EP3261407A1 - Radiant heater with heating pipe element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a radiant heater comprising: - At least one heating tube element with a heating tube which is transparent or semi-transparent to infrared rays, the at least one heating tube element having a plurality of carbon fibers inside the heating tube, which form a dimensionally stable infrared heating spiral of a carbon cord; - at least one reflector, the reflector being an infrared reflector adapted to the infrared spectrum of the heating tube element; - A housing with a transparent front for infrared rays and with a front surrounding the infrared rays shielding edge and back; wherein the reflector has a focusing curvature, wherein the at least one heating tube element is arranged in a focus area of the curvature, wherein the transparent front side is formed by a front glass panel which has a transparency coefficient of ‰¥ 0.9 between an IR-A and an IR-B wavelength range and has a transparency coefficient of in particular <0.5 in the visible range, wherein the carbon fibers have an operating temperature between 1400°C ‰¤ TB ‰¤ 1800°C and an air convection channel is arranged between the infrared reflector and the surrounding housing, which has openings to the surrounding air.

Description

The invention relates to a radiant heater with Heizrohrelement. The heating tube element has a heating tube that is transparent or semitransparent for infrared rays. The heating tube is arranged in a focus area of a reflector having at least one focusing curvature. The at least one heating tube element is arranged in a housing with at least one front which is open for infrared rays or transparent or semitransparent.

Such radiant heater is from the document DE 39 03 540 A1 known. In this case, the reflector of the orientation of the heat radiation is used to an open front side of the housing.

The heating tubes used in the known radiant heater are not described in detail in the above document and can as infrared radiators have a heating element made of carbon fibers, as is known from the publication EP 1 168 418 B1 is known. The known heating element of carbon fibers is arranged in a quartz tube, wherein the carbon fibers have the shape of a helix of a carbon ribbon. Such a coil of a carbon fiber carbon fiber has the disadvantage that it shadows the reflector broadband, so that the shaded area of the reflector can not contribute to the reflection of the infrared rays towards the open or infrared transparent or infrared-transparent front of the radiant heater.

The object of the invention is to provide an improved radiant heater, which makes better use of the infrared radiation of carbon fibers.

This object is achieved with the subject matter of independent claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

An embodiment of the invention has a radiant heater with heating tube element. The heating tube element has a heating tube that is transparent or semitransparent for infrared rays. The heating tube is arranged in a focus area of a reflector having at least one focusing curvature. The at least one heating tube element is arranged in a housing with at least one front which is open for infrared rays or transparent or semitransparent. The housing has infrared rays shielding edges and backs. The at least one heating tube element has within the heating tube on a plurality of carbon fibers forming a dimensionally stable infrared heating coil of a carbon cord, wherein the reflector is adapted to the infrared spectrum of the Heizrohrelements infrared reflector.

This radiant heater has the advantage of reduced shadowing of the infrared reflector as compared to a radiant heater with a heating tube element comprising a carbon ribbon, since the carbon fibers form a dimensionally stable infrared spiral of a carbon cord. A carbon cord does not shade the infrared reflector broadband, since the cross section of the carbon cord is round or circular and thus a coil of carbon cord allows greater reflective spaces between the turns of the coil than a broadband shielding the infrared reflector coil of a carbon ribbon.

In another embodiment of the invention, the carbon string of the infrared heating coil may comprise laid, knitted, braided, knitted or woven carbon fibers or another form of interconnection of the carbon fibers with each other. The braided connection of the carbon fibers is of particular advantage because it combines the carbon fibers in a confined space with each other and thus ensures the dimensional stability of a Infrarotesizspirale made of a braided carbon cord reliable and durable.

Furthermore, it is provided that the infrared heating coil in an operating state infrared radiation of an infrared wavelength having a maximum in a transition region between an IR-A and IR-B. It is in this context, a transition region, an infrared wavelength λ _R of between 1.2 microns ≤ λ _R understood ≤ 2.4 microns, so that the limit of 1.4 microns between the short-wave infrared range IR-A and the medium-wave infrared range IR B, which is characterized by the absorption line of the infrared spectrum for water molecules, is included in the transition region.

The position of the maximum of the infrared radiation of the infrared heating coil is ensured in a further embodiment in this transition region, because the carbon fibers of the infrared heating coil an operating temperature T _B between 1400 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1800 ° C, preferably between 1500 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1750 ° C, and more preferably between 1580 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1620 ° C. This will be explained in detail with the diagram in the attached FIG. 1 explained in more detail.

In order to radiate the carbon fibers of the carbon cord of the dimensionally stable infrared heating coil in the specified temperature ranges, in a further embodiment of the invention, end regions of the infrared heating coil of metal transition elements, preferably of nickel, are enclosed. The metal transition elements merge into molybdenum bands, which in turn are electrically connected to through-contacts of gas-tightly closed ends of the heating tube.

Thus, via the vias a corresponding supply voltage of usually 100 V to 230 V to the infrared heating spiral made of carbon fibers, which compared to strip-shaped carbon fibers (flake) has the advantage that the upstream voltage control, as in heating elements with strip-shaped carbon fibers (flake) and Power control as required by Halogenheizstrahlern can be omitted.

Especially since due to the negative temperature coefficient of the heating resistor of carbon fibers, the operating temperature is reached in a few seconds, preferably between 1 to 3 seconds, which is why the aforementioned transition region of the infrared radiation according to the invention also partially protrudes into the broader range of fast infrared central waves of the IR-B spectrum, as is it FIG. 1 clarified.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the heating tube has a quartz glass which is transparent to infrared rays in the transition region from IR-A to IR-B and has a transparency coefficient T _r of at least T _r ≥ 0.99. At the same time this means that the sum of the reflection coefficient and the absorption coefficient of the
transparent quartz glass in the infrared ray transition region from IR-A to IR-B ≤ 0.01.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the heating tube for infrared rays in the transition region from IR-A to IR-B has a semi-transparent quartz glass with a frosted or with a particle-blasted opaque outer surface. In this case, the visible part of the infrared heating coil will appear to be diffuse, reducing the amount of visible light from the infrared heating coil outside the heating tube and preventing glare of the eyes, as is common with halogen heaters. In this case, the absorption coefficient of the quartz tube increases slightly, so that the transmission coefficient can drop to 0.90.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a reflective and curved surface of the infrared reflector faces towards the infrared spiral reflecting layers of metal oxides preferably of Al ₂ O ₃ with a reflection coefficient R between 0.85 ≦ R ≦ 0.98, preferably between 0.92 ≦ R ≦ 0.98 for infrared rays of an infrared wavelength λ _R between 1.2 μm ≤ λ _R ≤ 2.4 μm in the transition region from IR-A to IR-B and up to IR-C.
The advantage of such Metallloxidverspiegelungsschichten is that the reflection coefficient R decreases both before the preferred infrared wavelength range, but in the entire interesting infrared transition wave range to the long wavelength range, which is used according to the invention, this high adapted to the transitional wave range reflection coefficient R has, as it attached diagram of FIG. 3 shows.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the curvature of the infrared reflector has edge strips embossed on segment strips, which are pressed into a sheet metal of an aluminum alloy with an infrared-reflecting coating in stages. This has the advantage that it creates embossed longitudinal beads between the segment strips, which produce increased dimensional stability over the entire length of the infrared reflector. On the one hand, the segment strips support the alignment of the reflection, and on the other hand, an orientation of the edge regions on the open or infrared-transparent or infrared-transparent front of the housing of the radiant heater is intensified.

In another embodiment of the invention, the infrared reflector is arranged directly on the heating tube and has oxide ceramic layers. For this purpose, an oxide ceramic layer MgO, SiO ² , Al ² O ³ is preferably arranged on the heating tube of quartz glass, which lies with its reflection coefficient R in the above-mentioned range for the infrared wavelength transition region between IR-A to IR-B and up to IR-C.

Such a heating tube with preferably an infrared reflector on the heating tube itself can be surrounded in another embodiment of the invention by an infrared ray-transparent or semi-transparent protective tube. Such a protective tube has a minimum temperature resistance of ≥ 1200 ° C, so that in an implosion or break of the quartz heating tube, the environment and in particular the radiant heater housing construction is protected.

Furthermore, it is provided that between the protective tube and a protective tube surrounding partially with margins and backs Housing an air convection is arranged. This air convection duct advantageously ensures on the one hand that the housing which partially surrounds the radiant heater or the protective tube is cooled, and on the other hand makes it possible to dispense the absorbed energy of the air and moisture molecules of the surroundings of the radiant heater to be heated.

In one embodiment of the invention, which includes an infrared reflector spaced from the heating tube, an air convection channel is disposed between the infrared reflector and a surrounding housing having openings for ambient air having different geodetic heights in mounting arrangements of the radiant heater, through which cooling air convection along a curved outer surface of the infrared reflector and an inner surface of the housing spaced from the outer surface.

For this purpose, elongated slots are arranged between edge sides of the housing and the edge regions of the infrared reflector, wherein the infrared reflector is held floating even by resilient rubber-elastic silicone profile pieces in the edge sides of the housing. In addition, a perforated sheet metal strip is arranged along the housing half-shells between two housing halves, via which air convection can take place between the longitudinal slots of the elongate slots and the perforated metal sheet strip between the two housing shells. The housing half-shells can have tailor-made production lengths of extruded aluminum profiles.

