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EP3194538B1 - Utilisation de modifiants de viscosité dispersants à fonctionnalité amine - Google Patents

Utilisation de modifiants de viscosité dispersants à fonctionnalité amine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3194538B1
EP3194538B1 EP15778420.8A EP15778420A EP3194538B1 EP 3194538 B1 EP3194538 B1 EP 3194538B1 EP 15778420 A EP15778420 A EP 15778420A EP 3194538 B1 EP3194538 B1 EP 3194538B1
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Prior art keywords
oil
viscosity modifier
dispersant
lubricating
group
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3194538A1 (fr
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Adam Preston
Yanshi Zhang
Sona S. SLOCUM
Matthew D. Gieselman
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Lubrizol Corp
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Lubrizol Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M149/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M149/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
    • C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M149/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M149/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M149/14—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds a condensation reaction being involved
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M157/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M157/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M157/02 - C10M157/08
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/022—Ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
    • C10N2040/253—Small diesel engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of a dispersant viscosity modifier as described herein to improve the film thickness and/or antiwear performance of an engine lubricating composition.
  • Lubricating oil compositions desirably maintain a relatively stable viscosity over a wide range of temperatures.
  • Viscosity modifiers are often used to reduce the extent of the decrease in viscosity as the temperature is raised or to reduce the extent of the increase in viscosity as the temperature is lowered, or both.
  • a viscosity modifier ameliorates the change of viscosity of an oil containing it with changes in temperature. The fluidity characteristics of the oil are thereby improved.
  • DVMs dispersant viscosity modifiers
  • ethylene-propylene copolymers that have been grafted with maleic anhydride and reacted with various amines have shown desirable performance to prevent oil thickening in diesel engines.
  • these materials can sometimes provide poor antiwear protection, especially in high soot conditions, leading to increased wear, particularly of seals, for example on the valve train and/or various parts of the crankcase, and expose the components to corrosion.
  • U.S. Pub. No. 2013/0303418 published November 14, 2013, entitled HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYMERS AS VISCOSITY MODIFIERS, by FALENDER, et al. , discloses a lubricating composition which comprises a base oil and between 10 ppm and 1000 ppm by mass of a viscosity modifier, the viscosity modifier comprising an olefin copolymer.
  • a viscosity modifier comprising an olefin copolymer.
  • additional monomers is anticipated to allow the inventive polymer to have the properties of dispersants, antioxidants, pour point depressants and other additive chemistry.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,433,757 issued July 18, 1995, entitled ETHYLENE ALPHA-OLEFIN POLYMER SUBSTITUTED MONO- AND DICARBOXYLIC ACID DISPERSANT ADDITIVES, by Song, et al. , discloses an oil-soluble fuel and lubricating oil additive comprising at least one terminally unsaturated ethylene alpha-olefin polymer of 300 to 20,000 number average molecular weight substituted with mono- or dicarboxylic acid producing moieties and can also be reacted with a nucleophilic reagent, such as amines, alcohols, amino alcohols and reactive metal compounds, to form products which are also useful fuel and lubricating oil additives.
  • a nucleophilic reagent such as amines, alcohols, amino alcohols and reactive metal compounds
  • PCT Pub. WO 2011/146692 published November 24, 2011 , discloses a lubricating composition containing a copolymer including units derived from an ⁇ -olefin and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivatives thereof, esterified and amidated with an alcohol and an aromatic amine.
  • WO 2014/047017 published March 27, 2014, to The Lubrizol Corp. , entitled LUBRICANT COMPRISING A MIXTURE OF AN OLEFIN-ESTER COPOLYMER WITH AN ETHYLENE ALPHA-OLEFIN COPOLYMER, discloses a lubricant composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and an esterified copolymer with a backbone containing units derived from an alpha-olefin monomer of at least 6 carbon atoms and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof, optionally containing nitrogen functionality; and an ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer comprising greater than 5 weight percent ethylene monomer units.
  • the nitrogen functionality may be derived from reaction with an amine, such as morpholines, imidazolinones, aminoamides, ⁇ -alanine alkyl esters, aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, aliphatic polyamines, and aromatic polyamines.
  • an amine such as morpholines, imidazolinones, aminoamides, ⁇ -alanine alkyl esters, aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, aliphatic polyamines, and aromatic polyamines.
  • the copolymer may include nitrogen functionality derived from reaction with an amine selected from morpholines, imidazolinones, aminoamides, ⁇ -alanine alkyl esters, aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, aliphatic polyamines, and aromatic polyamines, and mixtures thereof.
  • US 2014/0024567 A1 discloses the use of dispersant viscosity modifiers which are ethylene-propylene copolymers grafted with aryloxy-alkylene amines to improve friction and anti-wear performance of a lubricating oil composition.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a dispersant viscosity modifier to improve film thickness and/or antiwear performance of an engine lubricating composition, wherein the lubricating compositioncomprises: an oil of lubricating viscosity; and at least 0.05 wt.
  • an oil-soluble dispersant viscosity modifier comprising an olefin-based polymer backbone; the olefin-based polymer backbone comprising an ethylene-propylene copolymer and units derived from an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, and at least one pendent group derived from aminoethyl ethylene urea, wherein each of the at least one pendent groups is independently attached to the olefin-based polymer backbone by succinimide linkage through a linking unit derived from maleic anhydride; and wherein each of the at least one pendent groups is non-ionic, non-basic, and non-acidic,
  • the dispersant viscosity modifier has improved performance in engine tests, providing a good viscosity index, good soot dispersion and/or toleration properties, while also providing good antiwear protection and/or corrosion resistance.
  • the lubricating composition finds particular application as an engine oil for passenger vehicles and heavy duty diesel vehicles.
  • additives present in the lubricating composition disclosed herein are expressed on an oil free basis, i.e., amount of actives, unless otherwise noted.
  • the aminated dispersant viscosity modifier is a material that provides viscosity modifier performance in a lubricating composition while also providing dispersant functionality.
  • the aminated dispersant viscosity modifier enables the lubricating composition to provide at least one of antiwear performance, friction modification (particularly for enhancing fuel economy), extreme pressure performance, antioxidant performance, lead, tin or copper (typically lead) corrosion inhibition, decreased corrosiveness towards acrylate or fluoroelastomer seals, or seal swell performance. In particular, reduced corrosion and seals degradation may be obtained.
  • the dispersant viscosity modifier may provide additional and or other benefits to a lubricating composition.
  • oil soluble it is meant that the dispersion viscosity modifier is soluble in oil at least to the amounts described herein for desirable for serving its intended purpose.
  • the dispersant viscosity modifier of the present invention is an oil-soluble polymer, which includes an olefin-based polymer backbone and one or more pendent groups each independently attached to the olefin-based polymer.
  • the pendent groups are derived from a functionalized aliphatic amine.
  • Each of the pendent groups is attached to the polymer chain by a succinimide linkage through a linking unit derived from an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer or derivative thereof. These linking units may be grafted onto the olefin-based polymer or form a part of the polymer backbone. The linking group thus links the pendent group to the olefin-based polymer.
  • Each linking group may be derived from a dicarboxylic acid, such as maleic anhydride.
  • aminated dispersant viscosity modifier can be represented by a molecule of the general formula (I): P-(X-Y) x (I),
  • P represents the olefin-based polymer
  • X represents the linking group
  • Y represents the pendent group derived from the functionalized aliphatic amine
  • x is at least 1, such as from 1 to 20, or 1 to 10, or 1 to 8, e.g., at least 2.
