EP3207195B1 - Method for constructing a building - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a building.

In disaster areas, the construction of shelters is often difficult due to poor infrastructure and accessibility. The construction of military hospitals, accommodation and other facilities and their furnishing is therefore often difficult. If buildings are to be erected in a short time and with a minimum of transport effort, by which people or equipment are to be protected from the weather, vermin and other environmental influences, tents or temporary buildings composed of prefabricated parts are usually used.

Although tents are easy and quick to set up, they offer only limited protection from the weather, insulate poorly, do not protect against vermin, have a short lifespan and hardly allow any privacy. Buildings composed of prefabricated parts offer better comfort and have a longer service life; Due to the mostly bulky individual parts, however, they have a large transport volume and often a considerable transport weight.

the DE 196 50 219 A1 discloses a component with a reinforcement under tensile stress, which is connected to a compressive stress absorbing mass. The armor consists of a shell of non-metallic sheet material, the mass being a cured foam. The shell encloses the foam. The contacting surfaces of the cover and foam, which run in the direction of the tension of the cover, are connected to one another.

the DE 10 2009 049 298 A1 discloses a method of making such finished parts formed from a foamed polymeric material.

There are also a large number of ideas for setting up emergency shelters, but these have not yet been implemented. So reveals the DE 102 58 542 B4 an emergency shelter integrated into a parachute. When the parachute is dropped, the parachute chambers are filled with self-hardening foam, which hardens during the flight; the landing parachute then represents the finished building.

The object of the present invention is to provide robust buildings and, if necessary, furnishings to be used in them in a fast and cost-effective manner, even in areas of use that are difficult to access.

The object on which the invention is based is achieved by a method according to claim 1. Advantageous refinements result from the subclaims and the following description.

The core of the invention lies in particular in a building by foaming to produce the envelope form on site. Before being foamed, the casing has a low weight and can be packed flexibly. Therefore, the envelope is ideal to transport. The foam material can first be transported to the predefined location in tanks of any size in a space-saving manner; the foam-filled wall has a very low specific weight compared to a wall made of finished panels; This means that stabilizing building material is also ideal for transporting. The flexible shell form is arranged at least partially around at least one solid structural element and the solid structural element is at least partially surrounded by the foaming material.

The building produced in this way therefore has a high degree of resistance to earthquakes and weather, and can in particular provide effective protection against heat, cold and noise. A lifespan of at least 5-10 years is possible; the building can offer the comfort of a simple house. It can be easily disposed of in an incinerator or through chemical recycling.

The enveloping mold is preferably permanently fixed at the predefined location before the foaming or during the foaming, or the foamed wall is fixed at the predefined location immediately after curing. In particular, the foaming material can enter into a permanent connection with the substrate at the predefined location during curing. Preferably, a floor slab with a level top is created on an uneven surface of the predefined location. The foam material compensates for unevenness in the ground; on the upper side, the horizontal, level surface can be created by boarding. In this way, such buildings can also be created in a simple manner on slight to moderately steep slopes or on rocky ground.

The flexible envelope form, including any separate individual envelope forms from which a larger overall envelope form can be formed, is preferably transported prefabricated to the predefined location and is foamed there. Since the shell mold only needs to be foamed on site, errors in the work on site are largely avoided.

The shell form preferably has a flexible outer shell and a flexible inner shell, with a receiving space for the foaming material being formed between the outer shell and the inner shell. The outer shell in particular forms a weather-facing outer surface of the building and is in particular formed from a weatherproof, water-repellent and/or UV-resistant material. In the When selecting the material, the place of use and the purpose of use must be taken into account, especially with regard to the expected period of use and the expected loads. In the case of high mechanical loads, fiber-reinforced materials can be used. In particular, the inner shell provides an interior surface of a room of the building. In this respect, the inner shell can have a surface that is pleasant to the touch, for example made of textile material.

Distance-limiting means are arranged between the outer shell and the inner shell, which are set up to locally define a maximum wall thickness of the wall. Consequently, the degree of foam filling is locally limited by the distance-limiting means, so that excessive wall thicknesses are avoided; this can be done analogously to the designs of bouncy castles or inflatable tents. Shapes, for example curves and corners, can also be impressed on the envelope shape by means of the distance-limiting means.

