cryogenic heat exchanger 316 is substantially in a vapor state and is directed to the compressors 332a, 332b to continue the mixed refrigerant loop.
  • the compressors 324a, 332a, and 334a are connected to a common shaft 346a and powered by a turbine assembly 348a.
  • the compressors 324b, 332b, and 334b are connected to a common shaft 346b and powered by a turbine assembly 348b.
  • Other compressor and driver configurations can be deployed as is known to those familiar with the art.
  • FIG. 4 depicts a layout of an LNG producing facility 400, which may be termed an LNG train, according to disclosed aspects.
  • the LNG train 400 includes multiple processing modules 402a, 402b, 402c, 402d disposed along a central piperack 404.
  • Each of the processing modules may be pre-assembled at a fabrication yard or other off-site location, transported to the site of the LNG train, and connected together to construct the completed LNG train.
  • the processing modules 402a-d are connected to each other and to any functional units within the piperack via multiple pipes and conduits that direct feed gas and resulting products and side- prodcuts as desired.
  • the processing modules may include: an acid gas removal unit that removes C0 2 and H 2 S molecules from the feed gas down to the very low levels required to prevent freezing in the downstream refrigeration and liquefaction units; a dehydration unit that removes water molecules from the feed gas down to the very low levels required to prevent freezing in the downstream refrigeration and liquefaction units; a heavy hydrocarbon capture (HHC) or heavy hydrocarbon removal unit that removes C 6 + molecules from the feed gas below levels necessary to prevent freezing in the downstream refrigeration and liquefaction units, and the like.
  • HHC heavy hydrocarbon capture
  • a consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module 406 includes the one or more feed gas propane chillers 314 and the one or more mixed refrigerant chillers 330.
  • the consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module 406 also includes the mixed refrigerant separator 340 as well as lines 344 and 342 that connect to the main cryogenic heat exchanger 316, which may be located on or adjacent the consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module 406.
  • An additional array of cooling elements, such as fin fan coolers, may be co- located with the feed gas propane chillers 314, the mixed refrigerant chillers 330, and/or the main cryogenic heat exchanger 316.
  • the consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module 406 may include one or more hydraulic turbines 318 for isentropic expansion of the LNG, and/or one or more hydraulic turbines for isentropic expansion of the mixed refrigerant.
  • the arrangement shown in Figures 4-5 eliminates labor-intensive piping connections previously required to be performed at the operating site to connect the feed gas propane chillers 14 to the main cryogenic heat exchanger 16 through the central piperack 202.
  • Figure 6 shows a consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module 606 in which the feed gas propane chillers 614 are mounted on a separate module 607. This aspect still results in fewer connections required to be made at the operating site as compared with known arrangements, although this aspect is less efficient than the arrangement disclosed in Figures 4-5.
  • Figure 6 also shows how the main cryogenic heat exchanger 616 may be attached to the consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module 606. Such attachment may occur at the operating site or at a manufacturing site separate from the operating site.
  • Figure 7 shows additional components of the LNG train which may be included on a consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module 706.
  • a scrub column 760 may be installed to remove heavy hydrocarbon components from the feed gas prior to liquefaction in the main cryogenic heat exchanger 716.
  • a propane accumulator 762 may be installed to be used as a buffer storage for the condensed propane refrigerant.
  • a propane subcooler heat exchanger 764 which may perform one or more functions represented by cooler element 330, may also be installed on the consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module 706. Some or all of these additional components may be included thereon in any combination. Furthermore, the arrangement of components, including these additional components, on the consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module may be done to minimize the amount of piping between components thereon, and the arrangement of components as depicted in the Figures is only an example of such arrangements.
  • Figure 8 depicts a consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module 806 in which the mixed refrigerant separator 840 is integral with or closely connected to the mixed refrigerant chillers 830.
  • the length of piping connecting the mixed refrigerant chillers 830 and the mixed refrigerant separator 840 is less than ten meters. Integrating or co-locating the mixed refrigerant chillers 830 and the mixed refrigerant separator 840 as described herein provides substantial cost savings and reduction in LNG plant design when compared to known LNG plant designs, where these two components typically are located in separate modules and even on opposite sides of the central piperack.
  • FIG. 9 depicts a method 900 of processing natural gas to produce liquefied natural gas (LNG) using a consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module according to disclosed aspects.
  • step 902 the natural gas is cooled in a first array of one or more heat exchangers using a first refrigerant from a first refrigerant circuit, wherein the first refrigerant is compressed in a first compressor.
  • a second refrigerant from a second refrigerant circuit is compressed in a second compressor.
  • the compressed second refrigerant is cooled and partially condensed using the first refrigerant in a second array of one or more heat exchangers located in the consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module.
  • step 908 the partially condensed second refrigerant is separated into liquid and vapor phases using a refrigerant separator located in the consolidated refrigeration and liquefaction module.
  • step 910 the natural gas is liquefied to produce LNG in a third array of one or more heat exchangers using the vapor and liquid phases of the partially condensed second refrigerant.
  • hydrocarbon management or “managing hydrocarbons” includes hydrocarbon extraction, hydrocarbon production, hydrocarbon exploration, identifying potential hydrocarbon resources, identifying well locations, determining well injection and/or extraction rates, identifying reservoir connectivity, acquiring, disposing of and/ or abandoning hydrocarbon resources, reviewing prior hydrocarbon management decisions, and any other hydrocarbon-related acts or activities.
  • hydrocarbon management is also used for the injection or storage of hydrocarbons or CCh, for example the sequestration of CCh, such as reservoir evaluation, development planning, and reservoir management.
  • the disclosed methodologies and techniques may be used in extracting hydrocarbons from a subsurface region and/or processing the hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons and contaminants may be extracted from a reservoir and processed. The hydrocarbons and contaminants may be processed, for example, in the LNG plant as described herein. Other hydrocarbon extraction activities and, more generally, other hydrocarbon management activities, may be performed according to known principles.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement de gaz naturel pour produire du gaz naturel liquéfié à l'aide d'un module de réfrigération et de liquéfaction consolidé. Le gaz naturel est refroidi dans un premier réseau d'un ou de plusieurs échangeurs de chaleur à l'aide d'un premier fluide frigorigène provenant d'un premier circuit de fluide frigorigène, le premier fluide frigorigène étant comprimé dans un premier compresseur. Un second fluide frigorigène provenant d'un second circuit de fluide frigorigène est comprimé dans un deuxième compresseur. Le second fluide frigorigène est refroidi et partiellement condensé à l'aide du premier fluide frigorigène dans un deuxième réseau d'un ou de plusieurs échangeurs de chaleur situés dans le module de réfrigération et de liquéfaction consolidé. Le second fluide frigorigène partiellement condensé est séparé en une phase liquide et une phase vapeur au moyen d'un séparateur de fluide frigorigène situé dans le module de réfrigération et de liquéfaction consolidé. Le gaz naturel est liquéfié pour produire du gaz naturel liquéfié dans un troisième réseau d'un ou de plusieurs échangeurs de chaleur en utilisant la phase vapeur et la phase liquide du second fluide frigorigène partiellement condensé.
EP16774756.7A 2015-10-06 2016-09-16 Module de réfrigération et de liquéfaction consolidé dans une installation de traitement d'hydrocarbures Withdrawn EP3359895A1 (fr)