  • a ratio by weight of linking groups X to the polymer backbone P in the dispersant viscosity modifier may be at least 1:100, or at least 2:100, such as at least 3:100, and in some embodiments, is up to up to 20:100 or up to 10:100.
  • P is an ethylene-propylene copolymer.
  • the viscosity modifier of Formula (I) may be represented by Formula (II) or (III): -[[(CH 2 ) m -CHR-CH 2 ] n-p -[(CH 2 ) m -CR(X-Y)-CH 2]p ] q - (II) -[[(CH 2 ) m -CHR-CH 2 ] n -[X(Y)] p ] q - (III)
  • Formula (II) represents a viscosity modifier in which the linking group X is grafted onto the polymer backbone P, which can be of the general form [(CH 2 ) m -CHR-CH 2 ] n prior to grafting.
  • Formula (III) represents a viscosity modifier in which the linking group X is integral with the polymer backbone P.
  • linking groups X may be linked to a pendent group Y, although in one embodiment, a majority (at least 50%), or substantially all (at least 80%, or at least 90%, or at least 95%), or all of the linking groups X are linked to a respective pendent group Y.
  • a ratio of n:p (number of ethylene olefin units : number of pendent groups Y) in the molecules of Formulas (II) and (III) is at least 2:1, or at least 5:1, or at least 10:1, and in some embodiments, is up to 10,000:1, or up to 1000:1, or up to 100:1.
  • the functionalized aliphatic amine includes a primary amino group capable of reacting with the linking units derived from the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof of the backbone to form a succinimide.
  • Each pendent group Y derived from the functionalized aliphatic amine is non-ionic, non-basic, and non-acidic.
  • aliphatic it is meant that the functionalized aliphatic amine, and the pendent group Y derived therefrom, has no aromatic groups as part of the functionalized aliphatic amine or pendent group or which are linked directly or indirectly to the pendent group.
  • non-ionic it is meant that the bonds within the pendent group are all covalent.
  • non-basic it is meant that the pendent groups themselves have substantially no basic character, resulting in a dispersant viscosity modifier having a low total base number (TBN).
  • TBN is a measure of a lubricant's reserve alkalinity. It is measured in milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram (mg KOH/g). TBN is determined according to the method described in ASTM D2896-11, “Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2003, DOI: 10.1520/D2896-11.
  • the TBN of the dispersant viscosity modifier may be less than 5, or less than 3.
  • the TBN may be at or very close to zero when there are no basic nitrogen atoms remaining after reaction of the amine head group with the polymer backbone.
  • the dispersant viscosity modifier composition may have a slight basic character.
  • the TBN of the final lubricating composition can be adjusted, using other additives, to a desired level for optimum performance.
  • the dispersant viscosity modifier may have a higher TBN, such as over 10, e.g., up to 20, or up to 15, on an oil-free basis, such as when there is a basic nitrogen atom remaining after reaction of the amine head group with the polymer backbone.
  • a dispersant viscosity modifier with a low TBN is particularly effective.
  • non-acidic it is meant that the pendent groups themselves have substantially no acidic character, i.e., substantially no acidic protons, resulting in a dispersant viscosity modifier having a low total acid number (TAN), by which it is meant a TAN of less than 10, or less than 5, or less than 3, or less than 1, on an oil free basis.
  • TAN total acid number
  • the dispersant viscosity modifier may have a higher TAN, such as over 15, e.g., up to 25, or up to 20, on an oil-free basis, such as when there is an acidic carboxylic acid group remaining after reaction of the amine head group with the polymer backbone.
  • a dispersant viscosity modifier with a low TAN is particularly effective.
  • the functionalized aliphatic amine and the pendent group Y derived therefrom include at least one functional group which includes at least one heteroatom other than nitrogen.
  • Such heteroatoms include oxygen and sulfur.
  • the functional group includes oxygen as the heteroatom.
  • Suitable functional groups that include oxygen include hydroxyl, ester, ether, urea and amide functional groups.
  • the functional group is a terminal group and is not further reacted so that it remains available in the lubricating composition to help to provide the useful properties of the dispersion viscosity modifier.
  • the functionalized aliphatic amine is a monoamine, i.e., has only one amino group.
  • any nitrogens in the functionalized aliphatic amine that are not part of the amino group are not ionized (do not have a counterion), i.e., are three coordinate.
  • the pendent groups, and the dispersion viscosity modifier as a whole, can thus be free of quaternary ammonium ions (NH 4 + ) and similarly free of quaternary phosphonium ions.
  • the functional group may be spaced from a nitrogen derived from the functionalized aliphatic amine by a C 4 -C 24 hydrocarbyl group.
  • Exemplary hydroxyl alkyl amines useful for forming pendent group Y include those which have at least one hydroxyl group (-OH), such as a primary hydroxyl group (-CH 2 -OH) or secondary hydroxyl group (>CH-OH), and at least one primary amino group (-NH 2 ).
  • Suitable alkanolamines are those having the formula: where R 1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 or 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which forms an alcohol functionalized succinimide on reaction with the units derived from the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof of the backbone.
  • alkanolamines examples include ethanolamine, 3-aminopropan-1-ol, 4-aminobutan-1-ol, 5-aminopentan-1-ol, 6-aminohexan-1-ol, 7-aminoheptan-1-ol, 8-aminooctan-1-ol, 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol, 3-amino-2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-and 1,3-propanediamine.
  • the hydroxyl alkyl amine is a monoamine.
  • the hydroxyl alkyl amine is a secondary amine, such as 2-aminopropan-1-ol, 2-aminobutan-1-ol, 3-aminobutan-1-ol, 2-aminopentan-1-ol, 2-aminohexan-1ol, 2-aminoheptan-1-ol, or 2-aminooctan-1-ol.
  • Exemplary aminoalkyl esters useful for forming pendent group Y include those which have at least one carboxyl group (R-COO), and at least one primary amino group (-NH 2 ).
  • Suitable aminoalkyl esters are those having the formula: where R 2 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 or 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R 3 is an alkylene group having 1 to 20 or 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which forms an unsaturated ester-functional succinimide on reaction with the units derived from the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof of the backbone.
  • aminoalkyl esters useful for forming pendent group Y include methyl 2-aminoacetate, ethyl 2-aminoacetate, propyl 2-aminoacetate, butyl 2-aminoacetate, methyl 3-aminopropionate, 3-ethoxypropylamine, 3-propoxypropylamine, 3-butoxypropylamine, methyl 4-aminobutanoate, 4-ethoxybutylamine, 4-propoxybutylamine, 4-butoxybutylamine, methyl 5-aminopentanoate, ethyl 5-aminopentanoate, propyl 5-aminopentanoate, butyl 5-aminopentanoate, methyl 6-aminohexanoate, ethyl 6-aminohexanoate, propyl 6-aminohexanoate, and butyl 6-aminopropionate.
  • Exemplary aminoalkyl ethers useful for forming pendent group Y include those which have at least one carbonyl group (R-CO-), and at least one primary amino group (-NH 2 ).
  • Suitable aminoalkyl ethers are those having the formula: where R 4 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 or 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R 5 is an alkylene group having 1 to 20 or 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which forms an unsaturated ether-functional succinimide on reaction with the units derived from the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof of the backbone.
