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EP3345267B1 - Spark gap arrangement - Google Patents

Spark gap arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3345267B1
EP3345267B1 EP16738437.9A EP16738437A EP3345267B1 EP 3345267 B1 EP3345267 B1 EP 3345267B1 EP 16738437 A EP16738437 A EP 16738437A EP 3345267 B1 EP3345267 B1 EP 3345267B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow body
chamber
spark gap
wall
electrodes
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EP16738437.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3345267A1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang DÄUMER
Frank Werner
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TDK Electronics AG
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TDK Electronics AG
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Publication of EP3345267A1 publication Critical patent/EP3345267A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/04—Housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed

Definitions

  • a spark In the case of a spark gap, a spark is generated in a discharge space between two electrodes, which short-circuits the electrodes as soon as the voltage between the two electrodes rises to a flashover voltage.
  • an ignition mechanism triggers the spark formation.
  • the discharge space can be shaped by a hollow cylindrical component body, for example made of ceramic, and electrodes arranged on the end face which form a chamber.
  • spark gaps for the function and use of spark gaps, in particular triggered spark gaps, it is desirable that their switching behavior is not only reliable when the spark gap is new, but also remains stable and reliable over the course of its entire service life.
  • the pre-igniters can be promoted by vapor deposition of the component body by metal deposited by the electrodes. This creates the isolation between the electrodes are reduced with advancing age of the spark gap and pre-igniters are favored.
  • the invention described is intended to achieve a significant reduction in the undesired pre-igniters even as the service life of the arrangement progresses.
  • the pamphlets GB 1 389 142 A and JP 2006-024423 A show spark gaps with depressions in the component body inner wall.
  • the ratio between the main distance between the electrodes and the distance between the inner wall of the hollow body and the electrode area protruding into the interior of the chamber is between 0.75 and 1.
  • the ratio between the main distance between the electrodes and the distance between the inner wall of the hollow body and the electrode area protruding into the interior of the chamber is between 1.5 and 2.
  • a hollow body is an essentially tubular body with any, preferably round, cross-section, the diameter of which, however, can be greater than its length.
  • the open ends of the hollow body are the end faces.
  • its lateral surfaces between the end faces do not necessarily only run axially, but also have at least one indentation that runs around the inner surface.
  • the indentation can be a gradation with an area running essentially radially and an area running axially essentially perpendicular thereto. The latter is associated with a change in the internal cross-section of the hollow body and / or a change in thickness of the hollow body wall.
  • Other, for example rounded, cross-sections of the depression are conceivable.
  • the electrodes are electrical conductors that are arranged in the frontal area of the hollow body, so that the electrode and hollow cylinder walls form a chamber that the Discharge space is.
  • the longitudinal axis of the arrangement runs between the electrodes and, in the case of a rotationally symmetrical arrangement, is also the axis of symmetry of the arrangement or at least some of its components.
  • the electrodes are preferably connected to the hollow body in a gas-tight manner. The connection can be such that the electrodes are placed on the end faces of the hollow body without touching the inner jacket. Alternatively, the fastening can take place in such a way that the electrodes also touch the frontal area of the inner jacket. Nevertheless, the chamber is expanded radially in the contact area between the electrodes and the hollow body.
  • the depression in the hollow cylinder on one or both end faces of the chamber creates an area that cannot be reached by metal vapor deposition of the arc discharges in the main electrode gap.
  • the radially or essentially radially extending areas of the depression remain without vapor deposition. Residual insulation between the electrodes along the inner surface of the hollow body can thus be maintained even as the service life progresses.
  • the depression prevents early ignition. With a suitable dimensioning of the depression, the function of the spark gap is still reliable even with a high accumulated number of pulses and highly conductive condensed deposits in other areas of the hollow body and pre-igniters can be prevented. This makes it possible to produce triggered spark gaps with an increased service life.
  • the hollow body preferably has depressions on both end faces, so that between the two transitions Hollow body and electrodes an insulation barrier is present despite possible vapor deposition.
  • This residual insulation between the electrodes creates a so-called "floating potential" on the inner wall of the hollow body between the depressions at the moment when it is slightly covered with a condensed conductive layer resulting from the metallic vapor deposition of the main discharge.
  • the potential is no longer based on the main electrodes on the side, but will be at the center potential between the main electrodes, that is to say at approximately 0 volts or half the self-breakdown voltage.
  • the electrodes can each have an area which protrudes into the interior of the chamber and is, for example, pin-shaped, cylindrical or dome-shaped.
  • the desired course of the sparkover can be directed to the area between the electrode ends, on the other hand, however, this is accompanied by vapor deposition of the central area of the hollow body; however, the vapor deposition decreases in the outer areas of the hollow body.
  • the latter effect can be reinforced if the area protruding into the interior of the chamber has a side area which runs parallel to the inner wall of the hollow body.
  • the area protruding from the end face with indentation into the interior of the chamber extends further into the interior of the chamber than the area protruding from the end face without indentation into the interior of the chamber. This asymmetry reduces the vaporization in the area of the depression.
  • the main distance d is the shortest distance between the electrodes, which usually occurs between the ends of the regions protruding into the chamber.
  • a connection to the wall of the hollow body is optimally decoupled from the main discharge.
  • larger values can also be selected for the ratio d / a, i.e. d / a> 2, in the event that the rear chamber area can be kept largely free with the depression of metal vapor deposition from the main discharge gap. This can be achieved, for example, by means of an elongated chamber.
  • the ratio between the main distance between the electrodes d and the distance a between the inner wall of the hollow body and the region protruding into the interior of the chamber is greater than or equal to 0.75, preferably between 0.75 and 1.
  • the distance a between the inner wall of the hollow body and the region of the electrode protruding into the interior of the chamber and the axial length b of the gradation are preferably the same or almost the same: a ⁇ b. With this dimensioning, no discharge is possible between the inner wall of the hollow body and the end of the hollow body (metallization edge), and any discharge through the wall of the hollow body is prevented.
  • the depression advantageously has a radial depth s which is a maximum of 20% of the wall thickness of the hollow body, see above that the strength of the hollow body material, preferably a ceramic, and thus the resistance to fracture and shearing are not yet or only insignificantly reduced.
  • the ratio of the chamber height to the creepage distance along the hollow body inner jacket of the chamber is advantageously greater than or equal to 0.8, so that the gradation offers sufficient insulation protection.
  • the creepage distance is the shortest path that a possible creepage current can take between the electrodes along the inner shell of the hollow body.
  • the hollow body is a hollow circular cylinder with a recess on at least one end face for forming the depression.
