EP3129148B1 - Securing the shaft in a cone crusher - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a cone crusher with a held on a driven eccentric cone crushing cone, wherein the eccentric bushing rotates about a trained as a journal crusher axis in the radial guidance, which is firmly clamped in a provided in the lower housing lower part receptacle.

STATE OF THE ART

Cone crushers of this type but also gyratory crushers have long been known from the prior art. According to their purpose, the mass crushing of rocks, they are exposed to heavy loads and correspondingly high levels of wear in harsh environments. In order to ensure reliable operation, the wearing parts, which include in particular the crushing cone held on the cone carrier and also the bearing of the cone carrier, must be replaced from time to time. It is advantageous for the service life, if this work can be carried out on site at short notice. Since the external conditions on the ground, however, are quite uncomfortable and the personnel employed for the maintenance work sometimes becomes impatient due to the failure due to the failure, the handles must be simple and can be carried out without special tooling. In particular, the use of heavy tool due to the risk of damaging the crusher is to be avoided as possible.

Now it has long been proven a holder of the axle journal within the housing, as for example in the prior art DE 1 027 042 is disclosed. In this case, a bell-shaped eccentric bushing with a corresponding bell-shaped crushing cone is slipped over a fixed journal. The eccentric bush is rotated by a bevel gear and a horizontal drive shaft by an external motor in rotation. The clamping of the axle journal in the lower housing part takes place via a conical seat, which acts self-locking. For vertical securing and to correct the mounting position of the axle journal, it is known to use a shaft nut at the lower end of the axle journal in order to additionally clamp the axle journal against the housing part.

However, the conical seating surfaces on the journal and the housing base to manufacture is particularly expensive because of the necessary precision. This is especially true for modern cone crushers in which the journals have a length of over one meter. To produce conical seats of this length is at least consuming, if not impossible - at least in the required precision - especially where the oil passages running in the journal are dependent on the exact axial positioning. Furthermore, it is difficult to disassemble a firmly pressed by the operation in his conical bearing journals for repair. Even with the help of pressure oil associations, the release of a journal from its conical seat is not always guaranteed, so that heavy tool is used.

An apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1 is made WO 2012/140307 A1 known.

THE INVENTION

Object of the present invention is now to design a maintenance-friendly and cost-effective cone crusher, in which the assembly and disassembly of the journal are easily possible even under adverse conditions and without the use of heavy tool.

This object is achieved by the cone crusher according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are described in the subclaims.

As claimed, the essential aspect of the invention is to provide the problematic for large cone crusher conical seat of the journal by a To replace cylindrical seat and to clamp the journal in this cylindrical seat in a purely mechanical way non-positively, this tension the same secure hold as a conical seat, while avoiding the disadvantages of consuming (De) assembly and the difficult positioning of the oil passages , This is inventively achieved in that the crusher axis designed as a journal has a cylindrical upper bearing portion which is clamped in a bore forming the axle journal. The frictional clamping takes place by means of an externally accessible and purely mechanically actuated clamping device, which offers as such a clamping device, the use of a conical clamping set, as is known from the prior art, in particular for the production of shaft-hub connections.

In order to compensate for the caused by the tumbling motion forces reliably, the bracing of the journal is not only a single upper clamping device, but by means of two axially spaced from each other and dependent on the bending moment mechanical tensioning devices, which are held with sufficiently large force application surface in the housing base , Accordingly, the journal in addition to the upper bearing portion in addition to a cylindrical lower bearing portion which is clamped by means of the second "lower" mechanical tensioning device in a corresponding lower portion of the annular space provided in the housing lower part.

Because of the large clamping forces and because of the simple and thus robust construction, it is particularly advantageous if the two mechanical clamping devices for producing the frictional connection of conical clamping sets, as they are known per se from the prior art and commercially available, are formed. As is known, such clamping sets have a conical inner ring (inner cone ring) and a corresponding conical one or two-part outer cone ring ("pressure ring"), wherein the conical surfaces of the rings slide on each other and wherein Inner ring and thrust ring with traction means, in particular with pushed through combined in screw assemblies clamping screws are pulled over each other. Because of the tapered rings, with the displacement of the conical surfaces from the axial biasing force of the screws, a radial force component which elastically shrinks the inner ring and expands the outer ring to create a pressure is created.

In order to facilitate the shrinkage or the expansion of the rings, it is particularly advantageous to use slotted inner and outer rings, especially in the case of the large-diameter clamping devices required for the present purpose.

Although it is expedient for the inventive use of the clamping sets, but not absolutely necessary that the rings are continuous. Instead, clamping sets can also be formed by individual ring segments, which are arranged symmetrically around the circumference of the journal.