  • aminoalkyl ethers examples include 2-methoxyethylamine, 2-ethoxyethylamine, 2-propoxyethylamine, and 2-butoxyethylamine.
  • Suitable aminoalkyl ureas useful for forming pendent group Y are those having the formula: where R 6 is an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 or 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R 7 is an alkylene group having 1 to 20 or 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which forms an unsaturated urea-functional succinimide on reaction with the units derived from the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof of the backbone.
  • aminoalkyl ureas examples include aminoethyl ethylene urea, aminoethyl propylene urea, aminopropyl ethylene urea, and aminopropyl propylene urea.
  • Suitable aminoalkyl amides are those having the formula: where R 8 and R 9 are independently H or an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 or 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R 10 is an alkylene group having 1 to 20 or 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which forms an unsaturated amide-functional succinimide on reaction with the units derived from the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof of the backbone. In one embodiment, at least one of R 8 and R 9 is H.
  • the aminated dispersant viscosity modifier includes from 1 to 50 of the described pendent group Y, or from 1 to 30, or from 1 to 20, or 1 to 10, or from 1 to 6, or 1 to 4, per molecule of the dispersant viscosity modifier, on average. In some embodiments, the aminated dispersant viscosity modifier includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 pendent group Y, on average.
  • the exemplary linking groups X are acylating groups, each independently attached or part of the polymer's backbone.
  • the linking group X is derived from an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, such as a dicarboxylic acid, or functional equivalent thereof.
  • the linking group X is derived from maleic anhydride.
  • the unsaturated carboxylic reactant is grafted on to the olefin-based polymer backbone and the functionalized aliphatic amine is reacted with the unsaturated carboxylic reactant group containing olefin-based polymer backbone.
  • the unsaturated carboxylic reactant is present in the olefin-based polymer backbone and the functionalized aliphatic amine is reacted with the unsaturated carboxylic reactant group containing olefin-based polymer backbone.
  • the polymer backbone P employed in the aminated dispersant viscosity modifier is an ethylene propylene copolymer that can be modified with a carboxylic acid functionality or a reactive equivalent of the carboxylic acid functionality (e.g., anhydride or ester) that serves as the linking group described above.
  • Suitable olefin-based polymer backbones P are copolymers of ethylene and propylene that can be subsequently supplied with grafted carboxylic functionality to serve as the linking group or have carboxylic functionality in the backbone itself (such as an ethylene-propylene-co-maleimide).
  • the ethylene-propylene copolymer is a copolymer where ethylene makes up at least 10 % of the monomer used to prepare the copolymer on a molar basis, or at least 20 mole %, or at least 50 mole %.
  • Ethylene-propylene copolymers may consist of 15 to 80 mole % ethylene and 20 to 85 mole % propylene. In some embodiments, the mole ratio is 30 to 80 mole % ethylene and 20 to 70 mole % of at least one C 3 alphamonoolefin, for example, 50 to 80 mole % ethylene and 20 to 50 mole % propylene.
  • the polymer backbone e.g., the ethylene-propylene copolymer
  • the polymer backbone can be an oil-soluble, substantially linear, rubbery material.
  • the polymer can be in forms other than substantially linear, that is, it can be a branched polymer or a star polymer.
  • the polymer can also be a random copolymer or a block copolymer, including diblocks and higher blocks, including tapered blocks and a variety of other structures.
  • the polymer backbone (olefin-based polymer) may have a number average molecular weight Mn (measured by gel permeation chromatography, using a polystyrene standard), which can be up to 150,000 or higher, e.g., at least 1,000 or at least 3,000 or at least 5,000, such as up to 150,000 or up to 120,000, or up to 100,000, or up to 50,000, or up to 15,000, e.g., about 3,000 to about 15,000.
  • Mn number average molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography, using a polystyrene standard
  • the aminated dispersant viscosity modifier may have a number average molecular weight Mn (by gel permeation chromatography, polystyrene standard), which can be up to 150,000 or higher, e.g., at least 2,000 or at least 3,000 or at least 5,000, such as up to 150,000 or up to 120,000, or up to 100,000, or up to 50,000, or up to 18,000, e.g., about 4,000 to about 16,000.
  • Mn number average molecular weight
  • polymer is used generically to encompass homopolymers, such as ethylene or higher alpha monoolefin polymers, copolymers, terpolymers and/or interpolymers. These materials may contain minor amounts of other olefinic monomers so long as their basic characteristics are not materially changed.
  • the aminated dispersant viscosity modifier is formed by reacting a carboxylic acid-modified polymer backbone with a functionalized aliphatic amine.
  • the unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer used to form the linking group X may be derived from maleic acid and/or anhydride.
  • this portion of the linking group may be incorporated and/or attached to the polymer backbone during the polymerization of the polymer backbone, for example, by mixing a monomer containing the linking group in with the other monomers used to prepare the polymer backbone.
  • this part of the linking group may be added by grafting the group onto an already prepared polymer backbone.
  • the unsaturated carboxylic acid used to form the linking group is contained within a monomer copolymerized within the polymer backbone chain.
  • the unsaturated carboxylic reactant may be present as a pendent group attached by, for example, a grafting process.
  • suitable carboxylic-acid containing polymers which are representative of the polymer backbone described above with carboxylic reactant portion of the liking group attached, include maleic anhydride-ethylene-propylene copolymers, maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers, including partially esterified versions thereof, and copolymers thereof.
  • Nitrogen-containing esterified carboxyl-containing interpolymers prepared from maleic anhydride and styrene-containing polymers are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,544,935 to Vargo, et al .
  • Other polymer backbones which are used for preparing dispersants may also be used. For example, polymers derived from isobutylene and isoprene are described in U.S.
  • suitable polymer backbones include substantially hydrogenated copolymers of vinyl aromatic materials such as styrene and unsaturated hydrocarbons such as conjugated dienes, e.g., butadiene or isoprene. In substantially hydrogenated polymers of this type, the olefinic unsaturation is typically substantially completely hydrogenated by known methods, but the aromatic unsaturation may remain. Such polymers can include random copolymers, block copolymers, or star copolymers. Yet other suitable backbone polymers include styreneethylene-alpha olefin polymers, as described in PCT publication WO 2001/030947 , and polyacrylates or polymethacrylates.
  • the (meth)acrylate monomers within the polymer chain itself may serve as the carboxylic acid functionality or reactive equivalent thereof which is used to react with the amine functionality which provides the linker unit X.
  • additional acid functionality may be copolymerized into the (meth)acrylate chain or even grafted onto it, particularly in the case of acrylate polymers.
  • the polymer backbone is prepared from ethylene and propylene, which may then be grafted with a suitable carboxylic acid-containing monomer, to serve as the linking group X.
  • the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer may be grafted onto the polymer backbone in a number of ways, such that a resulting polymer intermediate with linking groups X is characterized by having carboxylic acid acylating functions within its structure.
  • Such materials which are attached to the polymer typically contain at least one ethylenic bond (prior to reaction) and at least one, or at least two, carboxylic acid (or its anhydride) groups or a polar group which is convertible into the carboxyl groups by oxidation or hydrolysis.
  • Maleic anhydride or an alkyl-substituted derivative thereof is suitable for forming the linking groups.