An enveloping mold is preferably formed by a plurality of individual enveloping molds, a second of the individual enveloping molds being connected to a first of the individual enveloping molds via a closure system before it is foamed. The two individual casing forms can be connected as long as the second individual casing form has not yet been filled with foam; the first individual casing can, but does not have to, already be filled with foam. The possibility of connecting individual envelope forms to form an overall envelope form opens up a wide range of possibilities for designing a large number of different buildings in an individual way from a limited selection of individual envelope forms. The shape can even be influenced on site by selecting the individual shell shapes. In particular, the size of the building can thus be adapted to local conditions.

A first closure system for connecting the casing of a first wall to the casing of a second wall preferably has different closure elements than a second closure system for connecting the casing of the second wall to the casing of a third wall. In particular, these three different walls mentioned are different types of walls, in particular the base plate, side wall and roof. Through the use of different closure elements, for example zip fasteners of different sizes, only matching casing forms can be connected to one another; incorrect assembly on site can thus be avoided.

In particular, a zipper or a Velcro fastener is used as the closure system. If the closure system in particular before foaming is initially still solvable, the exact shape of the envelope can still be changed until the final foaming or curing.

Alternatively, an adhesive method can be used to connect the individual shell forms.

A closed zipper is preferably formed by two side parts which are brought into engagement with one another. Once engaged, an end piece is passed over an end of the closed zipper, the end piece embracing at least one side panel end of the closed zipper. The end piece can thus prevent the zipper from opening unintentionally, which is ensured by a starting piece with a commercially available zipper (e.g. on a jacket). As will be explained below, such starting pieces cannot be used in some cases in the present application.

In particular, the subsequent attachment of the end piece makes sense if the end piece encompasses exactly one end of the side part of the closed zipper. This is particularly advantageous if the mutually corresponding ends of the side parts of the two side parts are offset from one another in the sliding direction. What is meant by this is based on the Figure 20a clear.

The zip fastener preferably comprises a slider, with the aid of which the zip fastener can be transferred from an open state to a closed state, the zip fastener comprising a locking means which secures the slider in one end position, in particular when the zip fastener is closed, against unintentional release from this position final position secures.

According to the invention, the flexible casing is at least partially arranged around at least one solid structural element and the solid structural element is at least partially surrounded by the foaming material. This is a simple way of increasing the stability of the building. The solid structural element can become an integral part of the foamed wall.

Preferably, the solid structural element is initially exposed, then the structural element is at least partially introduced into the casing through an opening in the casing and then the opening in the casing is closed, in particular by connecting two individual casings. This can be done in the manner mentioned above.

Preferably, a first amount of foaming material is first filled into the casing mold in a lower region, and then the first amount hardens at least partially. A second amount of foaming material is then filled into the casing mold on top of the first amount of foaming material. This procedure enables the wall to be built up evenly over its entire height. This avoids material that has not yet hardened being put under too much pressure during hardening by material lying on top.

The method described above can also be used to form walls that are part of movable or permanently installed items of furniture. Furnishings such as furniture and sanitary facilities can be formed by foaming an appropriate envelope. A corresponding shell form can be connected to another shell form of building walls via a closure system as described before it is foamed.

In order to protect areas of walls that are subject to high mechanical loads, these are reinforced by reinforcing elements, for example fittings such as strips, panels, or particularly strong covering materials.

The invention also relates to a method for producing and disposing of a building, comprising producing a building as described above, further crushing the walls and then feeding the crushed walls to an incineration or recycling process. The disposal process is also quite simple and can be done using on-site facilities.

Figur 1

a) ein erfindungsgemäß hergestelltes Gebäude im Querschnitt; b) eine Vergrößerung eines Teils des Querschnitts nach Figur 1a;

Figur 2

ein weiterer Querschnitt einer Wandung mit dargestellten Abstandbegrenzungsmitteln;

Figur 3

ein weiterer Querschnitt einer Wandung mit dargestellten Abstandbegrenzungsmitteln an einer Ecke der Wandung;

Figur 4

eine weiteres erfindungsgemäß hergestelltes Gebäude in perspektivischer Darstellung;

Figur 5

Einzelheiten der Wandungen mit eingezeichneten Verschlusssystemen im Querschnitt;

Figur 6

ein Querschnitt von Wandungen mit Verschlusssystem zur Verbindung mehrerer Gebäudeteile;

Figur 7

eine Bodenplatte mit Zugankern zur Fixierung im Untergrund im Querschnitt;

Figur 8

eine ausgeschäumte Bodenplatte mit Verschalung im Querschnitt;

