EP3257719A1 - Method for detecting the derailment of a rail vehicle - Google Patents
Method for detecting the derailment of a rail vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- EP3257719A1 EP3257719A1 EP17175666.1A EP17175666A EP3257719A1 EP 3257719 A1 EP3257719 A1 EP 3257719A1 EP 17175666 A EP17175666 A EP 17175666A EP 3257719 A1 EP3257719 A1 EP 3257719A1
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- Prior art keywords
- signal
- time
- rail vehicle
- trajectory
- determined
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
- B61L1/20—Safety arrangements for preventing or indicating malfunction of the device, e.g. by leakage current, by lightning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F9/00—Rail vehicles characterised by means for preventing derailing, e.g. by use of guide wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F9/00—Rail vehicles characterised by means for preventing derailing, e.g. by use of guide wheels
- B61F9/005—Rail vehicles characterised by means for preventing derailing, e.g. by use of guide wheels by use of non-mechanical means, e.g. acoustic or electromagnetic devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
- B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
- B61L23/042—Track changes detection
- B61L23/047—Track or rail movements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
- B61L23/34—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for indicating the distance between vehicles or trains by the transmission of signals therebetween
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L25/00—Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or trains or setting of track apparatus
- B61L25/02—Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or trains
- B61L25/025—Absolute localisation, e.g. providing geodetic coordinates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
- B61L27/40—Handling position reports or trackside vehicle data
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
- B61L27/50—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades
- B61L27/57—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades for vehicles or trains, e.g. trackside supervision of train conditions
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for detecting the derailment of a rail vehicle according to claim 1.
- OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometry
- an optical fiber for example a fiber optic cable, is used to determine the pressures, wherein refractive index changes, which are dependent on pressure changes or vibrations, can be measured by the fact that the reflection behavior of a light pulse, which is introduced into the fiber optic cable, of the individual Pressure changes depends.
- the fiber optic cable may be an elongated acoustic sensor used to determine readings to characterize vibrations or pressure changes at a plurality of waypoints located along a rail vehicle travel path.
- the signal thus obtained represents a locally distributed microphone signal that can be detected for a plurality of location points (M 1 ... M 100 ).
- a glass fiber bundle regularly also contains several unused glass fibers that can be used for OTDR measurements. These measurements record the pressure changes or acoustic vibrations in space and time emitted by rail vehicles.
- a numerically less complicated and advantageous procedure for detecting derailment of a rail vehicle provides that a characteristic signal is determined for the same rail vehicle at several points along the travel path according to the above-mentioned steps a) to f), that the characteristic signals are compared with each other, determining a match value indicating how well the two characteristic signals agree with each other, and in the event that the match indicated by the match value falls below a predetermined threshold, a derailment is detected.
- a particularly simple way of forming a characteristic signal envisages that for determining the characteristic signal from the discrete signal a separate discrete location signal is taken for each time point, the individual discrete location signals are displaced according to the trajectory such that the same parts of the rail vehicle originating signal components each come to rest on the same spatial position, and the thus displaced location signals are aggregated by location.
- a separate discrete time signal is taken from the discrete signal for each location point, the individual discrete time signals corresponding to the trajectory are shifted and optionally equalized, that of the same Parts of the rail vehicle resulting signal components in each case fall to the same time, the thus shifted time signals are aggregated time-wise and the result obtained is used as a characteristic signal.
- the individual time signals are equalized before aggregation in the presence of accelerations and decelerations of the rail vehicle in the trajectory, so that the same parts of the rail vehicle resulting signal components each fall on the same time.
- a particularly advantageous measurement by means of the OTDR method provides that the discrete signals corresponding to the trajectory of the rail vehicle are shifted from one another such that the window bases are located at discrete equidistant and equal times in each local channel, and the discrete according to the trajectory Time signals are shifted only by integer multiples of the distance of these times, or the individual local channels are interpolated and then moved. Alternatively it can also be provided to interpolate the individual local channels and then to move.
- a particularly advantageous measurement by means of the OTDR method provides that the vibrations and pressure changes are determined by means of a fiber optic cable, wherein the fiber optic cable is along the route and is affected by the vibrations emanating from the travel, wherein at predetermined times, in particular with a frequency between 100 Hz and 10 kHz, one light pulse in each Fiber optic cable is measured, which is measured from the fiber optic cable returning light, according to the time delay of the returning light, the signal is assigned to a location point along the route, and wherein the strength or phase of the returning light as a measurement for characterizing vibrations or pressure changes in the relevant Location is used.
- the signal energies in each case are determined at a plurality of points within a specific time range within a specific frequency band or several specific frequency bands and that the trajectory is detected lying within a time range and a local channel, if the determined signal energy or the determined signal energies correspond to predetermined criteria, in particular that the determined signal energy exceeds a predetermined threshold value, wherein in particular the trajectory of the beginning or the end of the rail vehicle is determined by determining for each local channel the earliest or latest time in which the signal energy exceeds or falls below a predetermined threshold value.
- the accuracy of the determination of the trajectory of the vehicle from the determined measured values is improved by weighting the measured values within this window individually with predetermined weight values before determining the signal energy within a window.
- a particularly advantageous heuristic for detecting derailments in characteristic signals provides that a measure of the likelihood of a derailment is identified, which indicates a high probability of derailment if the two characteristic signals show a large deviation at individual positions, but otherwise to match. wherein a derailment is found in particular when comparing two recorded by the same rail vehicle before and after the derailment signals exceeding a threshold differences are present only in a lower threshold of the characteristic signal points.
- this can be recognized in a particularly simple and advantageous manner by detecting a derailment, in particular, when comparing two of them Rail vehicle before and after the derailment of recorded signals threshold differences are present only in an upper threshold below passing points of the characteristic signal.
- a particularly rapid creation of characteristic signals with sufficient significance for the comparison of the derailment detection provides that for the determination of a characteristic signal in each case measured values m are taken which were recorded within a time range of less than 20 seconds, in particular less than 2 seconds.
- a quick detection of derailments provides that characteristic signals for the detection of derailments are continuously generated, in particular in time intervals of between 0.5 and 10 seconds, and / or that for the detection of derailments comparisons are made between characteristic signals occurring within less than 10 seconds were created.
- Fig. 1 is a rail vehicle shown that moves along a travel path.
- Fig. 2 Measurements are shown for a given distance from the OTDR meter.
- Fig. 3 schematically a field of measured values is shown.
- Fig. 4 the filtering of the measured values is shown.
- Fig. 5 shows the individual time windows used for the weighting of the local channels.