  • carboxylic acid functionalities It grafts onto the ethylene-propylene copolymer to give two carboxylic acid functionalities.
  • additional unsaturated carboxylic materials include chlormaleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, and the corresponding dicarboxylic acids, such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, acrylic acid, cinnamic acid, and their esters.
  • Example intermediate polymers of this type are available from Mitsui under the tradename Lucant TM , such as Lucant TM A-5320H polymer.
  • the polymer intermediate may then be reacted with the functionalized aliphatic amine to provide the dispersant viscosity modifier.
  • the pendent groups may be functionalized after reaction of an amine with the linking group.
  • the reaction can be carried out in a suitable vehicle, such as a diluent oil and/or toluene, at a sufficient temperature, such as at least 90°C or at least 100°C, but below the decomposition temperature of the product.
  • a suitable vehicle such as a diluent oil and/or toluene
  • the aminated dispersant viscosity modifier is present in the lubricating composition at a concentration of at least 0.05 weight %. In further embodiments the aminated dispersant viscosity modifier may be present in the lubricating composition at a concentration of at least 0.1 weight %, or at least 0.2 weight %, or at least 0.5 weight %. The aminated dispersant viscosity modifier may be present in the lubricating composition at a concentration of up to 10 weight %, such as up to 5 weight %, or up to 3 weight %, or up to 2.3 weight %.
  • HLB values reported herein are determined by the Griffin Method (see Griffin, William C. (1949), “Classification of Surface-Active Agents by 'HLB′′′, Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists 1 (5): 311-26 and Griffin, William C. (1954), "Calculation of HLB Values of Non-lonic Surfactants", Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists 5 (4): 249-56
  • HLB 20*M h /M, where M h is the molecular mass of the hydrophilic portion of the molecule and M is the molecular mass of the whole molecule. This method covers a range from 0-20.
  • the aminated dispersant viscosity modifier may have an HLB value according to the Griffin method, of at least 2, or at least 2.5, or at least 3, and can be up to 4.5 or up to 4 for polymer backbones prepared with an average of 3.5 maleic anhydride groups per chain.
  • HLB range can be up to about 6.0.
  • a dispersant viscosity modifier with an ethylene propylene backbone having about 240 CH 2 /CH/CH 3 groups has a molecular mass of approximately 3525, as determined by vapor phase osmometry (VPO).
  • VPO vapor phase osmometry
  • each polymer backbone chain has, on average, 3.5 sites which can be functionalized with the functionalized aliphatic amine.
  • 3-aminopropanol or aminoethyl ethylene urea for example this provides a head group of the form: or
  • the HLB for the dispersant viscosity modifier composed of an ethylene-propylene copolymer with aminoethyl ethylene urea pendent groups can be computed as 3.5.
  • the entire head group is considered as the hydrophilic portion, even though it contains some hydrocarbon portions.
  • the lubricating composition includes an oil of lubricating viscosity.
  • Suitable oils include both natural and synthetic oils, oil derived from hydrocracking, hydrogenation, and hydrofinishing, unrefined, refined, re-refined oils or mixtures thereof.
  • Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source generally without (or with little) further purification treatment.
  • Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties.
  • Purification techniques include solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation and the like.
  • Re-refined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils, and are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils and often are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.
  • Natural oils useful in making the inventive lubricants include animal oils, vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil), mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types and oils derived from coal or shale or mixtures thereof.
  • animal oils e.g., castor oil
  • mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types and oils derived from coal or shale or mixtures thereof.
  • Synthetic lubricating oils are useful and include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized, oligomerized, or interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propyleneisobutylene copolymers); poly(1-hexenes), poly(1-octenes), trimers or oligomers of 1-decene, e.g., poly(1-decenes), such materials being often referred to as poly ⁇ -olefins, and mixtures thereof; alkylbenzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)-benzenes); polyphenyls (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls); diphenyl alkanes, alkylated diphenyl alkan
  • oils include polyol esters (such as Priolube ® 3970), diesters, liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids (e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and the diethyl ester of decane phosphonic acid), or polymeric tetrahydrofurans.
  • Synthetic oils may be produced by Fischer-Tropsch reactions and typically may be hydroisomerized Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons or waxes. In one embodiment, oils may be prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch gas-to-liquid synthetic procedure as well as other gas-to-liquid oils.
  • the base oil may be selected from any of the base oils in Groups I-V of the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines, namely Base Oil Category Sulfur (%) Saturates(%) Viscosity Index Group I >0.03 and/or ⁇ 90 80 to 120 Group II ⁇ 0.03 and ⁇ 90 80 to 120 Group III ⁇ 0.03 and ⁇ 90 >120 Group IV All polyalphaolefins (PAOs) Group V All others not included in Groups I, II, III or IV
  • Oils of lubricating viscosity are mineral oil base stocks. Oils of lubricating viscosity may also be defined as specified in April 2008 version of "Appendix E - API Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines for Passenger Car Motor Oils and Diesel Engine Oils", section 1.3 Sub-heading 1.3. "Base Stock Categories.” In one embodiment, the oil of lubricating viscosity may be an API Group II or Group III oil. In one embodiment, the oil of lubricating viscosity may be an API Group I oil.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity may have a kinematic viscosity of less than 15 mm 2 /s (cSt) at 100 °C, and in other embodiments 1-12 or 2-10 or 3-8 or 4-6 mm 2 /s.
  • Kinematic viscosity is determined by ASTM D445 - 12, "Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, DOl: 10.1520/D0445-12.
  • the dispersant viscosity modifier may have a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C of at least 35 mm 2 /s, or at least 100 mm 2 /s, or at least 500 mm 2 /s.
  • the amount of the oil of lubricating viscosity present is typically the balance remaining after subtracting from 100 wt % the sum of the amount of the aminated dispersant viscosity modifier and the other performance additives.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity may be present in the lubricating composition at a concentration of at least 10 wt %, or at least 20 wt %, or at least 40 wt %, or at least 80 wt %, and may be up to 99 wt %, or up to 95 wt %, or up to 90 wt %.
  • the lubricating composition may be in the form of a concentrate and/or a fully formulated lubricant. If the lubricating composition (comprising the additives disclosed herein) is in the form of a concentrate which may be combined with additional oil to form, in whole or in part, a finished lubricant), the ratio of these additives to the oil of lubricating viscosity and/or to diluent oil include the ranges of 1:99 to 99:1 by weight, or 80:20 to 10:90 by weight.
  • the lubricating composition (comprising the additives disclosed herein) is in the form of a finished lubricant
  • the ratio of these additives to the oil of lubricating viscosity and/or to diluent oil include the ranges of 1:99.9 to 50:50 by weight, or 1:99 to 30:70 by weight.
  • the lubricating composition optionally includes one or more additional performance additives.
  • additional performance additives may include one or more metal deactivators, viscosity modifiers, detergents, friction modifiers, antiwear agents, corrosion inhibitors, dispersants, dispersant viscosity modifiers (other than the exemplary compound), extreme pressure agents, antioxidants, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, pour point depressants, seal swelling agents, antiwear agents, and any combination or mixture thereof.
  • fullyformulated lubricating oil will contain one or more of these performance additives, and often a package of multiple performance additives.
  • the lubricating composition further includes a dispersant, an antiwear agent, a friction modifier, a viscosity modifier, an antioxidant, an overbased detergent, or a combination thereof, where each of the additives listed may be a mixture of two or more of that type of additive.