Figur 9

a) eine Reißverschlussbefestigung eines Fensters in einer Wandung im Querschnitt; b) eine Scharnierbefestigung eines Fensters in einer Wandung im Querschnitt;

Figur 10

eine Bodenstabilisierungsplatte im Querschnitt;

Figur 11

eine Faserverstärkung für das Dach im Querschnitt;

Figur 12

eine Verankerung der Seitenwandung im Untergrund im Querschnitt;

Figur 13

eine erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Lagerhalle im Querschnitt;

Figur 14

ein erfindungsgemäß hergestellter Waschtisch;

Figur 15

ein erfindungsgemäß hergestelltes Wasserbecken;

Figur 16

eine geschäumter Tisch mit Verschalung im Querschnitt;

Figur 17

weitere geschäumte Einrichtungsgegenstände;

Figur 18

einen Ausschnitt einer aus mehreren Einzelhüllformen gebildet Hüllform;

Figur 19

ein Endstück für einen Reißverschluss im Längsschnitt;

Figur 20

eine T-Verbindungsstelle der Hüllform aus Figur 18 in Einzelheit in verschiedenen Ansichten;

Figur 21

eine Anordnung aus Schieber und Endstück im Reißverschluss in verschiedenen Ansichten;

Figur 22

Details eines Endstücks im Längsschnitt;

Figur 23

Verfahrensschritte beim Ausschäumen der Hüllform;

Figur 24

eine Abwandlung der Verfahrensschritte nach Figur 23;

Figur 25

beispielhaften Ausgestaltungen von Wandungen;

Figur 26

schematisch einen ersten Verfahrensschritt bei der Herstellung einer Wandungen

Figur 27-29

schematisch unterschiedliche Verfahrensschritte bei der Herstellung eines Gebäudes;

Figur 30

eine Abwandlung der Verfahrensschritte nach Figur 23;

Figur 31

schematisch die Verfahrensschritte zum Verbinden zweiter Strukturelemente;

Figur 32

die Reihenfolge beim Befüllen einer Hüllform.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures; herein shows:

figure 1

a) a building produced according to the invention in cross section; b) an enlargement of a part of the cross-section Figure 1a ;

figure 2

another cross section of a wall with distance limiting means shown;

figure 3

another cross-section of a wall with distance limiting means shown at a corner of the wall;

figure 4

another building produced according to the invention in a perspective view;

figure 5

Details of the walls with locking systems shown in cross section;

figure 6

a cross-section of walls with locking system for connecting several parts of the building;

figure 7

a base plate with tie rods for fixing to the ground in cross section;

figure 8

a cross-section of a foam-filled floor panel with casing;

figure 9

a) a zipper fastening of a window in a wall in cross-section; b) a hinge attachment of a window in a wall in cross-section;

figure 10

a ground stabilization plate in cross section;

figure 11

a fiber reinforcement for the roof in cross section;

figure 12

an anchoring of the side wall in the ground in cross section;

figure 13

a warehouse produced according to the invention in cross section;

figure 14

a vanity made according to the invention;

figure 15

a water basin made according to the invention;

figure 16

a cross-section of a foamed table with casing;

figure 17

other foamed furnishings;

figure 18

a section of an envelope form formed from a plurality of individual envelope forms;

figure 19

a zipper end in longitudinal section;

figure 20

a T-junction of the envelope shape figure 18 in detail in different views;

figure 21

an arrangement of slider and end piece in the zipper in different views;

figure 22

Details of an end piece in longitudinal section;

figure 23

Process steps when foaming the shell mold;

figure 24

a modification of the process steps figure 23 ;

figure 25

exemplary configurations of walls;

figure 26

schematically a first step in the production of a wall

Figure 27-29

schematically different process steps in the production of a building;

figure 30

a modification of the process steps figure 23 ;

figure 31

schematically the method steps for connecting second structural elements;

figure 32

the order when filling an envelope shape.

figure 1 shows schematically the structure of a simple building 10, which is produced by the method according to the invention. In Figure 1a A cross section through the completed building 10 is shown. The building has walls 3 in the

Are essentially formed from foamed polymer material. These walls are a base plate 3', several side walls 3" and a roof 3"'. The walls include an envelope 1, which represents an outer skin of the walls 3 in each case. This envelope 1 is formed by foil-like material, which is selected depending on the environmental parameters. On the inside, ie the side facing an interior of the building, the shell form 1 is formed by an inner shell 11, which is preferably a textile fabric that is similar in feel to wallpaper.