- Fig. 6a and 6b show the formation of a characteristic function according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 7a and 7b show the formation of a characteristic function according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 8a and 8b show the finding or non-establishment of a derailment.
- a rail vehicle 1 that moves along a travel path 2.
- Parallel to the travel path 2 runs a fiber optic cable 3, which is connected to an OTDR measuring unit 4.
- the OTDR measuring unit 4 determines the vibrations and pressure changes at a plurality of location points M 1 ... M 100 arranged along the travel path 2 on the glass fiber line 3.
- the optical fiber cable 3, which lies along the travel path 2 is affected by the vibrations emanating from the rail vehicle 1 or is subject to vibrations.
- light pulses are emitted into the glass fiber line 3. These light pulses are emitted in particular at a frequency or frequency between 100 Hz and 10 kHz.
- the light returning from the glass fiber line 3 is measured, the signal corresponding to the time delay of the returning light being assigned to a location point M 1 ... M 100 along the travel path 2.
- a measured value m (x, t) for characterizing the vibration or a pressure change are provided.
- measured values m (x, t) are shown for a given distance x from the OTDR measuring device. This in Fig. 2 signal shown is very high frequency; in Fig. 2 only an upper and a lower envelope are shown, between which the signal oscillates.
- Fig. 3 schematically a field of measured values m (x, t) is shown, wherein for each time t and the position x of each location point M 1 ...
- a measured value m (x, t) is present.
- the hatched area contains measured values m (x, t) which originate from pressure changes exceeding a threshold value which originate from a specific rail vehicle 1.
- these measured values m (x, t) are larger in magnitude than the other measured values m (x, t), which are outside the hatched area.
- a trajectory is shown in the hatched area, which represents the concrete time-course of the rail vehicle 1. In all cases, a trajectory x 0 (t) as well as the locus M 1 ...
- M 100 at which the beginning of the rail vehicle 1 is located can be represented as a function of the time t as well as inverse t 0 (x) of this function be, ie as a function indicating at what time t the beginning of the rail vehicle 1 at the location point M 1 ... M 100 is located.
- a time path course in the form of a trajectory x 0 (t) can be carried out in different ways, for example by GPS measurement or other generally known navigation methods.
- the signal energies in each case are determined at a plurality of points in time within a specific time range within a specific frequency band or a plurality of specific frequency bands.
- the rail vehicle is detected lying within one of the specific time ranges or a local channel, if the determined signal energy or the determined signal energies correspond to predetermined criteria, in particular if the determined signal energies exceed a predetermined threshold.
- the trajectory x 0 (t) of the start or the end of the rail vehicle can be determined, for example, by determining for each local channel the earliest or latest time in which the signal energy exceeds or falls below a predetermined threshold.
- the trajectory x 0 (t) of the start or the end of the rail vehicle 1 can be determined by determining for each time point in each case the closest or farthest location point to the measuring device 4 in the extension direction in which the signal energy exceeds or falls below a predetermined threshold value.
- the trajectory x 0 (t) of the start of the rail vehicle 1 with respect to the location points M 1 ... M 100 is determined or predetermined in time.
- the trajectory x0 (t) indicates the location point M 1 ... M 100 of the beginning of the rail vehicle 1 at each time t within a time range.
- a filtering of the signal as in Fig. 4 shown, wherein for the location points M 1 ... M 100 each separately the following steps are performed:
- the concrete procedure for filtering is shown in detail with respect to a specific location point M n .
- a number of time windows U 1 ... U 7 is preset, which are opposite to the time point t 0 (M n ) are defined.
- the time window U1 is in the range of the trajectory, the time window U7 is compared to the local channel associated time t 0 (M n ) moved the most towards the end of the rail vehicle.
- the individual time windows U1... U7 typically have a duration of 0.1 s and cover or cover the area in which measured values that were caused by the rail vehicle are present.
- a weighting function is created for each of the time windows U1... U7, with which the respective local channel at the spatial position M n assigned time signal is weighted.
- the signal energy within a given frequency band is determined separately in each of the time slots U1... U7 of the local channel of the local point M 1 ... M 100 .
- the frequency band can be between 250 and 750 Hz.
- This signal energy is assigned to the window U1 .... U7.
- the signal energy is assigned to a time t assigned to the time window U1... U7. At this time t, it may, for example, the center of the time window U1 ....
- a discrete signal d (x, t) is determined which assigns the respective signal energies to individual points in time and to each location point M 1 ... M 100 or to each local channel.
- the determined signal values corresponding to the trajectory x 0 (t) of the beginning of the rail vehicle 1 are assigned to each other that originate from equal parts of the rail vehicle 1 or from equal parts of the rail vehicle 1 Values from the discrete signal d (x, t) are assigned to each other.
- the individual determined signal values d (x, t) are equalized or interpolated in accordance with the trajectory t 0 (x) or x 0 (t).
- the individual, possibly shifted, equalized or interpolated values of the discrete signal are aggregated, in the present case summed, whereby a characteristic signal C is determined.
- This characteristic signal C has a value for each longitudinal section of the rail vehicle 1.
- the characteristic signal C can be regarded as characteristic of the rail vehicle or the vibrations or pressure changes emitted by the rail vehicle.
- the concrete rail vehicle 1 does not change its length P during the journey, or only slightly, it can due to the concrete trajectory x 0 (t) the plurality of individual sub-signals d tA (x), d t1 (x), d t2 (x), d tE (x) are shifted according to the trajectory x 0 (t) such that all of the same part of the discrete signal d (x, t) to the point p in the characteristic signal (C). Subsequently, the partial signals thus shifted are aggregated point by point.
- the train length is assumed to be constant with P.
- the trajectory of the beginning of the train is denoted by x 0 (t)
- the trajectory of the position p (p ⁇ [0, P]) in the train is denoted by x p (t)
- the trajectory of the train's end is denoted by x P (t)
- x p (t) x 0 (t) -p.
- the individual time ranges at which the respective rail vehicle 1 at a certain location causes vibrations, pressure changes or vibrations each have the same length.
- the individual discrete time signals determined in this way are shifted in accordance with the trajectory such that signal values originating from identical parts of the rail vehicle 1 each fall on the same point in time.
- the trajectory does not run linearly, eg as in FIG Fig. 6a and 6b shown.
- the individual time signals d x (t) are of different lengths in this case. For this reason, the individual time signals d x (t) are equalized, ie non-linear stretched or compressed, that their length corresponds to a reference time signal among the time signals and same positions p related to the rail vehicle 1 come to lie in the same place in the distorted time signal. Subsequently, the time signals d x (t) are shifted and in turn aggregated time-wise, so that a characteristic signal is obtained from this aggregation.