In general, however, care must be taken with the clamping sets that the cone angles are not too shallow and that there is a risk of self-locking during clamping, which hinders subsequent opening. Instead, the cone angles should be sufficiently steep, so that despite effective bracing yet a problem-free opening of the clamping sets when loosening the clamping screws is guaranteed. The disassembly of the journal is done in a simple manner by loosening the bolt assemblies both sets of clamping. In particular, no additional aids, such as pressure oil dressings, are necessary. However, it may be advantageous to provide the Abdrückgewinde known from commercially available clamping sets, can be screwed into the screws, which are then supported against the outer ring and drive the rings apart.

For the simple and precise installation and for the secure hold of the axle journal, it is also advantageous to provide an axial stop in the axle journal, against which the axle journal rests with a correspondingly annular support. The axle journal is then simply inserted from above into the axle journal holder until it stops. The attack defines the so Exact axial mounting position of the journal, in particular, the running in the journal oil lines are reliably positioned. The annular support of the stop is advantageously realized in that, on the one hand, the axle journal and, on the other hand, the axle journal receiver experience a reduction in the diameter in the lower region. The annular support then results at the transition between the two different diameters.

It is particularly advantageous in view of a good accessibility and therefore for a simple assembly, if the reduction of the diameter between the upper and the lower bearing portion of the axle journal is provided, wherein the lower bearing portion has a smaller outer dimension than the upper bearing portion. The clamping sets have correspondingly different diameters. The screw assemblies of the upper clamping set are accessible from above during assembly and those from the lower clamping set from below.

In order to be able to brace axles of particularly large diameter securely, it is advantageous to use conical clamping sets with radially divided pressure rings, which are quasi one behind the other. In this case, the clamping sets have a front thrust ring, which faces the inner ring, and a rear thrust ring, wherein both pressure rings are acted upon by their assigned and the inner ring by cross-clamping screws.

A particular advantage that results from the invention of the spigot, in addition to the robust construction of the cone crusher especially the relatively low height with a large diameter and correspondingly high performance at high throughput. Another advantage of the invention is the tension in relation to the previous conical bearing significantly lower structural complexity of storage. In addition, it is possible to dispense with the need for the conical storage separate fixation of the vertical mounting position of the axle journal.

The invention thus provides a maintenance-friendly and economically viable alternative to the existing type of axle mounting.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

Figur 1

einen Schnitt durch den Kopf des Kegelbrechers und

Figur 2

einen Ausschnitt umfassend die konischen Spannsätze.

A particular embodiment of the cone crusher according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. Showing:

FIG. 1

a section through the head of the cone crusher and

FIG. 2

a section comprising the conical clamping sets.

In FIG. 1 First, a section through the head of the cone crusher according to the invention is shown. In this case, the crusher abandoned the crushing material between the fixed crushing ring 1 of the upper housing part 2 and the seated on a conical seat of the trunnion 4 crushing cone 3 is crushed. The cone carrier 4 is offset by the driven eccentric bushing 5 in a tumbling motion, whereby the crushing gap 6 between crushing ring 1 and crushing cone 3 changes continuously circulating. In the crushing gap 6, the crushed material is crushed by squeezing and impact effect until it can leave the cone crusher through the crushing gap 6.

The driven eccentric bushing 5 rotates in a radial guide about a journal 7, which is firmly clamped in the lower housing part 8. For axial support of the cone carrier 4 is a arranged at the top of a cylinder piston 9 spherical thrust bearing 10, which receives the tumbling motion of the cone carrier 4. The cylinder piston 9 is integrated in a frontal bore of the axle journal 7 and allows the axial displacement of the cone carrier 4 with the seated crushing cone 3, which leads to adjustment of the width of the crushing gap 6. The supply of the cylinder piston 9 with hydraulic oil is done via introduced into the journal 7 oil lines 18th

The journal 7 is rotationally cylindrical and inserted into the corresponding provided in the housing lower part 8 and designed as a bore axle journal 11, wherein between the journal 7 and the axle journal 11, a sufficiently large game is provided. For the purpose of bracing the axle journal 7 within the axle journal receptacle 11 has this a cylindrical upper bearing portion 15 ( FIG. 2 ), which is braced by means of an upper mechanical tensioning device in the form of a conical clamping set 14.1 in the axle journal receptacle. In this case, the conical clamping set 14.1 is received in an opening provided in the axle journal 11 annulus 12.

In the present embodiment, the journal 7 is additionally held by a second lower tension 14.2. For this purpose, this has a cylindrical lower bearing portion 13 which is clamped by means of a corresponding lower mechanical tensioning device in the form of a further conical clamping set 14.2 smaller diameter in a lower portion of the axle journal 11. In this case, the clamping set 14.2 receiving annular space 16 is excluded from the journal. Thus, the attachment of the axle journal 7 is characterized in that it is clamped over two bending moment dependent, different sized clamping sets 14.1 and 14.2 with sufficiently large force application surface in the housing base 8. About the two annular spaces 12 and 16, the clamping sets are 14.1 and 14.2 installed in two provided and designed as cylindrical guides construction sections between the journal and axle journal recording.