Furthermore, it is provided that the inner surface of the housing has rib-shaped bulges, which are used to trigger Air vortex protrude into the Luftkonvektionskanal. This has the advantage that the cooling exchange of heat between the reflector back and the inside of the housing surrounding the infrared reflector is intensified.

In a further embodiment, the housing has two extruded aluminum half shells with a structured inner surface, wherein the half shells are connected in a form-fitting manner to a rear side of the housing via at least two connecting pieces of an extruded connection profile. For this purpose, it is provided that at least from the end faces of the housing half-shells of the extruded connection profile pieces can be inserted into corresponding receiving pockets on the inside of the aluminum half-shells. B a mounting of end covers, the end covers on fixing elements of the housing halves can be fixed.

As already mentioned above, the perforated metal strip is arranged on the rear side of the housing between the two extruded aluminum half-shells and the connecting pieces. For this purpose, the transitions of the aluminum half-shells corresponding elongated guide grooves, in which the perforated sheet metal strip can be inserted.

Furthermore, it is provided that the at least one open or transparent or semitransparent front side of the housing has a front cover which is covered by a high-temperature-resistant, white or colored or intransparent dark brown or black appearing front glass panel in the visible light spectrum. This front glass panel, which appears white or colored or intransparent dark brown or black in the visible light spectrum, is in the infrared transition region between the IR-A and the IR-B highly transparent with a transparency coefficient of ≥ 0.9, although in the visible range very much in the white-appearing embodiment and slightly lower in the colored appearing front glass panel slightly more the energy of the entire visible spectrum absorbed by absorption and reflection and predominantly converted into thermal energy.

In this case, the at least one infrared transparent or semitransparent front of the housing have an air convection channel between the visible in the visible light spectrum white or colored or intransparent front glass panel and directed to the Heizrohrelement inner wall of the infrared reflector. For this purpose, the air convection channel between the front glass plate and the inner wall of the infrared reflector having an air inlet opening and an air outlet opening in the form of longitudinal slots. This air convection duct is used to cool the white or colored or intransparent black front glass panel, which is only suitable for long-term service temperatures up to 800 ° C.

In addition, it is possible alternatively to provide a viewing and access guard to provide visibility or glare or weather or access protection in itself open front side of a radiant heater. The protective grid may preferably comprise a stainless chromium / nickel iron alloy or an anodized aluminum alloy sheet having high dimensional stability and high weather resistance.

Furthermore, it is provided that the front of the radiant heater can be covered by an infrared-absorbing front cover, wherein the material of the front cover the Absorbed infrared rays of the medium IR wavelength of the Kohlenstoffheizspirale and converts into a long-wave IR-C radiation. The IR-C radiation is also called far-infrared radiation or long-wave infrared radiation. The front cover forms in cooperation with preferably several infrared heater tube elements a fast dark radiator, which can be used well protected in household, trade and industry both inside and outside and is suitable for a safe, plan installation in conventional ceiling structures.

For this purpose, a quartz tube with Karbonheizspirale can be used as infrared heater tube, which is partially covered by an oxide ceramic reflector, wherein additionally within the housing of the radiant heater, a heat shield of reflector material having a focus region having curvature of an infrared reflective alumina material, with a Luftkonvektionskanal between the back of the Infrared reflector and the edge and rear sides of the housing is arranged and ensures safe and low system temperatures.

On the inside of the structured front cover is arranged a structure with bulges, which allow efficient heat absorption of the infrared spectrum of the infrared radiation of the carbon heating spiral. On the outer surface of the structured front cover longitudinal ribs are arranged, which form an aluminum heating profile with efficient heat radiation for the IR-C radiation area to the room air. Such a Dunkelheizstrahler can be equipped with a three-stage circuit for coarse adjustment of the heat output to be delivered and also have a sensitive temperature control for space or external heating.

For this purpose, it is provided that the radiant heater has a receiving and control module on boards or on printed circuits in the housing of the radiant heater, which is in wireless communication with a portable control device.

For this purpose, the portable control unit may have at least one power level switch and a continuously variable temperature controller and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor detects a temperature actual value of the environment to which the radiant heater is directed. In this case, the temperature controller is designed such that it regulates the ambient temperature to an adjustable temperature on the control unit temperature setpoint.

Furthermore, it is provided that the radiant heater has guide rails on its rear side, in which fastening elements are arranged.

For this purpose, the fasteners can slidably slide for adjustable fixation of a support arm in the guide rails, wherein the support arm is provided for a wall, ceiling or tripod fixing the radiant heater in alignment with a warming or to be heated environment.

Furthermore, it is provided to arrange a Heizstrahlerpilz on a stand and equip at least one annular Heizrohrelement with an annular infrared reflector of a radiant heater. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the Heizstrahlerpilz two annular Kohlenstofffaserheizelemente with very short reaction time of 2 to 3 seconds and a high radiation efficiency> 93% for the heating of air humidity and the surfaces with low penetration depth with a very long life > 10000 hours of carbon heating coil and quartz tube with frosted surface to create a pleasant, diffused, visible light. In this case, the stand can be adjusted in height and protrude into a central receptacle of Heizstrahlerpilzes. The foot of the stand can be designed such that a height-adjustable telescopic rod projects into a central receptacle of the stand base.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that an enveloping structure simultaneously spreads colored light and infrared heat radiation in an environment, the enveloping structure having a radiant heater of the type described above. Such envelope structures, which are transparent to both colored light and infrared heat radiation, can have different, mushroom-like, columnar or spherical contours, which, in particular due to the carbon heating coil of the infrared heating tubes in the preferred region, the transition between IR-A to IR-B a warm, to spread visible light color in outdoor areas of terraces or interior areas of living spaces.

In addition, it is provided that an infrared radiator has a radiant heater of the type described above. For this purpose, the infrared radiator can be arranged in a housing, wherein the air to be heated convectively flows in at least three Luftkonvektionskanälen through the Infrarotradiatorgehäuse and heats up moisture and air molecules and partitions and inner walls of the Infrarotradator housing. In this case, an air convection channel, which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the infrared heater tubes, particularly effective because the preferred range of infrared radiation in the transition region between IR-A and IR-B includes the water absorption line, which forms the beginning of the IR-B area, and thus moisture molecules are heated rapidly and intensively in this Luftkonvektionsbereich and heat the effluent from corresponding openings of the infrared radiator air in a few seconds.

On the other hand, within the infrared radiator to transfer the radiant energy from the transition region between IR-A to IR-B in a room air-heating IR-C of the remote infrared spectrum, the infrared radiator on intermediate walls with a highly effective radiation uptake, which ensures after the radiation conversion that also the outer contour of the infrared radiator can deliver heat to the room air in a permissible surface temperature range.

Furthermore, it is provided that a heating fan is equipped with a radiant heater in a further embodiment of the invention. For this purpose, the fan heater on at least one ring or U-shaped heating tube element with ring or U-shaped adapted Karbonheizspirale. A fan is so aligned with the radiant heater with annular or U-shaped heating tube element that the air and moisture molecules from the infrared radiation of the at least one ring or U-shaped Heizrohrelements of the infrared radiation in the inventive transition region of IR-A to IR-B Radiation to be heated.

Again, the advantage of the rapid infrared radiation absorption in the range of 1.4 microns of the infrared spectrum is used, in which the moisture molecules of the ambient air are heated by the Karbonheizspirale at the above temperatures in a few seconds and in the air flow of the blower with the air molecules to a warming until the airflow is heated depending on the speed setting or speed control of the blower. In such a fan heater heating tube elements are preferably used with carbon spirals in quartz tubes, the quartz tubes are partially coated with an oxide ceramic reflector. The heat energy is absorbed by the efficient IR radiation of the hot heating tube elements from the air flowing through outside the fan heater.