- a shifted and equalized function d c can be determined on the basis of the discrete signal d (x, t), which depends only on the time and on the position p ⁇ [0, P] with respect to the rail vehicle 1.
- the observation interval along the location is defined as the location interval [x A , x E ] between the location points x A and x E.
- the trajectory of the beginning of the rail vehicle 1 is denoted by t o (x).
- t p (x) t 0 (x + p).
- the location and time channels can be interpolated so that ultimately a displacement of position and time signals around arbitrary values defined by the trajectory x 0 (t) is possible.
- the window bases are located at discrete equidistant or in each local channel identically defined times and the shift according to the trajectory x 0 (t), the individual local channels are moved only by integer multiples of the distance of these times.
- a characteristic signal C After the determination of a characteristic signal C, it is now possible to determine a characteristic signal C at several points along the travel path 2 or at several times during the journey, according to one of the above-mentioned procedures.
- the individual characteristic signals C 1 , C 2 are compared with one another, wherein a match value is determined, which indicates whether the two characteristic signals C 1 , C 2 indicate a derailment, for example by deviations between the signals thus generated by the same rail vehicle 1 consist.
- a measure of the likelihood of a derailment is then determined, which then indicates a high likelihood of derailment if the two characteristic signals C 1 , C 2 show large deviations at individual positions, but coincide otherwise. This can be achieved in particular in such a way that individual values of the characteristic signal C are compared with one another, whereby a derailment is determined if in this comparison individual signal values of mutually associated positions are substantially the same, but differ substantially from one another in a few places.
- a derailment can be detected, for example, when comparing two characteristic signals recorded by the same rail vehicle 1 before and after the derailment, differences of at least 100% are present in less than a predetermined upper threshold of the characteristic signal.
- This upper threshold value is advantageously set to a value corresponding to the number of predetermined location points M 1 ,..., M 100 , which are arranged on an average of 10 m to 50 m of the travel path 2. With a distribution of the measuring points M 1 , ..., M 100 approximately at intervals of 70 cm on the route, the threshold value is approximately 70.
- Fig. 8a two characteristic signals C 1 , C 2 are represented by one and the same rail vehicle 1.
- the deviation ⁇ of the two characteristic signals is in Fig. 8a also shown.
- a derailment in the characteristic signal is indicated by the fact that in a single place a large Deviation between the two characteristic signals C 1 , C 2 exists.
- the two characteristic signals are very similar, so that the deviation between these two signals is relatively small. Since in the present case differences ⁇ of the two characteristic signals exist only at a small number of points within the characteristic signal, a derailment is likely.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Detektion der Entgleisung eines Schienenfahrzeugs gemäß dem Patentanspruch 1.The invention relates to a method for detecting the derailment of a rail vehicle according to
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist es bekannt, mittels OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflektometrie) in Ort und Zeit aufgelöste Messwerte aufzunehmen, die angeben, ob an bestimmten Punkten Druckänderungen bzw. Vibrationen (Luftschall, Bodenschall) vorhanden sind. Im konkreten Fall wird zur Bestimmung der Drücke eine optische Faser, beispielsweise ein Glasfaserkabel, verwendet, wobei Brechungsindexänderungen, die von Druckänderungen oder Vibrationen abhängig sind, dadurch gemessen werden können, dass das Reflexionsverhalten eines Lichtimpulses, der in das Glasfaserkabel eingeleitet wird, von den einzelnen Druckänderungen abhängt. Wird ein solches Glasfaserkabel im Bereich der Fahrtstrecke eines Schienenfahrzeugs verlegt, können vor allem dessen abgegebene akustische Schwingungen gemessen werden, da solche Vibrationen und Schwingungen Druckänderungen im Bereich des Glasfaserkabels erzeugen, was wiederum zu einer lokalen Änderung des Brechungsindex des Glasfaserkabels führt. Damit besteht letztlich die Möglichkeit, dass das Glasfaserkabel einen lang gestreckten akustischen Sensor darstellt, mit dem Messwerte zur Charakterisierungen von Vibrationen oder Druckänderungen an einer Vielzahl von Wegpunkten bestimmt werden, die entlang eines Fahrtwegs eines Schienenfahrzeugs angeordnet sind. Das so erhaltene Signal stellt ein örtlich verteiltes Mikrofonsignal dar, das für eine Vielzahl von Ortspunkten (M1 ... M100) erfasst werden kann.From the prior art, it is known to record by OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometry) in place and time resolved measurements that indicate whether pressure changes or vibrations (airborne sound, ground sound) are present at certain points. In the specific case, an optical fiber, for example a fiber optic cable, is used to determine the pressures, wherein refractive index changes, which are dependent on pressure changes or vibrations, can be measured by the fact that the reflection behavior of a light pulse, which is introduced into the fiber optic cable, of the individual Pressure changes depends. If such a fiber optic cable laid in the region of the travel distance of a rail vehicle, especially its emitted acoustic vibrations can be measured, since such vibrations and vibrations generate pressure changes in the region of the fiber optic cable, which in turn leads to a local change in the refractive index of the fiber optic cable. Thus, ultimately, there is the possibility that the fiber optic cable may be an elongated acoustic sensor used to determine readings to characterize vibrations or pressure changes at a plurality of waypoints located along a rail vehicle travel path. The signal thus obtained represents a locally distributed microphone signal that can be detected for a plurality of location points (M 1 ... M 100 ).
