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EP3111999B1 - Installation de réduction d'oxygène et procédé de conception d'une installation de réduction d'oxygène - Google Patents

Installation de réduction d'oxygène et procédé de conception d'une installation de réduction d'oxygène Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3111999B1
EP3111999B1 EP15175014.8A EP15175014A EP3111999B1 EP 3111999 B1 EP3111999 B1 EP 3111999B1 EP 15175014 A EP15175014 A EP 15175014A EP 3111999 B1 EP3111999 B1 EP 3111999B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxygen
enclosed area
gas separation
separation system
concentration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15175014.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3111999A1 (fr
Inventor
Ernst-Werner Wagner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Amrona AG
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Amrona AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to EP15175014.8A priority Critical patent/EP3111999B1/fr
Application filed by Amrona AG filed Critical Amrona AG
Priority to ES15175014.8T priority patent/ES2658472T3/es
Priority to TR2018/02143T priority patent/TR201802143T4/tr
Priority to PL15175014T priority patent/PL3111999T3/pl
Priority to NO15175014A priority patent/NO3111999T3/no
Priority to PT151750148T priority patent/PT3111999T/pt
Priority to RU2018103669A priority patent/RU2710630C2/ru
Priority to MX2017016477A priority patent/MX379053B/es
Priority to CN201680039295.0A priority patent/CN107847777B/zh
Priority to CA2990980A priority patent/CA2990980C/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2016/064148 priority patent/WO2017001222A1/fr
Priority to BR112017028338-7A priority patent/BR112017028338B1/pt
Priority to AU2016288367A priority patent/AU2016288367B2/en
Priority to US15/738,621 priority patent/US10456611B2/en
Publication of EP3111999A1 publication Critical patent/EP3111999A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3111999B1 publication Critical patent/EP3111999B1/fr
Priority to ZA201708465A priority patent/ZA201708465B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/002—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for warehouses, storage areas or other installations for storing goods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for reducing the oxygen content in the space atmosphere of an enclosed area or for holding a reduced oxygen content in the room atmosphere of an enclosed area below a predetermined concentration and reduced concentration (operating concentration) compared to the oxygen concentration of the normal ambient air.
  • the plant according to the invention is in particular designed to prevent the formation or spread of fires by introducing an oxygen-reduced gas mixture or an oxygen-displacing gas into the room atmosphere of an enclosed area.
  • the system according to the invention is basically also suitable for extinguishing fires in the enclosed area.
  • the system according to the invention serves, for example, to reduce the risk and to extinguish fires in an area to be monitored, wherein the enclosed area is also permanently inertized at different levels of reduction for fire prevention or fire fighting.
  • the basic principle of the inertization technique for fire prevention is based on the knowledge that in enclosed areas, their equipment is sensitive responds to the action of water, the risk of fire can be countered by the fact that the oxygen concentration in the affected area is lowered to a value of, for example, 15 vol .-%. With such a (reduced) oxygen concentration, most flammable materials can no longer ignite. Accordingly, the main area of application of this inertization technique for fire prevention is also computerized areas, electrical switching and distribution rooms, enclosed facilities such as storage areas with particularly high-value assets.
  • the fire prevention effect resulting from this inertization technique is based on the principle of oxygen displacement.
  • Normal ambient air is known to be 21% by volume of oxygen, 78% by volume of nitrogen and 1% by volume of other gases.
  • an oxygen-reduced gas mixture or an oxygen-displacing gas, such as nitrogen the oxygen content in the room atmosphere of the enclosed area is reduced.
  • CA Controlled Atmosphere
  • the publication EP 2 724 754 A1 relates to a method for determining and / or monitoring the air-tightness of an enclosed and equipped with an oxygen reduction system space in the room atmosphere for preventive fire protection and / or fire extinguishment by introducing an oxygen-displacing gas at least one preferably pre-settable and compared to the normal ambient air reduced oxygen content adjustable and durable.
  • the oxygen reduction system known from this prior art comprises a compressor system for compressing an initial gas mixture and a gas separation system downstream of the compressor system for separating at least a portion of the initial gas mixture oxygen content and providing a nitrogen-enriched gas which is supplied to the enclosed space becomes. It is determined in the room adjusting differential pressure, with a corresponding Reference value is compared, which provides a statement about the airtightness of the room.
  • the publication US 4,378,920 relates to another gas separation system for providing a nitrogen-enriched gas mixture.
  • Oxygen reduction systems in particular those used as fire prevention systems, fire extinguishing systems, explosion suppression systems or explosion protection systems in which an atmosphere is generated in an enclosed area, which has a lower continuous oxygen concentration than under ambient conditions, have - compared to water extinguishing systems, such as sprinkler systems or spray extinguishing systems - in particular the advantage that they are suitable for volume extinguishing.
  • water extinguishing systems such as sprinkler systems or spray extinguishing systems
  • This (minimum) amount of the oxygen-reduced gas mixture or oxygen-displacing gas to be introduced into the area is calculated according to the effective volume and the airtightness of the space envelope of the enclosed area.
  • the airtightness of the envelope of an enclosed area is typically determined by a blower door test.
  • a ventilator let into a room envelope creates and maintains a constant overpressure and negative pressure of (for example) 50 Pa within the enclosed area.
  • the amount of air leaking through leaks in the enclosure of the enclosed area must be forced in by the fan into the enclosed area and measured.
  • the so-called n50 value (unit: 1 / h) indicates how often the interior volume is converted per hour.