Figur 1

zeigt ein Diagramm eines Infrarotwellenlängenspektrums;

Figur 2

zeigt einen schematischen Querschnitt durch einen Endbereich eines Infrarotheizrohrelements;

Figur 3

zeigt mit den Figuren 3A und 3B Diagramme von Reflexionskoeffizienten in Abhängigkeit von der Infrarotwellenlänge für drei verschiedene Qualitäten QI bis QIII von eloxierten Aluminiumblechen;

Figur 4

zeigt einen schematischen Querschnitt durch einen langgestreckten Infrarotreflektor;

Figur 5

zeigt mit den Figuren 5A, 5B und 5C einen schematische Querschnitte durch einen Heizstrahler gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Figur 6

zeigt mit den Figuren 6A, 6B und 6C schematische Querschnitte durch einen Heizstrahler gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Figur 7

zeigt in Figur 7A einen schematischen Querschnitt durch den Heizstrahler gemäß Figur 6 entlang einer Schnittlinie A-A, die in Figur 7B gezeigt wird;

Figur 8

zeigt mit den Figuren 8A und 8B schematische Ansichten eines Heizstrahlers in Wandmontage und in Deckenmontage;

Figur 9

zeigt eine schematische Ansicht von Heizstrahlern an einem höheverstellbaren Stativ;

Figur 10

zeigt eine schematische Ansicht eines Heizstrahlers in Pilzform;

Figur 11

zeigt einen schematischen Querschnitt durch den Heizstrahlerpilz gemäß Figur 10 im Detail;

Figur 12

zeigt mit den Figuren 12A und 12B einen Heizstrahler gemäß Figur 11 als Standheizstrahler und als Deckenheizstrahler und mit den Figuren 12C, 12D und 12G Transparenzkurven für unterschiedliche Glasqualitäten einer Frontglasplatte;

Figur 13

zeigt mit den Figuren 13A und 13B einen Heizstrahler mit einer Hüllstruktur in Form eines Lampenschirms, in Kombination Standheizstrahler / Stehlampe und Deckenheizstrahler / Deckenlampe

Figur 14

zeigt mit den Figuren 14A und 14B schematische Querschnitte durch ein Infrarotheizrohrelement;

Figur 15

zeigt mit den Figuren 15A und 15B schematische Querschnitte durch ein Infrarotheizrohrelement mit aufgebrachtem Infrarotreflektor;

Figur 16

zeigt einen schematischen Querschnitt durch einen kompakten Heizstrahler gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Figur 17

zeigt eine Prinzipskizze mit ferngesteuerter Leistungseinstellung und Temperaturregelung eines Heizstrahlers mittels eines tragbaren Steuergeräts;

Figur 18

zeigt ein Zusammenwirken von einem in einen Heizstrahler integrierten Steuer- und Temperaturregelmodul mit frei positionierbarer Temperatursensoreinheit und einem tragbaren Steuergerät;

Figur 19

zeigt einen schematischen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform des Heizstrahlers als Dunkelstrahler;

Figur 20

zeigt mit den Figuren 20A und 20B schematische Querschnitte durch einen Infrarotradiator gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Figur 21

zeigt einen schematischen Querschnitt einer Zwischenwand in dem Infrarotradiator gemäß Figur 20;

Figur 22

zeigt mit den Figuren 22A und 22B schematische Ansichten eines Heizgebläses mit einem Infrarotheizstrahler gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures.

FIG. 1

shows a diagram of an infrared wavelength spectrum;

FIG. 2

shows a schematic cross section through an end portion of an infrared heater tube element;

FIG. 3

shows with the FIGS. 3A and 3B Charts of reflection coefficients versus infrared wavelength for three different grades QI to QIII of anodized aluminum sheets;

FIG. 4

shows a schematic cross section through an elongate infrared reflector;

FIG. 5

shows with the FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C a schematic cross-sections through a radiant heater according to a first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6

shows with the Figures 6A, 6B and 6C schematic cross-sections through a radiant heater according to a second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7

shows in FIG. 7A a schematic cross section through the radiant heater according to FIG. 6 along a section line AA, which in FIG. 7B will be shown;

FIG. 8

shows with the Figures 8A and 8B schematic views of a radiant heater in wall mounting and ceiling mounting;

FIG. 9

shows a schematic view of radiant heaters on a height-adjustable tripod;

FIG. 10

shows a schematic view of a radiant heater in mushroom shape;

FIG. 11

shows a schematic cross section through the Heizstrahlerpilz according to FIG. 10 in detail;

FIG. 12

shows with the FIGS. 12A and 12B a radiant heater according to FIG. 11 as a parking heater and ceiling heater and with the Figures 12C . 12D and 12G transparency curves for different glass qualities of a front glass panel;

FIG. 13

shows with the FIGS. 13A and 13B a radiant heater with a shell structure in the form of a lampshade, in combination heater / floor lamp and Deckenheizstrahler / ceiling lamp

FIG. 14

shows with the Figures 14A and 14B schematic cross sections through an infrared heater tube element;

FIG. 15

shows with the FIGS. 15A and 15B schematic cross sections through an infrared heater tube element with applied infrared reflector;

FIG. 16

shows a schematic cross section through a compact radiant heater according to another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 17

shows a schematic diagram with remote power setting and temperature control of a radiant heater by means of a portable control unit;

FIG. 18

shows an interaction of a built-in radiant heater control and temperature control module with freely positionable temperature sensor unit and a portable controller;

FIG. 19

shows a schematic cross section through a further embodiment of the radiant heater as a dark radiator;

FIG. 20

shows with the Figures 20A and 20B schematic cross-sections through an infrared radiator according to another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 21

shows a schematic cross section of a partition wall in the infrared radiator according to FIG. 20 ;

FIG. 22

shows with the Figures 22A and 22B schematic views of a heater fan with an infrared heater according to another embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an infrared wavelength spectrum with wavelengths λ _R on the abscissa and radiation intensities in relative units on the ordinate. The infrared wavelength range shown between 0.78 μm ≤ λ _R ≤ 5 μm is usually in a near infrared region, which includes the wavelengths between 0.78 microns ≤ λ _R ≤ 3 microns, and a far or long wavelength infrared region with wavelengths λ _R ≥ 3 microns divided up. The near infrared range between 0.78 μm ≦ λ _R ≦ 3 μm is in turn divided into a short-wave infrared range IR-A and a medium-wave infrared range IR-B. In this case, the limit forms the absorption line for water or moisture in the air at 1.4 microns, so that the IR-A range between 0.78 microns ≤ λ _R ≤ 1.4 microns and the IR-B range between 1.4 μm ≤ λ _R ≤ 3 μm.

Halogenheizstrahler are usually operated at 2400 - 2600 ° C, wherein the maximum intensity in the short-wave infrared range at a wavelength λ _R of about 1.0 microns. The intensity maximum I _M for different annealing temperatures of a filament shifts from the short-wave IR-A range over the medium-wave IR-B range to the long-wave IR-C, the maximum radiation intensity decreases with increasing infrared wavelength, as is the curve a for the maximum Wavelengths at operating temperatures between 2600 ° C for Halogenheizstrahler to operating temperatures of 900 ° C for resistance heater shows. In between are the maximum values of the heating tube elements of the present invention, in which carbon fibers are used, which are braided into a carbon cord and operated at filament operating temperatures T _B between 1400 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1800 ° C.

The maximum values of the radiation intensity in relative units occur at these filament operating temperatures at infrared wavelengths of> 1.2 μm, so that it is advantageous if, for the infrared radiator with carbon fibers according to the invention, an infrared wavelength range between 1.2 μm ≤ λ _R ≤ 2.4 μm is selected and all components, be it the infrared heating coil or the infrared reflector of the radiant heater, are optimized for this infrared range according to the invention.

This inventive and optimized infrared range forms a transition region 13 from the IR-A to the IR-B infrared radiation range, so that both the maxima for the filament temperatures of 1400 ° C to 1800 ° C lie advantageously in this inventive infrared transition region 13 of the invention as well the water absorption wavelength 1.4 μm is included in this infrared junction region 13. This means that humid air, which dominates in both outdoor and indoor areas with the help of such heaters particularly quickly absorbs the radiant energy and produces a pleasant heated air atmosphere at the usual humidity in Central Europe.

This advantageous effect is not achieved if the infrared heaters operate or are optimized exclusively in the medium-wave IR-B range or long-wave IR-C range, excluding the water absorption wavelength 1.4 μm. An optimization in the infrared transition region according to the invention is essentially determined by correspondingly adapted reflection properties of the infrared reflectors used in such radiant heaters.

First, however, this diagram is in FIG. 1 clear that carbon cords or Karbonheizspiralen operated in a temperature range between 1400 ° C and 1800 ° C, can achieve an optimal energy balance in the infrared transition region according to the invention with the infrared wavelengths between 1.2 .mu.m.ltoreq.λ _R ≦ 2.4 microns. For this purpose, however, the problem must be solved to provide a dimensionally stable carbon cord made of a variety of carbon fibers, which can be brought in a quartz tube free from the inner wall of the quartz tube dimensionally stable to annealing temperatures between 1400 ° C and 1800 ° C. Furthermore, the problem to be solved is to pass the ends of the Karbonheizspirale through the heating tube, which usually consists of a quartz tube.

The solution to this problem shows FIG. 2 with a schematic cross-section through an end portion 14 of an infrared heater tube element 2. The shaped to an infrared heating coil 11 braided in this embodiment, dimensionally stable carbon cord 12 of a plurality of carbon fibers 10 at its ends, as shown here at one end of the Karbonheizspirale 45 in Metal transition element 15 made of pure nickel, wherein the metal transition element 15 of nickel has an extension 104.

On the extension 104, a molybdenum connecting wire 62 is further fixed, which is connected to a molybdenum strip 16, on which the end portion 14 of the quartz tube is pressed, wherein a through hole 17, which in turn consists of a Molybdänverbindungsdraht 62, protruding from the compressed quartz tube end and in an outer plug 61 passes. About the outer plug 61 can now from the outside of the Karbonheizspirale 45 via the through-hole 17, the molybdenum ribbon 16, the Molybdänverbindungsdraht 62 and the metal transition element 15 of pure nickel, a heating current can be applied. Since the resistance of a carbon fiber decreases with increasing temperature, the filament operating temperature T _B between 1400 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1800 ° C is reached in a few seconds, without an inrush current control with a corresponding current limit for the heating element of the invention of the radiant heater is required.

