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EP3205398A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines zeolithkatalsysators - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung eines zeolithkatalsysators Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3205398A1
EP3205398A1 EP17151392.2A EP17151392A EP3205398A1 EP 3205398 A1 EP3205398 A1 EP 3205398A1 EP 17151392 A EP17151392 A EP 17151392A EP 3205398 A1 EP3205398 A1 EP 3205398A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zeolite
lta
manufacturing
lta zeolite
copper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17151392.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Suk Bong Hong
Donghui JO
Taekyung RYU
Gi Tae Park
In-Sik Nam
Pyung Soon Kim
Chang Hwan Kim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hyundai Motor Co
POSTECH Academy Industry Foundation
Kia Corp
Original Assignee
Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
POSTECH Academy Industry Foundation
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from KR1020160165932A external-priority patent/KR20170095118A/ko
Application filed by Hyundai Motor Co, Kia Motors Corp, POSTECH Academy Industry Foundation filed Critical Hyundai Motor Co
Publication of EP3205398A1 publication Critical patent/EP3205398A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • B01J37/0018Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J29/04Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/041Mesoporous materials having base exchange properties, e.g. Si/Al-MCM-41
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    • B01J29/044Iron group metals or copper
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    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
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    • F01N2570/14Nitrogen oxides

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a zeolite catalyst. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a zeolite catalyst of which high-temperature performance can be improved.
  • Exhaust gas of conventaional diesel vehicles includes carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides as harmful materials. Nitrogen oxides cause environmental problems such as photochemical smog and acid rain, as well as human diseases. Therefore, there is a demand for improving engines and developing a post-treatment technology of exhaust gas.
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction
  • zeolite-based catalysts such as copper(Cu)/zeolite having excellent functions has been developed.
  • high temperature activity of such a catalyst is very important in treatment of high-temperature exhaust gas.
  • the present disclosure has been made in an effort to provide a method for manufacturing a zeolite catalyst of which high-temperature performance can be improved.
  • a method for manufacturing a zeolite catalyst according to an exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure includes: manufacturing a first Linde Type A (LTA) zeolite using an LTA seed; manufacturing a second LTA zeolite including ions by substituting ions to the first LTA zeolite; and manufacturing a copper LTA zeolite by performing copper ion exchange on the second LTA zeolite.
  • LTA Linde Type A
  • the manufacturing the second LTA zeolite may include injecting the first LTA zeolite into an ammonium salt solution to react them and then performing drying, and the ammonium salt may be ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ).
  • the performing the copper ion exchange on the second LTA zeolite may include injecting the second LTA zeolite to a copper precursor solution and then stirring.
  • the method for manufacturing the zeolite catalyst may further include, after the manufacturing the copper LTA zeolite, performing heat treatment on the copper LTA zeolite.
  • the heat treatment may be performed while increasing a temperature to 400 °C to 750 °C at a rate of 1 to 30 °C/min.
  • the heat treatment may be performed for about 1 to 24 h.
  • a Si/Al ratio of the zeolite catalyst may be 5 to 30.
  • a method for manufacturing a zeolite catalyst according to another exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure includes manufacturing a first LTA zeolite using an LTA seed; manufacturing a second LTA zeolite including ions by substituting ions to the first LTA zeolite; and manufacturing an iron LTA zeolite by performing iron ion exchange on the second LTA zeolite.
  • the performing the iron ion exchange on the second LTA zeolite may further include mixing the second LTA zeolite with at least one of iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ⁇ 9H 2 O), sulfuric acid hydrate (FeSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O), iron(II) oxalate dihydrate (FeC 2 O 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O), and iron(III) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O) and stirring.
  • iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ⁇ 9H 2 O
  • sulfuric acid hydrate FeSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O
  • iron(II) oxalate dihydrate FeC 2 O 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O
  • FeCl 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O iron(III) chloride tetrahydrate
  • the method for manufacturing the zeolite catalyst may further include, after the performing of the iron ion exchange on the second LTA zeolite, performing heat treatment on the iron LTA zeolite.
  • a method for manufacturing a zeolite catalyst includes: preparing a first mixture by mixing a 1,2-dimethyl-3-(4-methylbenzyl)imidazolium hydroxide aqueous solution, aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH) 3 ), and tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate; preparing a second mixture by mixing tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) (Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 4 ) into the first mixture and then mixing an LTA seed thereto; preparing a third mixture by evaporating ethanol and water contained in the second mixture; preparing a first LTA zeolite by mixing a hydrofluoric aqueous solution into the third mixture, heating, and then performing drying; preparing a second LTA zeolite including NH 4 + ions by injecting the first LTA zeolite into an ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) solution to react them and then drying; and
  • a copper zeolite catalyst according to an exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure is manufactured by manufacturing a first Linde Type A (LTA) zeolite using an LTA seed; manufacturing a second LTA zeolite including ions by substituting ions to the first LTA zeolite; and manufacturing a copper LTA zeolite by performing copper ion exchange on the second LTA zeolite.