  • the airtightness determined with a differential pressure test thus corresponds to an air exchange rate caused by leaks in a space envelope of the enclosed area, which is also referred to herein as a "charge-independent air exchange rate".
  • the airtightness determined by a differential pressure test does not take into account an air exchange which is caused by openings, which can be formed in the space envelope, such as doors, gates or windows, as required for the purpose of loading and / or inspecting the enclosed area. This rate of air exchange is also referred to herein as a "feed-dependent air exchange rate".
  • the feed-dependent air exchange rate can generally not be determined beforehand, since the feed-dependent air exchange rate varies over time and depends on when and how often for the purpose of loading and / or inspection the space envelope of the enclosed area is opened, such as long is the opening formed for the purpose of loading and / or walking in the space envelope of the enclosed area, and how big this opening ultimately is.
  • these parameters which determine the charge-dependent air exchange rate can not be determined in advance, so that, with regard to the charge-dependent air exchange rate of the enclosed area during the design an oxygen reduction system always assumes peak values by assuming maximum loading and / or commissioning. In this way, it is ensured that with the oxygen reduction system, a sufficient amount of oxygen-displacing gas can always be provided per unit time in order to be able to securely hold a reduced oxygen content in the room atmosphere of the enclosed area below the predetermined operating concentration even in extreme cases.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a method for designing an oxygen reduction system, with which the oxygen reduction system is optimally projected in terms of the actual conditions.
  • a corresponding oxygen reduction system is to be specified, which is better adapted to the actual conditions of the enclosed area compared to oxygen reduction systems, which are designed and projected according to the previous approach.
  • the invention particularly relates to an oxygen reduction system which is designed to reduce the oxygen content in the room atmosphere of an enclosed area to a concentration which is below a predetermined operating concentration and reduced compared to the oxygen concentration of the normal ambient air.
  • the oxygen reduction system according to the invention is designed to keep a reduced oxygen content in the room atmosphere of an enclosed area below a predetermined and reduced operating concentration compared to the oxygen concentration of the normal ambient air.
  • the oxygen reduction system has a gas separation system whose outlet is fluidly connected to the enclosed area to continuously supply an oxygen-reduced gas mixture or an oxygen-displacing gas to the space atmosphere of the enclosed area.
  • the gas separation system is operated continuously, so that continuously, i. in time, the room atmosphere of the enclosed area is supplied with an oxygen-reduced gas mixture or an oxygen-displacing gas.
  • the gas separation system is designed such that, in a continuous operation of the gas separation system in a first mode of operation, the oxygen concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed area is always in a range between the predetermined operating concentration and a predetermined or definable lower limit concentration.
  • a quantity of an oxygen-reduced gas mixture lying within a predefined or definable range is continuously provided.
  • the advantages that can be achieved with the solution according to the invention are obvious: since it is provided that the gas separation system is operated continuously, the oxygen-reduced gas mixture can be provided at the outlet of the gas separation system in an amount that corresponds to the quantity as if it were larger dimensioned gas separation system is operated discontinuously. Therefore, compared to off the stand
  • the technology known approaches the gas separation system and the oxygen reduction system are dimensioned smaller overall, so that thereby the cost of the initial installation of the oxygen reduction system are reduced.
  • the continuous operation of the gas separation system also has the further advantage of minimizing wear on the gas separation system due to repeated on and off switching.
  • the predetermined operating concentration which is reduced in comparison to the oxygen concentration of the normal ambient air, corresponds to the design concentration of the enclosed area.
  • the design concentration in accordance with VdS guideline 3527 (version: filing date) refers to the ignition limit minus a safe distance and is therefore dependent on the materials stored in the enclosed area.
  • the present invention is not limited to such embodiments in which, with the aid of the oxygen reduction system, a reduced oxygen content in the space atmosphere of an enclosed area is kept below the design concentration of the area. Rather, the invention also encompasses those embodiments in which generally a reduced oxygen content in the room atmosphere of the enclosed area is kept below a predetermined and reduced operating concentration compared to the oxygen concentration of normal ambient air, which predetermined operating concentration is also above the design concentration of the area can.
  • the solution according to the invention is particularly suitable for an oxygen reduction system, which is projected with regard to an enclosed area, wherein the air exchange rate of the enclosed area varies cyclically with respect to time.
  • This is the case, for example, in rooms or warehouses, the envelope of which is temporarily opened for the purpose of inspection and / or loading, whereby the frequency of the inspection / loading is subject to a certain cycle, for example a day cycle or a week cycle, so that overall the air exchange rate of the enclosed area in terms of the time varies cyclically and each time cycle is divisible into several consecutive time periods.
  • the mean air exchange rate of the enclosed area assumes a corresponding value for each time period.
  • the total air exchange rate of the enclosed area (here: warehouse) varies cyclically at weekly intervals, the average total air exchange rate of the enclosed area (warehouse) during the 6 working days being a feed-dependent air exchange rate and a feed-independent air exchange rate composed.
  • the feed-dependent air exchange rate is negligible, so that the mean total air exchange rate essentially corresponds to the charge-independent air exchange rate of the enclosed area.
  • the feed-dependent air exchange rate takes into account an air exchange that takes place through openings in the space envelope of the enclosed area, which are (intentionally) formed as required for the purpose of loading and / or inspection. These openings are, in particular, doors, gates, locks or windows.
  • the gas separation system takes into account the respective duration of the time periods Taking into account the respective mean total air exchange rates for each period of time is designed so that in a continuous operation of the gas separation system in a first mode of operation, the oxygen concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed area always in a range between the predetermined operating concentration (such as the design concentration the enclosed area) and the predetermined or definable lower limit concentration.