The spiral structure of the dimensionally stable Karbonheizspirale 45 made of braided carbon fibers 10 results in spacious spaces between the individual turns of Karbonheizspirale 45, so that a shading of either arranged on the heating tube 3 infrared reflector or behind the heating tube fixed infrared reflector is correspondingly low. An infrared reflector is required to align the infrared radiation from a rear side of the heating tube element 2, for example, to a front side of the radiant heater.

FIG. 3 shows with the FIGS. 3A and 3B Charts of reflection coefficients R as a function of the infrared wavelength λ _R for three different qualities QI, QII and QIII of anodized aluminum sheets as reflectors. FIG. 3A shows a diagram for the wavelength range between 0.25 microns ≤ λ _R ≤ 2.5 microns with the range of visible light sL, the range of short-wave infrared rays IR-A between 0.78 microns ≤ λ _R ≤ 1.4 microns with the Absorption line for water at 1.4 μm as a characteristic limit to the medium-wave range IR-B between 1.4 μm ≤ λ _R ≤ 3.0 μm.

The transition region 13 according to the invention is in FIG. 3A hatched and all three qualities QI, QII and QIII show excellent reflection properties with a Reflection coefficients in the entire transition region 13 according to the invention between 1.2 μm ≦ λ _R ≦ 2.4 μm of more than 90% and for the quality QIII even up to 98% in the radiation range which is decisive for the carbon heating spirals used according to the invention.

Also in this diagram, the hydrogen absorption line of 1.4 microns is plotted, the infrared reflector of quality QIII from an anodized aluminum sheet for the first time reaches a maximum value of R over 95%, which is even exceeded at 2.3 microns and at 2, 4 microns to> 10 microns is still held at R = 98%. With this diagram, it becomes clear that the radiant heater according to the invention achieves a high energy-saving efficiency through the optimum adaptation of the filament temperature and the reflector wavelength range.

In the visible range sL of the light between 0.25 μm ≦ λ _R ≦ 0.78 μm, the reflection coefficient drops markedly for the excellent qualities QII and QIII in the IR range of interest. Then, the reflection coefficient R steeply increases and reaches for the infrared wavelength range λ _R according to the invention between 1.2 .mu.m.ltoreq.λ _R <2.4 .mu.m and up to 10 .mu.m maximum values, the up to 98% reflection in the inventive infrared transition region 13 and beyond > 10 μm as the following FIG. 3B shows deliver.

The high IR reflection is thus retained even in the long - wave infrared range> 10 μm and also reflects the lower proportion of the IR - C radiation of the carbon heating elements with predominant absorption in the air.

The vote between a high reflection factor in the critical frequency range with the filament temperature of the Heizrohrelement is crucial for energy efficiency, because otherwise a high loss of radiation energy can occur, especially since such Infrarotheizrohrelement radiates first in all directions with the same radiation intensity and without infrared reflector only a fraction in Direction of a front side of a radiant heater is delivered.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross section through an elongated infrared reflector 5, the two focus areas 25 and 25 ', in which two Heizrohrelemente 2 and 2' in the focal areas 25 and 25 'of the bends 4 and 4' of the infrared reflector 5 can be arranged. The infrared rays which strike the curved region of the infrared reflector 5 in the direction of the arrow A are reflected as almost parallel heating rays in the direction A 'on a front side of a radiant heater.

In order to make optimum use of lower side regions of such an elongate infrared reflector 5, in this embodiment of the infrared reflector 5, reflective segment strips 21, 22 and 23 are arranged in an edge region 19 and segment strips 21 ', 22' and 23 'are present in an opposite edge region 20. These reflective segment strips 21, 22 and 23 or 21 ', 22' and 23 'are flat on the entire length of the infrared reflector. At the transitions from one segment strip, for example 21, to the second segment strip, for example 22, the reflection angle changes stepwise, for example by 5 °. At the same time a preferably 1 mm wide bead 24 is disposed in the transition.

The beads 24 between the respective segment strips 21, 22 and 23 or 21 ', 22' and 23 'now additionally support the dimensional stability of the infrared reflector. Infrared rays emanating in the direction B from the segment strips 21 'm from the infrared heater tube 2' are reflected in direction B ', the angle of incidence beta being equal to the angle of departure beta'. At the end of the edge regions 19 and 20, the infrared reflector 5 has bends 65 and 66, which can be used to fix the infrared reflector 5 in its position within a housing of a radiant heater floating.

At the same time not only in the main radiation infrared energy is emitted, but also on the back 31 of the infrared reflector 5 residual heat as radiation occur because in the infrared transition region despite matched reflection properties about 2% of the radiation are not reflected, but either absorbed in the reflector material or, as shown by the arrows in the direction of arrow C, radiated from the outer surface 31 of the infrared reflector 5 with up to 2%. Since the infrared reflector also absorbs a minimum proportion of the heating radiation, the infrared reflector is heated to 180 ° C maximum during operation, in particular at filament annealing temperatures of 1800 ° C with the result that a surrounding housing is heated.

To reduce the heating of the housing and the reflector, now shows the FIG. 5 with the FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C schematic cross-sections through a radiant heater 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention. The radiant heater 1 has as FIG. 5A shows three main components, namely as the first main component two Heizrohrelemente 2 and 2 ', as the second main component of an infrared reflector 5 with two focus areas 25 and 25 'forming bends 4 and 4' and as a third main component a housing 6 with edge side contours 8 and 8 'and back contours 9 and 9' and a front side 7, which may be covered by an infrared transparent front glass plate 39 or a protective grid with protective louvers having.

The front glass plate 39 has as FIG. 5B shows in detail, on their edges 106 a circumferential U-shaped ornamental and clamping frame 107. The ornamental and clamping frame 107 not only encloses the edges 106 of the front glass plate 39, but connects the front glass plate 39 with S-shaped brackets 73, which protrude with one end in longitudinal slots 42 of silicone profile pieces 67. A second end of the bracket 73 is encompassed by the ornamental and clamping frame 107 and clamped to the edges 106 of the front glass plate 39. The silicone profile pieces 67 are arranged positively in a guide groove 68 by the contour of the silicone profile pieces 67 are adapted to bulges of a contour of the guide groove 68 or to a trapezoidal shape of the cross section of the guide groove 68.

In the longitudinal slots 42 and 42 'of the silicone profile pieces 67 are also already in FIG. 4 shown bends 65 and 66 of the infrared reflector 5, so that the infrared reflector 5 and the front glass plate 39 are floatingly held in the guide grooves 68 of the edge structures 8 and 8 '. By this floating suspension differences in the thermal expansion coefficient between the housing and the infrared reflector 5 and between the infrared reflector 5 and the front glass plate 39 are compensated and disturbing noise during heating and cooling of the Heizrohrelemente 2 and 2 'of the radiant heater 1 avoided.

The heating tube elements 2 and 2 'have the in FIG. 2 shown infrared heating coils made of a carbon cord. In order to align as far as possible the entire heating radiation of the infrared heating coils of the heating tube elements 2 and 2 'in the direction of the front side 7 of the housing 6, the heating tube elements 2 and 2' are arranged in the above-mentioned focus areas 25 and 25 'of the curvatures 4 and 4' of the infrared reflector 5 , On the effect of the segment strips 21, 21 ', 22, 22', 23 and 23 'in the edge regions 19 and 20 was already in the description of the FIG. 4 received.

The housing 6 from the front side 7 with the front glass plate 39 and the edge sides 8 and 8 'and the rear side structures 9 and 9' surrounds the infrared reflector 5 and the two heating tube elements 2 and 2 '. In this case, an air convection channel 27 is formed, which extends from the curved outer surface 31 of the infrared reflector 5 to a highly structured inner side of the edge structures 8 and 8 'and the rear side structures 9 and 9'. In the air convection 27 protrude bulges 33 of different characteristics, causing air turbulence in the Luftkonvektionskanal 27, whereby the cooling of both the back 31 of the infrared reflector 5 and the rear side structure 9 of the housing 6 is intensified.

The infrared reflector 5 is not rigidly fixed in the housing 6, but the bends 65 and 66 in the edge regions 19 and 20 of the infrared reflector 5 are held by the rubber-elastic silicone profile pieces 67 and 67 'in the guide grooves 68 floating, the silicone rubber profile pieces 67 and 67 'are arranged only in pieces or at points along the length of the guide grooves 68. Between the silicone profile pieces 67 and 67 'are slit or slot-shaped Openings 28 and 29 present, via which an air exchange between the air convection 27 and the environment in the direction of arrow A takes place.

In addition, the housing 6 has a central opening 30 in an upper region, over which in a suitable position of the radiant heater 1 it FIG. 5A shows the heated air of the Luftkonvektionskanals 27 can escape. For this purpose, the opening 30 between two half-shells 34 and 35 is provided with a perforated metal sheet strip 38, through which the heated air can escape or at a changed position of the radiant heater 1 as it FIG. 5C shows in the air convection 27 can penetrate. Whether air flows into the air convection channel 27 via one of the openings 28, 29 or 30 or flows out alone the geodetic height difference between the openings 28, 29 and 30 is crucial.

