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EP3348369B1 - Device and method for the preparation of klinker tiles - Google Patents

Device and method for the preparation of klinker tiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3348369B1
EP3348369B1 EP17151373.2A EP17151373A EP3348369B1 EP 3348369 B1 EP3348369 B1 EP 3348369B1 EP 17151373 A EP17151373 A EP 17151373A EP 3348369 B1 EP3348369 B1 EP 3348369B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
extrudate
forming
longitudinal direction
strand
obliquely
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17151373.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3348369A1 (en
Inventor
Johannes Weg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stroher GmbH
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Stroher GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to EP17151373.2A priority Critical patent/EP3348369B1/en
Publication of EP3348369A1 publication Critical patent/EP3348369A1/en
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Publication of EP3348369B1 publication Critical patent/EP3348369B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/08—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads
    • B28B11/0818—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads for roughening, profiling, corrugating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing clinker brick slips, with at least one extruder press for extrusion or for extruding at least one strand of plasticized mass, in particular of plasticized ceramic mass, with at least one shaping device for introducing structural elements into at least one surface of the plasticized strand and with at least one cutting device for separating strappy sections from the strand.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing clinker brick slips.
  • - Clinker brick slips are also known as brick slips.
  • Such clinker brick slips are used to clad external facades of buildings. They are attached to the outer facades of buildings as a substitute for complete bricks. It is common and desirable for the outer surface of these clinker brick slips to be structured or to have characteristic structural elements.
  • the invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a device of the type mentioned at the outset with which structures or structural elements can be introduced in a simple and inexpensive manner in a very variable and flexible manner into the surface of an extruded strand of plasticized material.
  • the invention is also based on the technical problem of specifying a corresponding method for producing clinker brick slips.
  • the direction of movement of the movement carried out with the shaping unit includes an angle ⁇ with the extrusion direction of the strand or with the longitudinal direction of the strand.
  • this angle ⁇ is smaller than 90 °, preferably less than 85 ° and preferably less than 80 °.
  • the angle ⁇ is in particular 25 ° to 80 °, advantageously 30 ° to 75 ° and preferably 35 ° to 70 °.
  • the introduction of structural elements into the surface of the strand to be structured means in particular that the shaping device and / or the shaping unit and / or a component of the shaping device and / or the shaping unit comes into contact with the plasticized mass on the surface of the strand and that plasticized mass is displaced and / or compressed and / or removed on this surface, so that structural elements - in particular linear or linear structural elements - result from this.
  • the invention is based on the finding that, with the device according to the invention, different structural elements can be introduced into the surface of the extruded plasticized strand in a very variable and flexible manner. Undesired repetition effects are completely or quasi completely avoided.
  • structural elements oriented transversely to the extrusion direction and particularly preferably perpendicularly or essentially perpendicularly to the extrusion direction can be introduced into the strand surface. This is possible in a very simple and inexpensive manner. There is a multitude of setting options, which further increases the variability in the design of the structural elements.
  • a shaping device of the device according to the invention preferably has 2 to 70, preferably 10 to 65, preferably 15 to 55 and very preferably 15 to 50 shaping units. These shaping units are expediently on or with the shaping device movable obliquely to the extrusion direction of the strand or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the strand. It is within the scope of the invention that a shaping unit is designed as a shaping brush, as a shaping sponge, as a shaping lip, as a shaping scraper or as a shaping wire. Fundamentally different shaping units are also possible within the scope of the invention.
  • One embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a plurality of different shaping units is arranged on a shaping device, for example a combination of shaping brushes and shaping sponges.
  • shaping units present on a shaping device are interchangeable.
  • shaping units made of different materials can be used.
  • combinations of shaping brushes with wire bristles on the one hand and with plastic bristles on the other hand can be used.
  • a device according to the invention is distinguished by a particular flexibility and variability.
  • One embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the entire shaping device is arranged obliquely - and preferably with the angle ⁇ described above - to the extrusion direction of the strand or to the longitudinal direction of the extruded strand.
  • at least one shaping unit attached to this shaping device - preferably a plurality of shaping units attached to this shaping device - is inclined relative to the shaping device above the surface of the strand to be structured, obliquely to the extrusion direction or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the strand Stranges moves.
  • the entire shaping device is moved obliquely to the extrusion direction or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the strand over the surface of the strand to be structured.
  • the direction of movement of this movement of the at least one shaping unit and / or the shaping device expediently includes an angle ⁇ or the angle ⁇ described with the extrusion direction of the strand or with the longitudinal direction of the strand.
  • a particularly recommended embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one shaping unit, preferably the plurality of shaping units of a shaping device, is or can be moved continuously obliquely to the extrusion direction of the strand or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the strand. It is within the scope of the invention that the at least one shaping unit or that the plurality of shaping units are moved relative to the assigned shaping device.
  • a very particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one shaping unit, preferably the plurality of shaping units, is / are fixed to at least one endless strand and that the shaping unit or the plurality of shaping units with the endless strand are oblique to the extrusion direction of the strand or runs continuously at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the strand.
  • the endless strand is preferably designed as an endless chain or as an endless toothed belt or as an endless belt. It is also within the scope of the invention that the endless strand is oriented obliquely to the extrusion direction or to the longitudinal direction of the strand.
  • the at least one shaping unit and / or the entire shaping device is oscillating - preferably periodically oscillating - Movable at an angle to the extrusion direction or to the longitudinal direction of the strand.
  • the at least one shaping unit and / or the entire shaping device expediently carries out a back and forth movement or a forward and backward movement obliquely to the extrusion direction or to the longitudinal direction of the strand. It is within the scope of the invention that a structural element or structural elements are introduced into the strand surface only during the forward movement or the forward movement and that the upward movement or the backward movement is carried out as an idle stroke without the strand surface being structured.
  • the structuring of the surface of the strand is achieved by cutting or peeling off thin layers of the strand surface.
  • the structure depth of the structural elements introduced into the strand surface can be varied by adjustable adjustment of the entire shaping device and / or of the at least one shaping unit or the shaping units.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized by optimum flexibility and variability with regard to the structuring of the strand surface.
  • An embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a plurality of shaping devices are arranged one behind the other in the extrusion direction behind the extrusion press.
  • Each shaping device preferably has at least one shaping unit which can be moved obliquely to the extrusion direction of the strand or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the strand over the surface of the strand to be structured, so that structural elements can thereby be introduced into the strand surface to be structured.
  • the device has a plurality of shaping units attached to each of the shaping devices arranged behind the extruder press, which can be moved obliquely to the extrusion direction of the strand.
  • the invention further teaches a method for producing clinker brick slips, wherein a strand of plasticized mass - in particular of plasticized ceramic mass - is extruded or extruded, with structural elements subsequently in at least one surface of the plasticized strand to be structured by means of at least a shaping device with a plurality of shaping units can be introduced, strapping sections then being separated from the strand and then preferably dried and / or fired, wherein the shaping units are moved in a direction oblique to the extrusion direction of the strand or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the strand, so that structural elements are introduced into the surface of the strand to be structured by means of the shaping units and wherein the movement of the shaping units takes place with the proviso that the structural elements introduced into the surface of the strand are arranged transversely, in particular perpendicularly or essentially perpendicularly - to the extrusion direction of the strand or to the longitudinal direction of the strand and to the longitudinal extension of
  • a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the direction of movement of the oblique movement of the at least one shaping unit and / or the at least one shaping device encloses an angle ⁇ with the extrusion direction of the strand or with the longitudinal direction of the strand.
  • the angle ⁇ is expediently less than 90 °, preferably less than 85 ° and preferably less than 80 °. It is recommended that the angle ⁇ be between 25 ° and 75 °, advantageously between 30 ° and 70 °.
  • the strand structured on its surface is passed through a cutting device in which apron sections are separated or cut off from the strand.
  • the separation is expediently carried out with the proviso that the length of the strapped sections of the straps essentially corresponds to the length of the clinker straps to be produced. It is within the scope of the invention that the separated apron sections are dried and / or fired after the cutting process. It goes without saying that the length of the apron sections can also change during drying and / or firing. The clinker brick slips produced in this way can then be used.
  • the strapping sections are expediently fired in a suitable furnace, for example in a tunnel furnace.
  • the structuring of the strand surface can be achieved by peeling or cutting off thin layer sections of the strand surface.
  • the angle ⁇ can be changed during the operation of the device, so that in this way variations in the structuring or structural elements introduced into the strand surface can be achieved.
  • the longitudinal direction of a structural element expediently includes an angle ⁇ from 70 ° to 110 °, in particular from 80 ° to 100 ° and preferably from 85 ° to 95 °, with the extrusion direction or with the longitudinal direction of the strand.
  • linear or essentially linear structural elements are introduced into the strand surface. If the structural elements introduced into the strand surface are not linear or not exactly linear, in this embodiment the longitudinal direction of the structural element means the longitudinal direction of the longest linear section of the structural element.
  • the angle ⁇ can be between the direction of movement of the at least one shaping unit and / or the at least one shaping device and the extrusion direction or longitudinal direction of the strand, during extrusion and / or during the shaping or structuring of the strand surface can be varied.
  • the speed of the oblique movement of the at least one shaping unit and / or the at least one shaping device can be varied and / or the extrusion speed of the strand can be varied during the method according to the invention.
  • the variation of the angle ⁇ and / or the variation of the speed of the oblique movement and / or the extrusion speed can advantageously be used to achieve diverse variations in the structuring.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention - which is of particular importance in the context of the invention - is characterized in that the speeds are set with the proviso that the speed vector v S the speed of the at the molding device along the strand and the velocity vector v F form a right-angled triangle for the speed of the obliquely moved at least one shaping unit and / or the obliquely moved shaping device. It goes without saying that the two speed vectors must start from the same starting point. This embodiment has proven particularly useful with regard to the targeted introduction of structural elements into the strand surface.
  • a recommended embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the structure depth of the structural elements introduced into the strand surface can be changed by changing the distance of the at least one shaping device and / or the at least one shaping unit from the surface of the strand.
  • the distance mentioned can be varied during the method according to the invention.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that with the device according to the invention and with the method according to the invention, on the one hand, very simple, inexpensive and functionally reliable introduction of structural elements into the surface of the strand to be structured is possible.
  • the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention allow a simple and varied variation of the introduced structural elements, so that undesired repetition effects practically do not occur or can be completely avoided.
  • This flexibility of the device according to the invention is further increased by the variable setting options on the components of the device.
  • brick sections or clinker brick can also be moved relatively quickly and nonetheless, are generated virtually without rejects.
  • the device according to the invention nonetheless has a relatively simple and less complex structure.
  • the method according to the invention can be implemented at relatively low costs.
  • the figures show a device for carrying out the method according to the invention or for producing clinker brick slips 1.
  • the device has an extruder press 2 for extrusion or for extruding a strand 3, 3 'made of plasticized ceramic material.
  • the plasticized ceramic mass is extruded as a double strand from two strands 3, 3 '.
  • a shaping device 4 for introducing structural elements 5 into the surface of the strands 3, 3 ′ to be structured is provided in the exemplary embodiment in the extrusion direction behind the extruder press 2.
  • the shaping device 4 is expediently, and in the exemplary embodiment, a cutting device 6 for separating strap sections from the strands 3, 3 '.
  • the shaping device 4 has at least one shaping unit 7 which is moved obliquely to the extrusion direction of the strand 3, 3 'or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the strand 3, 3' over the surface of the strand 3, 3 'to be structured. As a result, the structural elements 5 are introduced into the surface of the strand 3, 3 'to be structured.
  • the shaping device 4 has a plurality of shaping units 7 designed as shaping brushes (see in particular Fig. 3 ). The shaping units 7 designed as shaping brushes are moved in the exemplary embodiment along the shaping device 4 or in the longitudinal direction of the shaping device 4.
  • the direction of movement of the shaping unit 7 or of the shaping units 7 includes an angle ⁇ with the extrusion direction of the strand 3, 3 'or with the longitudinal direction of the strand 3, 3' (in Fig. 1 ) Located.
  • this angle ⁇ is less than 90 °, recommended less than 85 °, preferably less than 80 ° and very preferably less than 75 °. It is recommended that the angle ⁇ is 25 ° to 75 °, advantageously 30 ° to 70 °.
  • a shaping device 4 preferably and in the exemplary embodiment ( Fig. 3 ) a plurality of shaping units 7, in particular 2 to 30, preferably 2 to 20 shaping units 7.
  • the shaping device 4 is equipped with nine shaping units 7 designed as shaping brushes.
  • the bristles 8 of the shaping brushes act on the surface of the strand 3, 3 'during the movement of the shaping brushes or shaping units 7, so that the structural elements 5 are introduced into the strand surface to be structured in this way.
  • the entire shaping device 4 is arranged obliquely, namely with the angle ⁇ to the extrusion direction of the strand 3, 3 'or to the longitudinal direction of the strand 3, 3'.
  • the shaping units 7 connected to the shaping device 4 are moved continuously at an angle to the extrusion direction or to the longitudinal direction of the strand 3, 3 '.
  • the shaping units 7 are connected to an endless strand 9, which in the exemplary embodiment can be designed as an endless chain.
  • the endless strand 9 runs continuously at an angle to the extrusion direction or to the longitudinal direction of the strand 3, 3 '.
  • the shaping device 4 is arranged above the strand 3, 3 'to be structured.
  • the bristles 8 of the shaping brushes or shaping units 7 moved on the underside of the shaping device 4 come into contact with the surface of the plasticized strand 3, 3 ′, so that in the exemplary embodiment linear structural elements 5 preferably come into contact with the strand surface to be structured be introduced.
  • the movement or oblique movement of the shaping units 7 takes place with the proviso that the structural elements 5 or linear structural elements 5 introduced into the surface of the strand 3, 3 'are preferred, and in the exemplary embodiment, perpendicular to Extrusion direction of the strand 3, 3 'or to the longitudinal direction of the strand 3, 3' are arranged.
  • the longitudinal direction of the structural elements 5 closes with the extrusion direction or with the Longitudinal direction of the strand 3, 3 'each have an angle ⁇ of 90 °. It is within the scope of the invention that this angle ⁇ is between 70 ° and 110 °, preferably between 80 ° and 100 ° and particularly preferably between 85 ° and 95 °.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the speeds of the extrusion on the one hand and of the shaping units 7 on the other hand are set with the proviso that the speed vector v S the speed of the strand 3, 3 'moving along the shaping device 4 and the speed vector v F the speed of the shaping units 7 span a right-angled triangle. This from the vectors v S and v F spanned right triangle is in a section of the Fig. 1 shown. The speed vectors v S and v F naturally assume the same starting point.
  • the angle ⁇ and / or the speed can be varied during operation of the device v F of the shaping units 7 and / or the speed of the extrusion can be changed.
  • a recommended embodiment is further characterized in that the shaping device 4 and / or the shaping units 7 can be changed with regard to their distance from the surface of the strand 3, 3 '. This possible change in distance is in the Fig. 2 indicated by a double arrow.
  • the structure depth of the structural elements 5 can also be varied, and preferably also varied during operation of the device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Klinkerriemchen, mit zumindest einer Extruderpresse zur Extrusion bzw. zum Strangpressen zumindest eines Stranges aus plastifizierter Masse, insbesondere aus plastifizierter Keramikmasse, mit zumindest einer Formgebungsvorrichtung zum Einbringen von Strukturelementen in zumindest eine zu strukturierende Oberfläche des plastifizierten Stranges und mit zumindest einer Schneideinrichtung zur Abtrennung von Riemchenabschnitten von dem Strang. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Klinkerriemchen. - Klinkerriemchen werden auch als Riemchen-Verblender bezeichnet. Solche Klinkerriemchen dienen zur Verkleidung von Außenfassaden von Gebäuden. Sie werden gleichsam als Ersatz für vollständige Ziegelsteine an den Außenfassaden von Gebäuden angebracht. Es ist üblich und wünschenswert, dass die Außenoberfläche dieser Klinkerriemchen strukturiert ist bzw. charakteristische Strukturelemente aufweist.The invention relates to a device for producing clinker brick slips, with at least one extruder press for extrusion or for extruding at least one strand of plasticized mass, in particular of plasticized ceramic mass, with at least one shaping device for introducing structural elements into at least one surface of the plasticized strand and with at least one cutting device for separating strappy sections from the strand. The invention further relates to a method for producing clinker brick slips. - Clinker brick slips are also known as brick slips. Such clinker brick slips are used to clad external facades of buildings. They are attached to the outer facades of buildings as a substitute for complete bricks. It is common and desirable for the outer surface of these clinker brick slips to be structured or to have characteristic structural elements.