  • the gas separation system can be operated in at least two and preferably three different operating modes. In these at least two modes of operation, the gas separation system continuously provides an oxygen-reduced gas mixture at the outlet. In contrast to the first operating mode, however, in the second operating mode of the gas separation system, the amount of an oxygen-reduced gas mixture continuously provided per unit time at the outlet is increased, relative to a reference value of a residual oxygen concentration.
  • the gas separation system is further operable in a third operating mode in which - compared to the first mode of operation - the continuously provided per unit time at the outlet amount of an oxygen-reduced gas mixture - based on a reference value of a residual oxygen concentration - is reduced.
  • the in the time diagram in FIG. 1 total period considered is one week (7 days).
  • FIG. 1 In particular, the temporal evolution of the oxygen concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed area is shown. It can be seen in particular that the oxygen concentration is always in a range between about 15.0 vol .-% and 14.9 vol .-%. This is a classical control range defined by an upper threshold and a lower threshold oxygen concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed area.
  • the upper threshold oxygen concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed area represents the turn-on threshold at which a gas separation system associated with the oxygen reduction system is turned on to provide an oxygen depleted gas mixture at the outlet of the gas separation system.
  • the provided oxygen-reduced gas mixture is then introduced into the room atmosphere of the enclosed area, so that subsequently the oxygen concentration in the room atmosphere decreases accordingly.
  • the operation of the gas separation system is discontinued.
  • the supply of the oxygen-reduced gas mixture is interrupted in the room atmosphere of the enclosed area, as a result, in the space atmosphere of the enclosed area, the oxygen concentration increases again accordingly.
  • This charge-independent air exchange rate can be determined in advance in particular by means of a differential pressure measurement.
  • charge-independent air exchange rate there is also a charge-dependent air exchange rate, ie an air exchange through openings provided in the envelope of the enclosed area which are opened for the purpose of loading and / or inspecting the enclosed area.
  • FIG. 1 is a situation in which the enclosed area is used 6 days a week (here: Monday to Saturday) in a three-shift operation.
  • a "utilization in three-shift operation" is to be understood as meaning a semi-continuous all-round operation which takes place in the in FIG. 1 shown embodiment is interrupted only on Sunday.
  • the gas separation system of the oxygen reduction system is operated continuously in an operating mode in which at the outlet of the gas separation system per unit time a lying within a predetermined or definable range amount of an oxygen-reduced gas mixture is continuously provided, said per Time unit provided is greater than 0 liters per hour.
  • FIG. 2 the temporal evolution of the oxygen concentration in the room atmosphere of an enclosed area shown, for which the oxygen reduction plant according to the invention is designed and projected. It This is an enclosed area (for example, a warehouse) used in three shifts 6 days a week.
  • the oxygen reduction system has a gas separation system, which is designed and designed taking into account a feed-dependent air exchange rate and a feed-independent air exchange rate over the course of the week.
  • the feed-dependent air exchange rate during the course of the week takes into account the fresh air intake by feeding and / or inspection of the enclosed area.
  • the total fresh air intake is composed of the feed-dependent air exchange rate on the one hand and the feed-independent air change rate at an average wind speed of 3 m / s.
  • nitrogen (N 2 ) having a residual oxygen concentration of, for example, 5% is used as the oxygen-reduced gas mixture or oxygen-displacing gas.
  • the nitrogen required for leveling the total fresh air intake during the week is summarized in Table 3.
  • the time course of the nitrogen requirement is also in the time chart according to FIG. 2 located. It can be seen in particular that on Sunday (rest day) the nitrogen requirement drops to a relatively low value of 144 m 3 / h. This reduced nitrogen requirement results from the reduced air exchange rate on Sunday, as on Sunday the air exchange rate is determined by the feed-independent air exchange rate (the feed-dependent air exchange rate is negligible on the day of rest, since no loading and / or inspection of the enclosed area is provided).
  • the gas separation system belonging to the oxygen reduction system is operated continuously, in which context in particular also means operation on Sunday (rest day).
  • the operating mode of the gas separation system is selected such that an amount of an oxygen-reduced gas mixture is continuously provided at the outlet of the gas separation system per unit time, so that the oxygen concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed area in the entire week cycle in a range between the predetermined, reduced operating concentration and a pre fixed or definable lower limit concentration.
  • the continuous operation of the gas separation system establishes a calculated nitrogen buffer in the enclosed area that is used for a subsequent period of time with increased nitrogen demand.
  • the preset, reduced operating concentration is 15% by volume and the preset or definable lower limit concentration is 14.6% by volume.
  • concentration values are also conceivable.
  • the gas separation system of the oxygen reduction plant is operated continuously so that at the outlet of the gas separation system continuously per hour 526 m 3 of the oxygen-reduced gas mixture is provided.
  • This operating mode of the gas separation system ensures that over the week cycle the oxygen concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed area is always below the predetermined, reduced operating concentration of 15% by volume.
  • the gas separation system In contrast to a conventionally designed or projected oxygen reduction system, however, can be significantly smaller dimensions with the solution according to the invention, the gas separation system. It should be noted that the in FIG. 1 In the case shown, the gas separation system is designed for a delivery capacity of more than 1,000 m 3 / h.
  • FIG. 3 another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described. Specifically, here is shown the operation of an oxygen reduction plant which is designed and projected for an enclosed area (warehouse) used in two shifts 6 days a week. As with the in FIG. 2 shown case example is according to the timing diagram FIG. 3 Sunday is a rest day.