  • the lubricating composition further includes a polyisobutylene succinimide dispersant, an antiwear agent, a friction modifier, a viscosity modifier (typically an olefin copolymer such as an ethylene-propylene copolymer), an antioxidant (including phenolic and aminic antioxidants), an overbased detergent (including overbased sulfonates and phenates), or a combination thereof, where each of the additives listed may be a mixture of two or more of that type of additive.
  • a polyisobutylene succinimide dispersant typically an antiwear agent, a friction modifier, a viscosity modifier (typically an olefin copolymer such as an ethylene-propylene copolymer), an antioxidant (including phenolic and aminic antioxidants), an overbased detergent (including overbased sulfonates and phenates), or a combination thereof, where each of the additives listed may be a mixture of two or more of that type of additive.
  • the lubricating composition further includes an antiwear agent such as a metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate (typically zinc dialkyldithiophosphate), wherein the metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate contributes at least 100 ppm, or at least 200 ppm, or 200 ppm to 1000 ppm, or 300 ppm to 800 ppm, or 400 ppm to 600 ppm of phosphorus to the lubricating composition.
  • the lubricating composition is free of or substantially free of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP).
  • the lubricating composition further includes a dispersant (other than the dispersant viscosity modifier).
  • the dispersant may be present at a concentration of 0 wt % to 20 wt %, such as at least 0.01 wt %, or at least 0.1 wt %, or at least 0.1 wt %, or at least 1 wt %, or up to 20 wt %, or up to 15 wt %, or up to 10 wt %, or up to 6 wt % of the lubricating composition.
  • the dispersant may be present in the composition at a concentration of 0.2 wt % to 2 wt %.
  • Suitable dispersants for use in the exemplary lubricating compositions include succinimide dispersants.
  • the dispersant may be present as a single dispersant.
  • the dispersant may be present as a mixture of two or three different dispersants, wherein at least one may be a succinimide dispersant.
  • the succinimide dispersant may be a derivative of an aliphatic polyamine, or mixtures thereof.
  • the aliphatic polyamine may be aliphatic polyamine such as an ethylenepolyamine, a propylenepolyamine, a butylenepolyamine, or mixtures thereof.
  • the aliphatic polyamine may be ethylenepolyamine.
  • the aliphatic polyamine may be selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, polyamine still bottoms, and mixtures thereof.
  • the dispersant may be a N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimide.
  • N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides include polyisobutylene succinimide.
  • the polyisobutylene from which a polyisobutylene succinic anhydride is derived has a number average molecular weight of 350 to 5000, or 550 to 3000 or 750 to 2500.
  • Succinimide dispersants and their preparation are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • the dispersant may also be post-treated by conventional methods by a reaction with any of a variety of agents.
  • agents include boron compounds, urea, thiourea, dimercaptothiadiazoles, carbon disulfide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, maleic anhydride, nitriles, epoxides, and phosphorus compounds.
  • the lubricating composition further includes a dispersant viscosity modifier other than the aminated dispersant viscosity modifier described herein.
  • the additional dispersant viscosity modifier may be present at a concentration of 0 wt % to 5 wt %, such as at least 0.01 wt %, or at least 0.05 wt %, or up to 5 wt %, or up to 4 wt %, or up to 2 wt % of the lubricating composition.
  • Suitable dispersant viscosity modifiers include functionalized polyolefins, for example, ethylene-propylene copolymers that have been functionalized with an acylating agent such as maleic anhydride and an amine; polymethacrylates functionalized with an amine, and esterified styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers reacted with an amine.
  • exemplary dispersant viscosity modifiers are disclosed, for example, in WO2006/015130 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,863,623 ; 6,107,257 ; 6,107,258 ; and 6,117,825 .
  • the lubricating composition further includes a phosphorus-containing antiwear agent.
  • the antiwear agent may be present at a concentration of 0 wt % to 3 wt %, such as at least 0.1 wt %, or at least 0.5 wt %, or up to 3 wt %, or up to 1.5 wt %, or up to 0.9 wt % of the lubricating composition.
  • the phosphorus-containing antiwear agent may be a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, or mixture thereof.
  • the lubricating composition further includes a molybdenum compound.
  • the molybdenum compound may provide the lubricating composition with 0 to 1000 ppm, or 5 to 1000 ppm, or 10 to 750 ppm 5 ppm to 300 ppm, or 20 ppm to 250 ppm of molybdenum.
  • the molybdenum compound may be selected from the group consisting of molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphates, molybdenum dithiocarbamates, amine salts of molybdenum compounds, and mixtures thereof.
  • the lubricating composition further includes an overbased detergent.
  • the overbased detergent may be present at 0 wt % to 15 wt %, or at least 0.1 wt %, or at least 0.2 wt %, or at least 0.2 wt %, or up to 15 wt %, or up to 10 wt %, or up to 8 wt %, or up to 3 wt % of the lubricating composition.
  • the detergent may be present at 2 wt % to 3 wt % of the lubricating composition.
  • the detergent may be present at 0.2 wt % to 1 wt % of the lubricating composition.
  • the overbased detergent may be selected from the group consisting of non-sulfur containing phenates, sulfur containing phenates, sulfonates, salixarates, salicylates, and mixtures thereof.
  • the overbased detergent may also include "hybrid" detergents formed with mixed surfactant systems including phenate and/or sulfonate components, e.g., phenate/salicylates, sulfonate/phenates, sulfonate/salicylates, sulfonates/phenates/salicylates, as described; for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,429,178 ; 6,429,179 ; 6,153,565 ; and 6,281,179 .
  • phenate/salicylates e.g., phenate/salicylates, sulfonate/phenates, sulfonate/salicylates, as described; for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,429,178 ; 6,429,179 ; 6,153,565 ; and 6,281,179 .
  • the hybrid detergent can be considered equivalent to amounts of distinct phenate and sulfonate detergents introducing like amounts of phenate and sulfonate soaps, respectively.
  • Suitable overbased detergents are sodium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts, or mixtures of the phenates, sulfur containing phenates, sulfonates, salixarates and salicylates.
  • Overbased phenates and salicylates may have a total base number of 180 to 450 TBN.
  • Overbased sulfonates may have a total base number of 250 to 600, or 300 to 500.
  • the sulfonate detergent may be predominantly a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate detergent having a metal ratio of at least 8, as described, for example, in U.S. Pub. No. 20050065045 .
  • the linear alkylbenzene sulfonate detergent may be particularly useful for assisting in improving fuel economy.
  • the linear alkyl group may be attached to the benzene ring anywhere along the linear chain of the alkyl group, but often in the 2, 3, or 4 position of the linear chain, and in some instances, predominantly in the 2 position, resulting in the linear alkylbenzene sulfonate detergent.
  • the lubricating composition includes an antioxidant, or mixture of antioxidants.
  • the antioxidant may be present at 0 wt % to 15 wt 5, or 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %, or 0.5 wt % to 5 wt % of the lubricating composition.
  • Antioxidants include sulfurized olefins, alkylated diarylamines (typically alkylated phenyl naphthyl amines for example those commercially available as Irganox ® L 06 from CIBA, or alkylated diphenylamines such as dinonyl diphenylamine, octyl diphenylamine, dioctyl diphenylamine), hindered phenols, molybdenum compounds (such as molybdenum dithiocarbamates), or mixtures thereof.