Vorrichtungen und Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art sind aus der Praxis grundsätzlich bekannt. So ist es bereits bekannt den aus der Extruderpresse extrudierten Strang aus plastifizierter Keramikmasse mit einer Formgebungsvorrichtung in Form einer senkrecht zur Extrusionsrichtung angeordneten Formwalze zu bearbeiten. Mit einer solchen Formwalze werden üblicherweise Strukturelemente in die Oberfläche des Stranges eingebracht, die in Form von senkrecht zur Extrusionsrichtung orientierten Strukturlinien ausgebildet sind. Der Nachteil dieser Verfahrensweise liegt darin, dass kaum Variationsmöglichkeiten gegeben sind und dass die Einbringung solcher Strukturelemente mit den genannten Formwalzen zu unerwünschten Wiederholungseffekten führt. Einstellmöglichkeiten zur Veränderung der Strukturen bzw. Strukturelemente sind kaum gegeben. Aufgrund der mehr oder weniger unflexiblen bzw. starren Beaufschlagung der Strangoberflächen mit den Formwalzen sind auch nachteilhafte Beschädigungen der Strangoberfläche nicht ausgeschlossen. Demgegenüber besteht Verbesserungsbedarf.Devices and methods of the type mentioned at the outset are known in practice. For example, it is already known to process the extruded extruded extrusion made of plasticized ceramic mass using a shaping device in the form of a shaping roller arranged perpendicular to the direction of extrusion. With such a shaping roller, structural elements are usually introduced into the surface of the strand, which are designed in the form of structure lines oriented perpendicular to the direction of extrusion. The disadvantage of this procedure is that there are hardly any possible variations and that the introduction of such structural elements with the aforementioned shaping rollers leads to undesired repetition effects. There are hardly any setting options for changing the structures or structural elements. Because of the more or less inflexible or rigid Discharge damage to the strand surface cannot be ruled out, even if the strand surface is adversely affected. In contrast, there is room for improvement.