  • LTA Linde Type A
  • An iron zeolite catalyst according to another exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure is manufactured by manufacturing a first LTA zeolite using an LTA seed; manufacturing a second LTA zeolite including ions by substituting ions to the first LTA zeolite; and manufacturing an iron LTA zeolite by performing iron ion exchange on the second LTA zeolite.
  • a zeolite catalyst according to an exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure include LTA zeolite including copper ion, and the Si/Al ratio of the LTA zeolite may be 5 to 30.
  • a Linde Type A (LTA) zeolite may be used as the zeolite catalyst according to the present disclosure.
  • an LTA seed is mixed in a mixture of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH) 3 ) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 4 ).
  • a 1,2-dimethyl-3-(4-methylbenzyl)imidazolium hydroxide aqueous solution and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH) 3 ) are mixed and the mixture is primarily stirred, and then tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate is additionally mixed and then secondarily stirred so as to prepare a first mixture.
  • Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 4
  • TEOS Tetraethyl orthosilicate
  • 30-35 wt% of TEOS may be mixed with respect to the total weight of the second mixture, and the amount of LTA seed may be 2-6 wt% with respect to the total weight of the entire silicon included in LTA zeolite.
  • the third stirring may be performed for about 2 to 4 h, and the fourth stirring may be performed for about 20 to 28 h.
  • the second mixture is sufficiently heated to cause hydrolysis of the TEOS, and ethanol and water generated from the hydrolysis of TEOS are evaporated such that a third mixture is prepared.
  • the second mixture may be heated at a temperature between 70 °C and 90 °C.
  • a hydrofluoric aqueous solution is mixed in the third mixture, and a fourth mixture is prepared through heating, cleansing, and drying processes.
  • the third mixture may be heated for a constant time period at a temperature of about 150 °C to 200 °C, the cleansing process may be iteratively performed, and the drying process may be performed at room temperature.
  • heat treatment is additionally performed to remove an organic material from the fourth mixture such that the LTA zeolite for manufacturing the zeolite catalyst according to the exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure is manufactured.
  • the heat treatment may be performed at a temperature between 500 °C and 700 °C for about 6 to 10 h, and a Si/Al ratio of the LTA zeolite may be 5 to 30 in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the LTA zeolite is put into ammonium salt and refluxed, and then cleansing and drying processes are performed to prepare an LTA zeolite including NH 4 + ions (i.e., NH 4 type of LTA zeolite).
  • ammonium salt may be ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ).
  • the reflux process may be performed at a temperature between 60 °C and 100 °C for about 5 to 7 h.
  • the dried NH 4 type of LTA zeolite including NH 4 + ions undergoes copper (Cu) ion exchange such that a copper (Cu) LTA zeolite including copper ions is prepared.
  • the dried NH 4 type of LTA zeolite including NH 4 + ions is injected into a copper precursor solution such as copper acetate monohydrate, copper nitride, copper nitrate, copper sulfate, and the like, and stirred, and then cleansing and drying processes are performed such that the Cu type of LTA zeolite can be prepared.
  • a copper precursor solution such as copper acetate monohydrate, copper nitride, copper nitrate, copper sulfate, and the like
  • the NH 4 type of LTA zeolite may undergo iron (Fe) ion exchange such that a Fe type of LTA zeolite including Fe ions can be prepared in another exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure.
  • iron chloride tetrahydrate FeCl 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O
  • copper acetate monohydrate FeCl 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O
  • the Cu type of LTA zeolite is heated in an oven with a gradually increasing temperature, and then a heat treatment process is performed such that the zeolite catalyst according to the exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure is manufactured.
  • the temperature may be increased to 400 to 750 °C at a rate of 1 to 30 °C/min, and then the heat treatment may be performed to about 1 to 24 h.
  • TEOS tetraethyl orthosilicate
  • the mixture to which the hydrofluoric aqueous solution was added was injected into a steel container and then heated at 175 °C for about 17 h while rotating the container at a speed of 60 rpm such that a solid product was generated, and the solid product was iteratively cleansed and then dried at room temperature.
  • the dried mixture was heat-treated at 600 °C in a muffle furnace for about 8 h to thereby manufacture an LTA zeolite, XRD analysis was performed on the manufactured zeolite to determine that the zeolite had an LTA structure, and a Si/Al ratio was determined to be 16 through ICP analysis.