Gerade bei Eisenbahnanlagen besteht der wesentliche Vorteil, dass für die betriebsbedingt erforderlichen Kommunikationsanwendungen ohnehin Kabel in Form von Glasfaserkabeln verlegt sind. Dabei sind in einem Glasfaserbündel regelmäßig auch mehrere unbenutzte Glasfasern enthalten, die für OTDR-Messungen verwendet werden können. Diese Messungen erfassen die von Schienenfahrzeugen abgegebenen Druckänderungen oder akustischen Schwingungen in Raum und Zeit.Especially with railway systems has the significant advantage that cables are laid in the form of fiber optic cables anyway for the operationally required communication applications. In this case, a glass fiber bundle regularly also contains several unused glass fibers that can be used for OTDR measurements. These measurements record the pressure changes or acoustic vibrations in space and time emitted by rail vehicles.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein konkretes Vorgehen zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit dem die Entgleisung eines Schienenfahrzeugs aufgrund von akustischen Messungen ermittelt werden kann.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Detektion der Entgleisung eines Schienenfahrzeugs,
- a) wobei entlang des Fahrtwegs mittels eines langgestreckten akustischen Sensors Messwerte zur Charakterisierung von Vibrationen oder Druckänderungen an einer Vielzahl von entlang des Fahrtwegs angeordneten Ortspunkten bestimmt werden,
- b) wobei für eine Anzahl von Ortspunkten entlang des Fahrtwegs und für eine Anzahl von Zeitpunkten jeweils ein Messwert zur Charakterisierung der Vibration oder einer Druckänderung zur Verfügung gestellt wird,
- c) wobei eine Trajektorie des Schienenfahrzeugs in Bezug auf die Wegpunkte in der Zeit ermittelt oder vorgegeben wird, die Trajektorie den Ortspunkt eines vorgegebenen Teils des Schienenfahrzeugs zu jedem Zeitpunkt innerhalb eines Zeitbereichs angibt,
- d) wobei für Ortspunkte jeweils separat
- im Bereich des Schienenfahrzeugs bzw. dessen Trajektorie im jeweiligen Ortspunkt eine Anzahl von Zeitfenstern vorgegeben wird,
- in jedem der Zeitfenster des Ortspunkts separat jeweils die Signalenergie innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Frequenzbands ermittelt wird, und diese Signalenergie einem dem Zeitfenster zugeordneten Zeitpunkt zugewiesen wird, sodass ein diskretes Signal, jedem Ortspunkt für einzelne Zeitpunkte die zugehörigen Signalenergien zuordnet, zur Verfügung steht,
- e) die einzelnen Werte des diskreten Signals entsprechend der Trajektorie des Schienenfahrzeugs derart einander zugeordnet werden, und gegebenenfalls entzerrt und interpoliert, werden, dass die von gleichen Teilen des Schienenfahrzeugs ausgehenden Werte aus dem diskreten Signal einander zugeordnet werden,
- f) wobei die einzelnen einander zugeordneten, insbesondere gegeneinander verschobenen und gegebenenfalls entzerrten und interpolierten, Werte des diskreten Signals, gegebenenfalls gewichtet, über die Zeit und/oder über den Ort aggregiert, insbesondere summiert, werden, und derart ein charakteristisches Signal ermittelt wird, das als charakteristisch für das Schienenfahrzeug angesehen wird.
The invention relates to a method for detecting the derailment of a rail vehicle,
- a) wherein measured values for characterizing vibrations or pressure changes at a plurality of location points arranged along the travel path are determined along the travel path by means of an elongated acoustic sensor,
- b) wherein a measured value for characterizing the vibration or a pressure change is made available for a number of location points along the travel path and for a number of times,
- c) wherein a trajectory of the rail vehicle with respect to the waypoints in time is determined or predetermined, the trajectory indicates the location of a given part of the rail vehicle at any time within a time range,
- d) where for location points each separately
- in the area of the rail vehicle or its trajectory in the respective location point a number of time windows is specified,
- the signal energy within a given frequency band is separately determined in each of the time windows of the location point, and this signal energy is assigned to a time point associated with the time window so that a discrete signal is allocated to each location point for the individual signal points;
- e) the individual values of the discrete signal corresponding to the trajectory of the rail vehicle are assigned to one another in such a way, and if necessary equalized and interpolated, that the values coming from equal parts of the rail vehicle are assigned to one another from the discrete signal,
- f) wherein the individual mutually associated, in particular mutually shifted and possibly equalized and interpolated, values of the discrete signal, optionally weighted, aggregated over the time and / or the location, in particular summed, and such a characteristic signal is determined, the is considered characteristic of the rail vehicle.
Eine numerisch wenig aufwendige und vorteilhafte Vorgehensweise zur Detektion von Entgleisungen eines Schienenfahrzeugs sieht vor, dass für dasselbe Schienenfahrzeug an mehreren Stellen entlang des Fahrtwegs gemäß vorstehend genannten Schritten a) bis f) jeweils ein charakteristisches Signal ermittelt wird, dass die charakteristischen Signale miteinander verglichen werden, wobei ein Übereinstimmungswert ermittelt wird, der angibt, wie gut die beiden charakteristischen Signale miteinander übereinstimmen, und dass für den Fall, dass die durch den Übereinstimmungswert indizierte Übereinstimmung einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert unterschreitet, eine Entgleisung festgestellt wird.A numerically less complicated and advantageous procedure for detecting derailment of a rail vehicle provides that a characteristic signal is determined for the same rail vehicle at several points along the travel path according to the above-mentioned steps a) to f), that the characteristic signals are compared with each other, determining a match value indicating how well the two characteristic signals agree with each other, and in the event that the match indicated by the match value falls below a predetermined threshold, a derailment is detected.
Eine besonders einfache Art der Bildung eines charakteristischen Signals sieht vor, dass zur Bestimmung des charakteristischen Signals aus dem diskreten Signal für jeden Zeitpunkt jeweils ein separates diskretes Ortssignal entnommen wird, die einzelnen diskreten Ortssignale entsprechend der Trajektorie derart verschoben werden, dass von gleichen Teilen des Schienenfahrzeugs herrührende Signalanteile jeweils auf derselben Ortsposition zu liegen kommen, und die derart verschobenen Ortssignale ortspunktweise aggregiert werden.A particularly simple way of forming a characteristic signal envisages that for determining the characteristic signal from the discrete signal a separate discrete location signal is taken for each time point, the individual discrete location signals are displaced according to the trajectory such that the same parts of the rail vehicle originating signal components each come to rest on the same spatial position, and the thus displaced location signals are aggregated by location.
Alternativ kann zur Bestimmung eines charakteristischen Signals, insbesondere für gleichmäßig bewegte Schienenfahrzeuge, vorgesehen sein, dass aus dem diskreten Signal für jeden Ortspunkt jeweils ein separates diskretes Zeitsignal entnommen wird, die einzelnen diskreten Zeitsignale entsprechend der Trajektorie derart verschoben und gegebenenfalls entzerrt werden, dass von gleichen Teilen des Schienenfahrzeugs herrührende Signalanteile jeweils auf denselben Zeitpunkt fallen, die derart verschobenen Zeitsignale zeitpunktweise aggregiert werden und das so erhaltene Ergebnis als charakteristisches Signal herangezogen wird.Alternatively, to determine a characteristic signal, in particular for uniformly moving rail vehicles, it may be provided that a separate discrete time signal is taken from the discrete signal for each location point, the individual discrete time signals corresponding to the trajectory are shifted and optionally equalized, that of the same Parts of the rail vehicle resulting signal components in each case fall to the same time, the thus shifted time signals are aggregated time-wise and the result obtained is used as a characteristic signal.