As can be seen from the figures, the axle journal 7 bears against a stop 17, which the axle journal receiver 11 forms. For this purpose, a transition from a small to a larger bore diameter and corresponding to the journal 7, a transition from a larger to a smaller shaft diameter is provided between the upper bearing portion 15 and the lower bearing portion 13. This stop 17 in the axial direction defines the installation depth of the axle journal 7 in the axle journal receptacle 11.

The clamping sets used in this embodiment each have three mutually displaceable elements, wherein the required clamping force is set by means of corresponding screw assemblies. Obviously, the upper clamping set 14.1 is oriented such that the voltage applied to the upper bearing portion 15 tapered inner ring 20 tapers down to the lower bearing portion 13 out. By contrast, the lower clamping set 14.2 is oriented such that the lower bearing portion 13 adjacent tapered inner ring 19 tapers up to the upper bearing portion 15 out.

In the embodiment, commercially available clamping sets 14.1, 14.2 are used, each comprising a closed inner ring 20 and two consecutive closed pressure rings 21.1 and 21.2, wherein each of the pressure rings 21.1 and 21.2 is braced by a separate screw 22. In this case, the upper clamping set 14.1 is oriented so that the heads of the screws 22 are accessible from the top with the eccentric bush removed, the lower clamping set 14.2 can be braced by screws whose heads are accessible from below.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

break ring

2

Housing top

3

crushing cone

4

cone carrier

5

eccentric

6

crushing gap

7

axis

8th

Housing bottom

9th

cylinder piston

10

thrust

11

axle end

12

annulus

13

lower bearing section 1

14

Clamping sets (14.1 and 14.2)

15

upper bearing section

16

annulus

17

attack

18

oil line

19

Inner ring 19

20

Inner ring 20

21

Pressure rings (21.1 and 21.2)

22

screw

Claims (9)

1. Cone crusher having a crushing cone held on a driven eccentric bushing, wherein the eccentric bushing rotates radially guided about a spindle (7) which is fixedly clamped in a spindle receptacle (11) provided in the housing lower part (8), wherein the spindle (7) comprises a cylindrical upper bearing portion (15) which is braced in a bore forming the spindle receptacle (11) by means of an upper mechanical clamping device (14.1) characterized in that the spindle (7) comprises a cylindrical lower bearing portion (13) which is clamped in a lower region of the bore by means of a lower mechanical clamping device (14.2).
2. Cone crusher according to Claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the mechanical clamping devices are formed by in particular commercially available clamping sets (14.1, 14.2) which each comprise a conical inner ring and a correspondingly conical outer ring, which acts as a pressure ring, wherein inner ring and outer ring are in particular closed rings.
3. Cone crusher according to Claim 2,
   characterized in that
   each of the two clamping sets (14.1, 14.2) is in each case received in an annular space, wherein the annular space (12) for the upper clamping set (14.1) is taken out of the spindle receptacle (11) and the annular space (16) for the lower clamping set (14.2) is taken out of the lower bearing portion (13).
4. Cone crusher according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the spindle receptacle (11) forms a stop (17), wherein between the upper bearing portion (15) and the lower bearing portion (13) a transition is provided from a small to a larger bore diameter and, in a corresponding manner on the spindle, a transition is provided from a larger to a small shaft diameter.
5. Cone crusher according to one of Claims 2 and 4,
   characterized in that
   the upper clamping set (14.1) is oriented in such a manner that the conical inner ring lying against the upper bearing portion tapers downward toward the lower bearing portion, wherein the lower clamping set (14.2) is oriented in such a manner that the conical inner ring lying against the lower bearing portion tapers upward toward the upper bearing portion.
6. Cone crusher according to Claim 5,
   characterized in that
   the upper clamping set (14.1) can be braced by screws, the heads of which are accessible from above when the eccentric bushing is removed, wherein the lower clamping set (14.2) can be braced by screws, the heads of which are accessible from below.
7. Cone crusher according to one of Claims 2 to 6,
   characterized in that
   use is made of commercially available clamping sets (14.1, 4.2), for which the dimensions of the spindle and of the spindle receptacle are correspondingly configured.
8. Cone crusher according to Claim 7,
   characterized in that
   the clamping sets (14.1, 4.2) each comprise a closed inner ring and each comprise two closed pressure rings lying one behind the other, wherein each of the pressure rings is braced via a separate screw assembly.
9. Cone crusher according to Claim 7,
   characterized in that
   the clamping sets (14.1, 4.2) each have a slotted inner ring and a slotted pressure ring.

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