  • the electrodes have a pin-shaped or dome-shaped area protruding into the interior of the chamber.
  • the electrodes have mounting flanges. These are radially extending areas for strengthening on the end faces of the hollow cylinder.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a spark gap arrangement, or spark gap for short.
  • the spark gap comprises a hollow body 1, which is designed as a hollow cylinder made of insulating material and serves as a component body.
  • the hollow body 1 is made of ceramic.
  • the hollow body 1 has an inner wall 3 in which step-shaped depressions 5 are provided on the end face.
  • the depressions 5 are radial incisions in the inner wall 3 of the hollow body 1, which are accompanied by an enlargement of the inner cross-section at the end and a reduction in the wall thickness of the hollow body 1.
  • the area of the hollow body that extends on the inside between the end faces, that is to say the top and bottom surfaces, is referred to below as the inner jacket.
  • the part of the inner jacket between the depressions 5 is referred to below as the inner wall 3.
  • the depression 5 has a radial area 7 and an axial area 9 perpendicular thereto. It should be noted that the depression 5 can have rounded edges, so that a wave-shaped cross section can also result.
  • the depth s of the recess 5 is the distance between the inner wall 3 and the axial region 9.
  • the length of the recess b is the distance between the end face of the hollow cylinder 3 and the radial region 5. The distance between the depressions 5 and thus the height of the inner wall 3 is L.
  • Electrodes 11 are fastened to the end faces of the hollow cylinder 1 and have dome-shaped areas 13 protruding into the hollow cylinder and radially extending fastening flanges 15 for fastening on the end faces of the hollow body 1.
  • the dome-shaped areas 13 have a cylindrical foot area and a rounded end protruding into the chamber.
  • a device 17 for receiving the ignition device and an ignition electrode 19 are provided in one of the electrodes 13. The main distance between the electrodes 11 is d.
  • the electrodes 11 are preferably attached to the hollow body 1 in a gas-tight manner.
  • a central recess for the ignition electrode 19, which protrudes into the dome-shaped area 13, is provided in the upper area of the electrode 11.
  • the hollow cylindrical body 1 and the electrodes 11 form a chamber 23 which serves as a discharge space.
  • the height of the chamber H is equal to the height of the hollow body 1.
  • the length of the depression b corresponds to the distance between the end face of the chamber and the radial region 7. This would be with electrodes lying on the inside of the hollow body (as in Figure 2 shown) is not the case. Nevertheless, due to the depressions 5, the chamber has radial widenings on its end faces.
  • electrodes 11 and hollow bodies 1 of the spark gap are shaped rotationally symmetrically to the longitudinal axis 21.
  • the depressions 5 can be as Punctures be formed.
  • the punctures are made on the inside of the wall from the front face. The punctures reduce the wall thickness in the area of the two hollow body ends by typically 20%, so that the strength of the ceramic and thus the resistance to fractures and shearing are not yet reduced or only insignificantly reduced.
  • an ignition pulse from ignition device 19 causes a sparkover to occur between electrodes 11.
  • Multiple sparks can cause metallic vapor to deposit on the inside of the hollow body during the service life of the spark gap.
  • the depressions 5 on the end faces of the hollow body 1 form an essentially radially extending area 7 which cannot be reached by metal vapor deposition of the arc discharges in the main electrode gap. This region 7, which runs perpendicular to the inner wall 3, remains without vapor deposition. A residual insulation between the electrodes 11 is thus always maintained.
  • the inner wall 3 with the length L running between the depressions 5 is given a so-called "floating potential" at the moment when it is slightly covered with a condensed conductive layer resulting from the metallic vapor deposition of the main discharge.
  • the potential is no longer based on the main electrodes on the side, but will be at the center potential between the main electrodes, that is to say at approximately 0 volts or half the self-breakdown voltage.
  • the distance a between Hollow body inner wall 3 and the electrode wall should have a certain ratio to the main electrode spacing d.
  • a ratio of 1.5 d / a 2 is ideal here, as this optimally decouples the connection to the hollow body wall from the main discharge.
  • higher values d / a> 2 can also be selected, in the event that the rear region of the depression 5 can be largely kept free of metal vapor deposition from the main discharge gap. Since the ceramic hollow body wall is now electrically separated from the lateral fastening flanges 15, no secondary electrical discharge can develop through the ceramic wall.
  • the length b of the depressions 5 is also in a certain ratio to the main discharge gap and should ideally correspond to the distance a between the hollow body inner wall 3 and the electrode wall: b ⁇ a.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a spark gap.
  • the electrodes 11 have depressions 25 in the interior of the chamber, which are adjacent to the vertical inner wall of the depressions 5 or can also touch them (not shown). This construction can enable a more precise assembly.
  • b is the distance between the inner wall 3 and the chamber face.
  • H is the chamber height between the end faces.
  • the Depression 25 of the electrode 11 adjacent to the axial area 9 of the depression 5 means that b can effectively be less than in the case of electrodes without a depression, that is to say that the influence of b in an electrode with a depression 25 does not correspond to the influence of an equally large b in an electrode without Corresponds to recess, but rather corresponds to a smaller b in comparison with an electrode without a recess.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a spark gap. In order to avoid repetition, the following only focuses on the differences Figure 1 received.
  • the exemplary embodiment has a depression 5 on only one of the end faces. Furthermore, one of the electrodes 11 extends further into the interior than the opposite one. The one that extends further in is the electrode that is attached to the same end face as the recess 5. This is the electrode opposite the ignition device 19, which is also referred to as the counter electrode. The distance between the depressions 5 and the non-adjacent chamber face and thus the height of the inner wall 3 is L.
  • the electrical potential can be conducted from the connected electrode via the wall to the counter electrode.
  • the ratio d / a: 0.75 d / a 1 applies in the ideal case, or also d / a> 1 in the case of ceramics that are in close contact with the electrode cylinders, in order to prevent gas discharge through the ceramics.
  • the insulation via the ceramic wall can be maintained over a long period of time while the spark gap is loaded.
  • the ratio of the chamber height to the creepage distance K should be H / K ⁇ 0.8.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a spark gap.
  • Figure 2 shows with indentation in the hollow cylinder on both ends of the chamber Figure 4 an embodiment with a depression in the hollow cylinder on only one of the end faces. This can be located either on the lower or the upper end face (not shown).
  • the provision of the depressions 5 allows pre-igniters to be prevented and, under the specified dimensioning rules, enables the switching spark gap to still work reliably and prevent pre-igniters, even with a high accumulated number of pulses and relatively well-conducting condensed deposits on the ceramic. This opens up the possibility of producing triggered spark gaps with an increased service life.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic sectional illustration of yet another exemplary embodiment of a spark gap. To avoid repetition, only the differences are discussed below.
  • This is a spark gap with depressions 5 on both end faces of the hollow body 1.
  • the electrode 11 and an ignition device 19 are provided on one end face.
  • a safety element 27 which can also be referred to by the English term “safety bush”, is attached to the counter electrode 11. It is soldered to the electrode after the spark gap has been filled with gas.
  • the depression 5 is marked by a circle.