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US201562237842P 2015-10-06 2015-10-06
PCT/US2016/052149 WO2017062154A1 (fr) 2015-10-06 2016-09-16 Module de réfrigération et de liquéfaction consolidé dans une installation de traitement d'hydrocarbures

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RU2747868C1 (ru) * 2017-05-30 2021-05-17 ДжГК Корпорейшн Модуль для устройства сжижения природного газа и устройство сжижения природного газа
EP3837482A1 (fr) 2018-08-14 2021-06-23 ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company Conservation de fluide frigorigène mixte dans des installations de liquéfaction de gaz naturel
JP7313459B2 (ja) * 2019-10-09 2023-07-24 日揮グローバル株式会社 天然ガス液化装置
US11913717B2 (en) 2019-10-29 2024-02-27 Jgc Corporation Natural gas liquefying apparatus

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US6119479A (en) * 1998-12-09 2000-09-19 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Dual mixed refrigerant cycle for gas liquefaction
US6308531B1 (en) * 1999-10-12 2001-10-30 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Hybrid cycle for the production of liquefied natural gas
FR2893627B1 (fr) * 2005-11-18 2007-12-28 Total Sa Procede pour l'ajustement du pouvoir calorifique superieur du gaz dans la chaine du gnl.
US20080078205A1 (en) * 2006-09-28 2008-04-03 Ortloff Engineers, Ltd. Hydrocarbon Gas Processing
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AP2015008770A0 (en) * 2013-03-27 2015-09-30 Woodside Energy Technologies Pty Ltd Air-cooled modular lng production facility
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CA3000821A1 (fr) 2017-04-13
US20170097188A1 (en) 2017-04-06
KR20180064471A (ko) 2018-06-14
WO2017062154A1 (fr) 2017-04-13
AU2020201192A1 (en) 2020-03-05
TW201812235A (zh) 2018-04-01
TWI614471B (zh) 2018-02-11
JP2018531355A (ja) 2018-10-25
TW201727175A (zh) 2017-08-01

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