  • the time course of the nitrogen requirement is also in the time chart according to FIG. 3 located.
  • FIG. 3 424 m 3 of nitrogen per hour are provided by the gas separation system to ensure that during the week the oxygen concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed area is always below the pre-determined operating concentration of 15% by volume.
  • the timing diagrams of the case examples according to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show that in a continuous operation of the gas separation system of the oxygen reduction system per unit time such a sufficient amount of an oxygen-reduced gas mixture (continuously) is provided that the oxygen concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed area always below the predetermined, reduced operating concentration and a predetermined or definable lower Boundary concentration is.
  • the predetermined operating concentration is 15% by volume, while the predetermined or definable lower limit concentration is at most 1% by volume of oxygen and preferably at most 0.5% by volume of oxygen below that of the predetermined, reduced Operating concentration corresponding to the oxygen content.
  • the respective duration of the time periods of the time cycle and the respective mean total air exchange rate for each time period then play a role in the design or planning of the gas separation system of the oxygen reduction system.
  • the solution according to the invention is generally suitable for an enclosed area whose total air exchange rate varies cyclically with time, each time cycle being divided into several consecutive time periods, and for each time period a mean total air exchange rate of the enclosed area assuming a corresponding value ,
  • the average air exchange rate of the enclosed area is within a first value range
  • the average air exchange rate of enclosed area within at least a second range of values, wherein the mean value of the at least one second value range is greater than the average value of the first range of values.
  • the gas separation system of the oxygen reduction system be designed to take into account the time duration of the first and the at least one second time periods and the average total air exchange rate of the enclosed area during the first and the at least one second time periods In a continuous operation of the gas separation system in the first operation mode, the oxygen concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed area is always in a range between the preset operation concentration and the predetermined or definable lower limit concentration.
  • an average wind speed of 3.0 m / s is taken into account. This condition may not always exist in reality. In particular, it can not be ruled out that significantly higher wind speeds will be present at least temporarily. This would then have an influence in particular on the feed-independent air exchange rate, ie the air exchange rate, which are caused by unwanted or indispensable leaks in the enclosure of the enclosed area.
  • the gas separation system can be operated in at least two different operating modes is.
  • the gas separation system is operated starting from its standard operating mode (first operating mode) in its second operating mode, when the average total air exchange rate of the enclosed area increases in particular in an unpredictable manner and in particular in an uncyclical manner.
  • the amount of an oxygen-reduced gas mixture continuously provided per unit time at the outlet of the gas separation system is increased correspondingly to a reference value of a residual oxygen concentration.
  • the specific power of the gas separation system is lower than the specific power of the gas separation system in the second operation mode.
  • specific performance of the gas separation system is the specific energy demand of the gas separation system to provide a volume unit of the oxygen-reduced gas mixture (relative to a reference level of residual oxygen concentration).
  • the gas reduction system of the oxygen reduction system is designed to be operated either in a VPSA mode or in a PSA mode, wherein the first operating mode of the gas separation system corresponds to the VPSA mode and the second operating mode of the gas separation system PSA mode corresponds.
  • a gas separation system operated in a VPSA mode is generally a vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) system for providing nitrogen-impinged air.
  • VPSA vacuum pressure swing adsorption
  • such a VPSA system is used in the oxygen reduction system as a gas separation system, which, however, if necessary, especially if the average total air exchange rate of the enclosed area increases in an unforeseeable manner and / or non-cyclically - in a PSA system. Mode is operated.
  • PSA stands for "pressure swing adsorption", which is commonly referred to as “pressure swing adsorption”.
  • an initial gas mixture which comprises oxygen, nitrogen and optionally further components
  • the initial gas mixture provided is suitably compressed and, in the gas separation system, at least part of the oxygen contained in the initial compressed gas mixture is separated so that a nitrogen-enriched gas mixture is provided at the outlet of the gas separation system.
  • This nitrogen-enriched gas mixture at the outlet of the gas separation system corresponds to the oxygen-reduced gas mixture which is introduced continuously into the room atmosphere of the enclosed area.
  • the degree of compression of the initial gas mixture by the compressor system is increased when the gas separation system has to be switched from the first operating mode to the second operating mode due to increased air exchange.
  • an increase in compression to up to 25.0 bar is conceivable.
  • the invention is not limited to the exemplary values given above.
  • the gas separation system is operated in the second operating mode when the oxygen concentration in the enclosed area exceeds a predetermined or definable upper limit value, in particular due to an averaged air exchange rate
  • the upper limit oxygen concentration preferably corresponds to an oxygen concentration which is at or above the oxygen concentration corresponding to the predetermined operating concentration.
  • the predetermined or definable upper limit oxygen concentration corresponds to an oxygen concentration which is at most 1.0% by volume and preferably at most 0.2% by volume above the oxygen concentration corresponding to the predetermined operating concentration.
  • the gas separation system in the second operating mode in at least two predetermined, different power levels is operable, wherein the at least two power levels differ in that - compared to a first power level - in a second power level the per unit of time of the gas separation system provideable amount of an oxygen-reduced gas mixture is higher, based on a predetermined reference value of a residual oxygen concentration.
  • the power stage of the gas separation system is preferably automatically selected in the second operating mode.
  • the gas separation system inert gas source in particular in the form of a compressed gas storage in which an oxygen-reduced gas mixture or inert gas is stored in compressed form.
  • the further inert gas source is fluidly connected to the enclosed area when the oxygen concentration in the enclosed area exceeds a predetermined or definable upper limit, in particular due to a mean time-increased rate of air change.