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  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Description

Bei einer Funkenstrecke erfolgt in einem Entladungsraum zwischen zwei Elektroden eine Funkenbildung, die die Elektroden kurzschließt, sobald die Spannung zwischen den beiden Elektroden auf eine Überschlagsspannung ansteigt. Bei getriggerten Funkenstrecken löst ein Zündmechanismus die Funkenbildung aus.In the case of a spark gap, a spark is generated in a discharge space between two electrodes, which short-circuits the electrodes as soon as the voltage between the two electrodes rises to a flashover voltage. In the case of triggered spark gaps, an ignition mechanism triggers the spark formation.

Der Entladungsraum kann durch einen hohlzylinderförmigen Bauelementkörper, beispielsweise aus Keramik, und stirnseitig angeordneten Elektroden, die eine Kammer bilden, geformt sein.The discharge space can be shaped by a hollow cylindrical component body, for example made of ceramic, and electrodes arranged on the end face which form a chamber.

Für die Funktion und Anwendung von Funkenstrecken, insbesondere von getriggerten Funkenstrecken, ist es wünschenswert, dass deren Schaltverhalten nicht nur im Neuzustand der Funkenstrecke zuverlässig ist, sondern auch im Laufe der gesamten Lebensdauer stabil und zuverlässig bleibt.For the function and use of spark gaps, in particular triggered spark gaps, it is desirable that their switching behavior is not only reliable when the spark gap is new, but also remains stable and reliable over the course of its entire service life.

Wünschenswert ist während der gesamten Lebensdauer neben der Stabilität der Selbstdurchbruchspannung (kurz SBV als Akronym der englischsprachigen Bezeichnung "self breakdown voltage" für Selbstdurchbruchspannung) auch die zuverlässige Unterbindung von Zündausfällen, auch als "non-fires" bezeichnet, und Frühzündern, auch als "pre-fires" bezeichnet, sowie Mehrfachzündern bei getriggerten Funkenstrecken.In addition to the stability of the self-breakdown voltage (SBV for short, the acronym for self-breakdown voltage), reliable suppression of ignition failures, also known as "non-fires", and early igniters, also known as "pre", is desirable throughout the service life -fires "as well as multiple detonators for triggered spark gaps.

Die Frühzünder können durch eine Bedampfung des Bauelementkörpers durch von den Elektroden abgeschiedenem Metall begünstigt werden. Dadurch wird die Isolation zwischen den Elektroden mit fortschreitendem Alter der Funkenstrecke verringert und Frühzünder werden begünstigt. Eine wesentliche Verringerung der unerwünschten Frühzünder auch bei fortschreitender Lebensdauer der Anordnung soll durch die beschriebene Erfindung erreicht werden.The pre-igniters can be promoted by vapor deposition of the component body by metal deposited by the electrodes. This creates the isolation between the electrodes are reduced with advancing age of the spark gap and pre-igniters are favored. The invention described is intended to achieve a significant reduction in the undesired pre-igniters even as the service life of the arrangement progresses.

Um mit einer getriggerten Funkenstrecke eine hohe Lebensdauer bei gleichzeitig geringer Rate von fehlerhaften Frühzündern zu erhalten, sind bisher unterschiedliche Maßnahmen gegen die Frühzünder verursachende Bedampfung des Bauelementkörpers vorgeschlagen worden: beispielsweise eine Versetzung des Hauptentladungsspalts zwischen den Elektroden in einen Hinterraum, sodass der Bauelementkörper nicht bedampft werden kann, eine Platzierung des Hauptentladungsspalts einseitig in Richtung einer Hauptelektrode, um den Raum um die gegenüberliegende Elektrode nicht übermäßig zu bedampfen, oder eine Abschattung der Hinterräume um die Hauptelektroden herum durch einen eng anliegenden keramischen Bauelementkörper.In order to obtain a long service life with a simultaneously low rate of faulty pre-igniters with a triggered spark gap, various measures against vaporization of the component body causing the pre-igniter have been proposed: for example, relocating the main discharge gap between the electrodes into a back space so that the component body is not vaporized can, a placement of the main discharge gap on one side in the direction of a main electrode in order not to excessively vaporize the space around the opposite electrode, or a shadowing of the rear spaces around the main electrodes by a closely fitting ceramic component body.

Die Druckschriften GB 1 389 142 A und JP 2006-024423 A zeigen Funkenstrecken mit Einsenkungen in der Bauelementkörperinnenwand.The pamphlets GB 1 389 142 A and JP 2006-024423 A show spark gaps with depressions in the component body inner wall.

Die erfindungsgemäße Funkenstrecke ist eine Funkenstreckenanordnung, die das Problem durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 oder durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 2 löst:

  • ein Hohlkörper aus isolierendem Material, der die Hauptachse der Funkenstreckenanordnung umschließt,
  • zwei Elektroden, die an stirnseitigen Bereichen des Hohlkörpers angeordnet sind, sodass im Innern der so gebildeten Kammer ein Entladungsraum definiert wird,
wobei in der Hohlkörperinnenwand eine Einsenkung vorgesehen ist, sodass die Kammer an zumindest einer Stirnseite radial nach außen über die Hohlkörperinnenwand hinausragt.The spark gap according to the invention is a spark gap arrangement which solves the problem by the features of claim 1 or by the features of claim 2:
  • a hollow body made of insulating material, which encloses the main axis of the spark gap arrangement,
  • two electrodes, which are arranged on the frontal areas of the hollow body, so that a discharge space is defined inside the chamber formed in this way,
wherein a recess is provided in the inner wall of the hollow body, so that the chamber protrudes radially outward beyond the inner wall of the hollow body on at least one end face.

Wenn die Einsenkung an lediglich einer Stirnseite vorgesehen ist, ist das Verhältnis zwischen dem Hauptabstand der Elektroden und dem Abstand zwischen der Hohlkörperinnenwand und dem ins Kammerinnere ragenden Elektrodenbereich zwischen 0,75 und 1.If the recess is provided on only one end face, the ratio between the main distance between the electrodes and the distance between the inner wall of the hollow body and the electrode area protruding into the interior of the chamber is between 0.75 and 1.

Wenn die Einsenkungen an beiden Stirnseiten vorgesehen sind, ist das Verhältnis zwischen dem Hauptabstand der Elektroden und dem Abstand zwischen der Hohlkörperinnenwand und dem ins Kammerinnere ragenden Elektrodenbereich zwischen 1,5 und 2.If the depressions are provided on both end faces, the ratio between the main distance between the electrodes and the distance between the inner wall of the hollow body and the electrode area protruding into the interior of the chamber is between 1.5 and 2.

Ein Hohlkörper ist ein im Wesentlichen rohrförmiger Körper mit beliebigem, vorzugsweise rundem, Querschnitt, dessen Durchmesser jedoch größer als seine Länge sein kann. Die offenen Enden des Hohlkörpers sind die Stirnseiten. Ferner sei bemerkt, dass seine Mantelflächen zwischen den Stirnseiten nicht unbedingt nur axial verlaufen, sondern auch zumindest eine Einsenkung aufweisen, die am Innenmantel umlaufend ist. Die Einsenkung kann eine Abstufung mit einem im Wesentlichen radial verlaufenden und einem im Wesentlichen senkrecht dazu axial verlaufenden Bereich sein. Letzerer geht mit einer Innenquerschnittsänderung des Hohlkörpers und/oder einer Dickenänderung der Hohlkörperwand einher. Andere, beispielsweise abgerundete, Querschnitte der Einsenkung sind denkbar.A hollow body is an essentially tubular body with any, preferably round, cross-section, the diameter of which, however, can be greater than its length. The open ends of the hollow body are the end faces. It should also be noted that its lateral surfaces between the end faces do not necessarily only run axially, but also have at least one indentation that runs around the inner surface. The indentation can be a gradation with an area running essentially radially and an area running axially essentially perpendicular thereto. The latter is associated with a change in the internal cross-section of the hollow body and / or a change in thickness of the hollow body wall. Other, for example rounded, cross-sections of the depression are conceivable.