Vorteilhafterweise kann bei beschleunigten oder verzögerten Schienenfahrzeugen vorgesehen sein, dass die einzelnen Zeitsignale vor der Aggregation bei Vorliegen von Beschleunigungen und Verzögerungen des Schienenfahrzeugs in der Trajektorie entzerrt werden, sodass von gleichen Teilen des Schienenfahrzeugs herrührende Signalanteile jeweils auf denselben Zeitpunkt fallen.Advantageously, it may be provided in accelerated or delayed rail vehicles that the individual time signals are equalized before aggregation in the presence of accelerations and decelerations of the rail vehicle in the trajectory, so that the same parts of the rail vehicle resulting signal components each fall on the same time.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Messung mittels des OTDR-Verfahrens sieht vor, dass die diskreten Signale entsprechend der Trajektorie des Schienenfahrzeugs derart gegeneinander verschoben werden, dass sich die Fensterstützpunkte an diskreten äquidistanten und in jedem Ortskanal gleich festgelegten Zeiten befinden, und zur Verschiebung entsprechend der Trajektorie die diskreten Zeitsignale nur um ganzzahlige Vielfache des Abstands dieser Zeiten verschoben werden, oder die einzelnen Ortskanäle interpoliert und anschließend verschoben werden. Alternativ kann auch vorgesehen sein die einzelnen Ortskanäle zu interpolieren und anschließend zu verschieben.A particularly advantageous measurement by means of the OTDR method provides that the discrete signals corresponding to the trajectory of the rail vehicle are shifted from one another such that the window bases are located at discrete equidistant and equal times in each local channel, and the discrete according to the trajectory Time signals are shifted only by integer multiples of the distance of these times, or the individual local channels are interpolated and then moved. Alternatively it can also be provided to interpolate the individual local channels and then to move.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Messung mittels des OTDR-Verfahrens sieht vor, dass die Vibrationen und Druckänderungen mittels eines Glasfaserkabels ermittelt werden, wobei das Glasfaserkabel entlang des Fahrtwegs liegt und von den vom Fahrtweg ausgehenden Erschütterungen betroffen ist, wobei zu vorgegebenen Zeitpunkten, insbesondere mit einer Frequenz zwischen 100 Hz und 10 kHz, jeweils ein Lichtimpuls in das Glasfaserkabel abgegeben wird, das aus dem Glasfaserkabel zurückkehrende Licht gemessen wird, wobei entsprechend der zeitlichen Verzögerung des zurückkehrenden Lichts das Signal einem Ortspunkt entlang des Fahrtwegs zugeordnet wird, und wobei die Stärke oder Phase des zurückkehrenden Lichts als Messwert zur Charakterisierung von Vibrationen oder Druckänderungen im betreffenden Ortspunkt herangezogen wird.A particularly advantageous measurement by means of the OTDR method provides that the vibrations and pressure changes are determined by means of a fiber optic cable, wherein the fiber optic cable is along the route and is affected by the vibrations emanating from the travel, wherein at predetermined times, in particular with a frequency between 100 Hz and 10 kHz, one light pulse in each Fiber optic cable is measured, which is measured from the fiber optic cable returning light, according to the time delay of the returning light, the signal is assigned to a location point along the route, and wherein the strength or phase of the returning light as a measurement for characterizing vibrations or pressure changes in the relevant Location is used.
Bevorzugt kann vorgesehen sein, dass zur Ermittlung der Trajektorie des Anfangs des Schienenfahrzeugs am Fahrtweg für eine Anzahl von Ortskanälen jeweils die Signalenergien in einer Mehrzahl von Zeitpunkten innerhalb eines bestimmte Zeitbereichs innerhalb eines bestimmten Frequenzbands oder mehrerer bestimmter Frequenzbänder ermittelt werden
und dass die Trajektorie innerhalb eines Zeitbereichs und eines Ortskanals liegend festgestellt wird, wenn die ermittelte Signalenergie oder die ermittelten Signalenergien vorgegebenen Kriterien entsprechen, insbesondere, dass die ermittelte Signalenergie einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert überschreitet,
wobei insbesondere die Trajektorie des Anfangs oder des Endes des Schienenfahrzeugs ermittelt wird, indem für jeden Ortskanal der jeweils früheste oder späteste Zeitpunkt ermittelt wird, in dem die Signalenergie einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert überschreitet oder unterschreitet.It can preferably be provided that, for determining the trajectory of the start of the rail vehicle at the travel path for a number of local channels, the signal energies in each case are determined at a plurality of points within a specific time range within a specific frequency band or several specific frequency bands
and that the trajectory is detected lying within a time range and a local channel, if the determined signal energy or the determined signal energies correspond to predetermined criteria, in particular that the determined signal energy exceeds a predetermined threshold value,
wherein in particular the trajectory of the beginning or the end of the rail vehicle is determined by determining for each local channel the earliest or latest time in which the signal energy exceeds or falls below a predetermined threshold value.
Die Genauigkeit der Bestimmung der Trajektorie des Fahrzeugs aus den ermittelten Messwerten wird verbessert, indem vor der Bestimmung der Signalenergie innerhalb eines Fensters die Messwerte innerhalb dieses Fensters einzeln mit vorgegebenen Gewichtswerten gewichtet werden.The accuracy of the determination of the trajectory of the vehicle from the determined measured values is improved by weighting the measured values within this window individually with predetermined weight values before determining the signal energy within a window.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Heuristik zur Detektion von Entgleisungen in charakteristischen Signalen sieht vor, dass ein Maßwert für die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Entgleisung ermittelt wird, der eine hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine Entgleisung indiziert, wenn die beiden charakteristischen Signale an einzelnen Positionen eine große Abweichung zeigen, im Übrigen jedoch übereinstimmen.
wobei eine Entgleisung insbesondere dann festgestellt wird, wenn beim Vergleich zweier vom selben Schienenfahrzeug vor und nach der Entgleisung aufgenommener Signale einen Schwellenwert überschreitende Unterschiede lediglich in einer einen oberen Schwellenwert unterschreitenden Stellen des charakteristischen Signals vorhanden sind.A particularly advantageous heuristic for detecting derailments in characteristic signals provides that a measure of the likelihood of a derailment is identified, which indicates a high probability of derailment if the two characteristic signals show a large deviation at individual positions, but otherwise to match.
wherein a derailment is found in particular when comparing two recorded by the same rail vehicle before and after the derailment signals exceeding a threshold differences are present only in a lower threshold of the characteristic signal points.