  • the predetermined or definable upper limit preferably corresponds to an oxygen concentration that is at or above the oxygen concentration that corresponds to the predetermined operating concentration.
  • the predetermined or definable upper limit value preferably corresponds to an oxygen concentration which is at most 1% by volume and preferably at most 0.2% by volume above the oxygen concentration which corresponds to the operating concentration.
  • a means for reducing a feed-dependent air exchange rate of the enclosed area on demand wherein the feed-dependent air exchange rate takes into account an air exchange caused by openings for the purpose of loading and / or commissioning in the space envelope of the enclosed area
  • This device is designed to preferably automatically reduce the charge-dependent air exchange rate of the enclosed area when the oxygen concentration in the enclosed area exceeds a predetermined or determinable upper limit.
  • the predetermined or definable upper limit value preferably corresponds to an oxygen concentration which is at or above the oxygen concentration corresponding to the predetermined operating concentration.
  • the gas separation system is further operable in a third operating mode, in which - compared to the first operating mode - the continuously per unit time At the outlet provided amount of an oxygen-reduced gas mixture - based on a reference value of a residual oxygen concentration - is reduced.
  • the specific power of the gas separation system should be higher than the specific power of the gas separation system in the third mode of operation.
  • this predetermined lower limit value corresponds to an oxygen concentration which is at or above the oxygen concentration which corresponds to the predefinable lower limit concentration or above the predefinable lower limit concentration.
  • the present invention particularly relates to a system for maintaining a reduced oxygen content in the room atmosphere of an enclosed area below a predetermined and reduced operating concentration compared to the oxygen concentration of the normal ambient air, the system comprising a continuously operated gas separation system designed such that in a continuous operation of the gas separation system, the oxygen concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed area is always in a range between the predetermined operating concentration and a predetermined or definable lower limit concentration.
  • the oxygen reduction system is associated with an enclosed area whose total air exchange rate varies cyclically with time, each time cycle being divided into a plurality of consecutive time periods, and wherein for each time period a mean total air exchange rate of the enclosed one Range assumes a corresponding value.
  • the gas separation system is designed taking into account the respective duration of the time periods and taking into account the respective average total air exchange rates such that in a continuous operation of the gas separation system, the oxygen concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed area always in a range between the predetermined operating concentration and the advance fixed or definable lower limit concentration.
  • the time cycle is a weekly cycle, wherein continuously during at least a first time period of preferably at least 4 to 48 hours, especially at least 4 to 24 hours, and more preferably at least 6 to 24 hours, the average total air exchange rate of and wherein during the remaining time of the week cycle the average total air exchange rate of the enclosed area corresponds to a sum, in particular a weighted sum of a feed-dependent air exchange rate and a feed-independent air exchange rate.
  • the gas separation system of the oxygen reduction system is designed such that in a continuous operation of the gas separation system, the oxygen concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed area during the at least a first time period is reduced such that the oxygen concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed during the remaining time of the week cycle Range does not exceed the design concentration.
  • the oxygen reduction system is designed so that a nitrogen buffer is built up in the enclosed area during a calculated rest period with low air exchange rate. This buffer then compensates for the higher air exchange rate during the operating times, so that this compensation does not have to be provided by the oxygen reduction system and this can be operated evenly.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
  • Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
  • Storage Of Harvested Produce (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Installation de réduction de la teneur en oxygène dans l'atmosphère ambiante d'une zone enfermée et/ou de maintien d'une teneur réduite en oxygène dans l'atmosphère ambiante d'une zone enfermée au-dessous d'une concentration de fonctionnement fixée auparavant et réduite par comparaison à la concentration en oxygène dans l'air ambiant normal, dans laquelle
    l'installation comprend un système de séparation de gaz dont la sortie est reliée par voie fluidique à la zone enfermée pour l'alimentation continue d'un mélange gazeux réduit en oxygène ou d'un gaz chassant l'oxygène, le système de séparation de gaz est conçu de telle sorte que lors d'un fonctionnement en continu du système de séparation de gaz dans un premier mode de fonctionnement dans lequel une quantité d'un mélange gazeux réduit en oxygène située à l'intérieur d'une plage fixée ou fixable auparavant est fournie par unité de temps en continu à la sortie du système de séparation de gaz,
    la concentration en oxygène dans l'atmosphère ambiante de la zone enfermée se trouve toujours dans une plage comprise entre la concentration de fonctionnement fixée auparavant et une concentration limite inférieure fixée ou fixable auparavant,
    le taux total de renouvellement d'air de la zone enfermée varie cycliquement par rapport au temps, chaque cycle de temps est subdivisé en plusieurs périodes temporelles successives et pour chaque période temporelle un taux total moyen de renouvellement d'air de la zone enfermée prend une valeur correspondante,
    le système de séparation de gaz est conçu en prenant en compte la durée respective des périodes temporelles ainsi qu'en prenant en compte les taux totaux moyens respectifs de renouvellement d'air, de telle sorte que lors d'un fonctionnement continu du système de séparation de gaz, dans le premier mode de fonctionnement, la concentration en oxygène dans l'atmosphère ambiante de la zone enfermée est constamment dans une plage comprise entre la concentration de fonctionnement fixée auparavant et la concentration limite inférieure fixée ou fixable auparavant,
    le cycle de temps est un cycle hebdomadaire, et pendant au moins une première période temporelle de préférence d'au moins 4 à 48 heures, en particulier d'au moins 4 à 24 heures, et de préférence particulière d'au moins 6 à 24 heures, le taux total moyen de renouvellement d'air de la zone enfermée correspond en continu à un taux de renouvellement d'air indépendant de l'approvisionnement de la zone enfermée, et pendant le reste du temps du cycle hebdomadaire, le taux total moyen de renouvellement d'air de la zone enfermée correspond à une somme, en particulier à une somme pondérée d'un taux de renouvellement d'air dépendant de l'approvisionnement et d'un taux de renouvellement d'air indépendant de l'approvisionnement, et le système de séparation de gaz est conçu de telle sorte que lors d'un fonctionnement continu du système de séparation de gaz dans le premier mode de fonctionnement, la concentration en oxygène dans l'atmosphère ambiante de la zone enfermée est réduite pendant ladite au moins une première période temporelle de telle sorte que même pendant le reste du temps du cycle hebdomadaire la concentration en oxygène dans l'atmosphère ambiante de la zone enfermée ne dépasse pas la concentration de fonctionnement.