Die Elektroden sind elektrische Leiter, die im stirnseitigen Bereich des Hohlkörpers angeordnet sind, sodass Elektroden- und Hohlzylinderwände eine Kammer formen, die der Entladungsraum ist. Die Längsachse der Anordnung verläuft zwischen den Elektroden und ist bei einer rotationssymmetrischen Anordnung auch die Symmetrieachse der Anordnung oder zumindest einiger ihrer Komponenten. Die Elektroden sind vorzugsweise gasdicht mit dem Hohlkörper verbunden. Die Verbindung kann derart sein, dass die Elektroden auf den Stirnflächen des Hohlkörpers aufgesetzt sind, ohne den Innenmantel zu berühren. Alternativ kann die Befestigung derart erfolgen, dass die Elektroden auch den stirnseitigen Bereich des Innenmantels berühren. Nichtsdestotrotz ist die Kammer im Kontaktbereich zwischen Elektroden und Hohlkörper radial aufgeweitet.The electrodes are electrical conductors that are arranged in the frontal area of the hollow body, so that the electrode and hollow cylinder walls form a chamber that the Discharge space is. The longitudinal axis of the arrangement runs between the electrodes and, in the case of a rotationally symmetrical arrangement, is also the axis of symmetry of the arrangement or at least some of its components. The electrodes are preferably connected to the hollow body in a gas-tight manner. The connection can be such that the electrodes are placed on the end faces of the hollow body without touching the inner jacket. Alternatively, the fastening can take place in such a way that the electrodes also touch the frontal area of the inner jacket. Nevertheless, the chamber is expanded radially in the contact area between the electrodes and the hollow body.

Die Einsenkung im Hohlzylinder an einer oder beiden Stirnseiten der Kammer schafft einen Bereich, der nicht von metallenen Bedampfungen der Bogenentladungen im Hauptelektrodenspalt erreicht werden kann. Die radial oder im Wesentlichen radial verlaufenden Bereiche der Einsenkung bleiben ohne Bedampfung. Somit kann auch bei fortschreitender Lebensdauer eine Restisolation zwischen den Elektroden entlang der Hohlkörperinnenoberfläche aufrechterhalten werden.The depression in the hollow cylinder on one or both end faces of the chamber creates an area that cannot be reached by metal vapor deposition of the arc discharges in the main electrode gap. The radially or essentially radially extending areas of the depression remain without vapor deposition. Residual insulation between the electrodes along the inner surface of the hollow body can thus be maintained even as the service life progresses.

Die Einsenkung unterbindet Frühzünder. Bei geeigneter Dimensionierung der Einsenkung ist auch bei hoher akkumulierter Impulszahl und gut leitender kondensierter Ablagerung in anderen Bereichen des Hohlkörpers die Funktion der Funkenstrecke trotzdem noch zuverlässig und Frühzünder können unterbunden werden. Dies ermöglicht es, getriggerte Funkenstrecken mit erhöhter Betriebslebensdauer herzustellen.The depression prevents early ignition. With a suitable dimensioning of the depression, the function of the spark gap is still reliable even with a high accumulated number of pulses and highly conductive condensed deposits in other areas of the hollow body and pre-igniters can be prevented. This makes it possible to produce triggered spark gaps with an increased service life.

Vorzugsweise weist der Hohlkörper an beiden Stirnseiten Einsenkungen auf, sodass an beiden Übergängen zwischen Hohlkörper und Elektroden eine Isolationsbarriere trotz möglicher Bedampfung vorhanden ist.The hollow body preferably has depressions on both end faces, so that between the two transitions Hollow body and electrodes an insulation barrier is present despite possible vapor deposition.

Durch diese Restisolation zwischen den Elektroden entsteht an der zwischen den Einsenkungen liegenden Hohlkörperinnenwand ein sogenanntes "schwebendes Potential" in dem Moment, in dem sie leicht mit einer kondensierten leitenden Schicht, herrührend von den metallenen Bedampfungen der Hauptentladung, bedeckt ist. Das Potenzial orientiert sich nun nicht mehr an den seitlichen Hauptelektroden, sondern es wird auf dem Mittenpotenzial zwischen den Hauptelektroden liegen, das heißt bei ungefähr 0 Volt oder der halben Selbstdurchbruchspannung.This residual insulation between the electrodes creates a so-called "floating potential" on the inner wall of the hollow body between the depressions at the moment when it is slightly covered with a condensed conductive layer resulting from the metallic vapor deposition of the main discharge. The potential is no longer based on the main electrodes on the side, but will be at the center potential between the main electrodes, that is to say at approximately 0 volts or half the self-breakdown voltage.

Die Elektroden können jeweils einen ins Kammerinnere ragenden Bereich, der beispielsweise stift- oder zylinder- oder kuppelförmig ist, aufweisen. Durch solche Elektroden lässt sich einerseits der gewünschte Verlauf des Funkenüberschlags auf den Bereich zwischen den Elektrodenenden lenken, anderseits geht damit jedoch eine Bedampfung des zentralen Bereichs des Hohlkörpers einher; die Bedampfung nimmt allerdings in den äußeren Bereichen des Hohlkörpers ab. Letztgenannter Effekt kann verstärkt werden, wenn der ins Kammerinnere ragende Bereich einen Seitenbereich hat, der parallel zur Hohlkörperinnenwand verläuft.The electrodes can each have an area which protrudes into the interior of the chamber and is, for example, pin-shaped, cylindrical or dome-shaped. By means of such electrodes, on the one hand, the desired course of the sparkover can be directed to the area between the electrode ends, on the other hand, however, this is accompanied by vapor deposition of the central area of the hollow body; however, the vapor deposition decreases in the outer areas of the hollow body. The latter effect can be reinforced if the area protruding into the interior of the chamber has a side area which runs parallel to the inner wall of the hollow body.

In einer Ausführung erstreckt sich der von der Stirnseite mit Einsenkung ins Kammerinnere ragende Bereich weiter ins Kammerinnere als der von der Stirnseite ohne Einsenkung ins Kammerinnere ragende Bereich. Diese Asymmetrie reduziert die Bedampfung im Bereich der Einsenkung.In one embodiment, the area protruding from the end face with indentation into the interior of the chamber extends further into the interior of the chamber than the area protruding from the end face without indentation into the interior of the chamber. This asymmetry reduces the vaporization in the area of the depression.

Folgende Dimensionierungen sind bei einer Anordnung mit beidseitigen Einsenkungen vorteilhaft: Das Verhältnis zwischen dem Hauptabstand d der Elektroden und dem Abstand a zwischen der Hohlkörperinnenwand und dem ins Kammerinnere ragenden Bereich ist vorteilhafterweise d/a = 1,5...2. Der Hauptabstand d ist der kürzeste Abstand zwischen den Elektroden, der üblicherweise zwischen den Enden der in die Kammer ragenden Bereiche auftritt. Bei oben beschriebenem Verhältnis ist eine Verbindung zur Hohlkörperwand optimal von der Hauptentladung entkoppelt. Es können jedoch auch größere Werte für das Verhältnis d/a, das heißt d/a > 2, gewählt werden, für den Fall, dass der hintere Kammerbereich mit der Einsenkung von metallenen Bedampfungen aus dem Hauptentladungsspalt weitgehend freigehalten werden kann. Dies kann beispielsweise durch eine langgestreckte Kammer erreicht werden.The following dimensions are advantageous in an arrangement with recesses on both sides: The ratio between the main distance d of the electrodes and the distance a between the inner wall of the hollow body and the area protruding into the interior of the chamber is advantageously d / a = 1.5 ... 2. The main distance d is the shortest distance between the electrodes, which usually occurs between the ends of the regions protruding into the chamber. With the ratio described above, a connection to the wall of the hollow body is optimally decoupled from the main discharge. However, larger values can also be selected for the ratio d / a, i.e. d / a> 2, in the event that the rear chamber area can be kept largely free with the depression of metal vapor deposition from the main discharge gap. This can be achieved, for example, by means of an elongated chamber.