On the outside, ie the side facing the outside of the building, the envelope 1 is formed by an outer shell 12, which is preferably tailored to the weather conditions of the predefined location. In sunny areas, the outer shell 12 is preferably formed from a film with a correspondingly high UV resistance; in colder regions, the outer shell 12 will be a waterproof and cold-resistant (frost-resistant foil) foil. Between the inner shell 11 and the outer shell 12 there are distance-limiting means 13 in the form of tapes, threads or ropes, which define a maximum distance between the inner shell 11 and the outer shell 12 . When the envelope 1 is foamed, which will be explained in more detail below, the distance-limiting means 13 prevent the outer envelope 12 and the inner envelope 11 from moving too far apart. So that the wall thickness of the wall 3 is fixed locally by the distance limiting means 13 .

Figure 1b shows the in Figure 1a circled section of the wall of the building enlarged. It can be seen that an area foamed with polymer foam 2 is formed between the outer shell 12 and the inner shell. After curing, the foam, in particular together with the enveloping material, provides the stability for the respective wall 3 for the most part.

To stabilize the foamed floor panel 3', it is covered with one or more floor stabilization panels 4, in particular made of wood or plastic; the material of the floor stabilization panel 4 has in particular a higher hardness than the foamed foam material 2 . The base plate 3 'and / or the ground stabilization plate 4 is fixed via tie rods 5 in the subsoil 6 of the site. A window or door opening 7 is usually already incorporated into the envelope forms during prefabrication, but can also be produced by subsequent sawing out of the hardened foam material.

The basic structure of the walls 3 is also in figure 2 shown. The outer shell 12 and the inner shell 11 are drawn through and fixed by threads or ropes 13' as distance-limiting means or glued, welded or sewn-in tabs or nets 13" as distance-limiting means fixed at their distance in order to achieve a predetermined wall thickness D after foaming with polymer foam 2. A variable length of the distance-limiting means between the two outer shells makes this possible also a targeted variability of the wall thickness.The wall thickness D can be a few cm (e.g. for furniture) to more than 50 cm (e.g. for thick walls or roofs).

figure 3 clarifies the function of the distance-limiting means using the example of a reinforced corner of a wall. The shape of the corner and thus the course of the distance between the outer shell 12 and the inner shell 11 is set in a targeted manner by means of distance limiting means 13 of different lengths.

The polymer foam is injected into the intermediate space via inlet openings 9, in particular inlet valves, which are inserted into the shell at specific intervals. The polymer foam spreads as a result of the expansion and sticks to the material of the shell mold. The degassing occurs through diffusion through the shell or through degassing valves (not shown) used in the shell.

figure 4 shows a building 10, which is produced using several separate individual envelope forms 1', 1", 1‴. The envelope form 1' for the base plate 3', the envelope form 1" for the side walls 3" and the envelope form 1" for the roof 1" are connected to each other at interfaces 14 on site before the foam material is filled in. In this way, a large number of individual envelope forms result in an overall envelope form, which can then be filled with foam. The interfaces 14 enable separate envelope forms to be easily connected to one another in a wide variety of combinations. As interfaces 14 Here, detachable, in particular linear, closure systems 14 are used, in particular the zipper or Velcro. Such closure systems 14 allow the individual casing forms to be quickly connected to one another and also released again (in the event of incorrect assembly). The casing form is then filled with the foam and the foam hardens, e Despite the detachable locking system, the arrangement retains its permanent stability.

Preferably, only such closure systems are used that have elements designed to be complementary to one another. A zipper has, for example, two side parts with matching staples, which are therefore equipped to complement each other; through the targeted use of closure systems with mutually complementary elements can be achieved that the shell forms for individual walls can only be correctly connected to each other. The closure system 14 between the roof and the side wall thus has different elements than the closure system between the roof and the floor panel. An incorrect assembly, for example a connection of the envelope 1‴ for the roof 3‴ with the envelope 1‴ for the base plate 3″ is thus excluded and can save valuable time in the event of a disaster.

figure 5 shows in detail, as an example, the enveloping form 1' for the base plate 3' with the enveloping form 1" for the side wall 3" and the enveloping form 1" for the side wall 3" with the enveloping form 1‴ for the roof 3' via different circumferential zippers , adhesive or Velcro strips 14′, 14″ are connected to one another. In one possible embodiment, only after the individual casing forms have been connected to one another is a common interior space, which is formed by several individual casing forms, foamed out.