Because in FIG. 5A the openings 28 and 29 are at the same geodetic height and the central opening 30 and the perforated plate 38 has a greater geodetic height, ambient air flows through the openings 28 and 29 in the air convection 27 and out of the central opening 30 through the perforated plate 38 out ,

In FIG. 5C is the front glass plate 39 of the radiant heater 1 with respect to the horizontal position of FIG. 5A at an angle of inclination α, for example, arranged on a wall, so that the opening 28 has the lowest geodetic height and the incoming air through the opening 28 on two Luftkonvektionskanäle 27 and 27 'in the direction of arrow A or arrow B distributed. In this case, ambient air additionally flows via the central opening 30 into the air convection duct 27. The air convection duct 27 'is formed between the Front glass plate 39 and the infrared reflector 5 and reduces the thermal load on the front glass plate 39, which is designed for temperatures ≤ 1200 ° C, while in the Luftkonvektionskanal 27 'adjacent to the front glass plate 39 arranged Karbonheizspiralen 45 and 45' in the Heizrohrelementen 2 and 2 'are designed for annealing temperatures up to 1800 ° C.

The two housing halves 34 and 35 are preferably made of extruded aluminum profiles and on the one hand by not shown end covers and on the other hand by at least two connecting pieces 36, as in the FIGS. 5A and 5C be shown, positively held together. These connecting pieces 36 are arranged at least at both end regions of the elongated housing 6. These connecting pieces 36 have bulges 69 and 69 ', which engage with guide rails 70 and 70' of the structured inner walls of the housing half-shells 34 and 35, respectively.

This creates a stable, positive connection between the two housing halves 34 and 35, wherein not only bulges for forming turbulences are present on the inner walls of the housing half shells 34 and 35, but additional bulges are incorporated to order guide channels 71 and 71 'for To provide cable connections and on the other hand to create a plurality of fastening portions 72 for screw for attaching the front side covers of the radiant heater 1, not shown. In addition, behind shielding ribs 115 and 115 'boards 116 BZW. 116 'with printed circuits of a control module for controlling power levels and stepless Control of ambient temperatures can be arranged via radio links to external temperature sensors.

Furthermore, the edge regions 8 and 8 'in the FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C outer joining grooves 105 and 105 ', which are provided for insertion, for example, in a suspended ceiling construction or for joining a plurality of radiant heaters 1 to a radiant heater surface. For this purpose, the outer joint grooves 105 and 105 'extend over the full length of the radiant heater. 1

FIG. 6 shows with the Figures 6A, 6B and 6C schematic cross sections through a radiant heater 1 'according to a second embodiment of the invention. Components having the same functions as in the previous figures are identified by the same reference numerals and will not be discussed separately.

The second embodiment of the radiant heater 1 'differs from the first embodiment in that instead of a transparent front glass plate now on the front side 7 by means of the bracket 73 and 73', a front grid structure 44 is held. The front grid structure 44 has a molded and stamped complete front shield made of stainless steel or an aluminum alloy and has Abschirmlamellen 74 and 74 'as a secure shielding of the Heizrohrelemente 2 and 2' against access.

Since the front grid structure 44 can reach a surface temperature up to 500 ° C and relative to the housing 6 has thermal expansion differences, the holder angle 73 and 73 'of the front grid structure 44 together with the folds 65 and 66 of the infrared reflector 5 in the Longitudinal slots 42 and 42 'of the silicone profile pieces 67 and 67' floatingly mounted relative to the housing 6.

The front grid structure 44 is designed such that about 75% of the front side 7 of the housing 6 is open and unhindered the infrared radiation of the infrared heater tubes 2 and 2 'are directed with the reflected portion of the infrared reflector 5 to be heated areas of the environment. The silicone profile pieces 67 and 67 ', which ensure the floating support of the infrared reflector 5 and the front grid structure 44, leave a sufficient surface of the elongated openings 28 and 29 free, so that in the air convection 27 in all mounting positions of the radiant heater 1' an outer surface 31st of the infrared reflector 5 can form cooling air convention.

Although the material of the infrared reflector 5, which consists of an anodized aluminum alloy, has a low absorption coefficient, yet the infrared reflector can be heated up to 180 ° C and due to the cooling air convection in the air convection 27, the back of the housing 6 reaches at most one temperature between 60 ° C and 100 ° C with a heating capacity of the heating tube elements of up to 3.2 kW. For the formation of the air convection channel in FIG. 6a the same conditions already apply FIG. 5A were discussed. The same applies to the formation of Luftkonvektionskanäle 27 and 27 'of FIG. 6C however, in FIG. 6C Through all openings of the front grid structure 44 air in the air convection 27 'reach, if in contrast to FIG. 5C no front glass pane is provided.

FIG. 7 shows in FIG. 7A a schematic cross section through the radiant heater according to FIG. 6 along a section line AA, which in FIG. 7B will be shown. This cutting plane is exactly laid by a Abschirmlamelle 74, so that in FIG. 7A the contour of such Abschirmlamelle 74 of the front grid structure 44 is shown in cross section. Radiant heaters up to 3200 watts can be realized with such a front grid structure 44, without the infrared reflector does not change in its geometry during the entire life of more than 10,000 hours of operation. This is supported by the above-mentioned beads 24 and 24 'in the lower edge regions 19 and 20 of the infrared reflector 5.

FIG. 8 shows with the Figures 8A and 8B schematic views of a radiant heater 1 in wall mounting and ceiling mounting. For this purpose, guide rails 50 and 51, respectively, are arranged in the housing rear side structure 9 and 9 'of the half shells 34 and 35, in which holding elements 76 and 77 of a holding arm 52 can slidably slide to adjust the holding arm 52 in an optimum position along the guide rails 50 and 51 can.

The support arm 52 is adjustably fixed via a joint 78 with a wall stand 79 fixable on a wall stand 80, wherein the wall stand 80 is composed of a support rod 81 and a tripod 82, so that an arbitrary setting angle α of the front side 7 of the radiant heater 1 is adjustable. For the in FIG. 8B shown ceiling mounting the same support arm 52 can be used with the joint 78 and the stand rod 81, wherein the stand 82 is now fixed to a ceiling 84 and to set an optimal radiation distance a from the area to be heated extension rods 83 can be arranged between the stand base 82 and the stand rod 81. Such extension rods 83 may also be used to fit in Figure 8A to vary a distance a 'from the wall 79. Thus, it is possible with simple standardized components such as a tripod 82, a support rod 81, a pivot joint 78, a support arm 52 to achieve the desired position of the front side 7 of the radiant heater 1 using extension rods 83.

FIG. 9 shows a schematic view of radiant heaters 1, which are arranged on a stand 64 vertically displaceable and pivotally. The stand 64 has a stand base 108, which is adapted to the outer dimensions of the heat radiator 1 which is displaceably and pivotably mounted on the stand 64. In addition, the stand base on a stand foot plate 85, which is a stabilizing counterweight to the weights of the radiant heaters! forms. The stand 64 is essentially a profile tube in which feeder cables 86 are arranged from the stand base 108 to the radiant heaters 1.

In a lower portion of the upright 64, for example, a height a _{min may be provided} from the upright base 108 to a lower edge of two guide rails 88 and 89 for the two radiant heaters 1. In addition, Heizstrahlerhalterungen 87 hinges 78, to each of which a support arm 52 as he already from the FIG. 8 is known for the radiant heater 1 is arranged. The guide rails 88 and 89 extend up to a maximum distance a _max of, for example, a _max ≤ 3.0 m, while the minimum distance a _min between the stator base 108 and the radiant heater 1, for example, a minimum distance a _min ≥ 1.80 m. This ensures that infants do not reach the radiant heater 1 of the stator 64.

Such an arrangement of radiant heaters 1 on a stand 64 with a suitable stable pedestal base 108 has the advantage that when stationary mounting the radiant heater 1 in a large area, for example, between 1.80 m and 2.50 m in their distance from the stator base 108 adjusted can be. In addition, the inclination angle α due to the hinge 78 can be adjusted. Finally, due to the joint 78, the radiant heater 1 can be operated both horizontally and vertically because the safety height for infants is maintained in any case and the vertical adjustability between a minimum distance a _min and a maximum distance a _{max is} limited.

FIG. 10 shows a schematic view of a Heizstrahlerpilzes 32, which is arranged on a stand 64, wherein the stand 64 can telescopically arrange the Heizstrahlerpilz 32 at different heights. On the stand 64, a controller 46 may be arranged with a power level switch 47 and a temperature controller 48. The radiator mushroom 32 differs from the previous radiant heaters by annular heating tube elements 2 and 2 ', which are arranged in focus areas 25 and 25' of an infrared reflector 5 ', which has the curvatures 4 and 4'. The annular infrared reflector 5 is in this case corresponding to the Heizrohrelementen 2 and 2 'also annular.