Bei einer Einsenkung an lediglich einer Stirnseite ist das Verhältnis zwischen dem Hauptabstand der Elektroden d und dem Abstand a zwischen der Hohlkörperinnenwand und dem ins Kammerinnere ragenden Bereich größer oder gleich 0,75, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,75 und 1.In the case of a countersink on only one end face, the ratio between the main distance between the electrodes d and the distance a between the inner wall of the hollow body and the region protruding into the interior of the chamber is greater than or equal to 0.75, preferably between 0.75 and 1.

Der Abstand a zwischen der Hohlkörperinnenwand und dem ins Kammerinnere ragenden Bereich der Elektrode und die axiale Länge b der Abstufung sind vorzugsweise gleich oder nahezu gleich: a ≈ b. Bei dieser Dimensionierung ist auch keine Entladung zwischen der Hohlkörperinnenwand und dem Hohlkörperende (Metallisierungskante) möglich und somit wird jegliche Entladung über die Hohlkörperwand unterbunden.The distance a between the inner wall of the hollow body and the region of the electrode protruding into the interior of the chamber and the axial length b of the gradation are preferably the same or almost the same: a ≈ b. With this dimensioning, no discharge is possible between the inner wall of the hollow body and the end of the hollow body (metallization edge), and any discharge through the wall of the hollow body is prevented.

Vorteilhafterweise hat die Einsenkung eine radiale Tiefe s, die maximal 20 % der Wanddicke des Hohlkörpers beträgt, so dass die Festigkeit des Hohlkörpermaterials, vorzugsweise eine Keramik, und damit die Resistenz gegen Brüche und Abscherungen noch nicht oder nur unwesentlich verringert werden.The depression advantageously has a radial depth s which is a maximum of 20% of the wall thickness of the hollow body, see above that the strength of the hollow body material, preferably a ceramic, and thus the resistance to fracture and shearing are not yet or only insignificantly reduced.

Das Verhältnis von Kammerhöhe zu Kriechstrecke entlang des Hohlkörperinnenmantels der Kammer ist vorteilhafterweise größer oder gleich 0,8, sodass die Abstufung einen ausreichenden Isolationsschutz bietet. Die Kriechstrecke ist der kürzeste Weg, den ein möglicher Kriechstrom zwischen den Elektroden entlang des Hohlkörperinnenmantels nehmen kann.The ratio of the chamber height to the creepage distance along the hollow body inner jacket of the chamber is advantageously greater than or equal to 0.8, so that the gradation offers sufficient insulation protection. The creepage distance is the shortest path that a possible creepage current can take between the electrodes along the inner shell of the hollow body.

In einem Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Hohlkörper ein Hohlkreiszylinder mit einem Einstich an zumindest einer Stirnseite zur Formung der Einsenkung. Die Elektroden weisen einen stiftförmigen oder kuppelförmigen ins Kammerinnere ragenden Bereich auf. Die Elektroden weisen Befestigungsflansche auf. Dies sind sich radial erstreckende Bereiche zur Festigung auf den Stirnseiten des Hohlzylinders.In one embodiment, the hollow body is a hollow circular cylinder with a recess on at least one end face for forming the depression. The electrodes have a pin-shaped or dome-shaped area protruding into the interior of the chamber. The electrodes have mounting flanges. These are radially extending areas for strengthening on the end faces of the hollow cylinder.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der Zeichnungen veranschaulicht.

Figur 1
zeigt eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Funkenstrecke.
Figur 2
zeigt eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Funkenstrecke.
Figur 3
zeigt eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Funkenstrecke.
Figur 4
zeigt eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Funkenstrecke.
Figur 5
zeigt eine schematische Schnittdarstellung noch eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Funkenstrecke.
The invention is illustrated below with reference to the drawings.
Figure 1
shows a schematic sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a spark gap.
Figure 2
shows a schematic sectional illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a spark gap.
Figure 3
shows a schematic sectional illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a spark gap.
Figure 4
shows a schematic sectional illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a spark gap.
Figure 5
shows a schematic sectional illustration of yet another exemplary embodiment of a spark gap.

Figur 1 zeigt eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Funkenstreckenanordnung, kurz Funkenstrecke. Die Funkenstrecke umfasst einen Hohlkörper 1, der als Hohlzylinder aus isolierendem Material ausgebildet ist und als Bauelementkörper dient. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Hohlkörper 1 aus Keramik. Der Hohlkörper 1 hat eine Innenwand 3, in der stirnseitige stufenförmige Einsenkungen 5 vorgesehen sind. Die Einsenkungen 5 sind radiale Einschnitte in der Innenwand 3 des Hohlkörpers 1, die mit einer stirnseitigen Innenquerschnittsvergrößerung sowie einer Wanddickenreduktion des Hohlkörpers 1 einhergehen. Als Innenmantel wird im Folgenden der Bereich des Hohlkörpers bezeichnet, der sich innen zwischen den Stirnflächen, also Decken- und Bodenflächen, erstreckt. Der Teil des Innenmantels zwischen den Einsenkungen 5 wird im Folgenden als Innenwand 3 bezeichnet. Figure 1 shows a schematic sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a spark gap arrangement, or spark gap for short. The spark gap comprises a hollow body 1, which is designed as a hollow cylinder made of insulating material and serves as a component body. In this exemplary embodiment, the hollow body 1 is made of ceramic. The hollow body 1 has an inner wall 3 in which step-shaped depressions 5 are provided on the end face. The depressions 5 are radial incisions in the inner wall 3 of the hollow body 1, which are accompanied by an enlargement of the inner cross-section at the end and a reduction in the wall thickness of the hollow body 1. The area of the hollow body that extends on the inside between the end faces, that is to say the top and bottom surfaces, is referred to below as the inner jacket. The part of the inner jacket between the depressions 5 is referred to below as the inner wall 3.

Die Einsenkung 5 weist einen radialen Bereich 7 und einen dazu senkrechten axialen Bereich 9 auf. Es sei bemerkt, dass die Einsenkung 5 abgerundete Kanten aufweisen kann, sodass sich auch ein wellenförmiger Querschnitt ergeben kann. Die Tiefe s der Einsenkung 5 ist der Abstand zwischen der Innenwand 3 und dem axialem Bereich 9. Die Länge der Einsenkung b ist der Abstand zwischen der Stirnseite des Hohlzylinders 3 und dem radialen Bereich 5. Der Abstand zwischen den Einsenkungen 5 und damit die Höhe der Innenwand 3 ist L.The depression 5 has a radial area 7 and an axial area 9 perpendicular thereto. It should be noted that the depression 5 can have rounded edges, so that a wave-shaped cross section can also result. The depth s of the recess 5 is the distance between the inner wall 3 and the axial region 9. The length of the recess b is the distance between the end face of the hollow cylinder 3 and the radial region 5. The distance between the depressions 5 and thus the height of the inner wall 3 is L.