  • alkylated diarylamines typically alkylated phenyl naphthyl amines for example those commercially available as Irganox ® L 06 from CIBA
  • alkylated diphenylamines such as dinonyl diphenylamine, octyl diphenylamine, dioctyl diphenylamine
  • hindered phenols such as molybdenum dithioc
  • the hindered phenol antioxidant often contains a secondary butyl and/or a tertiary butyl group as a sterically hindering group.
  • the phenol group may be further substituted with a hydrocarbyl group (typically linear or branched alkyl) and/or a bridging group linking to a second aromatic group.
  • hindered phenol antioxidants examples include 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-ethyl-2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol, 4-propyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol or 4-butyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, or 4-dodecyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol.
  • the hindered phenol antioxidant may be an ester and may include, e.g., Irganox TM L-135 from Ciba.
  • suitable ester-containing hindered phenol antioxidant chemistry is found in U.S. Patent 6,559,105 .
  • the lubricating composition further includes a friction modifier.
  • the friction modifier may be present at 0 wt % to 6 wt %, such as at least 0.05 wt %, or at least 0.1 wt %, or up to 6 wt %, or up to 4 wt %, or up to 2 wt % of the lubricating composition. In one embodiment, the friction modifier is present in the composition at 0.1 to 1.0 wt %.
  • friction modifiers include long chain fatty acid derivatives of amines, fatty esters, or epoxides; fatty imidazolines such as condensation products of carboxylic acids and polyalkylene-polyamines; amine salts of alkylphosphoric acids; fatty alkyl tartrates; fatty alkyl tartrimides; or fatty alkyl tartramides.
  • fatty as used herein, can mean having a C 8 to C 22 linear alkyl group.
  • Friction modifiers may also encompass materials such as sulfurized fatty compounds and olefins, molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphates, molybdenum dithiocarbamates, sunflower oil or monoester of a polyol and an aliphatic carboxylic acid.
  • the friction modifier may be selected from the group consisting of long chain fatty acid derivatives of amines, long chain fatty esters, or long chain fatty epoxides; fatty imidazolines; amine salts of alkylphosphoric acids; fatty alkyl tartrates; fatty alkyl tartrimides; and fatty alkyl tartramides.
  • the friction modifier may be a long chain fatty acid ester.
  • the long chain fatty acid ester may be a monoester or a diester or a mixture thereof, and in another embodiment the long chain fatty acid ester may be a triglyceride.
  • corrosion inhibitors include those described in U.S. Pub. No. 20050038319 , octyl octanamide, condensation products of dodecenyl succinic acid or anhydride and a fatty acid such as oleic acid with a polyamine.
  • the corrosion inhibitors include a Synalox ® corrosion inhibitor.
  • the Synalox ® corrosion inhibitor may be a homopolymer or copolymer of propylene oxide.
  • Synalox ® corrosion inhibitors are described in a product brochure, Form No. 118-01453-0702 AMS, entitled "SYNALOX Lubricants, High-Performance Polyglycols for Demanding Applications," published by The Dow Chemical Company.
  • Metal deactivators including derivatives of benzotriazoles (such as tolyltriazole), dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives, 1,2,4-triazoles, benzimidazoles, 2-alkyldithiobenzimidazoles, or 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles; foam inhibitors including copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate and copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate and vinyl acetate; demulsifiers including trialkyl phosphates, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides and (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers; pour point depressants including esters of maleic anhydride-styrene, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates or polyacrylamides may be useful.
  • benzotriazoles such as tolyltriazole
  • dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives 1,2,4-tri
  • Pour point depressants that may be useful in the compositions of the invention include polyalphaolefins, esters of maleic anhydride-styrene, poly(meth)acrylates, polyacrylates or polyacrylamides.
  • the lubricating composition may have a composition as described in Table 1: Table 1: Example Lubricating Compositions Additive Embodiments (wt %) A B C Exemplary Aminated Dispersant Viscosity Modifier 0.05 to 10 0.2 to 3 0.5 to 2 Dispersant 0.05 to 12 0.75 to 8 0.5 to 6 Overbased Detergent 0 or 0.05 to 15 0.1 to 10 0.2 to 8 Antioxidant 0 or 0.05 to 15 0.1 to 10 0.5 to 5 Antiwear Agent 0 or 0.05 to 15 0.1 to 10 0.3 to 5 Friction Modifier 0 or 0.05 to 6 0.05 to 4 0.1 to 2 Viscosity Modifier 0 or 0.05 to 10 0.5 to 8 1 to 6 Any Other Performance Additive 0 or 0.05 to 10 0 or 0.05 to 8 0 or 0.05 to 6 Oil of Lubricating Viscosity Balance to 100 Balance to 100 Balance to 100 Balance to 100
  • the aminated dispersant viscosity modifier may be present in embodiments (D) at 0.1 to 8 wt %, or (E) 1 to 7 wt %, or (F) 2 to 6 wt %, or (G) 0.1 to 2 wt %, or (H) 0.3 to 1.2 wt % of the lubricating composition, with the amount of dispersant, overbased detergent, antioxidant, antiwear agent, friction modifier, viscosity modifier, any other performance additive and an oil of lubricating viscosity in amounts shown in the table above for embodiments (A) to (C).
  • An internal combustion engine may be lubricated by supplying to the internal combustion engine a lubricating composition as disclosed herein.
  • the lubricating composition is added to the lubricating system of the internal combustion engine, which then delivers the lubricating composition to the critical parts of the engine, during its operation, that require lubrication.
  • a use of the dispersant viscosity modifier described herein to improve film thickness and/or antiwear performance of a lubricating composition is provided. These improvements can be considered in addition to the dispersancy and viscosity control performance expected from a dispersant viscosity modifier.
  • the lubricating compositions described above may be utilized in an internal combustion engine.
  • the engine components may have a surface of steel or aluminum (typically a surface of steel), and may also be coated for example, with a diamond like carbon (DLC) coating.
  • An aluminum surface may comprise an aluminum alloy that may be a eutectic or hyper-eutectic aluminum alloy (such as those derived from aluminum silicates, aluminum oxides, or other ceramic materials).
  • the aluminum surface may be present on a cylinder bore, cylinder block, or piston ring formed of an aluminum alloy or aluminum composite.
  • the internal combustion engine may or may not have an Exhaust Gas Recirculation system.
  • the internal combustion engine may be fitted with an emission control system or a turbocharger.
  • Examples of the emission control system include diesel particulate filters (DPF), or systems employing selective catalytic reduction (SCR).
  • the internal combustion engine may be a diesel fuelled engine (such as a heavy duty diesel engine), a gasoline fuelled engine, a natural gas fuelled engine or a mixed gasoline/alcohol fuelled engine.
  • the internal combustion engine may be a diesel fuelled engine and in another embodiment a gasoline fuelled engine.
  • the internal combustion engine may be a biodiesel fuelled engine.
  • the internal combustion engine may be a 2-stroke or 4-stroke engine. Suitable internal combustion engines include marine diesel engines, aviation piston engines, lowload diesel engines, and automobile and truck engines.
  • the internal combustion engine is a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine.
  • GDI gasoline direct injection
  • the internal combustion engine is distinct from gas turbine.