  2. Installation selon la revendication 1,
    dans laquelle, à l'intérieur d'une première période temporelle desdites plusieurs périodes temporelles successives d'un cycle de temps, le taux total moyen de renouvellement d'air de la zone enfermée est à l'intérieur d'une première plage de valeurs,
    et dans laquelle, à l'intérieur d'au moins une seconde période temporelle desdites plusieurs périodes temporelles successives d'un cycle de temps, le taux total moyen de renouvellement d'air de la zone enfermée est à l'intérieur d'au moins une seconde plage de valeurs, et la valeur moyenne de ladite au moins une seconde plage de valeurs est supérieure à la valeur moyenne de la première plage de valeurs,
    et le système de séparation de gaz est conçu en prenant en compte la durée respective de la première et de ladite au moins une seconde période temporelle ainsi qu'en prenant en compte le taux total moyen de renouvellement d'air de la zone enfermée pendant la première et ladite au moins une seconde période temporelle, de telle sorte que lors d'un fonctionnement continu du système de séparation de gaz, dans le premier mode de fonctionnement, la concentration en oxygène dans l'atmosphère ambiante de la zone enfermée est constamment dans une plage comprise entre la concentration de fonctionnement fixée auparavant et la concentration limite inférieure fixée auparavant.
  3. Installation selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    dans laquelle, lors d'un fonctionnement en continu du système de séparation de gaz, dans le premier mode de fonctionnement, la quantité d'un mélange gazeux réduit en oxygène fourni en continu à la sortie du système de séparation de gaz par unité de temps, est choisi en fonction de l'un au moins des paramètres mentionnés ci-après :
    - le volume de l'espace de la zone enfermée ;
    - le taux de renouvellement d'air indépendant de l'approvisionnement à travers des fuites dans l'enceinte de la zone enfermée ; et/ou
    - un taux de renouvellement d'air indépendant de l'approvisionnement à travers des ouvertures réalisables en cas de besoin dans l'enceinte de la zone enfermée à des fins d'approvisionnement et/ou d'accès.
  4. Installation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    dans laquelle le système de séparation de gaz est susceptible de fonctionner en outre dans un second mode de fonctionnement dans lequel - par comparaison au premier mode de fonctionnement - la quantité d'un mélange gazeux réduit en oxygène fournie à la sortie en continu par unité de temps - par rapport à une valeur de référence d'une concentration en oxygène restante - est augmentée, et dans le premier mode de fonctionnement la puissance spécifique du système de séparation de gaz est en particulier inférieure à la puissance spécifique du système de séparation de gaz dans le second mode de fonctionnement.
  5. Installation selon la revendication 4,
    dans laquelle le système de séparation de gaz est conçu pour fonctionner au choix dans un mode "VPSA" ou dans un mode "PSA", et le premier mode de fonctionnement du système de séparation de gaz correspond au mode VPSA, et le second mode de fonctionnement du système de séparation de gaz correspond au mode PSA.
  6. Installation selon la revendication 4 ou 5,
    dans laquelle l'installation comprend un système de compresseur relié au système de séparation de gaz pour comprimer un mélange gazeux initial, dans laquelle le système de séparation de gaz est réalisé de manière à séparer au moins une partie de l'oxygène contenu dans le mélange gazeux initial comprimé et à fournir à une sortie du système de séparation de gaz un mélange gazeux réduit en oxygène, et dans laquelle le rapport de compression du système de compresseur est réglable de telle sorte que le mélange gazeux initial dans le système de compresseur est comprimable au choix à une première valeur de pression faible ou à une seconde valeur de pression élevée, en particulier à une première pression de 1,5 à 2,0 bars ou à une seconde pression de 7,0 à 9,0 bars, et dans laquelle, dans le premier mode de fonctionnement du système de séparation de gaz, le mélange gazeux initial est comprimé à la première valeur de pression et dans le second mode de fonctionnement le mélange gazeux initial est comprimé à la seconde valeur de pression.
  7. Installation selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6,
    dans laquelle le système de séparation de gaz fonctionne dans le second mode de fonctionnement, lorsque la concentration en oxygène dans la zone enfermée - en particulier en raison d'un taux de renouvellement d'air augmenté dans la valeur temporelle moyenne - dépasse une valeur limite supérieure fixée ou fixable auparavant,
    la valeur limite supérieure fixée ou fixable auparavant de la concentration en oxygène correspond de préférence à une concentration en oxygène qui est égale ou supérieure à la concentration en oxygène qui correspond à la concentration de fonctionnement fixée auparavant,
    et la valeur limite supérieure fixée ou fixable auparavant de la concentration en oxygène correspond de préférence en particulier à une concentration en oxygène qui est supérieure de 1 % en volume au maximum, de préférence de 0,2 % en volume au maximum, à la concentration en oxygène qui correspond à la concentration de fonctionnement.