Numerisch kann dies besonders einfach und vorteilhaft erkannt werden, indem eine Entgleisung insbesondere dann festgestellt wird, wenn beim Vergleich zweier vom selben Schienenfahrzeug vor und nach der Entgleisung aufgenommener Signale einen Schwellenwert überschreitende Unterschiede lediglich in einer einen oberen Schwellenwert unterschreitenden Stellen des charakteristischen Signals vorhanden sind.In numerical terms, this can be recognized in a particularly simple and advantageous manner by detecting a derailment, in particular, when comparing two of them Rail vehicle before and after the derailment of recorded signals threshold differences are present only in an upper threshold below passing points of the characteristic signal.
Eine besonders rasche Erstellung von charakteristischen Signalen mit für den Vergleich zur Entgleisungsdetektion ausreichender Aussagekraft sieht vor, dass für die Bestimmung eines charakteristischen Signals jeweils Messwerte m herangezogen werden, die innerhalb eines Zeitbereichs von weniger als 20 Sekunden, insbesondere von weniger als 2 Sekunden aufgenommen wurden.A particularly rapid creation of characteristic signals with sufficient significance for the comparison of the derailment detection provides that for the determination of a characteristic signal in each case measured values m are taken which were recorded within a time range of less than 20 seconds, in particular less than 2 seconds.
Eine rasche Detektion von Entgleisungen sieht vor, dass charakteristische Signale zur Detektion von Entgleisungen laufend, insbesondere in Zeitintervallen von zwischen 0,5 und 10 Sekunden erstellt werden und/oder dass zur Detektion von Entgleisungen Vergleiche zwischen charakteristischen Signalen vorgenommen werden, die innerhalb von weniger als 10 Sekunden erstellt wurden.A quick detection of derailments provides that characteristic signals for the detection of derailments are continuously generated, in particular in time intervals of between 0.5 and 10 seconds, and / or that for the detection of derailments comparisons are made between characteristic signals occurring within less than 10 seconds were created.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird anhand der folgenden Zeichnungsfiguren näher dargestellt.A preferred embodiment of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following drawing figures.
In
In
Zu vorgegebenen Zeitpunkten werden Lichtimpulse in die Glasfaserleitung 3 abgegeben. Diese Lichtimpulse werden insbesondere mit einer Häufigkeit oder Frequenz zwischen 100 Hz und 10 kHz abgegeben. Das aus der Glasfaserleitung 3 zurückkehrende Licht wird gemessen, wobei entsprechend der zeitlichen Verzögerung des zurückkehrenden Lichts das Signal einem Ortspunkt M1 ... M100 entlang des Fahrtwegs 2 zugeordnet wird.At predetermined times, light pulses are emitted into the
Aufgrund der bekannten Signalgeschwindigkeit in der Glasfaserleitung 3 kann aufgrund des Zeitpunkts, zudem ein Signalanteil zu der OTDR-Messeinheit 4 reflektiert wird, auf denjenigen Ortspunkt M1 ... M100 im Fahrtweg 2 rückgeschlossen werden, die einer vorgegebenen Erschütterung unterliegt. Die Stärke oder Phase des zurückkehrenden Lichts wird als Messwert zur Charakterisierung von Vibration oder Druckänderungen im betreffenden Ortpunkt M1 ... M100 herangezogen.Due to the known signal speed in the
Wird das vorstehend genannte Vorgehen zu einer Vielzahl von Zeitpunkten wiederholt, so kann für eine Anzahl von Ortspunkten M1 ... M100 entlang des Fahrwegs 2 und für eine Anzahl von Zeitpunkten jeweils ein Messwert m(x, t) zur Charakterisierung der Vibration oder einer Druckänderung zur Verfügung gestellt werden. In
Die Ermittlung eines solchen Zeit-Wegverlaufs in Form einer Trajektorie x0(t) kann auf unterschiedliche Art vorgenommen werden, beispielsweise durch GPS-Messung oder sonstige allgemein bekannte Navigationsverfahren. Daneben besteht auch die Möglichkeit, dass zur Ermittlung der Trajektorie x0(t) des Anfangs des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 am Fahrtweg 2 für eine Anzahl von Ortskanälen jeweils die Signalenergien in einer Mehrzahl von Zeitpunkten innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitbereichs innerhalb eines bestimmten Frequenzbands oder mehrerer bestimmter Frequenzbänder ermittelt werden. Das Schienenfahrzeug wird innerhalb eines der bestimmten Zeitbereiche oder eines Ortskanals liegend festgestellt, wenn die ermittelte Signalenergie oder die ermittelten Signalenergien vorgegebenen Kriterien entsprechen, insbesondere dann, wenn die ermittelten Signalenergien einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert überschreiten. Als Frequenzband kann im vorliegenden Fall beispielsweise ein Frequenzband zwischen 50 Hz und 150 Hz angenommen werden. Die Trajektorie x0(t) des Anfangs oder des Endes des Schienenfahrzeugs kann beispielsweise ermittelt werden, indem für jeden Ortskanal der jeweils früheste oder späteste Zeitpunkt ermittelt wird, in dem die Signalenergie einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert überschreitet oder unterschreitet. Alternativ kann die Trajektorie x0(t) des Anfangs oder des Endes des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 ermittelt werden, indem für jeden Zeitpunkt der jeweils der dem Messgerät 4 in Erstreckungsrichtung nächstgelegene oder entfernteste Ortspunkt ermittelt wird, in dem die Signalenergie einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert überschreitet oder unterschreitet.The determination of such a time path course in the form of a trajectory x 0 (t) can be carried out in different ways, for example by GPS measurement or other generally known navigation methods. In addition, there is also the possibility that to determine the trajectory x 0 (t) of the beginning of the
Bei sämtlichen Verfahren wird die Trajektorie x0(t) des Anfangs des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 in Bezug auf die Ortspunkte M1 ... M100 in der Zeit ermittelt oder vorgegeben. Die Trajektorie x0(t) gibt den Ortspunkt M1 ... M100 des Anfangs des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 zu jedem Zeitpunkt t innerhalb eines Zeitbereichs an.In all methods, the trajectory x 0 (t) of the start of the
In weiterer Folge wird eine Filterung des Signals, wie in
Wie in
Basierend auf dem ermittelten diskreten Signal d(x, t) werden die ermittelten Signalwerte entsprechend der Trajektorie x0(t) des Anfangs des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 einander zugeordnet, dass die von gleichen Teilen des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 ausgehenden bzw. von gleichen Teilen des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 verursachten Werte aus dem diskreten Signal d(x, t) einander zugeordnet werden. Entsprechend der Fortbewegung des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 besteht hierbei die Möglichkeit, dass die einzelnen ermittelten Signalwerte d(x, t) entsprechend der Trajektorie t0(x) oder x0(t) entzerrt werden oder interpoliert werden. Die einzelnen einander zugeordneten gegebenenfalls verschobenen entzerrten oder interpolierten Werte des diskreten Signals werden aggregiert, im vorliegenden Fall summiert, wodurch ein charakteristisches Signal C ermittelt wird. Dieses charakteristische Signal C weist für jeden Längsabschnitt des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 jeweils einen Wert auf. Das charakteristische Signal C kann insgesamt charakteristisch für das Schienenfahrzeug bzw. die von dem Schienenfahrzeug abgegebenen Vibrationen oder Druckänderungen angesehen werden.Based on the determined discrete signal d (x, t), the determined signal values corresponding to the trajectory x 0 (t) of the beginning of the
Um eine konkrete Zuordnung von Teilen des diskreten Signal d(x, t) entsprechend der Trajektorie x0(t) zu finden, können grundsätzlich unterschiedliche Vorgehensweise gewählt werden.In order to find a concrete assignment of parts of the discrete signal d (x, t) corresponding to the trajectory x 0 (t), fundamentally different approaches can be chosen.