  • gas turbine which may also be referred to as a jet engine
  • gas turbine it is a continuous combustion process that generates a rotational torque continuously without translation and can also develop thrust at the exhaust outlet.
  • the lubricating composition for an internal combustion engine may be suitable for use as an engine lubricant irrespective of the sulfur, phosphorus or sulfated ash (ASTM D-874) content.
  • the sulfur content of the lubricating composition which is particularly suited to use as an engine oil lubricant, may be 1 wt % or less, or 0.8 wt % or less, or 0.5 wt % or less, or 0.3 wt % or less. In one embodiment, the sulfur content may be in the range of 0 wt % to 0.5 wt %, or 0.01 wt % to 0.3 wt %.
  • the phosphorus content may be 0.2 wt % or less, or 0.12 wt % or less, or 0.1 wt % or less, or 0.085 wt % or less, or 0.08 wt % or less, or even 0.06 wt % or less, 0.055 wt % or less, or 0.05 wt % or less.
  • the phosphorus content may be 100 ppm to 1000 ppm, or 200 ppm to 600 ppm.
  • the total sulfated ash content may be 2 wt % or less, or 1.5 wt % or less, or 1.1 wt % or less, or 1 wt % or less, or 0.8 wt % or less, or 0.5 wt % or less, or 0.4 wt % or less.
  • the sulfated ash content may be 0.05 wt % to 0.9 wt %, or 0.1 wt % to 0.2 wt % or to 0.45 wt %.
  • the lubricating composition may be an engine oil, wherein the lubricating composition may be characterized as having at least one of (i) a sulfur content of 0.5 wt % or less, (ii) a phosphorus content of 0.1 wt % or less, (iii) a sulfated ash content of 1.5 wt % or less, or combinations thereof.
  • kinematic viscosity is measured at 100°C (KV 100 ), according to the method of ASTM D445 - 12, "Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, DOI: 10.1520/D0445-12.
  • the viscosity index (VI) is determined according to ASTM D2270-10e1, "Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index From Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C," DOI: 10.1520/D2270-10E01.
  • HTHS High Temperature/High Shear rate
  • ASTM D 4683-10 "Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosity of New and Used Engine Oils at High Shear Rate and High Temperature by Tapered Bearing Simulator Viscometer at 150°C," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, which is also known as the Mini Rotary Viscometer test (MRV).
  • MMV Mini Rotary Viscometer test
  • This test method determines the viscosity of an oil at 150 °C and 1.0,10 6 s -1 using a viscometer having a slightly tapered rotor and stator called the Tapered Bearing Simulator (TBS) Viscometer.
  • TBS Tapered Bearing Simulator
  • Example 1 Preparation of a 3.5% Maleated Ethylene Propylene Aminoethyl Ethylene Urea Dispersant Viscosity Modifier
  • a maleated aminoethyl ethylene urea dispersant viscosity modifier is prepared from aminoethyl ethylene urea and a maleated ethylene propylene copolymer, commercially available from Mitusi as Lucant TM A-5320H.
  • a 3-L, four-neck flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermowell, sub-surface nitrogen inlet, and Dean-Stark trap with condenser is charged with Lucant A-5320H (900.0 g) and diluent oil (936.2 g) and heated to 100 °C.
  • Aminoethylethylene urea (42.1 g) is charged to the flask and the flask contents heated to 160°C. Once at temperature the contents are stirred for 3 h. Upon filtration the product (1798.3 g) is obtained as a viscous oil.
  • the resulting dispersant viscosity modifier is referred to below as 3.5% MAA urea.
  • Example 2 Preparation of a 3.5% Maleated Ethylene Propylene Aminopropanol Dispersant Viscosity Modifier
  • a 5-L, 4-neck flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermowell, sub-surface nitrogen inlet, and Dean-Stark trap with condenser is charged with Lucant A-5320H (1600.0 g) and 3-aminopropanol (87.0 g).
  • the contents of the flask are stirred and heated to 150°C. At around 100°C, the contents form a gel and stirring is halted. Heating is continued and the gel breaks up around 140°C. Stirring is then resumed. With the flask contents at 150°C, additional Lucant A-5320H (1600.0 g) is added to the flask over the course of 8 hours. After complete addition, the flask is held at 150°C for 2 hours.
  • the flask temperature is then increased to 160°C and held for 6 hours.
  • a second charge of 3-aminopropanol (4.8 g) is added to the flask and the temperature held at 160°C for an additional 5.5 hours.
  • vacuum is applied to less than 1 mmHg and held for 1 hour.
  • the vacuum is then released and flask contents cooled, providing the product (3179.2 g) as a viscous oil.
  • the resulting dispersant viscosity modifier is referred to below as 3.5% MAA aminopropanol.
  • a 2-L, 4-neck flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermowell, sub-surface nitrogen inlet, and an air condenser with attached water cooled condenser is charged with Lucant HC-2000 (1000.0 g), a commercially available olefin copolymer supplied by Mitsui.
  • the contents of the flask are heated to 160°C with a sub-surface nitrogen purge of 0.5 SCFH for 1 hour.
  • Di-tert-butylperoxide (16.0 g) and maleic anhydride (76.0 g) are charged simultaneously to the flask over the course of 2.75 hours.
  • the contents of the flask are held at 160°C for 0.75 hours, then the temperature increased to 180°C with vacuum being applied to 20 mmHg for 4 hours. The vacuum is then released and upon cooling, the product is obtained as a viscous oil (1024.6 g).
  • Example 4 Preparation of a 6.5% Maleated Ethylene Propylene Aminopropanol Dispersant Viscosity Modifier
  • a 3-L, 4-neck flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermowell, sub-surface nitrogen inlet, and Dean-Stark trap with condenser is charged with the 6.5 wt% maleated ethylene propylene copolymer from Example 3 (550.0 g) and diluent oil (1213.2 g) and stirred until homogenous. 869.2 g of this polymer solution is transferred to an addition funnel; the rest of the solution remains in the flask.
  • 3-Aminopropanol (30.3 g) is charged to the flask and the contents of the flask are stirred and heated to 150°C. At approximately 100°C, the flask contents begin to gel and stirring is halted.
  • the gel breaks and stirring is restarted.
  • the polymer solution in the addition funnel is charged to the flask over 5 hours, after which the flask is held at 150°C for 5 hours.
  • Vacuum is applied to the flask at 4 mmHg for 30 min.
  • the vacuum is then released and the product is filtered, providing the product as an orange viscous oil (1712.0 g)
  • the resulting dispersant viscosity modifier is referred to below as 6.5% MAA aminopropanol.
  • the dispersant viscosity modifier of Example 1 is prepared at 50 wt% polymer in 50 wt% diluent oil.
  • the dispersant viscosity modifier of Example 2 is prepared at 100 wt% polymer in 0 wt% diluent oil.
  • Comparative Example 5 includes an amine-free dispersant viscosity modifier (a polymethacrylate (84% C12-15 methacrylate/16% methyl methacrylate), with a weight average molecular weight of 330,000).
  • Examples 6 and 7 contain the dispersant viscosity modifiers of Examples 1 and 2 respectively as well as some of the amine-free dispersant viscosity modifier used in Example 5.