  8. Installation selon la revendication 7,
    dans laquelle, dans le second mode de fonctionnement, le système de séparation de gaz est apte à fonctionner dans au moins deux étages de puissance différents fixables auparavant, et lesdits au moins deux étages de puissance se distinguent du fait que par comparaison à un premier étage de puissance, dans un second étage de puissance la quantité de mélange gazeux réduit en oxygène susceptible d'être fournie par unité de temps par le système de séparation de gaz est plus élevée, à savoir par rapport à une valeur de référence fixée auparavant d'une teneur en oxygène résiduelle, et en fonction du degré du dépassement de la valeur limite supérieure fixée ou fixable auparavant de la concentration en oxygène, l'étage de puissance du système de séparation de gaz est choisi de préférence automatiquement dans le second mode de fonctionnement.
  9. Installation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8,
    dans laquelle est prévue une autre source de gaz inerte indépendante du système de séparation de gaz, en particulier sous la forme d'un réservoir de gaz sous pression dans lequel est stocké un mélange gazeux réduit en oxygène ou un gaz inerte sous forme comprimée, et l'autre source de gaz inerte est reliée en terme fluidique à la zone enfermée lorsque la concentration en oxygène dans la zone enfermée dépasse une valeur limite supérieure fixée ou fixable auparavant - en particulier en raison d'un taux de renouvellement d'air augmenté dans la valeur temporelle moyenne - et la valeur limite supérieure fixée ou fixable auparavant de la concentration en oxygène correspond de préférence à une concentration en oxygène qui est égale ou supérieure à la concentration en oxygène qui correspond à la concentration de fonctionnement fixée auparavant, et la valeur limite supérieure fixée ou fixable auparavant de la concentration en oxygène correspond de préférence en particulier à une concentration en oxygène qui est de 1 % en volume au maximum et de préférence de 0,2 % en volume au maximum au-dessus de la concentration en oxygène qui correspond à concentration de fonctionnement.
  10. Installation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9,
    dans laquelle est prévu en outre un dispositif pour réduire en cas de besoin un taux de renouvellement d'air dépendant de l'approvisionnement de la zone enfermée, et le taux de renouvellement d'air dépendant de l'approvisionnement prend en compte un renouvellement d'air qui est dû à des ouvertures réalisables en cas de besoin dans l'enceinte de la zone enfermée à des fins d'approvisionnement et/ou d'accès, et le dispositif est réalisé pour réduire de préférence automatiquement le taux de renouvellement d'air dépendant de l'approvisionnement de la zone enfermée, lorsque la concentration en oxygène dans la zone enfermée dépasse une valeur limite supérieure fixée ou fixable auparavant,
    la valeur limite supérieure fixée ou fixable auparavant de la concentration en oxygène correspond de préférence à une concentration en oxygène qui est égale ou supérieure à la concentration en oxygène qui correspond à la concentration de fonctionnement fixée auparavant,
    et la valeur limite supérieure fixée ou fixable auparavant de la concentration en oxygène correspond de préférence en particulier à une concentration en oxygène qui est de 1 % en volume au maximum, de préférence de 0,2 % en volume au maximum, au-dessus de la concentration en oxygène qui correspond à la concentration de fonctionnement.
  11. Installation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10,
    dans laquelle le système de séparation de gaz est susceptible de fonctionner en outre dans un troisième mode de fonctionnement dans lequel - par comparaison au premier mode de fonctionnement - la quantité d'un mélange gazeux réduit en oxygène fournie à la sortie en continu par unité de temps - par rapport à une valeur de référence d'une concentration en oxygène restante - est réduite, et dans le premier mode de fonctionnement la puissance spécifique du système de séparation de gaz est différente, en particulier supérieure à la puissance spécifique du système de séparation de gaz dans le troisième mode de fonctionnement,
    et/ou le système de séparation de gaz est susceptible de fonctionner dans un troisième mode de fonctionnement en particulier lorsque la concentration en oxygène dans la zone enfermée - en particulier en raison d'un taux de renouvellement d'air réduit dans la valeur temporelle moyenne - passe au-dessous d'une valeur limite inférieure fixée ou fixable auparavant,
    la valeur limite inférieure fixable auparavant de la concentration en oxygène correspond de préférence à une concentration en oxygène qui est égale ou supérieure à la concentration en oxygène qui correspond à la concentration limite inférieure fixée ou fixable auparavant.
  12. Installation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11,
    dans laquelle la concentration de fonctionnement fixée auparavant correspond à la concentration de conception ; et/ou la concentration limite inférieure fixée ou fixable auparavant est au-dessous de la teneur en oxygène correspondant à la concentration de fonctionnement fixée auparavant, à 3 % en volume au maximum d'oxygène et de préférence à 0,5 % en volume d'oxygène au maximum ; et/ou le système de séparation de gaz comprend une multitude de générateurs d'azote susceptibles de fonctionner parallèlement.