An den Stirnseiten des Hohlzylinders 1 sind Elektroden 11 befestig, die in den Hohlzylinder ragende kuppelförmige Bereiche 13 sowie sich radial erstreckende Befestigungsflansche 15 zur Festigung auf den Stirnseiten des Hohlkörpers 1 aufweisen. Die kuppenförmigen Bereiche 13 haben einen zylinderförmigen Fußbereich und ein abgerundetes, in die Kammer ragendes Ende. In einer der Elektroden 13 ist eine Vorrichtung 17 zur Aufnahme der Zündvorrichtung sowie eine Zündelektrode 19 vorgesehen. Der Hauptabstand zwischen den Elektroden 11 ist d. Die Elektroden 11 sind vorzugsweise gasdicht am Hohlkörper 1 befestigt. Um Außenüberschläge zu verhindern, ist im oberen Bereich der Elektrode 11 eine mittige Aussparung für die Zündelektrode 19, die in den kuppelförmigen Bereich 13 ragt, vorgesehen.Electrodes 11 are fastened to the end faces of the hollow cylinder 1 and have dome-shaped areas 13 protruding into the hollow cylinder and radially extending fastening flanges 15 for fastening on the end faces of the hollow body 1. The dome-shaped areas 13 have a cylindrical foot area and a rounded end protruding into the chamber. A device 17 for receiving the ignition device and an ignition electrode 19 are provided in one of the electrodes 13. The main distance between the electrodes 11 is d. The electrodes 11 are preferably attached to the hollow body 1 in a gas-tight manner. In order to prevent external flashovers, a central recess for the ignition electrode 19, which protrudes into the dome-shaped area 13, is provided in the upper area of the electrode 11.

Der Hohlzylinderkörper 1 und die Elektroden 11 formen eine Kammer 23, die als Entladungsraum dient. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem die Elektroden auf den Stirnseiten aufsetzen, ist die Höhe der Kammer H gleich der Höhe des Hohlkörpers 1. Die Länge der Einsenkung b stimmt mit dem Abstand zwischen der Stirnseite der Kammer und dem radialen Bereich 7 überein. Dies wäre bei an der Hohlkörperinnenseite anliegenden Elektroden (wie in Figur 2 dargestellt) nicht der Fall. Nichtsdestotrotz weist die Kammer durch die Einsenkungen 5 radiale Verbreiterungen an ihren Stirnseiten auf.The hollow cylindrical body 1 and the electrodes 11 form a chamber 23 which serves as a discharge space. In this exemplary embodiment, in which the electrodes are placed on the end faces, the height of the chamber H is equal to the height of the hollow body 1. The length of the depression b corresponds to the distance between the end face of the chamber and the radial region 7. This would be with electrodes lying on the inside of the hollow body (as in Figure 2 shown) is not the case. Nevertheless, due to the depressions 5, the chamber has radial widenings on its end faces.

In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind Elektroden 11 und Hohlkörper 1 der Funkenstrecke rotationssymmetrisch zur Längsachse 21 geformt. Die Einsenkungen 5 können als Einstiche ausgebildet sein. Hierbei werden die Einstiche an der Wandinnenseite von der Stirnfläche her vorgenommen. Die Einstiche verringern die Wanddicke im Bereich der beiden Hohlkörperenden um typischerweise 20 %, sodass die Festigkeit der Keramik und damit die Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Brüche und Abscherungen noch nicht oder nur unwesentlich verringert werden.In this exemplary embodiment, electrodes 11 and hollow bodies 1 of the spark gap are shaped rotationally symmetrically to the longitudinal axis 21. The depressions 5 can be as Punctures be formed. Here, the punctures are made on the inside of the wall from the front face. The punctures reduce the wall thickness in the area of the two hollow body ends by typically 20%, so that the strength of the ceramic and thus the resistance to fractures and shearing are not yet reduced or only insignificantly reduced.

Im Betrieb der Funkenstrecke führt ein Zündimpuls der Zündeinrichtung 19 dazu, dass ein Funkenüberschlag zwischen den Elektroden 11 erfolgt. Durch vielfachen Funkenschlag kann sich während der Lebensdauer der Funkenstrecke eine metallene Bedampfung an der Hohlkörperinnenseite niederschlagen. Die Einsenkungen 5 an den Stirnseiten des Hohlkörpers 1 formen einen im Wesentlichen radial verlaufenden Bereich 7, der nicht von metallenen Bedampfungen der Bogenentladungen im Hauptelektrodenspalt erreicht werden kann. Dieser senkrecht zur Innenwand 3 verlaufende Bereich 7 bleibt ohne Bedampfung. Somit wird immer eine Restisolation zwischen den Elektroden 11 aufrechterhalten.When the spark gap is in operation, an ignition pulse from ignition device 19 causes a sparkover to occur between electrodes 11. Multiple sparks can cause metallic vapor to deposit on the inside of the hollow body during the service life of the spark gap. The depressions 5 on the end faces of the hollow body 1 form an essentially radially extending area 7 which cannot be reached by metal vapor deposition of the arc discharges in the main electrode gap. This region 7, which runs perpendicular to the inner wall 3, remains without vapor deposition. A residual insulation between the electrodes 11 is thus always maintained.

Die zwischen den Einsenkungen 5 verlaufende Innenwand 3 mit der Länge L bekommt potenzialmäßig ein sogenanntes "schwebendes Potential" in dem Moment, in dem sie leicht mit einer kondensierten leitenden Schicht, herrührend von den metallenen Bedampfungen der Hauptentladung, bedeckt ist. Das Potenzial orientiert sich nun nicht mehr an den seitlichen Hauptelektroden, sondern es wird auf dem Mittenpotential zwischen den Hauptelektroden liegen, das heißt bei ungefähr 0 Volt oder der halben Selbstdurchbruchspannung.The inner wall 3 with the length L running between the depressions 5 is given a so-called "floating potential" at the moment when it is slightly covered with a condensed conductive layer resulting from the metallic vapor deposition of the main discharge. The potential is no longer based on the main electrodes on the side, but will be at the center potential between the main electrodes, that is to say at approximately 0 volts or half the self-breakdown voltage.

Hiermit ergeben sich neue konstruktive Bedingungen für die Abstände der Komponenten zueinander. Der Abstand a zwischen Hohlkörperinnenwand 3 und der Elektrodenwand sollte in einem bestimmten Verhältnis zum Hauptelektrodenabstand d stehen. Ideal ist hier ein Verhältnis 1,5 ≤ d/a ≤ 2, da hiermit die Verbindung zur Hohlkörperwand optimal von der Hauptentladung entkoppelt wird. Es können jedoch auch höhere Werte d/a > 2 gewählt werden, für den Fall, dass der hintere Bereich der Einsenkung 5 von metallenen Bedampfungen aus dem Hauptentladungsspalt weitgehend freigehalten werden kann. Da die keramische Hohlkörperwand nunmehr elektrisch von den seitlichen Befestigungsflanschen 15 getrennt ist, kann sich auch keine elektrische Nebenentladung über die Keramikwand entwickeln. Hierfür ist weiterhin maßgebend, dass auch die Länge b der Einsenkungen 5 in einem bestimmten Verhältnis zum Hauptentladungsspalt steht und idealerweise dem Abstand a zwischen Hohlkörperinnenwand 3 und Elektrodenwand entsprechen sollte: b ≈ a. Somit ist dann auch keine Entladung der Hohlkörperwand zum Hohlkörperende (Metallisierungskante) möglich und die Entladung über das Hohlkörperinnere wird unterbunden.This results in new design conditions for the distances between the components. The distance a between Hollow body inner wall 3 and the electrode wall should have a certain ratio to the main electrode spacing d. A ratio of 1.5 d / a 2 is ideal here, as this optimally decouples the connection to the hollow body wall from the main discharge. However, higher values d / a> 2 can also be selected, in the event that the rear region of the depression 5 can be largely kept free of metal vapor deposition from the main discharge gap. Since the ceramic hollow body wall is now electrically separated from the lateral fastening flanges 15, no secondary electrical discharge can develop through the ceramic wall. For this it is also decisive that the length b of the depressions 5 is also in a certain ratio to the main discharge gap and should ideally correspond to the distance a between the hollow body inner wall 3 and the electrode wall: b ≈ a. Thus, no discharge of the hollow body wall to the hollow body end (metallization edge) is possible and the discharge via the hollow body interior is prevented.