  • the mixture was iteratively cleansed with a filter and distilled water and then dried at room temperature, and the cleansing and drying processes were repeated two times such that an NH 4 type of LTA zeolite was manufactured.
  • the dried NH 4 type of LTA zeolite was injected into 100 ml of a 0.01 M copper acetate monohydrate (Cu(OAc) 2 ⁇ H 2 O) solution and then stirred at room temperature for about 6 h.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating a result of an experiment performed to measure a removal rate of nitrogen oxide in the zeolite catalyst according to an exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure and in a zeolite catalyst according to a comparative example in various temperature ranges.
  • the horizontal axis denotes a temperature (°C) and the horizontal axis denotes a removal rate (%) of nitrogen oxide.
  • the zeolite catalysts of the exemplary embodiments and the comparative examples were supplied with nitrogen (N 2 ) at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 100,000, and a removal rate of nitrogen oxide was measured while changing the temperature between 150 °C and 550 °C.
  • nitrogen N 2
  • GHSV gas hourly space velocity
  • the nitrogen oxide removal rate of Exemplary Embodiment 1 is similar to that of Comparative Example 1 until the temperature reaches 400 °C, but when the temperature exceeds 400 °C, the nitrogen oxide removal rate of Exemplary Embodiment 1 is excellent compared to Comparative Example 1.
  • the nitrogen oxide removal rate was about 30 % better than Comparative Example 2 from a zone where the temperature exceeds 300 °C.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exhaust gas purification device to which a zeolite catalyst according to an exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure is applied.
  • an exhaust gas generated from an engine 10 sequentially passes a turbocharger 20, a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) device 30, a catalyzed particulate filter 40, a spray nozzle 50, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device 60 such that harmful materials in the exhaust gas are removed.
  • DOC diesel oxidation catalyst
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction
  • the turbocharger 20, the DOC device 30, the CPF 40, the spray nozzle 50, and the SCR device 60 may be installed in an exhaust pipe 70.
  • the engine 10 includes a plurality of cylinders (not shown) for combustion of an air mixture.
  • the cylinder is connected with an intake manifold (not shown) to receive the air mixture, and the intake manifold is connected with an intake pipe (not shown) to receive external air.
  • the cylinder is connected with an exhaust manifold (not shown) such that exhaust gas generated during a combustion process is collected in the exhaust manifold.
  • the exhaust manifold is connected with the exhaust pipe 70.
  • the turbocharger 20 rotates a turbine (not shown) using energy of the exhaust gas so as to increase the air intake amount.
  • the DOC device 30 may be provided in a rear end of the turbocharger 20.
  • HC and CO are oxidized and NO is oxidized to NO 2 .
  • at least one of the zeolite catalyst, which has ion-exchanged with a transition metal and manufactured according to the above-described method of the present disclosure and a noble metal may be included in the DOC device 30, and the zeolite catalyst manufactured according to the above-described method of the present disclosure may be used as a supporter of a cold start catalyst (CSC) that intercalates NOx generated at an initial cold-starting in the DOC device 30.
  • CSC cold start catalyst
  • the CPF 40 is provided in a rear end of the DOC device 30, and includes a catalyst filter CPF.
  • the CPF 40 collects particulate matter (PM) in the exhaust gas and regenerates the collected PM (i.e., soot).
  • the regeneration of soot is performed when a pressure difference between an inlet and an outlet of the CPF 40 is higher than a predetermined pressure.
  • the spray nozzle 50 is provided between the CPF 40 and the SCR device 60 and sprays a reducing agent to an exhaust oxidized in the DOC device 30 and the CPF 40.
  • the reducing agent may be ammonia, and generally urea is sprayed from the spray nozzle 50 and the sprayed urea is decomposed to ammonia.
  • the exhaust gas mixed with the reducing agent and NO 2 generated from the DPC device 30 is supplied to the SCR device 60.
  • the SCR device 60 is provided in a rear end of the spray nozzle 50, and includes the zeolite catalyst ion-exchanged with the transition metal, manufactured according to the above-described method of the present disclosure.
  • the SCR device 60 reduces NO x in the exhaust gas to nitrogen gas N 2 using NO 2 generated from the DOC device 30 and the reducing agent such that NO x in the exhaust gas can be reduced.
  • the Cu type of LTA zeolite catalyst according to the present disclosure which can be applied to the DOC device 30 and the SCR device 60, may be solely used or mixed with a Cu type of SSZ-13 catalyst.
  • the Cu type of SSZ-13 catalyst and the Cu type of LTA zeolite catalyst according to the exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure are mixed, low-temperature performance and high-temperature performance can be more improved.

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