A front side 7 of the annular radiant heater 1 "has an angle of inclination α, which allows the radiant heater 32 to irradiate an increased radius in the vicinity with infrared rays, and the limits of irradiation caused by the annular infrared reflector 5 'are as well marked dashed lines 90 and 91. By changing the angle α, these limits can be shifted.

An air convection channel 27 can again form between the mushroom-shaped rear side 9 and the outer surface 31 of the annular infrared reflector 5 ', wherein the air flows into the air convection channel 27 through an annular opening 28 and over a corresponding annular opening 30 in the mushroom tip of the radiant heater mushroom 32 flows out.

This is with the FIG. 11 more clearly, with FIG. 11 a schematic cross section through the Heizstrahlerpilz 32 according to FIG. 10 in detail shows. Here, the convection in the air convection 27 is not limited to the distance between an outer surface 31 of the annular infrared reflector 5 'and an inner surface 18 of the mushroom-shaped housing 6, but, as the arrow C show, there is also an air convection between the infrared reflector 5' and the annular front glass plate 39 '. Both the annular infrared reflector 5 'and the annular front glass plate 39' are supported, held and fixed by a central holding element 92, which projects into the heat radiator mushroom 32.

FIG. 12 shows with the FIGS. 12A and 12B a radiant heater according to FIG. 11 as a parking heater and ceiling heater and with the Figures 12C . 12D and 12E Transparency curves for different glass qualities of a front glass plate 39. For this purpose, a special glass plate which shines in color in the direction of arrow B when the heat radiator mushroom 32 is in operation is used as annular front glass plate 39, which on the one hand contains color pigments is colored, which make the visible spectral component of the Karbonheizspiralen colored, for example, a filament temperature of 1800 ° C and on the other hand in the infrared frequency range of the Karbonheizspirale the annular Heizrohrelemente 2 and 2 'infrared transparent remains as the transparency curves in the Figures 12C . 12D and 12E demonstrate. The total transparency of the bright colored front 7 of the heating and Heizstrahlerpilzes 32 can thereby reduce to less than 90%, as the following diagrams of Figures 12C . 12D and 12E demonstrate.

The course of the transparency coefficient of a first front glass panel quality for transparent front glass panels shows FIG. 12C with nearly 90% both in the visible light range and in the infrared transition region 13 according to the invention, including the absorption line for moisture or water molecules of 14 micrometers. After the transition region 13 according to the invention, the infrared transparency drops steeply.

The transparency in the visible light range is for white or milky appearing front glass panels of a second quality as it FIG. 12D shows significantly reduced, while in the transition region 13 according to the invention, the transparency partially exceeds 80% and falls steeply after the transition region 13 again.

Even for a dark brown appearing third quality of front glass panels, the transparency is reduced in the visible light range and reached in the transition region according to the invention partially 80% as it Figure 12E shows.

The construction of a floor lamp 111 with Heizstrahlerpilz 32 corresponds to the construction according to FIG. 10 , By doing Radiant heater 32, two Luftkonvektionsströme for cooling the infrared reflector 5 'propagate, the ambient air flows through the annular slot 28 in the direction of arrow A and divides in two directions E and F, the air in the direction of arrow E through the air convection 27 between the back 31st of the infrared reflector 5 'is passed. The air in the direction of arrow F cools both the colored or white front glass pane 39 and the inner surface of the infrared reflector 5 'and can pass from the air convection duct 27' to the air convection duct 27 via a pinhole 114 or a ring slot in the infrared reflector 5 '. Finally, the heated cooling air escapes into the environment in the direction of arrow C via the common central opening 30.

FIG. 12B shows the same radiator mushroom 32 now as a ceiling light 112 and at the same time as a radiant heater 1 ", which immerses a room in a warm light atmosphere with simultaneous heat generation FIG. 12A is shown, replaced by a ceiling mounting rod 113 and with the FIG. 8 fixed stand 82 fixed to a ceiling 84.

FIG. 13 shows with the FIGS. 13A and 13B a Heizstrahlerpilz 32 with an enveloping structure 100 in the form of a lampshade 109. For this purpose, the Heizstrahlerpilz 32 has been put on a decorative lampshade 109, which lights up in the direction of arrow G when a fluorescent tube 110 or a LED light ring or other lighting means is operated in the visible spectrum of the light , The brightness of the standardized annular fluorescent tube 110 or of the illumination means can be dimmed steplessly, independently of the power for the heat radiator mushroom 32.

The diameter D _{L of} the lampshade 109 is slightly larger than the diameter D _{F of} the annular front side 7 of the radiant heater mushroom 32, so that the enveloping structure 100 can be placed in the form of the lampshade 109 on the Heizstrahlerpilz 32 before the Heizstrahlerpilz 32 on the top 94 of Stand 64 is placed. The Heizstrahlerpilz 32 itself may be additionally provided with a colored appearing annular front glass 39 and radiate independent of the fluorescent tube 110 or from the LED light ring or from the other lighting means colored light under the Heizstrahlerpilz 32 in the direction of arrow B.

Ambient air may be supplied for cooling the lampshade 109 and the infra red reflector via coaxially arranged annular slots 28 and 29 and distributed to three air convection channels 27, 27 'and 27 " FIG. 12 and communicate with the annular opening 28. The air convection channel 27 "is disposed between the housing 6 'of the heater core 32 and the lampshade 109 and communicates with the annular slot 29. The heated cooling air from the three air convection channels 27, 27' and 27" finally escapes via a central one in the lampshade 109 arranged opening 30th

FIG. 13B shows the same Heizstrahlerpilz 32 now as a ceiling light 112 with a lampshade 109 as the enveloping structure 100 of Heizstrahlerpilzes 32. The space are immersed in a warm light atmosphere with simultaneous heat generation and, in addition, under the lampshade, for example, the fluorescent tube or LED illuminated rim 110 is arranged as a lighting means. For ceiling mounting is only the stand 64, the in FIG. 13A is shown replaced by a ceiling mounting rod 113 and with the FIG. 8 fixed stand 82 fixed to a ceiling 84. The function of the lampshade 109 is not affected by the suspension on a ceiling 84.

As already indicated, the enveloping structure 100 can take on different shapes, be it a trapezoidal shape, as in this embodiment as a lampshade 109, or a funnel shape or a cylindrical shape or otherwise a slender outer contour which, for example, resembles a flower blossom. The power control and temperature control of the infrared radiator may be located away from the enveloping structure 100 in a portable controller operatively connected to a control module in the radiant heater 32, in addition to a brightness control for the fluorescent tube 110 or for a LED light ring or for another Lighting means may be integrated into the portable control device.

FIG. 14 shows with the Figures 14A and 14B schematic cross sections through an infrared heater tube element 2. The infrared heater tube element 2 radiates from a Karbonheizspirale 45 with approximately constant radiation intensity in all directions, as shown by the radiation arrows A. The Karbonheizspirale 45 consists of braided carbon fibers 10, which are braided into a carbon cord and wound into a dimensionally stable Karbonheizspirale 45 by a special process and dimensionally stabilized.

The Karbonheizspirale 45 is, as shown in Fig. 14A, applied in an evacuated or filled with inert gas heating tube 3 made of quartz glass with electricity, as it already with the FIG. 2 has been explained, and operated in the temperature range of the invention between 1400 ° C and 1800 ° C, wherein radiation intensity maxima in a transition region according to the invention the infrared wavelengths λ _R between 1.2 microns ≤ λ _R ≤ 2.4 microns occur.

In order to use the entire radiation and to steer it in one direction, for example, is how Figure 14B shows an infrared reflector 5 is used, which ensures that due to a high to 98 percent reflection coefficient of the infrared reflector 5, almost all the infrared radiation energy in the in Figure 14B reflected radiation directions is reflected. The infrared rays reach the transition region according to the invention, such as Figure 14B shows a low penetration depth for surfaces 119 of various materials, as indicated by the dotted line 95 in FIG Figure 14B shows. However, water molecules absorb the infrared radiation of 1.4 μm at a normal atmospheric humidity, so that the infrared radiation of a carbon radiator rapidly heats up moisture or water molecules in this wavelength range, which provides a pleasantly warming environment.

FIG. 15 shows with the FIGS. 15A and 15B schematic cross-sections through an infrared heater tube 2 ', which differs from the Heizrohrelement 2, which in FIG. 14 is distinguished, characterized in that directly on the quartz tube 3, a reflector material is applied, which consists of an oxide ceramic layer 96 and has an infrared wavelength-dependent reflection coefficient, as shown in the illustration of FIG. 3 is shown, wherein the reflection coefficient is tuned to the infrared wavelength range according to the invention between 1.2 microns ≤ λ _R <2.4 microns and up to 10 microns.

The directivity of this applied directly to the quartz tube of the infrared heater tube 3 infrared reflector 5 "is the same as the effect of in FIG. 14 However, this embodiment has the advantage that no extra brackets, bends or other measures for floating positioning of the infrared reflector 5 "are required.This is particularly advantageous when the infrared heater tube 3 annular or U-shaped in a radiant heater In addition, a heat shield 97 spaced from and independent from the heating tube 3 can be placed over the infrared reflector mounted on the heating tube 3 to protect internal walls of radiant heaters.