Bei einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform (
Im Detail wird die Zuglänge als konstant mit P angenommen. Die Trajektorie des Zuganfangs wird mit x0(t) bezeichnet, die Trajektorie der Position p (p ∈ [0, P]) im Zug wird mit xp(t) bezeichnet, die Trajektorie des Zugendes wird mit xP(t) bezeichnet. Nachdem das Schienenfahrzeug 1 immer annähernd gleich lang ist und die Wagen sich nicht - bzw für die Messung nur unwesentlich - verformen, gilt xp(t)=x0(t)-p. Betrachtet wird nun ein Zeitausschnitt [tA, tE]. Die Werte des diskreten Signals d(x, t) werden entlang der x-Achse abhängig von t verschoben. Man erhält ein verschobenes Signal dc(p,t)=d(xp(t), t) für p ∈ [0,P] und t ∈ [tA, tE]. Dieses verschobene Signal dc(p, t) ist abhängig von der Position bezogen auf das Schienenfahrzeug 1 und von der Zeit. Danach kann durch Summation das charakteristische Signal des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 entsprechend der Formel C(p) = ∑t∈[TA, TE] dc(p,t) ermittelt werden.In detail, the train length is assumed to be constant with P. The trajectory of the beginning of the train is denoted by x 0 (t), the trajectory of the position p (p ∈ [0, P]) in the train is denoted by x p (t), the trajectory of the train's end is denoted by x P (t) , Since the
Eine weitere bevorzugte Vorgehensweise (
Sofern bei der dargestellten Vorgehensweise Beschleunigungen und Verzögerungen des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 vorliegen, verläuft die Trajektorie nicht linear, zB wie in
Wie die Aggregation konkret vorgenommen wird, ist von untergeordneter Bedeutung. Üblicherweise reicht eine bloße Summation der einzelnen verschobenen und gegebenenfalls entzerrten Zeit- oder Ortssignale aus, um ein Signal zu ermitteln, das charakteristisch für das jeweilige Schienenfahrzeug 1 ist.How the aggregation is made concrete is of secondary importance. Usually, a mere summation of the individual shifted and optionally equalized time or location signals is sufficient to determine a signal which is characteristic of the
Im Detail kann eine verschobene und entzerrte Funktion dc aufgrund des diskreten Signals d(x, t) ermittelt werden, die nur von der Zeit und von der Position p ∈ [0, P] bezogen auf das Schienenfahrzeug 1 abhängt. Als Betrachtungsintervall entlang des Ortes wird das Ortsintervall [xA, xE] zwischen den Ortspunkten xA und xE festgelegt. Die Trajektorie des Anfangs des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 wird mit to(x) bezeichnet. Für jede Position p ∈[0, P] wird die zugehörige Trajektorie mit tp(x) bezeichnet. Wie aus der Skizze ersichtlich wird gilt tp(x) = t0(x+p). Aus dem diskreten Signal d(x,t) wird ein verschobenes Signal dc(x,p) = d(x,tp(x)) für x ∈ [XA, XE] und p ∈ [0, P] ermittelt. Das charakteristische Signal für das gesamte Schienenfahrzeug 1 ergibt sich dann als C(p) = ∑x∈[XA,XE] dc(x,p).In detail, a shifted and equalized function d c can be determined on the basis of the discrete signal d (x, t), which depends only on the time and on the position p ∈ [0, P] with respect to the
Kommt es aufgrund der Verzerrung oder Verschiebung dazu, dass aufgrund des Verlaufs der Trajektorie x0(t) Stützpunkte gewählt werden, die mit den diskreten Ort- und Zeit-Stützpunkten des diskreten Zeitsignals nicht übereinstimmen, so kann eine Interpolation der Orts- und Zeitkanäle vorgenommen werden, sodass letztendlich eine Verschiebung von Orts- und Zeitsignalen um beliebige durch die Trajektorie x0(t) festgelegte Werte möglich ist.If, due to the distortion or displacement, interpolation points are selected on the basis of the course of the trajectory x 0 (t), which do not coincide with the discrete location and time interpolation points of the discrete time signal, then the location and time channels can be interpolated so that ultimately a displacement of position and time signals around arbitrary values defined by the trajectory x 0 (t) is possible.
Alternativ besteht auch die Möglichkeit, dass sich die Fensterstützpunkte an diskreten Äquidistanten oder in jeden Ortskanal gleich festgelegten Zeiten befinden und zur Verschiebung entsprechend der Trajektorie x0(t) die einzelnen Ortskanäle nur um ganzzahlige vielfache des Abstands dieser Zeiten verschoben werden.Alternatively, there is also the possibility that the window bases are located at discrete equidistant or in each local channel identically defined times and the shift according to the trajectory x 0 (t), the individual local channels are moved only by integer multiples of the distance of these times.