figure 6 shows the modular combination of individual building parts 15 to form a larger building, for example a school or a hospital. After a building part 15' has been filled with foam, the enveloping form of the floor 3' of the first building part 15' is connected to the not yet foamed enveloping form 1' of the floor of the next second building part 15" by means of a zipper (or a Velcro or adhesive connection) 14'. After this second building part 15' has been filled with foam, any intermediate spaces 16 between the building parts 15 are sealed with tabs, for example with an adhesive tape 17; then the intermediate spaces 16 are also foamed with polymer foam (the figure 6 intersects the walls of the two buildings at the location of a passage 7 between the parts of the building). The procedure for connecting the roofs 3‴ of the two parts of the building 15 is corresponding.

The buildings 10 produced in this way are comparatively light and are secured to the ground, which is based on the figure 7 will be shown. For this purpose, the buildings are anchored in the subsoil 6 with tie rods 5, here as hinged anchors 5' or dowels 5". An anchor plate 18 is placed on the upper side of the base plate 3', against which the tie rod is screwed. The anchor plate 18 distributes the compressive forces that arise evenly onto the surface of the comparatively soft base plate 3'. In principle, the base plate 3' can also be filled with ballast material 19, which is also filled into the enveloping mold when it is foamed. Fine-grained material with a grain size of less than 2 mm, for example sand, is suitable as ballast material The stability is increased here.

figure 8 shows a further development figure 7 . The fixings via tie rods 5 in the base 6 also allow the surface of the base plate 3' to be designed during foaming in such a way that a flat base surface is produced, even if the base 6 is not flat. For this purpose, the tie rods 5 are set in such a way that formwork panels 21 fastened to them lie in a common horizontal plane. The formwork panels 21 are then fastened to the tie rods above the floor to be foamed by means of cross braces 20; the formwork panels 21 keep the surface of the floor panel 3' horizontal and level until it hardens. The cross braces 20 and the formwork panels 21 are then dismantled and reused when the next building is produced. The tie rods are shortened accordingly by removing intermediate pieces or using a cut-off grinder.

the Figure 9a illustrates how windows or doors 7 are inserted into the wall 3 with the aid of zip fasteners 22 and sewn, welded or glued tabs 23 . The tab with the zipper is attached to the casing 1. The windows 7 are formed from a film of transparent material and can be provided with a privacy screen (eg attached by a Velcro strip).

It is also possible to use dimensionally stable windows 7, in particular glass or plastic panes, in the wall, as shown in FIG Figure 9a will be shown. A simple hinge can be formed by one or more rods 24 which are simply inserted into the foam wall 3 and to which the pane is fixed.

The other figures are used to explain how heavily loaded areas of the building are specifically reinforced.

In figure 10 thin plates (e.g. plastic or HDF) are glued onto the foamed floor plate 3' as floor stabilization plates 4 to distribute the pressure load: A floor covering 25, e.g. a rubber, plastic or laminate floor covering, is applied to these floor stabilization plates 4.

Highly stressed beam areas, especially on the roof 3‴ ( figure 11 ), require high-strength casing forms 1‴, which are in particular fiber-reinforced, for example by Kevlar or similar fibers 26, and/or are provided with force-distributing elements, here a fitting 35. Bottom corners can, for example, be glued, welded or sewn on fabric made of high-strength fibers or Reinforced with metal mesh or secured against animal damage.

In an embodiment of the invention that is not shown, the base plate has such a large wall thickness that the building is able to float. The building can be attached to tie rods or other fixed, stationary objects by chains or ropes and/or the building can be secured against floating away by guides. This design provides survival space for people and animals in flood areas. After the water has run off, the building sinks back to the ground.

A simplified version without a base plate, in which the side walls are anchored 3" in the ground, is shown figure 12 . Such a design allows the construction of simple garages and material stores. figure 13 shows another version as a round arch with foam filling, with tie rods 5, front and rear wall 3" and roller door 27.