FIG. 16 shows a schematic cross section through a compact radiant heater 1 "according to a further embodiment of the invention .The housing 6 of this radiant heater 1" is adapted in shape to a protective tube 98 and can be pushed onto the protective tube 98. In this case, the infrared heater tube on the structure, which in Figure 15A will be shown.

This in FIG. 15B shown heat shield 97 is in Figure 16B applied to an inner wall of the housing 6 adapted to the protective tube 98. By forming a Luftkonvektionskanals 27 between the outer surface of the protective tube 98 and the inner wall 79 of the housing 6 with the heat shield 97, the heat occurring in this area can be dissipated in the air convection 27.

The protective tube 98 is preferably made of a quartz tube whose surface 119 is frosted, so that the infrared-transparent properties for the infrared radiation range are preserved and only in the visible wavelength range a diffusion of light radiation occurs. When operating the glowing Karbonheizspirale 45 they do not stand out from the outside on the outer protective tube 98 made of quartz glass with a frosted surface 119 from.

The heat shield 97 between the protective tube 98 made of quartz glass and the aluminum housing profile with appropriate ventilation through the air convection channel 27 provided protects the material of the housing 6, which is located behind the heat shield 97, from overheating. In this case, a further channel 99 can be provided behind the heat shield 97 to allow internal electrical wiring of the radiant heater 1 "and to protect the electrical wiring from overheating.

FIG. 17 shows a schematic diagram with remotely controlled power setting and temperature control of a radiant heater 1, here for example on an outer or an inner wall 79 with the FIG. 9 shown holding arm 52 is fixed. This radiant heater 1 is set in this embodiment of the invention via a portable control unit 46, which is arranged here for example on a table, both in power levels and by temperature control. For this purpose, there is a radio link 101 between the portable control unit 46 and a control module 63 in the radiant heater 1. For temperature control, the portable control unit 46, which is arranged here on a table 102, a temperature sensor 49 which detects the ambient temperature.

FIG. 18 shows a schematic diagram of a switch unit in Figure 18A the portable control unit 46 for a radiant heater 1 with an on / off or timer switch 47, a power level switch and program switch 47 ', and + or - Button 47 '' for a temperature or timer setting. This switch unit is connected to a control and regulation module 63 on the front side 7 of the radiant heater 1 in radio communication 101, as it FIG. 18B shows.

The control and regulation module 63 has, in this embodiment of the invention, a display panel on the front side 7 of the radiant heater 1, which centrally signals the set temperature and in addition to the temperature display 129 preferably has three LED lights 130. The LED lights 130 may signal a power-on state of the heater 1, a power control, and a power-on state of a timer. In addition, three more LED displays 130 are provided to signal 3 power levels.

A temperature controller, which is integrated into the control and regulation module 63, is in radio communication with a temperature sensor unit 49. The temperature sensor unit 49 comprises in a housing a room temperature sensor 48 and a radiation sensor 48 'exposed on the surface of the housing for irradiation by the radiant heater 1. In the temperature sensor unit 49, which in Figure 18C is partially shown in cross section, a radio electronics 131 is arranged, which cooperates with the control and regulation module 63 via a radio link 101 '.

FIG. 19 shows a schematic cross section through a further embodiment of the radiant heater as a dark radiator 59. The dark radiator 59 has in this embodiment of the invention three juxtaposed elongated heating tubes 3, 3 'and 3 ", each in a focus region 25, 25' and 25" of Curves 4, 4 'and 4 "of a common heat shield 97 are arranged.

Between the heat shield 97 and an inner wall of the back 9 of the housing 6, an air convection 27 is arranged, which in turn forms an air convection in the direction of arrow A through openings 28 and 29 in the form of long slots, wherein the air via an upper opening 30 from the back of the 9th of the housing 6 can escape and thus heats the surrounding room air.

As has already been shown in the preceding figures, silicone profile pieces 67 and 67 'are arranged in guide groove 68 and 68' in the structured edge sides 8 and 8 'of the housing 6. The silicone profile pieces 67 and 67 'have two longitudinal slots 42 and 43 lying one above the other, wherein in the longitudinal slots 42 and 42' bends 65 and 66 of the heat shield 97 are floating, while in the second elongated longitudinal slots 43 and 43 'of the silicone profile pieces 67th and 67 'elbows 73 and 73' of a structured front cover 40, which covers the entire front side 7 of the dark radiator 59, are arranged.

This front cover 40 is made of an extruded aluminum alloy profile and has bulges 33 on the inner wall 117 of the front cover 40, which highly effectively absorb the infrared rays in the infrared wavelength range according to the invention between 1.2 .mu.m.ltoreq.λ _R .ltoreq.2.4 .mu.m and for conversion into Heat rays provide, so that the front cover 40 radiates to a preferred heat radiation in the long-wave infrared range IR-C between 250 ° C and 500 ° C, preferably between 300 ° C and 400 ° C.

The outer contour of the front cover 40 has equidistantly arranged radiation ribs 118, which are for intensive Make contact with the ambient air and the ambient humidity. The heating tube elements 3, 3 'and 3 "have in addition to the heat shield 97 a directly applied to the quartz tubes infrared reflectors 5" from a reflector coating of oxide ceramic. The new heating profile with effective heat absorption of the long-wave infrared range and delivery to the surrounding room air is followed by a subsequent FIG. 21 explained in more detail.

FIG. 20 shows with the Figures 20A and 20B schematic cross-sections through an infrared radiator 53 according to another embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the infrared radiator 53 is a stand-alone device that can be placed in a room to be heated, especially when the room air is to be heated as quickly and quickly.

For this purpose, the infrared radiator 53 has a housing 6 in which a plurality of air convection passages 27, 27 'and 27 "are provided A first air convection passage 27 receives the cool and moist room air flowing in the direction of the arrow A in the floor area and directs it in the direction of the arrows B and C directly to the Heating tube emitters 2 of quartz tubes with inner Karbonheizspiralen over, so that this air and moisture molecules are exposed to the infrared radiation range according to the invention by, as already mentioned several times, the absorption line with 1.4 microns of the infrared wavelength spectrum is included, so that the humidity relatively quickly and quickly generates hot water molecules, which mix with the room air and flow out of respective openings 29 at the upper end of the infrared radiator.

In this case, infrared radiators 2 with a quartz tube are used in this radiator, which has an immediately applied infrared reflector 5 "made of anodized aluminum on its rear side, so that the radiated heat is strongly attenuated on the rear side of the infrared heating tubes 3. Nevertheless, a back ventilation flow in the air convection duct 27 in the direction of arrow C and also absorbs heat, which is discharged through the air flow C through an upper opening 29 to the room air.

Finally, the back 9 of the housing 6 is cooled by a further cooling air flow, in the Luftkonvektionskanal 27 ', the air similar to a rear ventilation 9 past the infrared radiator 53 between a heat shield 97 and the heating of the exiting air from the upper opening 29 in Arrow direction E contributes.

A further air convection duct 27 ", which allows the cooler ground air to flow into the air convection duct 27" via the bottom opening 28, this air convection duct 27 "being separated from the infrared radiator pipe 3 by an intermediate wall 55. The structure of the partition 55 will be described hereinafter FIG. 21 shown in cross section. In the third air convection 27 "the heating of the room air is delayed, but then heated with greater efficiency as soon as the intermediate wall 55 has reached an operating temperature between 200 ° C and 800 ° C, preferably between 350 ° C and 600 ° C. Durch die Aufnahme the energy on the air convection in the air convection 27 ", the front 7 is heated only to the permissible for infrared radiators temperature ranges, which are far below the temperatures of the intermediate wall 55.

By the construction of three parallel separate air convection channels 27, 27 'and 27 "can be achieved with this infrared radiator 53 first, a rapid heating of the moist room air through the first Luftkonvektionskanal 27 and a permanent heating by the second Luftkonvektionskanal 27' and in particular by the third Air convection 27 "working in the long-wave infrared range IR-C, be ensured.

Figure 20B shows a section of two parallel heating tube elements 2, which have on their backs a corresponding reflector coating and additionally spaced together from a heat shield 97 in the form of another heat reflector and are partially enveloped.

FIG. 21 shows a schematic cross section through an intermediate segment 121 of a partition wall 55 in the infrared radiator 53 according to FIG. 20 , Such a structure of a partition wall 55 can also be used for the in FIG. 19 shown dark radiator 59 are used as a front cover 40. For this purpose, heating tubes 3 with partially frosted surfaces are used, which have an oxide ceramic reflector 5 "on the outside of the quartz tube of the heating tube element 2. In addition, an anodized aluminum plate is used as a heat shield 97 behind the carbon heating tube elements 2 for reflection of residual heat radiation still acting towards the rear Protection against heating of the rear of the case 9.