Nach der Ermittlung eines charakteristischen Signals C besteht nunmehr die Möglichkeit, an mehreren Stellen entlang des Fahrtwegs 2 bzw. zu mehreren Zeitpunkten während der Fahrt, gemäß einer der vorstehend genannten Vorgehensweisen, ein charakteristisches Signal C zu ermitteln. Die einzelnen charakteristischen Signale C1, C2 werden miteinander verglichen, wobei ein Übereinstimmungswert ermittelt wird, der angibt ob die beiden charakteristischen Signale C1, C2 auf eine Entgleisung hindeuten, beispielsweise dadurch, dass Abweichungen zwischen der derart vom selben Schienenfahrzeug 1 erstellten Signalen bestehen.After the determination of a characteristic signal C, it is now possible to determine a characteristic signal C at several points along the
Ein verbessertes Vorgehen, eine Entgleisung festzustellen, wird im Folgenden unter Bezugnahme auf
Wenn beim Vergleich zweier vom selben Schienenfahrzeug 1 vor und nach der Entgleisung aufgenommener Signale einen Schwellenwert überschreitende Unterschiede lediglich in einer einen oberen Schwellenwert unterschreitenden Stellen des charakteristischen Signals vorhanden sind, kann von einer Entgleisung ausgegangen werden. Eine Entgleisung kann zum Beispiel dann festgestellt werden, wenn beim Vergleich zweier vom selben Schienenfahrzeug 1 vor und nach der Entgleisung aufgenommener charakteristischer Signale Unterschiede von wenigstens 100 % in weniger als durch einen vorgegebenen oberen Schwellenwert entsprechenden Stellen des charakteristischen Signals vorhanden sind. Dieser obere Schwellenwert wird vorteilhafterweise auf einen Wert gesetzt, der der Anzahl von vorgegebenen Ortspunkten M1, ..., M100 entspricht, die durchschnittlich auf 10 m bis 50 m des Fahrtwegs 2 angeordnet sind. Bei einer Verteilung der Messpunkte M1, ..., M100 etwa in Abständen von 70 cm auf dem Fahrtweg, hat der Schwellenwert etwa den Wert 70.If, when comparing two signals recorded by the
In
Demgegenüber sind in
Um eine verbesserte Entgleisungsdetektion zu erreichen, kann in beiden der in
Claims (11)
zur Ermittlung der Trajektorie (x0(t)) des Anfangs des Schienenfahrzeugs (1) am Fahrtweg (2) für eine Anzahl von Ortskanälen jeweils die Signalenergien in einer Mehrzahl von Zeitpunkten innerhalb eines bestimmte Zeitbereichs innerhalb eines bestimmten Frequenzbands oder mehrerer bestimmter Frequenzbänder ermittelt werden
und dass die Trajektorie innerhalb eines Zeitbereichs und eines Ortskanals liegend festgestellt wird, wenn die ermittelte Signalenergie oder die ermittelten Signalenergien vorgegebenen Kriterien entsprechen, insbesondere, dass die ermittelte Signalenergie einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert überschreitet,
wobei insbesondere die Trajektorie x0(t) des Anfangs oder des Endes des Schienenfahrzeugs ermittelt wird, indem für jeden Ortskanal der jeweils früheste oder späteste Zeitpunkt ermittelt wird, in dem die Signalenergie einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert überschreitet oder unterschreitet.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
for determining the trajectory (x 0 (t)) of the start of the rail vehicle (1) on the travel path (2) for a number of local channels, respectively the signal energies are determined at a plurality of points within a certain time range within a certain frequency band or several specific frequency bands
and that the trajectory is detected lying within a time range and a local channel, if the determined signal energy or the determined signal energies correspond to predetermined criteria, in particular that the determined signal energy exceeds a predetermined threshold value,
wherein in particular the trajectory x 0 (t) of the start or the end of the rail vehicle is determined by determining for each local channel the earliest or latest time in which the signal energy exceeds or falls below a predetermined threshold value.
wobei eine Entgleisung insbesondere dann festgestellt wird, wenn beim Vergleich zweier vom selben Schienenfahrzeug (1) vor und nach der Entgleisung aufgenommener Signale einen Schwellenwert überschreitende Unterschiede lediglich in einer einen oberen Schwellenwert unterschreitenden Stellen des charakteristischen Signals (C) vorhanden sind.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a measure value for the likelihood of a derailment is determined, which indicates a high probability of a derailment, if the two characteristic signals show a large deviation at individual positions, but otherwise coincide,
wherein a derailment is found in particular when, when comparing two recorded by the same rail vehicle (1) before and after the derailment signals exceeding a threshold differences are present only in a lower threshold of the characteristic signal (C).
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| EP3527459A1 (en) * | 2018-02-20 | 2019-08-21 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Method and system for detecting a derailment of at least one axle of a railway vehicle |
| CN112722003A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-30 | 北京昊鹏智能技术有限公司 | Method and equipment for monitoring train derailment risk |
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| US20010045495A1 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2001-11-29 | Leslie E. Olson | Fiber optic rail monitoring apparatus and method |
| WO2001094176A1 (en) * | 2000-06-09 | 2001-12-13 | Skf Industrie S.P.A. | Method and apparatus for detecting and signalling derailment conditions in a railway vehicle |
| WO2014019886A2 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Locating of rail vehicles |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1114838A (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 1999-01-22 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | How to fix optical cable for sensor |
| DE19908850A1 (en) * | 1999-03-01 | 2000-09-28 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for monitoring a vehicle |
| AT413372B (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2006-02-15 | Siemens Sgp Verkehrstech Gmbh | METHOD FOR THE GENERAL DISPENSING DETECTION |
| DE102007024065B8 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2009-05-14 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH | Device and method for fault monitoring of chassis components of rail vehicles |
| GB2482347A (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-01 | Dhiraj Sinha | Railway vibration security device for trains |
| JP5869426B2 (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2016-02-24 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Railway vehicle derailment detection method and apparatus, railcar carriage, railcar |
| AT516086A1 (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-02-15 | Siemens Ag Oesterreich | Method and device for determining the absolute speed of a rail vehicle |
-
2016
- 2016-06-15 AT ATA50545/2016A patent/AT518745B1/en active
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2017
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20010045495A1 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2001-11-29 | Leslie E. Olson | Fiber optic rail monitoring apparatus and method |
| WO2001094176A1 (en) * | 2000-06-09 | 2001-12-13 | Skf Industrie S.P.A. | Method and apparatus for detecting and signalling derailment conditions in a railway vehicle |
| WO2014019886A2 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Locating of rail vehicles |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3527459A1 (en) * | 2018-02-20 | 2019-08-21 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Method and system for detecting a derailment of at least one axle of a railway vehicle |
| CN112722003A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-30 | 北京昊鹏智能技术有限公司 | Method and equipment for monitoring train derailment risk |
| CN112722003B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2022-12-13 | 北京昊鹏智能技术有限公司 | Method and equipment for monitoring train derailment risk |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3257719B1 (en) | 2023-05-31 |
| AT518745A1 (en) | 2017-12-15 |
| AT518745B1 (en) | 2018-06-15 |
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