With the help of molded parts made of plastic, ceramic, wood or metal inserted before foaming, the production of permanently installed items of furniture is conceivable. Examples of this are sanitary facilities such as showers, toilets, washbasins. figure 14 shows this using the example of a washbasin 28. In this case, a wall 3"" is produced by foaming, as already described. A washbasin molded part 29 is glued to the wall 3""; a drain pipe 30 is already integrated in the enveloping form 1 before the foaming and is automatically laid in the wall 3″″ by the foaming. The casing for the washbasin can also be connected to the casing for the base plate via a locking system that has been described.

figure 15 shows an embodiment of a water basin 31, for example a bathtub, a therapy pool or a (drinking) water reservoir. The watertightness is achieved by a glued-in sealing layer 32, in particular a rubber layer or plastic film.

figure 16 shows a table 33 as another example of a foam-filled piece of furniture. Furnishings of this type, which require a high degree of precision in their shape, are foamed with the additional use of casing 34, which fixes the object in the critical dimensions until it hardens. The cover form 1 for the table is kept in shape by the formwork 34 made of wood, cardboard or plastic, for example. After foaming, the casing 34 can be removed and the casing can be reused for the next table. Such formwork is also used in the foaming for other wall areas where a special Dimensional accuracy is required, e.g. for window and door openings.

figure 17 shows examples of other furnishings that can be created in this way, such as a table with additional stabilizing struts ( Figure 17a ), a chair ( Figure 17b ), a chair ( Figure 17c ), a shelf ( Figure 17d ) and a bed ( Figure 17e ) with a recess for a mattress.

figure 18 shows a top view of a section of a cover mold 1 formed from several individual cover molds 1'-1‴ʺ. The individual individual cover molds are each connected to one another by zippers 22. The following is based on the Figures 18-22 on the zip fasteners, which connect a first individual casing 1' with a second and a third individual casing 1", 1‴.

A basically known zip fastener comprises two side parts 41, each with side part ends 51 (see FIG figure 19 ), and a slider 42. The slider 42 encompasses the side parts 41 and is pushed along the side parts 41 in the sliding direction S to close it. Depending on the direction, the zip fasteners, which are not explained in any more detail here, are engaged or disengaged from one another during the displacement. A zip fastener, as is known from a piece of clothing, for example, has an end piece on the side part ends 51 which encompasses both side parts and ensures that the side part ends 51 and thus the side parts 41 do not become detached from one another during use.

The side parts 41 ', 42 ", 43 ‴ are in the area of a T-junction 43, such as Figure 20a shows in detail offset from one another in such a way that the mutually corresponding side part ends 51, 51 are not aligned with one another or are arranged offset with respect to one another. However, in order to permanently connect the side parts 41 to one another, end pieces 43, 44, 45 are provided which encompass the side parts 41 and are placed on the respective ends of the closed zipper after the respective zipper has been closed. A "closed zip fastener" refers to a section of two mutually complementary side parts 41 which engage with one another, as is the case, for example, in Figure 19b and figure 20 , right part. Such end pieces can be designed as I-end pieces 44, T-end pieces 43 or X-end pieces 45.

Figure 19a and 19b shows an example of a longitudinal section through an end piece 44, here an I-end piece 44. The end piece has a receiving space 46 for receiving the side parts 41. The end piece has an enlarged receiving area 47 and a reduced receiving area 48 adjacent thereto. The enlarged one Receiving area 47 can receive end portions 52 of side panels when the associated zipper is open at this point ( Figure 19a ). The reduced receiving area 47 can receive end areas 52 of side parts when the associated zipper is closed at this point ( Figure 19b ). This feature is applicable to all types of end pieces.

In principle, an end piece can have several separate receiving spaces 46', 46'' for side parts. Side parts of different zippers can be received in each receiving space. figure 20 shows such a possibility.

Figure 20a shows a section through the T-end piece 43 figure 18 , top view. the Figures 20b and 20c show the T-end piece in a side view, viewed from the right in the sliding direction S. The first side part 41' runs through the first receiving space 46' of the end piece 43; the side parts 41″ and 41″ each end in the T-end piece 43. Two enlarged receiving areas 47 and a reduced receiving area 48 lying between them can be seen in the first receiving space 46.

In addition, another closed zipper ends here in the T-end piece in the second receiving space 46", which with its respective side part ends (identified with the reference number 52*) in the Figure 20a is drawn. This further closed zipper is aligned at an angle to the aforementioned zipper.

the figure 20 11 shows an example in which the corresponding side part ends 51 are not aligned with each other (the side part ends of the side part 41' are out of the picture here) in the slide fastener in the accommodation space 46'. In the case of the zipper in the receiving space 46'', the two corresponding side part ends 52* are aligned with one another.

Basically, depending on the design of the side parts, the closed zipper can provide a sufficiently high level of tightness. Here, a comparatively high viscosity of the foam and rapid curing have a positive effect; some leakage is acceptable. In the area of a side part end, where the closed zip fastener naturally ends, the tightness may not be sufficient without further measures. The end pieces can contribute to improving the tightness here.