Aus US 2 778 086 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von vollständigen Ziegelsteinen bekannt. In eine Oberfläche dieser Ziegelsteine werden mit einer Formgebungsvorrichtung Strukturelemente eingebracht. Die Formgebungsvorrichtung weist eine Mehrzahl von Bürsten auf. Die in die Oberfläche der Ziegelsteine eingebrachten Strukturelemente erstrecken sich in Längsrichtung der Ziegelsteine.Out US 2,778,086 an apparatus for the production of complete bricks is known. Structural elements are introduced into a surface of these bricks using a shaping device. The shaping device has a plurality of brushes. The structural elements introduced into the surface of the bricks extend in the longitudinal direction of the bricks.

Weiterhin ist aus US 1 293 076 die Herstellung von hohlen Ziegelsteinen bekannt. Mit zwei Formgebungsvorrichtungen in Form von rotierenden Bürstenwalzen werden Oberflächen des Extrusionskuchens im unmittelbaren Oberflächenbereich bearbeitet. Dabei werden Strukturelemente eingebracht.Furthermore is off US 1,293,076 known for the production of hollow bricks. Surfaces of the extrusion cake are processed in the immediate surface area with two shaping devices in the form of rotating brush rollers. Structural elements are introduced.

Der Erfindung liegt das technische Problem zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannte Art anzugeben, mit der Strukturen bzw. Strukturelemente auf einfache und wenige aufwendige Weise sehr variabel und flexibel in die Oberfläche eines extrudierten Stranges aus plastifizierter Masse eingebracht werden können. Der Erfindung liegt weiterhin das technische Problem zugrunde, ein entsprechendes Verfahren zur Herstellung von Klinkerriemchen anzugeben.The invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a device of the type mentioned at the outset with which structures or structural elements can be introduced in a simple and inexpensive manner in a very variable and flexible manner into the surface of an extruded strand of plasticized material. The invention is also based on the technical problem of specifying a corresponding method for producing clinker brick slips.

Zur Lösung des technischen Problems lehrt die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Klinkerriemchen,

  • mit zumindest einer Extruderpresse zur Extrusion bzw. zum Strangpressen zumindest eines Stranges aus plastifizierter Masse, insbesondere aus plastifizierter Keramikmasse,
  • mit zumindest einer Formgebungsvorrichtung zum Einbringen von Strukturelementen in zumindest eine zu strukturierende Oberfläche des plastifizierten Stranges,
  • und mit zumindest einer Schneideinrichtung zur Abtrennung von Riemchenabschnitten von dem Strang,
wobei die zumindest eine Formgebungsvorrichtung eine Mehrzahl von Formgebungseinheiten aufweist, die über der zu strukturierenden Oberfläche des Stranges in einer Richtung schräg zur Extrusionsrichtung des Stranges bzw. schräg zur Längsrichtung des Stranges bewegbar sind und wobei dadurch Strukturelemente in die zu strukturierende Oberfläche einbringbar sind,
wobei die Bewegung der Formgebungseinheiten mit der Maßgabe erfolgt, dass die in die Oberfläche des Stranges eingebrachten Strukturelemente quer - insbesondere senkrecht bzw. im Wesentlichen senkrecht - zur Extrusionsrichtung des Stranges bzw. zur Längsrichtung des Stranges und zur Längserstreckung der abzutrennenden Riemchenabschnitte bzw. der Klinkerriemchen angeordnet sind
und wobei die Formgebungseinheiten und/oder die zumindest eine Formgebungsvorrichtung oszillierend - vorzugsweise periodisch oszillierend - schräg zur Extrusionsrichtung bzw. zur Längsrichtung des Stranges bewegbar ist/sind.To solve the technical problem, the invention teaches a device for producing clinker brick slips,
  • with at least one extruder press for extrusion or for extruding at least one strand of plasticized mass, in particular of plasticized ceramic mass,
  • with at least one shaping device for introducing structural elements into at least one surface of the plasticized strand to be structured,
  • and with at least one cutting device for separating strappy sections from the strand,
wherein the at least one shaping device has a plurality of shaping units which can be moved above the surface of the strand to be structured in a direction oblique to the extrusion direction of the strand or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the strand, and thereby structural elements can be introduced into the surface to be structured,
wherein the movement of the shaping units takes place with the proviso that the structural elements introduced into the surface of the strand are arranged transversely - in particular perpendicularly or essentially perpendicularly - to the extrusion direction of the strand or to the longitudinal direction of the strand and to the longitudinal extent of the strap sections to be separated or the clinker strap are
and wherein the shaping units and / or the at least one shaping device can be / are oscillating - preferably periodically oscillating - obliquely to the extrusion direction or to the longitudinal direction of the strand.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Bewegungsrichtung der mit der Formgebungseinheit vollzogenen Bewegung mit der Extrusionsrichtung des Stranges bzw. mit der Längsrichtung des Stranges einen Winkel α einschließt. Nach bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dieser Winkel α kleiner als 90°, vorzugsweise kleiner als 85° und bevorzugt kleiner als 80°. Der Winkel α beträgt insbesondere 25° bis 80°, zweckmäßigerweise 30° bis 75° und bevorzugt 35° bis 70°.It is within the scope of the invention that the direction of movement of the movement carried out with the shaping unit includes an angle α with the extrusion direction of the strand or with the longitudinal direction of the strand. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, this angle α is smaller than 90 °, preferably less than 85 ° and preferably less than 80 °. The angle α is in particular 25 ° to 80 °, advantageously 30 ° to 75 ° and preferably 35 ° to 70 °.

Einbringen von Strukturelementen in die Oberfläche des zu strukturierenden Stranges meint im Rahmen der Erfindung insbesondere, dass die Formgebungsvorrichtung und/oder die Formgebungseinheit und/oder eine Komponente der Formgebungsvorrichtung und/oder der Formgebungseinheit in Kontakt mit der plastifizierten Masse an der Oberfläche des Stranges kommt und dass dabei plastifizierte Masse an dieser Oberfläche verschoben und/oder komprimiert und/oder abgetragen wird, so dass hierdurch Strukturelemente - insbesondere linienförmige bzw. lineare Strukturelemente - entstehen.In the context of the invention, the introduction of structural elements into the surface of the strand to be structured means in particular that the shaping device and / or the shaping unit and / or a component of the shaping device and / or the shaping unit comes into contact with the plasticized mass on the surface of the strand and that plasticized mass is displaced and / or compressed and / or removed on this surface, so that structural elements - in particular linear or linear structural elements - result from this.

Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sehr variabel und flexibel unterschiedliche Strukturelemente in die Oberfläche des extrudierten plastifizierten Stranges eingebracht werden können. Dabei werden unerwünschte Wiederholungseffekte vollständig bzw. quasi vollständig vermieden. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung können vorzugsweise quer zur Extrusionsrichtung und besonders bevorzugt senkrecht bzw. im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Extrusionsrichtung orientierte Strukturelemente in die Strangoberfläche eingebracht werden. Dies ist auf sehr einfache und wenig aufwendige Weise möglich. Dabei ist eine Vielzahl von Einstellungsmöglichkeiten gegeben, wodurch die Variabilität der Gestaltung der Strukturelemente weiter erhöht wird.The invention is based on the finding that, with the device according to the invention, different structural elements can be introduced into the surface of the extruded plasticized strand in a very variable and flexible manner. Undesired repetition effects are completely or quasi completely avoided. With the device according to the invention, structural elements oriented transversely to the extrusion direction and particularly preferably perpendicularly or essentially perpendicularly to the extrusion direction can be introduced into the strand surface. This is possible in a very simple and inexpensive manner. There is a multitude of setting options, which further increases the variability in the design of the structural elements.

Empfohlenermaßen weist eine Formgebungsvorrichtung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 2 bis 70, vorzugsweise 10 bis 65, bevorzugt 15 bis 55 und sehr bevorzugt 15 bis 50 Formbebungseinheiten auf. Diese Formgebungseinheiten sind zweckmäßigerweise an bzw. mit der Formgebungsvorrichtung schräg zur Extrusionsrichtung des Stranges bzw. schräg zur Längsrichtung des Stranges bewegbar. - Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass eine Formgebungseinheit als Formgebungsbürste, als Formgebungsschwamm, als Formgebungslippe, als Formgebungsschaber oder als Formgebungsdraht ausgebildet ist. Grundsätzlich sind im Rahmen der Erfindung auch anders gestaltete Formgebungseinheiten möglich. Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass an einer Formgebungsvorrichtung eine Mehrzahl von unterschiedlichen Formgebungseinheiten angeordnet ist, beispielsweise eine Kombination von Formgebungsbürsten und Formgebungsschwämmen. Es liegt weiterhin im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die an einer Formgebungsvorrichtung vorhandenen Formgebungseinheiten austauschbar sind. Auch insoweit bestehen im Rahmen der Erfindung mannigfaltige Variationsmöglichkeiten. In diesem Zusammenhang liegt es auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass Formgebungseinheiten aus verschiedenen Materialien eingesetzt werden können. So sind beispielsweise Kombinationen von Formgebungsbürsten mit Drahtborsten einerseits und mit Kunststoffborsten andererseits verwendbar. Auch insoweit zeichnet sich eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung durch eine besondere Flexibilität und Variabilität aus.A shaping device of the device according to the invention preferably has 2 to 70, preferably 10 to 65, preferably 15 to 55 and very preferably 15 to 50 shaping units. These shaping units are expediently on or with the shaping device movable obliquely to the extrusion direction of the strand or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the strand. It is within the scope of the invention that a shaping unit is designed as a shaping brush, as a shaping sponge, as a shaping lip, as a shaping scraper or as a shaping wire. Fundamentally different shaping units are also possible within the scope of the invention. One embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a plurality of different shaping units is arranged on a shaping device, for example a combination of shaping brushes and shaping sponges. It is also within the scope of the invention that the shaping units present on a shaping device are interchangeable. There are also many possible variations within the scope of the invention. In this context, it is also within the scope of the invention that shaping units made of different materials can be used. For example, combinations of shaping brushes with wire bristles on the one hand and with plastic bristles on the other hand can be used. In this respect too, a device according to the invention is distinguished by a particular flexibility and variability.

Eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die gesamte Formgebungsvorrichtung schräg - und zwar vorzugsweise mit dem oben beschriebenen Winkel α - zur Extrusionsrichtung des Stranges bzw. zur Längsrichtung des extrudierten Stranges angeordnet ist. Gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante wird zumindest eine an dieser Formgebungsvorrichtung angebrachte Formgebungseinheit-vorzugsweise eine Mehrzahl von an dieser Formgebungsvorrichtung angebrachten Formgebungseinheiten - relativ zur Formgebungsvorrichtung über der zu strukturierenden Oberfläche des Stranges schräg zur Extrusionsrichtung bzw. schräg zur Längsrichtung des Stranges bewegt. Alternativ oder zusätzlich wird die gesamte Formgebungsvorrichtung über der zu strukturierenden Oberfläche des Stranges schräg zur Extrusionsrichtung bzw. schräg zur Längsrichtung des Stranges bewegt. Zweckmäßigerweise schließt in beiden Fällen die Bewegungsrichtung dieser Bewegung der zumindest einen Formgebungseinheit und/oder der Formgebungsvorrichtung mit der Extrusionsrichtung des Stranges bzw. mit der Längsrichtung des Stranges einen Winkel α ein bzw. den beschriebenen Winkel α ein.One embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the entire shaping device is arranged obliquely - and preferably with the angle α described above - to the extrusion direction of the strand or to the longitudinal direction of the extruded strand. According to one embodiment variant, at least one shaping unit attached to this shaping device - preferably a plurality of shaping units attached to this shaping device - is inclined relative to the shaping device above the surface of the strand to be structured, obliquely to the extrusion direction or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the strand Stranges moves. Alternatively or additionally, the entire shaping device is moved obliquely to the extrusion direction or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the strand over the surface of the strand to be structured. In both cases, the direction of movement of this movement of the at least one shaping unit and / or the shaping device expediently includes an angle α or the angle α described with the extrusion direction of the strand or with the longitudinal direction of the strand.

Eine besonders empfohlene Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zumindest eine Formgebungseinheit, vorzugsweise die Mehrzahl von Formgebungseinheiten einer Formgebungsvorrichtung kontinuierlich schräg zur Extrusionsrichtung des Stranges bzw. schräg zur Längsrichtung des Stranges bewegbar ist bzw. bewegt wird. Es liegt dabei im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die zumindest eine Formgebungseinheit bzw. dass die Mehrzahl von Formbebungseinheiten relativ zu der zugeordneten Formgebungsvorrichtung bewegt werden. Eine ganz besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die zumindest eine Formgebungseinheit, vorzugsweise die Mehrzahl von Formgebungseinheiten an zumindest einem Endlosstrang fixiert ist/sind und dass die Formgebungseinheit bzw. die Mehrzahl von Formgebungseinheiten mit dem Endlosstrang schräg zur Extrusionsrichtung des Stranges bzw. schräg zur Längsrichtung des Stranges kontinuierlich umläuft/umlaufen. Der Endlosstrang ist vorzugsweise als Endloskette oder als Endloszahnriemen oder als Endlosband ausgeführt. Es liegt weiterhin im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass der Endlosstrang schräg zur Extrusionsrichtung bzw. zur Längsrichtung des Stranges ausgerichtet ist.A particularly recommended embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one shaping unit, preferably the plurality of shaping units of a shaping device, is or can be moved continuously obliquely to the extrusion direction of the strand or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the strand. It is within the scope of the invention that the at least one shaping unit or that the plurality of shaping units are moved relative to the assigned shaping device. A very particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one shaping unit, preferably the plurality of shaping units, is / are fixed to at least one endless strand and that the shaping unit or the plurality of shaping units with the endless strand are oblique to the extrusion direction of the strand or runs continuously at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the strand. The endless strand is preferably designed as an endless chain or as an endless toothed belt or as an endless belt. It is also within the scope of the invention that the endless strand is oriented obliquely to the extrusion direction or to the longitudinal direction of the strand.

Die zumindest eine Formgebungseinheit und/oder ist die gesamte Formgebungsvorrichtung ist oszillierend - vorzugsweise periodisch oszillierend - schräg zur Extrusionsrichtung bzw. zur Längsrichtung des Stranges bewegbar. Zweckmäßigerweise vollzieht dabei die zumindest eine Formgebungseinheit und/oder die gesamte Formgebungsvorrichtung eine Hin- und Herbewegung bzw. eine Vorwärts- und Rückwärtsbewegung schräg zur Extrusionsrichtung bzw. zur Längsrichtung des Stranges. Es liegt dabei im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass lediglich bei der Hinbewegung bzw. bei der Vorwärtsbewegung ein Strukturelement bzw. Strukturelemente in die Strangoberfläche eingebracht werden und dass die Herbewegung bzw. die Rückwärtsbewegung als Leerhub ausgeführt wird, ohne dass dabei eine Strukturierung der Strangoberfläche erfolgt.The at least one shaping unit and / or the entire shaping device is oscillating - preferably periodically oscillating - Movable at an angle to the extrusion direction or to the longitudinal direction of the strand. The at least one shaping unit and / or the entire shaping device expediently carries out a back and forth movement or a forward and backward movement obliquely to the extrusion direction or to the longitudinal direction of the strand. It is within the scope of the invention that a structural element or structural elements are introduced into the strand surface only during the forward movement or the forward movement and that the upward movement or the backward movement is carried out as an idle stroke without the strand surface being structured.