Figur 2 zeigt eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Funkenstrecke. Um Wiederholungen zu vermeiden, wird im Folgenden nur auf die Unterschiede eingegangen. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel weisen die Elektroden 11 Vertiefungen 25 ins Kammerinnere auf, die der senkrechten Innenwand der Einsenkungen 5 benachbart sind oder diese auch berühren können (nicht dargestellt). Diese Konstruktion kann eine passgenauere Montage ermöglichen. Hinsichtlich der Definition der Dimensionierungsgrößen ergibt sich damit Folgendes: b ist der Abstand zwischen der Innenwand 3 und der Kammerstirnseite. H ist die Kammerhöhe zwischen den Stirnseiten. Hinsichtlich der Dimensionierung gelten die oben genannten Ausführungen. Die zum axialen Bereich 9 der Einsenkung 5 benachbarte Vertiefung 25 der Elektrode 11 führt dazu, dass b effektiv geringer sein kann als bei Elektroden ohne Vertiefung, d.h. dass der Einfluss von b bei einer Elektrode mit Vertiefung 25 nicht dem Einfluss eines gleichgroßen b bei einer Elektrode ohne Vertiefung entspricht, sondern eher einem im Vergleich dazu kleineren b bei einer Elektrode ohne Vertiefung entspricht. Figure 2 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a spark gap. To avoid repetition, only the differences are discussed below. In this exemplary embodiment, the electrodes 11 have depressions 25 in the interior of the chamber, which are adjacent to the vertical inner wall of the depressions 5 or can also touch them (not shown). This construction can enable a more precise assembly. With regard to the definition of the dimensioning variables, the following results: b is the distance between the inner wall 3 and the chamber face. H is the chamber height between the end faces. With regard to the dimensioning, the above statements apply. the Depression 25 of the electrode 11 adjacent to the axial area 9 of the depression 5 means that b can effectively be less than in the case of electrodes without a depression, that is to say that the influence of b in an electrode with a depression 25 does not correspond to the influence of an equally large b in an electrode without Corresponds to recess, but rather corresponds to a smaller b in comparison with an electrode without a recess.

Figur 3 zeigt eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Funkenstrecke. Um Wiederholungen zu vermeiden, wird im Folgenden nur auf die Unterschiede zu Figur 1 eingegangen. Figure 3 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a spark gap. In order to avoid repetition, the following only focuses on the differences Figure 1 received.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel weist eine Einsenkung 5 an nur einer der Stirnseiten auf. Ferner reicht eine der Elektroden 11 weiter in den Innenraum als die gegenüberliegende. Bei der weiter hineinreichenden handelt es sich um die Elektrode, die an derselben Stirnseite wie die Einsenkung 5 angebracht ist. Dies ist die der Zündeinrichtung 19 gegenüberliegende Elektrode, die auch als Gegenelektrode bezeichnet wird. Der Abstand zwischen der Einsenkungen 5 und der nicht benachbarten Kammerstirnseite und damit die Höhe der Innenwand 3 ist L.The exemplary embodiment has a depression 5 on only one of the end faces. Furthermore, one of the electrodes 11 extends further into the interior than the opposite one. The one that extends further in is the electrode that is attached to the same end face as the recess 5. This is the electrode opposite the ignition device 19, which is also referred to as the counter electrode. The distance between the depressions 5 and the non-adjacent chamber face and thus the height of the inner wall 3 is L.

Während der Nutzung der Funkenstrecke und der Kondensation von metallenen Schichten auf der Hohlkörperkeramik kann das elektrische Potenzial von der angeschlossenen Elektrode über die Wand zur Gegenelektrode geführt werden. Entsprechend gilt hierfür das Verhältnis d/a: 0.75 ≤ d/a ≤ 1 im Idealfall, oder auch d/a > 1 bei eng an die Elektrodenzylinder anliegender Keramik, um eine Gasentladung über die Keramik zu verhindern. Im Zusammenhang mit einem asymmetrischen Aufbau der Funkenstrecke und einem langgestreckten parallelen Verlauf zwischen Gegenelektrode und anliegender Keramik kann für diesen Fall die Isolation über die Keramikwand während der Belastung der Funkenstrecke über einen langen Zeitraum erhalten bleiben.During the use of the spark gap and the condensation of metal layers on the hollow ceramic body, the electrical potential can be conducted from the connected electrode via the wall to the counter electrode. Correspondingly, the ratio d / a: 0.75 d / a 1 applies in the ideal case, or also d / a> 1 in the case of ceramics that are in close contact with the electrode cylinders, in order to prevent gas discharge through the ceramics. In connection with an asymmetrical structure of the spark gap and an elongated parallel course In this case, between the counter electrode and the adjacent ceramic, the insulation via the ceramic wall can be maintained over a long period of time while the spark gap is loaded.

Durch die Einsenkung 5 und den damit einhergehenden stufenförmigen Abschnitt auf der Kriechstrecke, die entlang des Hohlkörperinneren zwischen den Elektroden 11 verläuft, beträgt die Kriechstrecke K = L + 2s + 2b für die beidseitige Einsenkung und K = L + s + b für die einseitige Einsenkung. Das Verhältnis der der Kammerhöhe zur Kriechstrecke K soll H/K ≥ 0.8 betragen.Due to the indentation 5 and the associated step-shaped section on the creepage distance, which runs along the interior of the hollow body between the electrodes 11, the creepage distance is K = L + 2s + 2b for the indentation on both sides and K = L + s + b for the indentation on one side . The ratio of the chamber height to the creepage distance K should be H / K ≥ 0.8.

Figur 4 zeigt eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Funkenstrecke. Um Wiederholungen zu vermeiden, wird im Folgenden nur auf die Unterschiede zu Figur 2 eingegangen. Im Gegensatz zu Figur 2 mit Einsenkung im Hohlzylinder an beiden Stirnseiten der Kammer zeigt Figur 4 ein Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer Einsenkung im Hohlzylinder an nur einer der Stirnseiten. Dieser kann sich entweder an der unteren oder der oberen Stirnseite (nicht dargestellt) befinden. Figure 4 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a spark gap. In order to avoid repetition, the following only focuses on the differences Figure 2 received. In contrast to Figure 2 shows with indentation in the hollow cylinder on both ends of the chamber Figure 4 an embodiment with a depression in the hollow cylinder on only one of the end faces. This can be located either on the lower or the upper end face (not shown).