In order to fix the relative position of an end piece on the side part, for example a bolt may be provided, for example in the form of a needle 51 inserted through it, which secures the position of the end piece relative to the side part ( figure 18 , 20b, 20c ).

In a further development, the slide 42 can be connected to an end piece 43, 44, 45 via a safety mechanism which prevents the slide 42 from being accidentally removed from the end piece. This is based on the Figures 21a and 21b exemplified at the end piece 43 explained. Figure 21a shows a longitudinal section parallel to the sliding direction S, Figure 21b shows a partially sectioned plan view. The slide 42 has a barb 49 which engages behind a securing surface 50 of the end piece 44 . The barb can also be attached to the end piece 44 and the securing surface to the slide 42 . This securing principle is also suitable for other types of end pieces.

An inner surface of the receiving area of the end piece can be provided with a material 61 which increases friction ( figure 22 ). This also applies to all types of end pieces. For example, rubber-like materials can be used, which cling to the side part 41 and prevent the side part 41 from slipping out of the end pieces. It is particularly advantageous if the friction-increasing material 61 supports the insertion of the side part, but prevents it from being removed. For this purpose, fibers can be used which are arranged in such a way that they point away from an opening, such as in FIG figure 22 is shown. Plastic or fabric surfaces with a "fur character" and a strong "dash line" are particularly suitable. Fibers, such as hair or wires, can act like a barb.

figure 23 shows one way in which fixed structural elements 53, explained here using a wooden post as a representative, are integrated into the production of the building. In Figure 23a two initially free-standing wooden posts 53 can be seen, as well as a first individual envelope 1'. The wooden post 53 is introduced through an opening 55 into the individual shell mold 1'. A second individual casing 1" is connected to the first individual casing 1' by at least one zipper 22, e.g. two zippers or a circumferential zipper. The two individual casings 1', 1" now delimit a receiving space in which the wooden post 53 is accommodated ; the opening 55 is thus closed. This receiving space is now filled with foam to form a wall 3 ( Figure 23c ). The wooden post 53 is surrounded by the foamed material and can increase the stability of the wall 3 produced.

figure 24 shows the almost identical process sequence, for example for a corner piece. The second individual casing 1" can be formed by a narrow strip which closes the opening 55 of the first individual casing 1'. This narrow strip 1" can also be formed integrally with the first individual casing 1'.

figure 25 shows different side parts as walls. Closed side parts ( Figure 25a ), side panels with a window frame ( Figure 25b ) or side panels with a door frame ( Figure 25c ) are formed.

Based on Figures 26 to 29 the steps for constructing a building using structural elements 53 are explained. First, a floor is made through the use of floor unit shell molds 1', 1" and solid structural members 53 ( figure 26 ) as it is based on the figure 23 was described. The wall produced there now corresponds to a floor part as a wall. Alternatively, a previously prepared floor can also be used.

Structural elements 53 projecting upwards, for example wooden posts or metal rods, are now arranged on the floor ( figure 27 ). Now side wall 3 can be prepared as based on the figure 23 was described.

figure 28 shows that a roof construction is applied to the structural elements for the side walls. The walls of the roof can accordingly figure 23 getting produced.

figure 29 shows the completed building with roof parts and side parts. The order in which the side parts and the roof parts are mounted is arbitrary. In order to protect the walls, edge strips 54 are preferably attached to edges of the walls.

figure 30 shows a modification of the process steps figure 23 . The structural element 53 is now a window or door frame. The second casing in the form of a tab 1" is attached to the structural element 53, for example glued on. The structural element 53 is partially inserted through the opening 55 into the first individual casing. The opening 55 is then closed by means of a zipper 22 and the subsequent foaming.

figure 31 shows a possibility for attaching a second structural part 53" to a first structural part 53', which is already surrounded by an enveloping form 1 and in particular foamed around it. Here, the second structural part 53' is placed on the enveloping form 1 and then the two structural parts 53', 53" are screwed together with a screw 56. The screw 56 penetrates the casing mold 1 and in particular the foamed material 2.

Based on figure 32 the method for filling an envelope mold 1 is explained. The foaming material is stored in a reservoir 58 . The material is pumped into lines 60 by means of a pump 59 . The lines 60 are connected to inlet valves 57 on the shell mold 1 . First, a first quantity of foaming material is conveyed into the casing mold 1 via a lower inlet valve. The filled-in material of the first amount then hardens. A second quantity of foaming material is then conveyed into the same casing mold through an inlet valve located above. The filled-in material of the second quantity then hardens. This process is repeated until the casing mold 1 is completely filled.