Es liegt weiterhin im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Strukturierung der Oberfläche des Stranges durch Abschneiden bzw. Abschälen dünner Schichten der Strangoberfläche erzielt wird. Gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung kann die Strukturtiefe der in die Strangoberfläche eingebrachten Strukturelemente durch verstellbare Anstellung der gesamten Formgebungseinrichtung und/oder der zumindest einen Formgebungseinheit bzw. der Formgebungseinheiten variiert werden. Auch insoweit zeichnet sich die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung durch eine optimale Flexibilität und Variabilität im Hinblick auf die Strukturierung der Strangoberfläche aus.It is also within the scope of the invention that the structuring of the surface of the strand is achieved by cutting or peeling off thin layers of the strand surface. According to an embodiment variant of the device according to the invention, the structure depth of the structural elements introduced into the strand surface can be varied by adjustable adjustment of the entire shaping device and / or of the at least one shaping unit or the shaping units. In this respect too, the device according to the invention is characterized by optimum flexibility and variability with regard to the structuring of the strand surface.

Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Extrusionsrichtung hinter der Extruderpresse eine Mehrzahl von Formgebungsvorrichtungen hintereinander angeordnet sind. Empfohlenermaßen weist jede diese Formgebungsvorrichtung zumindest eine Formgebungseinheit auf, die über der zu strukturierenden Oberfläche des Stranges schräg zur Extrusionsrichtung des Stranges bzw. schräg zur Längsrichtung des Stranges bewegbar ist, so dass dadurch Strukturelemente in die zu strukturierende Strangoberfläche eingebringbar sind. Nach einer Ausführungsvariante der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist an jeder der hinter der Extruderpresse hintereinander angeordneten Formgebungsvorrichtungen eine Mehrzahl von Formgebungseinheiten angebracht, die schräg zur Extrusionsrichtung des Stranges bewegbar ist.An embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a plurality of shaping devices are arranged one behind the other in the extrusion direction behind the extrusion press. Each shaping device preferably has at least one shaping unit which can be moved obliquely to the extrusion direction of the strand or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the strand over the surface of the strand to be structured, so that structural elements can thereby be introduced into the strand surface to be structured. According to an embodiment of the invention The device has a plurality of shaping units attached to each of the shaping devices arranged behind the extruder press, which can be moved obliquely to the extrusion direction of the strand.

Zur Lösung des technischen Problems lehrt die Erfindung weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Klinkerriemchen, wobei ein Strang aus plastifizierter Masse - insbesondere aus plastifizierter Keramikmasse - extrudiert bzw. stranggepresst wird, wobei im Anschluss daran Strukturelemente in zumindest eine zu strukturierende Oberfläche des plastifizierten Stranges mittels zumindest einer Formgebungsvorrichtung mit einer Mehrzahl von Formgebungseinheiten eingebracht werden, wobei anschließend Riemchenabschnitte von dem Strang abgetrennt werden und vorzugsweise daraufhin getrocknet und/oder gebrannt werden,
wobei die Formgebungseinheiten in einer Richtung schräg zur Extrusionsrichtung des Stranges bzw. schräg zur Längsrichtung des Stranges bewegt werden, so dass mittels der Formgebungseinheiten Strukturelemente in die zu strukturierende Oberfläche des Stranges eingebracht werden
und wobei die Bewegung der Formgebungseinheiten mit der Maßgabe erfolgt, dass die in die Oberfläche des Stranges eingebrachten Strukturelemente querinsbesondere senkrecht bzw. im Wesentlichen senkrecht - zur Extrusionsrichtung des Stranges bzw. zur Längsrichtung des Stranges und zur Längserstreckung der abzutrennenden Riemchenabschnitte bzw. der Klinkerriemchen angeordnet sind.To solve the technical problem, the invention further teaches a method for producing clinker brick slips, wherein a strand of plasticized mass - in particular of plasticized ceramic mass - is extruded or extruded, with structural elements subsequently in at least one surface of the plasticized strand to be structured by means of at least a shaping device with a plurality of shaping units can be introduced, strapping sections then being separated from the strand and then preferably dried and / or fired,
wherein the shaping units are moved in a direction oblique to the extrusion direction of the strand or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the strand, so that structural elements are introduced into the surface of the strand to be structured by means of the shaping units
and wherein the movement of the shaping units takes place with the proviso that the structural elements introduced into the surface of the strand are arranged transversely, in particular perpendicularly or essentially perpendicularly - to the extrusion direction of the strand or to the longitudinal direction of the strand and to the longitudinal extension of the strap sections to be separated or the clinker strap ,

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bewegungsrichtung der Schrägbewegung der zumindest einen Formgebungseinheit und/oder der zumindest einen Formgebungsvorrichtung mit der Extrusionsrichtung des Stranges bzw. mit der Längsrichtung des Stranges einen Winkel α einschließt. Zweckmäßigerweise ist der Winkel α kleiner als 90°, vorzugsweise kleiner als 85° und bevorzugt kleiner als 80°. Es empfiehlt sich, dass der Winkel α zwischen 25° und 75°, zweckmäßigerweise zwischen 30° und 70° liegt.A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the direction of movement of the oblique movement of the at least one shaping unit and / or the at least one shaping device encloses an angle α with the extrusion direction of the strand or with the longitudinal direction of the strand. The angle α is expediently less than 90 °, preferably less than 85 ° and preferably less than 80 °. It is recommended that the angle α be between 25 ° and 75 °, advantageously between 30 ° and 70 °.

Nach der Formgebung in der zumindest einen Formgebungsvorrichtung wird der an seiner Oberfläche strukturierte Strang durch eine Schneideinrichtung geführt, in der Riemchenabschnitte von dem Strang abgetrennt bzw. abgeschnitten werden. Die Abtrennung erfolgt zweckmäßigerweise mit der Maßgabe, dass die Länge der abgetrennten Riemchenabschnitte im Wesentlichen der Länge der herzustellenden Klinkerriemchen entspricht. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die abgetrennten Riemchenabschnitte im Anschluss an den Schneidvorgang getrocknet und/oder gebrannt werden. Es versteht sich, dass beim Trocknen und/oder Brennen auch eine Änderung der Länge der Riemchenabschnitte stattfinden kann. Anschließend können die auf diese Weise hergestellten Klinkerriemchen ihrer Verwendung zugeführt werden. Das Brennen der Riemchenabschnitte erfolgt zweckmäßigerweise in einem geeigneten Ofen, beispielsweise in einem Tunnelofen.After the shaping in the at least one shaping device, the strand structured on its surface is passed through a cutting device in which apron sections are separated or cut off from the strand. The separation is expediently carried out with the proviso that the length of the strapped sections of the straps essentially corresponds to the length of the clinker straps to be produced. It is within the scope of the invention that the separated apron sections are dried and / or fired after the cutting process. It goes without saying that the length of the apron sections can also change during drying and / or firing. The clinker brick slips produced in this way can then be used. The strapping sections are expediently fired in a suitable furnace, for example in a tunnel furnace.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Strukturierung der Strangoberfläche durch Abschälen oder Abschneiden dünner Schichtabschnitte der Strangoberfläche erzielt werden kann. Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann der Winkel α während des Betriebs der Vorrichtung verändert werden, so dass auf diese Weise Variationen der in die Strangoberfläche eingebrachten Strukturierungen bzw. Strukturelemente erreicht werden können.It is within the scope of the invention that the structuring of the strand surface can be achieved by peeling or cutting off thin layer sections of the strand surface. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the angle α can be changed during the operation of the device, so that in this way variations in the structuring or structural elements introduced into the strand surface can be achieved.