Das Vorsehen der Einsenkungen 5 erlaubt, Frühzünder zu unterbinden, und ermöglicht es unter den angegebenen Dimensionierungsvorschriften auch bei hoher akkumulierter Impulszahl und relativ gut leitender kondensierter Ablagerung auf der Keramik, dass die Schaltfunkenstrecke trotzdem noch zuverlässig arbeitet und Frühzünder unterbindet. Es wird hiermit die Möglichkeit eröffnet, getriggerte Funkenstrecken mit erhöhter Betriebslebensdauer herzustellen.The provision of the depressions 5 allows pre-igniters to be prevented and, under the specified dimensioning rules, enables the switching spark gap to still work reliably and prevent pre-igniters, even with a high accumulated number of pulses and relatively well-conducting condensed deposits on the ceramic. This opens up the possibility of producing triggered spark gaps with an increased service life.

Figur 5 zeigt eine schematische Schnittdarstellung noch eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Funkenstrecke. Um Wiederholungen zu vermeiden, wird im Folgenden nur auf die Unterschiede eingegangen. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Funkenstrecke mit Einsenkungen 5 an beiden Stirnseiten des Hohlkörpers 1. Auf einer Stirnseite sind die Elektrode 11 und eine Zündeinrichtung 19 vorgesehen. Auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite ist ein Sicherheitselement 27, das auch mit dem englischen Begriff "safety bush" bezeichnet werden kann, an der Gegenelektrode 11 befestigt. Es wird nach dem Füllen der Funkenstrecke mit Gas an die Elektrode gelötet. Die Einsenkung 5 ist durch eine Umkreisung markiert. Figure 5 shows a schematic sectional illustration of yet another exemplary embodiment of a spark gap. To avoid repetition, only the differences are discussed below. This is a spark gap with depressions 5 on both end faces of the hollow body 1. The electrode 11 and an ignition device 19 are provided on one end face. On the opposite side, a safety element 27, which can also be referred to by the English term “safety bush”, is attached to the counter electrode 11. It is soldered to the electrode after the spark gap has been filled with gas. The depression 5 is marked by a circle.

Claims (10)

  1. Spark gap arrangement having
    - a hollow body (1) which is made of insulating material and which encompasses the main axis (21) of the spark gap,
    - two electrodes (11) which are arranged on the face-side regions of the hollow body (1), so that a discharge space is defined in the interior of the chamber (23) thus formed,
    wherein a depression (5) is provided in the inner wall of the hollow body (3), so that the chamber (23) projects radially outwardly over the inner wall of the hollow body (3) on only one face side,
    characterized in that
    the ratio between the main distance (d) between the electrodes (11) and the distance between the inner wall of the hollow body (3) and the electrode region (13) projecting into the interior of the chamber is between 0.75 and 1.
  2. Spark gap arrangement having
    - a hollow body (1) which is made of insulating material and which encompasses the main axis (21) of the spark gap,
    - two electrodes (11) which are arranged on the face-side regions of the hollow body (1), so that a discharge space is defined in the interior of the chamber (23) thus formed,
    wherein a depression (5) is provided in the inner wall of the hollow body (3), so that the chamber (23) projects radially outwardly over the inner wall of the hollow body (3) on both face sides,
    characterized in that
    the ratio between the main distance (d) between the electrodes (11) and the distance (a) between the inner wall of the hollow body (3) and the electrode region (13) projecting into the interior of the chamber is between 1.5 and 2.
  3. Spark gap arrangement according to Claim 1, wherein the electrode region (13) projecting into the interior of the chamber from the face side having the depression (5) extends further into the interior of the chamber than the electrode region (13) projecting into the interior of the chamber from the face side without a depression.
  4. Spark gap arrangement according to Claim 3, wherein the electrode region (13) projecting into the interior of the chamber has a lateral region which runs parallel to the inner wall of the hollow body (3).
  5. Spark gap arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the distance between the inner wall of the hollow body (3) and the electrode region (13) projecting into the interior of the chamber and the axial length (b) of the depression (5) are equal or approximately equal.
  6. Spark gap arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the depression (5) has a radial depth (s) which is at most 20% of the wall thickness of the hollow body (1).
  7. Spark gap arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the ratio of the chamber height (H) and the creepage distance (K) along the inner side of the hollow body of the chamber (23) is greater than or equal to 0.8.
  8. Spark gap arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the hollow body (1) is a hollow circular cylinder having a recess on at least one face side for forming the depression (5).
  9. Spark gap arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the electrodes (11) have a pin-shaped, cylinder-shaped, or dome-shaped electrode region (13) projecting into the interior of the chamber.
  10. Spark gap arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the electrodes (11) have attachment flanges (15) via which they are attached to the face sides of the hollow body (1).
EP16738437.9A 2015-09-04 2016-07-13 Spark gap arrangement Active EP3345267B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015114846.3A DE102015114846A1 (en) 2015-09-04 2015-09-04 The spark gap arrangement
PCT/EP2016/066648 WO2017036651A1 (en) 2015-09-04 2016-07-13 Spark gap arrangement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3345267A1 EP3345267A1 (en) 2018-07-11
EP3345267B1 true EP3345267B1 (en) 2021-09-01

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16738437.9A Active EP3345267B1 (en) 2015-09-04 2016-07-13 Spark gap arrangement

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Country Link
US (1) US10186843B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3345267B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6694951B2 (en)
DE (1) DE102015114846A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2017036651A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017126371A1 (en) 2017-11-10 2019-05-16 Tdk Electronics Ag Triggerable spark gap, circuit with triggerable spark gap and method for producing a triggerable spark gap

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE789890A (en) * 1971-10-12 1973-02-01 Western Electric Co PROTECTION AGAINST OVERVOLTAGES, WITH A DISCHARGE TUBE, AND ITS EMBODIMENT PROCESS
US3780350A (en) * 1971-12-16 1973-12-18 Gen Signal Corp Surge arrester
GB1389142A (en) * 1973-05-31 1975-04-03 Comtelco Uk Ltd Electrical surge arrestor
JPS5620953Y2 (en) * 1978-06-06 1981-05-18
US4280098A (en) * 1979-05-25 1981-07-21 Veradyne Corp. Coaxial spark gap switch
JPS58148891U (en) * 1982-03-31 1983-10-06 音羽電機工業株式会社 Series gap of lightning arrester
DE3218948A1 (en) * 1982-05-19 1983-11-24 Krone Gmbh, 1000 Berlin SURGE ARRESTERS
US4672259A (en) * 1985-10-23 1987-06-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Power spark gap assembly for high current conduction with improved sparkover level control
JP2539464Y2 (en) * 1992-04-13 1997-06-25 矢崎総業株式会社 Gas-filled discharge tube
ATE360906T1 (en) * 1999-07-09 2007-05-15 Leutron Gmbh LIGHTNING AND SURGE PROTECTION DEVICE
JP2006024423A (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-26 Okaya Electric Ind Co Ltd Discharge tube
SE532114C2 (en) * 2007-05-22 2009-10-27 Jensen Devices Ab gas discharge tubes
KR20100040860A (en) * 2007-06-21 2010-04-21 에프코스 아게 Device and module for protecting against lightning and overvoltages

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2018530864A (en) 2018-10-18
US20180198259A1 (en) 2018-07-12
DE102015114846A1 (en) 2017-03-09
EP3345267A1 (en) 2018-07-11
US10186843B2 (en) 2019-01-22
WO2017036651A1 (en) 2017-03-09
JP6694951B2 (en) 2020-05-20

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