The intermediate wall 55 can be plugged together from a plurality of intermediate wall segments 121. The intermediate wall segments 121 are extruded aluminum profiles. The aluminum profiles point to the infrared heater tube element 2, a plurality of heat absorbing fins 120, which are aligned with each other and on one of the Heizrohrelemente 2. The heat-absorbing ribs 120 are fixed to aluminum arches, which form a kind of hollow radiator and the radiant energy converted into the long-wave infrared to the third Luftkonvektionskanal 27 "in the direction of arrow B. In the first Luftkonvektionskanal 27, which forms on the back of the intermediate wall 55 and between the Rear side of the intermediate wall 55 and a heat shield 97 is disposed of reflector material, the infrared rays generated by the Karbonspirale 45 are emitted in the direction of arrow C and thereby heat in particular moisture and water molecules in the first Luftkonvektionskanal 27, which is directly connected to the Karbonheizrohrelementen 2.

Due to the particular profile of the heat absorption ribs 120 on the back of the intermediate wall 55 and the curved infrared beam profiles in the form of aluminum sheets 122 on the front of the intermediate wall 55 can be done by a thin-walled intermediate wall rapid heating of the same and with little delay, the air convection 27 "between the intermediate wall 55 and the front wall of the infrared radiator, not shown, provide for a rapid permanent heating of the environment.

FIG. 22 shows with the Figures 22A and 22B 3 shows schematic views of a heater blower 60 with an infrared heater element 1 "of annularly bent infrared heater tube elements 2", wherein in this embodiment of the invention two of the heating tube elements 2 "are arranged coaxially inside each other and consist of quartz tubes with a reflector coating as already described above applied directly to the Heizquarzrohr and consists essentially of aluminum dioxide as anodized coating. The ring of the heating tube element 2 "is arranged so that it is positioned coaxially to the axis 123 of an axial fan 124 and the air blower, as it Figure 22B shows, can flow directly past the infrared carbon heating 2 ".

Due to the absorption capacity at the infrared wavelength 1.4 μm for moisture in the air, the passing air enriched with air moisture rapidly heats up and gives a pleasant room climate, whereby the heating fan 60 is protected by corresponding shutters 126 both in the inlet area 125 and in the outlet area 127 is, so that the radial fan 60 can work without interference. Corresponding switching elements 128 can be arranged directly on the heating fan 60, which, on the one hand, gradually switch the power and, on the other hand, use a room thermostat with a temperature controller to set and regulate the temperature gradually or steplessly.

Instead of an axial fan, a radial fan is provided in a further embodiment not shown de invention, which cooperates with at least one elongated Karbonheizspirale in at least one straight heating tube element. Preferably, a grid of Heizrohrelementen cooperates with such a radial fan.

Although at least one exemplary embodiment has been shown in the foregoing description, various changes and modifications may be made. The embodiments mentioned are merely examples and not intended to cover the scope, the applicability or the configuration of the radiant heater radiator element in any way restrict. Rather, the foregoing description provides those skilled in the art with a blueprint for practicing at least one example embodiment wherein numerous changes in the function and arrangement of the heater element heater may be made by elements described in exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims and their legal equivalents To leave equivalents.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1 ', 1 "

heater

2, 2 ', 2 "

Heizrohrelement

3, 3 ', 3 "

Heating tube e.g. made of quartz

4, 4 ', 4 "

curvature

5, 5 ', 5 "

infrared reflector

6

casing

7

front

8, 8 '

edge

9, 9 '

backs

10

carbon fiber

11

Infrarotheizspirale

12

carbon cord

13

Transition area

14

end

15

Metal transition element e.g. made of nickel

16

molybdenum band

17

by contact

18

palm

19

border area

20

border area

21, 21 '

segment strips

22, 22 '

segment strips

23, 23 '

segment strips

24, 24 '

Beading

25, 25 ', 25 "

focus area

26

thermowell

27, 27 ', 27 "

Luftkonvektionskanal

28

opening

29

opening

30

opening

31

outer surface

32

heater mushroom

33

bulge

34

half shell

35

half shell

36

joint

37

Case back

38

Perforated metal strips

39, 39 '

Front glass plate

40

front cover

41

protection plate

42

longitudinal slot

43

longitudinal slot

44

Front grid structure

45

Karbonheizspirale

46

control unit

47

Power levels switch

48, 48 '

Temperature sensor (room or radiation)

49

temperature sensor

50

guide rail

51

guide rail

52

holding arm

53

infrared radiator

54

Infrared radiator housing

55

partition

56

inner wall

57

heater

58

fan

59

dark radiators

60

Fan Heaters

61

external connector

62

Connecting wire e.g. made of molybdenum

63

control module

64

stand

65

fold

66

fold

67

silicon profile

68

guide

69

bulge

71, 71 '

guide channels

70

guide rail

72

fastening area

73, 73 '

bracket

74, 74 '

screening slat

75

transverse rib

76

retaining element

77

retaining element

78

joint

79

Wall or wall

80

Wallstand

81

Support rod

82

stand base

83

extension rods

84

ceiling

85

Ständerfußplatte

86

power cable

87

heater mounts

88

guide rail

89

guide rail

90

dashed line

91

dashed line

92

retaining element

93

Telescopic transition

94

top

95

dash-dotted line

96

oxide ceramic

97

Heat shield

98

thermowell

99

channel

100

shell structure

101, 101 '

radio link

102

table

103

bulge

104

extension

105

outer joining groove

106

Edge of the front glass plate

107

Ornamental and clamping frame

108

Adjustable Stand

109

lampshade

110

light source

111

standard lamp

112

ceiling light

113

Ceiling mounting element

114

pinhole

115, 115 '

Abschirmrippe

116, 116 '

circuit board

117

inner wall

118

radiation fin

119

surface

120

Heat absorption rib

121

Between wall segment

122

aluminum sheets

123

axis

124

centrifugal blower

125

inlet area

126

louvre

127

outlet

128

switching element

129

temperature display

130

LED light

131

Broadcast

λ _R

Infrared wavelength

R

reflection coefficient

T _B

operating temperatur

T _r

transparency coefficient

Claims (9)

Radiant heater with heating tube element (2), comprising: at least one heating tube element (2) with a heating tube (3) which is transparent or semitransparent for infrared rays, wherein the at least one heating tube element (2) within the heating tube (3) comprises a multiplicity of carbon fibers (10) which form a dimensionally stable infrared heating coil ( 11) form a carbon cord (12); - At least one reflector, wherein the reflector is adapted to the infrared spectrum of the Heizrohrelements (2) infrared reflector (5); - A housing (6) with a front transparent to infrared rays (7) and with a front side (7) surrounding the infrared rays shielding edge and rear sides (8, 9); characterized, in that the reflector has a focusing curvature (4), the at least one heating tube element (2) being arranged in a focal region of the curvature (4), that the transparent front side (7) is formed by a front glass plate (39), wherein the front glass plate (39) between a IR-A and an IR-B wavelength range has a transparency coefficient of ≥ 0.9, wherein the front glass plate (39) in visible range has a transparency coefficient of in particular <0.5, - That the carbon fibers (10) have an operating temperature between 1400 ° C ≤ T _B ≤ 1800 ° C, and - That between the infrared reflector (5) and the surrounding housing (6) an air convection channel (27) is having openings (28 to 30) to the surrounding air. Radiant heater according to claim 1,
characterized in that
a first opening (30) of the openings (28 to 30) is formed by a pinhole strip (38) which is arranged between two half-shells (34, 35) of the housing (6). Radiant heater according to one of claims 1 to 2,
characterized in that
the infrared reflector (6) is held by means of point-wise or piecewise silicone rubber felt pieces (67, 67 ') arranged in guide grooves (68) of the housing (6), and in that the further opening (28, 29) is arranged between the silicone rubber felt pieces (67, 67') are formed as slit or slot-shaped openings (28, 29). Radiant heater according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that
the openings (28 to 30) of the air convection duct (27) have different geodetic heights in an operating arrangement of the radiant heater (1) and that a cooling air convection along a curved outer surface (31) of the infrared reflector (5) and of the outer surface (31 ) spaced inner surface (18) of the housing (6) is formed. Radiant heater according to claim 4,
characterized in that
the inner surface (18) of the housing (6) has rib-shaped bulges (33) which project into the air convection channel (27) in order to trigger air vortices. Radiant heater according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that
a front glass plate (39) in the front side (7) of the housing (6) is introduced, and
in that a further air convection duct (27 ') is formed between the front glass plate (39) and the heating tube element (2). Radiator mushroom, which is arranged on a stand (64) and at least one annular heating tube element (2) with an annular infrared reflector (5) of a radiant heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims. Infrared radiator having a radiant heater (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the infrared radiator (53) is arranged in a housing (6), and wherein the air to be heated in at least three Luftkonvektionskanälen (27) through the Infrarotradiatorgehäuse (54) convective flows and heats moisture and air molecules and intermediate walls (55) and inner walls (56) of the Infrarotradiatorgehäuses (54). A heating fan with a radiant heater (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the radiant heater (57) has at least one annular or U-shaped heating tube element (2) with a ring or U-shaped adapted carbon heating coil (45) and a blower ( 58) on the radiant heater (1) that the air and moisture molecules from the infrared radiation of the at least one annular or U-shaped Heizrohrelements (2) is heated in the transition region from IR-A to IR-B radiation.

Images