Zweckmäßigerweise schließt die Längsrichtung eines Strukturelementes mit der Extrusionsrichtung bzw. mit der Längsrichtung des Stranges einen Winkel β von 70° bis 110°, insbesondere von 80° bis 100° und vorzugsweise von 85° bis 95° ein. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden lineare bzw. im Wesentlichen lineare Strukturelemente in die Strangoberfläche eingebracht. Wenn die in die Strangoberfläche eingebrachten Strukturelemente nicht linear bzw. nicht exakt linear sind, ist bei dieser Ausführungsform mit der Längsrichtung des Strukturelementes die Längsrichtung des längsten linearen Abschnittes des Strukturelementes gemeint.The longitudinal direction of a structural element expediently includes an angle β from 70 ° to 110 °, in particular from 80 ° to 100 ° and preferably from 85 ° to 95 °, with the extrusion direction or with the longitudinal direction of the strand. According to one embodiment of the invention, linear or essentially linear structural elements are introduced into the strand surface. If the structural elements introduced into the strand surface are not linear or not exactly linear, in this embodiment the longitudinal direction of the structural element means the longitudinal direction of the longest linear section of the structural element.

Gemäß einer empfohlenen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann der Winkel α zwischen einerseits der Bewegungsrichtung der zumindest einen Formgebungseinheit und/oder der zumindest einen Formgebungsvorrichtung und andererseits der Extrusionsrichtung bzw. Längsrichtung des Stranges, während der Extrusion und/oder während der Formgebung bzw. Strukturierung der Strangoberfläche variiert werden. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann während des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens die Geschwindigkeit der Schrägbewegung der zumindest einen Formgebungseinheit und/oder der zumindest einen Formgebungsvorrichtung variiert werden und/oder die Extrusionsgeschwindigkeit des Stranges kann variiert werden. Durch die Variation des Winkels α und/oder die Variation der Geschwindigkeit der Schrägbewegung und/oder der Extrusionsgeschwindigkeit können in vorteilhafter Weise mannigfaltige Variationen der Strukturierungen erzielt werden.According to a recommended embodiment of the method according to the invention, the angle α can be between the direction of movement of the at least one shaping unit and / or the at least one shaping device and the extrusion direction or longitudinal direction of the strand, during extrusion and / or during the shaping or structuring of the strand surface can be varied. Additionally or alternatively, the speed of the oblique movement of the at least one shaping unit and / or the at least one shaping device can be varied and / or the extrusion speed of the strand can be varied during the method according to the invention. The variation of the angle α and / or the variation of the speed of the oblique movement and / or the extrusion speed can advantageously be used to achieve diverse variations in the structuring.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens - der im Rahmen der Erfindung besondere Bedeutung zukommt - ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Geschwindigkeiten mit der Maßgabe eingestellt werden, dass der Geschwindigkeitsvektor v S der Geschwindigkeit des an der Formgebungsvorrichtung entlangbewegten Stranges und der Geschwindigkeitsvektor v F der Geschwindigkeit der schräg bewegten zumindest einen Formgebungseinheit und/oder der schräg bewegten Formgebungseinrichtung ein rechtwinkliges Dreieck aufspannen. Es versteht sich, dass dabei die beiden Geschwindigkeitsvektoren vom gleichen Ausgangspunkt ausgehen müssen. Diese Ausführungsform hat sich im Hinblick auf die gezielte Einbringung von Strukturelementen in die Strangoberfläche besonders bewährt.A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention - which is of particular importance in the context of the invention - is characterized in that the speeds are set with the proviso that the speed vector v S the speed of the at the molding device along the strand and the velocity vector v F form a right-angled triangle for the speed of the obliquely moved at least one shaping unit and / or the obliquely moved shaping device. It goes without saying that the two speed vectors must start from the same starting point. This embodiment has proven particularly useful with regard to the targeted introduction of structural elements into the strand surface.

Eine empfohlene Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Strukturtiefe der in die Strangoberfläche eingebrachten Strukturelemente durch Veränderung des Abstandes der zumindest einen Formgebungseinrichtung und/oder der zumindest einen Formgebungseinheit zur Oberfläche des Stranges verändert werden kann. Auch insoweit ergeben sich vorteilhafte Variationsmöglichkeiten. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann der genannte Abstand während es erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens variiert werden.A recommended embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the structure depth of the structural elements introduced into the strand surface can be changed by changing the distance of the at least one shaping device and / or the at least one shaping unit from the surface of the strand. In this respect there are also advantageous possible variations. According to one embodiment of the invention, the distance mentioned can be varied during the method according to the invention.

Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung und mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum einen eine sehr einfache, wenig aufwendige und funktionssichere Einbringung von Strukturelementen in die Oberfläche des zu strukturierenden Stranges möglich ist. Zum anderen erlaubt die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eine einfache und vielfältige Variation der eingebrachten Strukturelemente, so dass unerwünschte Wiederholungseffekte quasi nicht auftreten bzw. vollständig vermieden werden können. Diese Flexibilität der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird durch die variablen Einstellungsmöglichkeiten an den Komponenten der Vorrichtung noch erhöht. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bzw. der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung können fernerhin Riemchenabschnitte bzw. Klinkerriemchen verhältnismäßig zügig und nichtsdestoweniger quasi ausschussfrei erzeugt werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist nichtsdestoweniger einen verhältnismäßig einfachen und wenig komplexen Aufbau auf. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren lässt sich mit relativ geringen Kosten realisieren.The invention is based on the knowledge that with the device according to the invention and with the method according to the invention, on the one hand, very simple, inexpensive and functionally reliable introduction of structural elements into the surface of the strand to be structured is possible. On the other hand, the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention allow a simple and varied variation of the introduced structural elements, so that undesired repetition effects practically do not occur or can be completely avoided. This flexibility of the device according to the invention is further increased by the variable setting options on the components of the device. With the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention, brick sections or clinker brick can also be moved relatively quickly and nonetheless, are generated virtually without rejects. The device according to the invention nonetheless has a relatively simple and less complex structure. The method according to the invention can be implemented at relatively low costs.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand einer lediglich ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen in schematischer Darstellung:

Fig. 1
eine Draufsicht auf eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
Fig. 2
eine Seitenansicht des Gegenstandes aus Fig. 1 und
Fig. 3
eine Seitenansicht einer bevorzugten Formgebungsvorrichtung der Vorrichtung.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of a drawing which represents only one exemplary embodiment. In a schematic representation:
Fig. 1
a plan view of an apparatus for performing the method according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a side view of the object Fig. 1 and
Fig. 3
a side view of a preferred shaping device of the device.

Die Figuren zeigen eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bzw. zur Herstellung von Klinkerriemchen 1. Im Ausführungsbeispiel weist die Vorrichtung eine Extruderpresse 2 für die Extrusion bzw. für ein Strangpressen eines Stranges 3, 3' aus plastifizierter Keramikmasse auf. Im Ausführungsbeispiel (s. insbesondere Fig. 1) wird die plastifizierte Keramikmasse als Doppelstrang aus zwei Strängen 3, 3' extrudiert. In Extrusionsrichtung hinter der Extruderpresse 2 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel eine Formgebungsvorrichtung 4 zum Einbringen von Strukturelementen 5 in die zu strukturierende Oberfläche der Stränge 3, 3' vorgesehen. Der Formgebungsvorrichtung 4 ist zweckmäßigerweise und im Ausführungsbeispiel eine Schneideinrichtung 6 zur Abtrennung von Riemchenabschnitten von den Strängen 3, 3' nachgeschaltet.The figures show a device for carrying out the method according to the invention or for producing clinker brick slips 1. In the exemplary embodiment, the device has an extruder press 2 for extrusion or for extruding a strand 3, 3 'made of plasticized ceramic material. In the exemplary embodiment (see in particular Fig. 1 ) the plasticized ceramic mass is extruded as a double strand from two strands 3, 3 '. A shaping device 4 for introducing structural elements 5 into the surface of the strands 3, 3 ′ to be structured is provided in the exemplary embodiment in the extrusion direction behind the extruder press 2. The shaping device 4 is expediently, and in the exemplary embodiment, a cutting device 6 for separating strap sections from the strands 3, 3 '.