Reference List

1

envelope form

2

polymer foam

3

wall

4

soil stabilization plate

5

tie rod

6

underground

7

opening in the walls

8th

Corner

9

intake valve

10

building

11

inner sleeve

12

outer shell

13

distance limiting means

14

locking system

15

building part

16

space

17

duct tape

18

anchor plate

19

sand as ballast

20

cross braces

21

formwork panel

22

zipper

23

tab

24

hinge bar

25

flooring

26

fiber reinforcement

27

rolling gate

28

vanity

29

Sink Molding

30

drain pipe

31

water basin

32

sealing layer

33

table

34

formwork

35

fitting

40

side panel

41

slider

42

side panels

43

T-tail

44

I tail

45

X-tail

46

recording room

47

increased recording area

48

reduced recording area

49

barb

50

fuse area

51

Latch/Needle

52

side panel end

53

solid structural element

54

edge moldings

55

opening

56

screw

57

intake valve

58

reservoir

59

pump

60

Management

61

friction-increasing material

62

opening

D

Wall thickness

S

sliding direction

Claims (10)

1. A method of manufacturing a building (10), the building (10) comprising a plurality of walls (3) and being immovably positioned at a predefined location, the method comprises the following method steps:

   Spreading a flexible enveloping form (1), in particular made of film-like material,

   at the predefined location,

   Filling the flexible enveloping form (1) with a foaming material (2),

   Curing of the foaming material (2), thereby forming stable walls (3) of the building (10),

   characterised in that

   in that the flexible enveloping form (1) is arranged at least partially around at least one solid structural element (53), and

   in that the solid structural element (53) is at least partially enclosed by the foaming material.
2. Method according to the previous claim,

   characterised in that

   that an enveloping form (1) is formed by a plurality of individual enveloping form (1', 1ʺ, 1‴),

   wherein a second of the individual enveloping form (1", 1‴) is connected to a first of the individual enveloping moulds (1', 1") via an, in particular releasable, fastener system (14) prior to foaming thereof.
3. Method according to the previous claim,
   characterised in that
   in that a first fastener system (14') for connecting the enveloping form (1') of a first wall (3') to the enveloping form (1") of a second wall (3") has different fastener elements than a second fastener system (14") for connecting the enveloping form (1") of the second wall (3") to the enveloping form (1‴) of a third wall (3‴).
4. Method according to one of claims 2 or 3,
   characterised in that
   in that the fastener system is formed by a zip fastener (22).
5. Method according to the previous claim,

   characterised in

   that a closed zip fastener is formed by two side parts (41) which are engaged with each other,

   that, after engagement, an end piece (43, 44, 45) is guided over one end of the closed zip fastener, the end piece (43, 44, 45) engaging around at least one side part end (51) of the closed zip fastener.
6. Method according to the previous claim,
   characterised in that
   in that the end piece (43, 44, 45) engages around exactly one side part end (51) of the closed zip fastener, in particular the mutually corresponding side part ends (51) of the two side parts (41) being arranged offset with respect to one another in the sliding direction (S).
7. Method according to claim 4, 5 or 6,
   characterised in that
   that the slide fastener comprises a slider (42) by means of which the slide fastener can be transferred from an open state into a closed state, wherein the slide fastener comprises a locking means (49, 50) which secures the slider (42) in an end position, in particular when the slide fastener is closed, against unintentional release from this end position.
8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims,

   characterised in that

   that the solid structural element (53) is initially exposed,

   in that the structural element (53) is subsequently at least partially introduced into the enveloping form (1) through an opening (55) of the enveloping form (1), and

   in that the opening (55) in the enveloping mould (1) is subsequently closed, in particular by joining two individual enveloping forms, in particular using the steps according to one of claims 4 to 6.
9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims,

   characterised in that

   that a first quantity of foaming material is initially filled into the envelope form (1) in a lower region,

   that subsequently the first quantity hardens at least partially,

   in that a second quantity of foaming material is subsequently filled into the envelope form (1) on top of the first quantity of foaming material.
10. A method of manufacturing and disposing of a building (10) comprising manufacturing a building (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, further a crushing of the walls and subsequently feeding the crushed walls to an incineration or recycling process.

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