  • Each of the blends is designed to have nearly equivalent kinematic viscosities at 100°C (KV 100 ) to allow for direct comparison: KV 100 about 8.65 cSt, VI about 235, HTHS (150°C) about 2.6cP, D5293 (-35) cold crank about 3650 cP
  • Table 2 Treat rates (wt % of Lubricating Composition) Lubricating composition Comparative Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex 7 3.5% MAA urea from Ex. 1 0.72 (0.36) 3.5% MAA 3-aminopropanol from Ex.
  • the data in parenthesis is the amount of actives for each component.
  • the weight % actives are based on the entire composition.
  • the Dispersant-Inhibitor Package may include some oil.
  • the lubricating compositions of Examples 5-7 include about 0.75% zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) (which delivers about 0.076% phosphorus to the lubricating composition).
  • Friction properties were determined using a Mini Traction Machine (MTM). The lubricants are evaluated in a commercially-available mini-traction tester machine. A simulated concentrated contact forms between a steel ball and a steel disc (Smooth disk). Traction measurements are made at a rolling speed (of the steel ball) of 2.5 m/s and a 20% slide to roll ratio. The temperature was 140 °C and load was 72N. FIGURE 1 shows the Stribeck curve obtained.
  • MTM Mini Traction Machine
  • the performance of both the 3.5% MAA urea and the 3.5% MAA aminopropanol in the finished fluid can be measured in all three regions of the Stribeck curve.
  • the area of interest is the mixed regime, which can be found between the two vertical lines.
  • the mixed regime is indicative of the durability of the friction modifier characteristics of the dispersant viscosity modifier, as determined by the Sequence VID engine test (ASTM D7589), which is heavily weighted towards the mixed regime.
  • comparative Example 8 includes the dispersant viscosity modifier of Example 3 (32 wt % polymer, 68 wt % oil). In the blend of Example 9, this is replaced with the 6.5 % MAA aminopropanol of Example 4 (prepared at 32 wt % polymer, 68 wt % oil) at a treat rate to obtain the following viscometric parameters:
  • Treat rates (wt % of Lubricating Composition) Comp. Ex. 8 Ex. 9 dispersant viscosity modifier from Ex. 3, wt% 2.05 (0.66 wt% active) 6.5% MAA 3-aminopropanol from Ex 4, wt% 2.20 (0.7 wt% active) Viscosity Modifier 3.9 (0.49 wt% active) 3.9 (0.49 wt% active) Pour Point Depressant 0.2 0.2 0.2 Dispersant-Inhibitor Package 14.85 14.85 Base Oil Balance Balance Balance
  • the weight % actives are also based on the entire composition.
  • the lubricating compositions of Examples 8 and 9 include about 1% zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) (which delivers about 0.11% phosphorus to the composition).
  • ZDDP zinc dialkyldithiophosphate
  • the compositions include about 1% sulfated ash and have a TBN of about 8.5.
  • the film thickness of the blends in Table 3 when subjected to boundary, mixed and hydrodynamic lubrication conditions is measured by an elastohydrodynamic (EHD) ball on plate rig. Briefly, a chamber is flooded with one of the blends from Table 3. The chamber is equipped with a ball that rolls on a glass plate and a chromium spacer. By digital analysis of the interference patter of reflected light shined on the ball in contact with the plate, the film thickness is measured to the nanometer scale. The experiment is performed at 140°C over a variety of rolling speeds. Conditions are as follows: 0.5 GPa Hertz Pressure, 17 N.
  • FIGURE 2 shows the EHD data obtained. It can be seen that the Example 9 dispersant viscosity modifier forms a thicker film, as compared to comparative Example 8.
  • hydrocarbyl group is used herein in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include:
  • Heteroatoms include sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and encompass substituents such as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, and imidazolyl.
  • substituents such as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, and imidazolyl.
  • no more than two, and in some embodiments, no more than one non-hydrocarbon substituent is present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group. In one embodiment, there are no non-hydrocarbon substituents in the hydrocarbyl group.
  • each chemical or composition referred to herein should be interpreted as being a commercial grade material which may contain the isomers, by-products, derivatives, and other such materials which are normally understood to be present in the commercial grade.
  • the amount of each chemical component is presented exclusive of any solvent or diluent oil, which may be customarily present in the commercial material, unless otherwise indicated. It is to be understood that the upper and lower amount, range, and ratio limits set forth herein may be independently combined. Similarly, the ranges and amounts for each element of the invention may be used together with ranges or amounts for any of the other elements.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Utilisation d'un modificateur de viscosité dispersant pour améliorer l'épaisseur de film et/ou la performance antiusure d'une composition lubrifiante de moteur, la composition lubrifiante comprenant :
    une huile de viscosité lubrifiante ; et
    au moins 0,05 % en poids d'un modificateur de viscosité dispersant oléosoluble comprenant :
    un squelette polymère à base d'oléfine, le squelette polymère à base d'oléfine comprenant un copolymère d'éthylène-propylène, et
    au moins un groupe greffé dérivé d'aminoéthyl-éthylène-urée, chacun parmi l'au moins un groupe greffé étant indépendamment fixé au squelette polymère à base d'oléfine par une liaison succinimide par l'intermédiaire d'un motif de liaison dérivé d'anhydride maléique ; et dans laquelle chacun parmi l'au moins un groupe greffé est non ioniques, non basique, et non acide.
  2. Utilisation selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle un rapport en poids des groupes greffés au squelette polymère dans le modificateur de viscosité dispersant est d'au moins 1:100, ou est d'au moins 2:100, ou jusqu'à 10:100.
  3. Utilisation selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans laquelle le modificateur de viscosité dispersant comprend au moins deux des groupes greffés par molécule du modificateur de viscosité dispersant, en moyenne.
  4. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle le modificateur de viscosité dispersant a au moins l'un parmi :
    une valeur HLB allant jusqu'à 6, ou au moins 2, où HLB = 20*Mh/M, où Mh est la masse moléculaire de la partie hydrophile de la molécule et M est la masse moléculaire de la molécule entière ;
    un TBN jusqu'à 5, sur une base sans huile, selon le procédé décrit dans l'ASTM D2896-11 ; et
    un TAN allant jusqu'à 5, sur une base sans huile, selon le procédé décrit dans l'ASTM D664-11A.
  5. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle le copolymère éthylène-propylène comprend au moins 10 pour cent molaires d'éthylène.
  6. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle le squelette polymère à base d'oléfine a un poids moléculaire moyen en nombre, tel que mesuré par chromatographie par perméation sur gel, à l'aide d'un étalon de polystyrène, supérieur à au moins 1000.
  7. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle l'huile de viscosité lubrifiante est présente dans la composition à une concentration d'au moins 10 % en poids.
  8. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle l'huile de viscosité lubrifiante a une viscosité cinématique à 100 °C, telle que déterminée par ASTM D445 - 12, inférieure à 15 mm2/s.
  9. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans laquelle le modificateur de viscosité dispersant a une viscosité cinématique à 100 °C, telle que déterminée par ASTM D445 - 12, d'au moins 35 mm2/ s.
  10. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans laquelle la composition comprend en outre au moins l'un parmi un dispersant, un détergent, un détergent surbasique, un antioxydant un modificateur de viscosité, un modificateur de friction, un inhibiteur de corrosion, un abaisseur de point d'écoulement, un agent de gonflement étanchéifiant, un désémulsifiant, et un agent antiusure.
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