  13. Procédé pour concevoir une installation de réduction d'oxygène pour une zone enfermée, le procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes consistant à :
    i) subdiviser un cycle de temps fixé auparavant en plusieurs périodes temporelles successives ;
    ii) déterminer un taux total moyen de renouvellement d'air de la zone enfermée pour chaque période temporelle ;
    iii) pondérer les taux totaux moyens déterminés de renouvellement d'air en ce qui concerne les durées correspondantes des périodes temporelles associées ; et
    iv) adapter ou choisir un système de séparation de gaz de l'installation de réduction d'oxygène en prenant en compte les taux totaux moyens pondérés de renouvellement d'air de la zone enfermée de telle sorte que lors d'un fonctionnement en continu du système de séparation de gaz dans un premier mode de fonctionnement dans lequel une quantité d'un mélange gazeux réduit en oxygène située à l'intérieur d'une plage fixée ou fixable auparavant est fournie en continu par unité de temps à la sortie du système de séparation de gaz, et la concentration en oxygène dans l'atmosphère ambiante de la zone enfermée se trouve toujours dans une plage comprise entre la concentration de fonctionnement fixée auparavant et une concentration limite inférieure fixée ou fixable auparavant.
EP15175014.8A 2015-07-02 2015-07-02 Installation de réduction d'oxygène et procédé de conception d'une installation de réduction d'oxygène Active EP3111999B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES15175014.8T ES2658472T3 (es) 2015-07-02 2015-07-02 Instalación de reducción de oxígeno y procedimiento para diseñar una instalación de reducción de oxígeno
TR2018/02143T TR201802143T4 (tr) 2015-07-02 2015-07-02 Oksijen azaltma sistemi ve bir oksijen azaltma sisteminin yapılandırılmasına yönelik yöntem.
PL15175014T PL3111999T3 (pl) 2015-07-02 2015-07-02 Urządzenie do redukcji tlenu i sposób projektowania urządzenia do redukcji tlenu
NO15175014A NO3111999T3 (fr) 2015-07-02 2015-07-02
PT151750148T PT3111999T (pt) 2015-07-02 2015-07-02 Instalação de redução de oxigénio e método para conceção de uma instalação de redução de oxigénio
EP15175014.8A EP3111999B1 (fr) 2015-07-02 2015-07-02 Installation de réduction d'oxygène et procédé de conception d'une installation de réduction d'oxygène
US15/738,621 US10456611B2 (en) 2015-07-02 2016-06-20 Oxygen reduction system and method for configuring an oxygen reduction system
CN201680039295.0A CN107847777B (zh) 2015-07-02 2016-06-20 氧气降低系统和用于配置氧气降低系统的方法
RU2018103669A RU2710630C2 (ru) 2015-07-02 2016-06-20 Система снижения кислорода и способ конфигурирования системы снижения кислорода
PCT/EP2016/064148 WO2017001222A1 (fr) 2015-07-02 2016-06-20 Installation pour la réduction de l'oxygène et procédé pour la conception d'une installation pour la réduction de l'oxygène
BR112017028338-7A BR112017028338B1 (pt) 2015-07-02 2016-06-20 Usina de redução de oxigênio e método para configurar uma usina de redução de oxigênio
AU2016288367A AU2016288367B2 (en) 2015-07-02 2016-06-20 Oxygen reduction plant and method for configuring an oxygen reduction plant
MX2017016477A MX379053B (es) 2015-07-02 2016-06-20 Sistema de reduccion de oxigeno y metodo para configurar un sistema de reduccion de oxigeno.
CA2990980A CA2990980C (fr) 2015-07-02 2016-06-20 Systeme de reduction d'oxygene et methode de configuration d'un systeme de reduction d'oxygene
ZA201708465A ZA201708465B (en) 2015-07-02 2017-12-13 Oxygen reduction system and method for configuring an oxygen reduction system

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EP15175014.8A EP3111999B1 (fr) 2015-07-02 2015-07-02 Installation de réduction d'oxygène et procédé de conception d'une installation de réduction d'oxygène

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CA (1) CA2990980C (fr)
ES (1) ES2658472T3 (fr)
MX (1) MX379053B (fr)
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PL (1) PL3111999T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT3111999T (fr)
RU (1) RU2710630C2 (fr)
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NO345647B1 (en) * 2019-09-25 2021-05-25 Autostore Tech As Gas isolated storage system
CN113654728B (zh) * 2021-07-16 2023-09-01 汕头大学 一种基于坐标转换的负压波信号拐点定位方法及系统
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PL1683548T3 (pl) * 2005-01-21 2013-04-30 Amrona Ag Sposób inertyzacji w celu przeciwdziałania pożarom
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PL2724754T3 (pl) * 2012-10-29 2017-07-31 Amrona Ag Sposób i urządzenie do oznaczania i/lub monitorowania szczelności powietrznej w zamkniętej przestrzeni
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ZA201708465B (en) 2019-11-27
RU2018103669A (ru) 2019-08-06
BR112017028338B1 (pt) 2021-11-16
WO2017001222A1 (fr) 2017-01-05
AU2016288367A1 (en) 2018-02-08
EP3111999A1 (fr) 2017-01-04
NO3111999T3 (fr) 2018-05-05
BR112017028338A2 (pt) 2018-09-04
ES2658472T3 (es) 2018-03-12
US10456611B2 (en) 2019-10-29
CN107847777B (zh) 2020-05-22
CN107847777A (zh) 2018-03-27
CA2990980C (fr) 2023-07-04
US20180185684A1 (en) 2018-07-05
RU2710630C2 (ru) 2019-12-30
AU2016288367B2 (en) 2020-12-03
RU2018103669A3 (fr) 2019-09-20
MX379053B (es) 2025-03-10
PT3111999T (pt) 2018-02-14
TR201802143T4 (tr) 2018-03-21
CA2990980A1 (fr) 2017-01-05
PL3111999T3 (pl) 2018-05-30
MX2017016477A (es) 2018-05-17

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