Die Formgebungsvorrichtung 4 weist zumindest eine Formgebungseinheit 7 auf, die über der zu strukturierenden Oberfläche des Stranges 3, 3' schräg zur Extrusionsrichtung des Stranges 3, 3' bzw. schräg zur Längsrichtung des Stranges 3, 3' bewegt wird. Dadurch werden die Strukturelemente 5 in die zu strukturierende Oberfläche des Stranges 3, 3' eingebracht. Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform und im Ausführungsbeispiel weist die Formgebungsvorrichtung 4 eine Mehrzahl von als Formgebungsbürsten ausgebildeten Formgebungseinheiten 7 auf (s. insbesondere Fig. 3). Die als Formgebungsbürsten ausgebildeten Formgebungseinheiten 7 werden im Ausführungsbeispiel entlang der Formgebungsvorrichtung 4 bzw. in Längsrichtung der Formgebungsvorrichtung 4 bewegt.The shaping device 4 has at least one shaping unit 7 which is moved obliquely to the extrusion direction of the strand 3, 3 'or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the strand 3, 3' over the surface of the strand 3, 3 'to be structured. As a result, the structural elements 5 are introduced into the surface of the strand 3, 3 'to be structured. According to a preferred embodiment and in the exemplary embodiment, the shaping device 4 has a plurality of shaping units 7 designed as shaping brushes (see in particular Fig. 3 ). The shaping units 7 designed as shaping brushes are moved in the exemplary embodiment along the shaping device 4 or in the longitudinal direction of the shaping device 4.

Vorzugsweise und im Ausführungsbeispiel schließt die Bewegungsrichtung der Formgebungseinheit 7 bzw. der Formgebungseinheiten 7 mit der Extrusionsrichtung des Stranges 3, 3' bzw. mit der Längsrichtung des Stranges 3, 3' einen Winkel α ein (in Fig. 1 eingezeichnet). Zweckmäßigerweise und im Ausführungsbeispiel ist dieser Winkel α kleiner als 90°, empfohlenermaßen kleiner als 85°, bevorzugt kleiner als 80° und sehr bevorzugt kleiner als 75°. Es empfiehlt sich, dass der Winkel α 25° bis 75° beträgt, zweckmäßigerweise 30° bis 70°.Preferably and in the exemplary embodiment, the direction of movement of the shaping unit 7 or of the shaping units 7 includes an angle α with the extrusion direction of the strand 3, 3 'or with the longitudinal direction of the strand 3, 3' (in Fig. 1 ) Located. Appropriately and in the exemplary embodiment, this angle α is less than 90 °, recommended less than 85 °, preferably less than 80 ° and very preferably less than 75 °. It is recommended that the angle α is 25 ° to 75 °, advantageously 30 ° to 70 °.

Wie bereits dargelegt weist eine erfindungsgemäße Formgebungsvorrichtung 4 vorzugsweise und im Ausführungsbeispiel (Fig. 3) eine Mehrzahl von Formgebungseinheiten 7 auf, insbesondere 2 bis 30, vorzugsweise 2 bis 20 Formgebungseinheiten 7. Im Ausführungsbeispiel (Fig. 3) ist die Formgebungsvorrichtung 4 mit neun als Formgebungsbürsten ausgebildeten Formgebungseinheiten 7 ausgestattet. Die Borsten 8 der Formgebungsbürsten beaufschlagen bei der Bewegung der Formgebungsbürsten bzw. Formgebungseinheiten 7 die Oberfläche des Stranges 3, 3', so dass auf diese Weise die Strukturelemente 5 in die zu strukturierende Strangoberfläche eingebracht werden.As already explained, a shaping device 4 according to the invention preferably and in the exemplary embodiment ( Fig. 3 ) a plurality of shaping units 7, in particular 2 to 30, preferably 2 to 20 shaping units 7. In the exemplary embodiment ( Fig. 3 ), the shaping device 4 is equipped with nine shaping units 7 designed as shaping brushes. The bristles 8 of the shaping brushes act on the surface of the strand 3, 3 'during the movement of the shaping brushes or shaping units 7, so that the structural elements 5 are introduced into the strand surface to be structured in this way.

Die erfindungsgemäße Schrägbewegung einer Formgebungseinheit 7 bzw. der Formgebungseinheiten 7 wird nachfolgend an dem in den Figuren dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel erläutert. Vorzugsweise und im Ausführungsbeispiel ist die gesamte Formgebungsvorrichtung 4 schräg und zwar mit dem Winkel α zur Extrusionsrichtung des Stranges 3, 3' bzw. zur Längsrichtung des Stranges 3, 3' angeordnet. Vorzugsweise und im Ausführungsbeispiel werden die an die Formgebungsvorrichtung 4 angeschlossenen Formgebungseinheiten 7 kontinuierlich schräg zur Extrusionsrichtung bzw. zur Längsrichtung des Stranges 3, 3' bewegt. Dazu sind nach bevorzugter Ausführungsform und im Ausführungsbeispiel die Formgebungseinheiten 7 an einem Endlosstrang 9 angeschlossen, der im Ausführungsbeispiel als Endloskette ausgebildet sein kann. Der Endlosstrang 9 läuft schräg zur Extrusionsrichtung bzw. zur Längsrichtung des Stranges 3, 3' kontinuierlich um. Zweckmäßigerweise und im Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Formgebungsvorrichtung 4 oberhalb des zu strukturierenden Stranges 3, 3' angeordnet. Beim Endlos-Umlauf der Formgebungseinheiten 7 kommen die Borsten 8 der an der Unterseite der Formgebungsvorrichtung 4 bewegten Formgebungsbürsten bzw. Formgebungseinheiten 7 mit der Oberfläche des plastifizierten Stranges 3, 3' in Kontakt, so dass bevorzugt im Ausführungsbeispiel linienförmige Strukturelemente 5 in die zu strukturierende Strangoberfläche eingebracht werden.The inclined movement according to the invention of a shaping unit 7 or of the shaping units 7 is explained below using the preferred exemplary embodiment shown in the figures. Preferably, and in the exemplary embodiment, the entire shaping device 4 is arranged obliquely, namely with the angle α to the extrusion direction of the strand 3, 3 'or to the longitudinal direction of the strand 3, 3'. Preferably, and in the exemplary embodiment, the shaping units 7 connected to the shaping device 4 are moved continuously at an angle to the extrusion direction or to the longitudinal direction of the strand 3, 3 '. For this purpose, according to a preferred embodiment and in the exemplary embodiment, the shaping units 7 are connected to an endless strand 9, which in the exemplary embodiment can be designed as an endless chain. The endless strand 9 runs continuously at an angle to the extrusion direction or to the longitudinal direction of the strand 3, 3 '. Advantageously and in the exemplary embodiment, the shaping device 4 is arranged above the strand 3, 3 'to be structured. During the endless circulation of the shaping units 7, the bristles 8 of the shaping brushes or shaping units 7 moved on the underside of the shaping device 4 come into contact with the surface of the plasticized strand 3, 3 ′, so that in the exemplary embodiment linear structural elements 5 preferably come into contact with the strand surface to be structured be introduced.

Es liegt somit im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Bewegung bzw. Schrägbewegung der Formgebungseinheiten 7 mit der Maßgabe erfolgt, dass die in die Oberfläche des Stranges 3, 3' eingebrachten Strukturelemente 5 bzw. linienförmige Strukturelemente 5 quer und zwar bevorzugt und im Ausführungsbeispiel senkrecht zur Extrusionsrichtung des Stranges 3, 3' bzw. zur Längsrichtung des Stranges 3, 3' angeordnet sind. Im Ausführungsbeispiel schließt die Längsrichtung der Strukturelemente 5 mit der Extrusionsrichtung bzw. mit der Längsrichtung des Stranges 3, 3' jeweils einen Winkel β von 90° ein. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass dieser Winkel β zwischen 70° und 110°, bevorzugt zwischen 80° und 100° und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 85° und 95° liegt.It is therefore within the scope of the invention that the movement or oblique movement of the shaping units 7 takes place with the proviso that the structural elements 5 or linear structural elements 5 introduced into the surface of the strand 3, 3 'are preferred, and in the exemplary embodiment, perpendicular to Extrusion direction of the strand 3, 3 'or to the longitudinal direction of the strand 3, 3' are arranged. In the exemplary embodiment, the longitudinal direction of the structural elements 5 closes with the extrusion direction or with the Longitudinal direction of the strand 3, 3 'each have an angle β of 90 °. It is within the scope of the invention that this angle β is between 70 ° and 110 °, preferably between 80 ° and 100 ° and particularly preferably between 85 ° and 95 °.

Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Geschwindigkeiten der Extrusion einerseits und der Formgebungseinheiten 7 andererseits mit der Maßgabe eingestellt werden, dass der Geschwindigkeitsvektor v S der Geschwindigkeit des an der Formgebungsvorrichtung 4 entlangbewegten Stranges 3, 3' und der Geschwindigkeitsvektor v F der Geschwindigkeit der Formgebungseinheiten 7 ein rechtwinkliges Dreieck aufspannen. Dieses von den Vektoren v S und v F aufgespannte rechtwinklige Dreieck ist in einem Ausschnitt der Fig. 1 dargestellt. Die Geschwindigkeitsvektoren v S und v F gehen dabei natürlich von dem gleichen Ausgangspunkt aus.A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the speeds of the extrusion on the one hand and of the shaping units 7 on the other hand are set with the proviso that the speed vector v S the speed of the strand 3, 3 'moving along the shaping device 4 and the speed vector v F the speed of the shaping units 7 span a right-angled triangle. This from the vectors v S and v F spanned right triangle is in a section of the Fig. 1 shown. The speed vectors v S and v F naturally assume the same starting point.

Gemäß besonders bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann im Betrieb der Vorrichtung der Winkel α variiert werden und/oder die Geschwindigkeit v F der Formgebungseinheiten 7 und/oder die Geschwindigkeit der Extrusion verändert werden. Dadurch ergeben sich viele Variationsmöglichkeiten bezüglich der in die Oberfläche des Stranges 3, 3' einzubringenden Strukturierungen. Eine empfohlene Ausführungsform ist weiterhin dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Formgebungsvorrichtung 4 und/oder die Formgebungseinheiten 7 bezüglich ihres Abstandes zur Oberfläche des Stranges 3, 3' verändert werden können. Diese mögliche Abstandsveränderung wird in der Fig. 2 durch einen Doppelpfeil angedeutet. Auf diese Weise kann auch die Strukturtiefe der Strukturelemente 5 variiert werden und zwar vorzugsweise auch im Betrieb der Vorrichtung variiert werden.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the angle α and / or the speed can be varied during operation of the device v F of the shaping units 7 and / or the speed of the extrusion can be changed. This results in many possible variations with regard to the structuring to be introduced into the surface of the strand 3, 3 '. A recommended embodiment is further characterized in that the shaping device 4 and / or the shaping units 7 can be changed with regard to their distance from the surface of the strand 3, 3 '. This possible change in distance is in the Fig. 2 indicated by a double arrow. In this way, the structure depth of the structural elements 5 can also be varied, and preferably also varied during operation of the device.

Claims (14)

  1. A method for manufacturing clinker fillets (1),
    - with at least one extrusion press (2) for extruding at least one extrudate (3, 3') of a plasticized mass, particularly a plasticized ceramic mass,
    - with at least one forming device (4) for producing structure elements (5) in at least one surface of the plasticized extrudate (3, 3') to be structured,
    - and with at least one cutting device (6) for separating fillet sections from the extrudate (3, 3'),
    wherein the at least one forming device (4) comprises a plurality of forming units (7), which can be moved over the surface of the extrudate (3, 3') to be structured in a direction that respectively extends obliquely to the extruding direction of the extrudate (3, 3') or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the extrudate such that structure elements (5) can thereby be produced in the surface to be structured, and
    wherein the motion of the forming units (7) takes place in such a way that the structure elements (5) produced in the surface of the extrudate (3, 3') are respectively arranged transverse - particularly perpendicular or essentially perpendicular - to the extruding direction of the extrudate (3, 3') or to the longitudinal direction of the extrudate (3, 3'),
    characterized in that
    the forming units (7) and/or the at least one forming device (4) can be respectively moved obliquely to the extruding direction or the longitudinal direction of the extrudate (3, 3') in an oscillating manner - preferably in a periodically oscillating manner.
  2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the moving direction of the forming units (7) respectively includes an angle α with the extruding direction or with the longitudinal direction of the extrudate (3, 3'), wherein this angle α is smaller than 90°, preferably smaller than 85°, particularly smaller than 80°, and wherein the angle α particularly amounts to 25° to 80°, preferably to 30° to 75°.
  3. The device according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the at least one forming device (4) comprises 2 to 70 forming units, preferably 10 to 65 forming units, particularly 15 to 55 forming units, especially 15 to 50 forming units, which can be respectively moved obliquely to the extruding direction or to the longitudinal direction of the extrudate.
  4. The device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a forming unit (7) is realized in the form of a forming brush, a forming sponge, a forming lip, a forming scraper or a forming wire.
  5. The device according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one forming device (4) is respectively arranged obliquely - particularly with an angle α - to the extruding direction of the extrudate (3, 3') or to the longitudinal direction of the extrudate (3, 3'), wherein the at least one forming device (4) can be respectively moved over the surface of the extrudate (3, 3') to be structured obliquely to the extruding direction or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the extrudate (3, 3'), and wherein particularly the moving direction of the forming device (4) respectively includes the or a angle α with the extruding direction or with the longitudinal direction of the extrudate (3, 3').
  6. The device according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the forming units (7) can be continuously moved obliquely to the extruding direction or to the longitudinal direction of the extrudate (3, 3'), respectively.
  7. The device according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the forming units (7) are fixed on at least one endless strand - particularly on an endless chain, an endless toothed belt or an endless belt (9) - and continuously revolve with the endless strand (9) obliquely to the extruding direction or to the longitudinal direction of the extrudate, respectively.
  8. The device according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a plurality of forming devices (4) are arranged behind one another downstream of the extrusion press (2) referred to the extruding direction, and wherein each of these forming devices comprises at least one forming unit (7), which can be respectively moved over the surface of the extrudate (3, 3') to be structured obliquely to the extruding direction of the extrudate (3, 3') or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the extrudate (3, 3') such that structure elements (5) can thereby be produced in the surface to be structured.
  9. A method for manufacturing clinker fillets - particularly with a device according to one of claims 1 to 8 - wherein an extrudate (3, 3') of a plasticized mass - particularly a plasticized ceramic mass - is extruded, wherein structure elements (5) are subsequently produced in at least one surface of the plasticized extrudate (3, 3') to be structured by means of at least one forming device (4) with a plurality of forming units (7), wherein fillet sections are subsequently separated from the extrudate (3, 3') and then preferably dried and/or fired,
    wherein the forming units (7) are moved in a direction that respectively extends obliquely to the extruding direction of the extrudate (3, 3') or to the longitudinal direction of the extrudate (3, 3') such that structure elements (5) are produced in the surface of the extrudate (3, 3') to be structured by means of the forming units (7), and
    wherein the motion of the forming units (7) takes place in such a way that the structure elements (5) produced in the surface of the extrudate (3, 3') are respectively arranged transverse - particularly perpendicular or essentially perpendicular - to the extruding direction of the extrudate (3, 3') or to the longitudinal direction of the extrudate (3, 3') and to the longitudinal direction of the fillet sections or the clinker fillets (1) to be separated.
  10. The method according to claim 11, wherein the moving direction of the oblique motions of the forming units (7) and/or the at least one forming device (4) respectively includes an angle α, which is smaller than 90°, preferably smaller than 85°, particularly smaller than 80°, with the extruding direction or with the longitudinal direction of the extrudate (3, 3').
  11. The method according to one of claims 9 or 10, wherein the longitudinal direction of a structure element (5) respectively includes an angle β of 80° to 100°, preferably 85° to 95°, with the extruding direction or with the longitudinal direction of the extrudate (3, 3').
  12. The method according to one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the angle α between the moving direction of the forming units (7) and/or the at least one forming device (4) on the one hand and the extruding direction or the longitudinal direction of the extrudate (3, 3') on the other hand respectively is or can be varied during the extrusion and/or during the forming or structuring of the surface of the extrudate (3, 3').
  13. The method according to one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the speeds are adjusted in such a way that the speed vector v S of the speed of the extrudate (3, 3') being moved along the at least one forming device (4) and the speed vector v F of the speed of the moving forming units (7) and/or the at least one moving forming device (4) span a right-angled triangle.
  14. The method according to one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the speed of the motion of the forming units (7) and/or the at least one forming device (4) is varied.
EP17151373.2A 2017-01-13 2017-01-13 Device and method for the preparation of klinker tiles Active EP3348369B1 (en)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3268637A (en) * 1960-04-16 1966-08-23 Aton G M B H Process for the continuous production of thin-walled ceramic tiles

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1293076A (en) * 1914-02-11 1919-02-04 Nat Fire Proofing Company Method of producing building-blocks.
US2778086A (en) * 1953-02-20 1957-01-22 Alliance Clay Product Company Apparatus for scoring column from which bricks are made

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3268637A (en) * 1960-04-16 1966-08-23 Aton G M B H Process for the continuous production of thin-walled ceramic tiles

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