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EP3167094B1 - Procédé de nitruration d'un composant d'un système d'injection de carburant - Google Patents

Procédé de nitruration d'un composant d'un système d'injection de carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3167094B1
EP3167094B1 EP15726870.7A EP15726870A EP3167094B1 EP 3167094 B1 EP3167094 B1 EP 3167094B1 EP 15726870 A EP15726870 A EP 15726870A EP 3167094 B1 EP3167094 B1 EP 3167094B1
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Prior art keywords
component
nitriding
nitrogen
injection system
nozzle body
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EP15726870.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3167094A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinrich Werger
Christian Paulus
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/168—Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
    • C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/34—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in more than one step
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
    • F02M2200/9038—Coatings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for nitriding a high pressure loaded, made of an alloy steel component of a fuel injection system.
  • the known nitriding method comprises, in a first step, a nitrocarburizing process in a salt bath and then in a second step a gas nitriding process at a temperature between 520 ° C and 580 ° C at low nitriding potential or low nitriding coefficient (in the range between 0.08 and 0, 5), ie in the so-called ⁇ -range of the teacher diagram.
  • thermochemical diffusion nitration (ammonia, 24h, 480 ° C) of a nozzle body and / or a longitudinally movable nozzle needle, each of alloyed steel as parts of a fuel injection system.
  • the nitriding method of the present invention minimizes the cavitation damage caused by the high pressure load by further increasing the ductility (toughness) under the material surface of the components by the nitriding method.
  • the nitriding process has a positive effect on the swelling resistance. As a result, the life or fatigue strength of the components is increased.
  • Activating reduces the resistance of the component to the diffusion of nitrogen. This step thus increases the nitridability of the component.
  • the subsequent pre-oxidation leads to the component having a higher corrosion resistance during operation.
  • the nitriding process according to the invention reduces, above all, the nitride inclusions along the grain boundaries in the diffusion layer compared with the known nitriding processes.
  • the grain boundaries are less susceptible to breakage, which increases the toughness and thus the robustness against cavitation attack, as well as the swelling resistance of the component.
  • the first nitriding characteristic K N, 1 is between 1 and 10, preferably between 2 and 8.
  • the first nitriding characteristic K N, 1 is thus comparatively high. This results in the teacher diagram at temperatures between 520 ° C and 570 ° C substantially in the ⁇ -nitride region, which ensures a high nitrogen uptake of the activated and flowed around by the nitriding gas component.
  • the second Nitrierkenniere K N, 2 is between 0.2 and 0.4.
  • the second Nitrierkenniere K N, 2 is therefore relatively low. This obstructs a deep in-diffusion of a high nitrogen content into the component. It mainly increases the nitrogen content in the connecting layer; in the base material, the nitrogen content increases to not more than about 6%. The toughness of the component is thus largely retained.
  • a component which has been nitrided by the process according to the invention has on its surface a mass fraction of the nitrogen of between 11% and 25%. This provides a very hard, cavitation, wear and corrosion resistant surface of the component.
  • a component which has been nitrided by the method according to the invention at a first depth t 1 of 10 microns to the surface of the component, a mass fraction of nitrogen between 3% and 8% up.
  • the comparatively large drop in the mass fraction of nitrogen already in 10 ⁇ m component depth leads to a comparatively high toughness of the component despite the high surface hardness.
  • the transition from the connecting layer to the diffusion layer is also approximately at this component depth.
  • a component which has been nitrided by the method according to the invention in a second depth t 2 of 15 microns to the surface of the component to a mass fraction of nitrogen between 2% and 7%. This leads to a further increase in the toughness of the component compared to known nitriding.
  • a component which has been nitrided by the method according to the invention in a third depth t 3 of 20 microns to the surface of the component to a mass fraction of nitrogen between 2% and 6%. This leads to a further increase in the toughness of the component compared to known nitriding.
  • the nitrogen content runs asymptotically to the end of the diffusion zone, and then drops relatively abruptly towards the end of the diffusion zone to the nitrogen content already contained in the base material.
  • the diffusion zone extends to about 500 microns into the component interior.
  • the nitrogen content is lowered so far from the third depth t 3 that only a few nitride intercalations form. The necessary toughness of the material is thus given from this component depth.
  • the component is a nozzle body of a fuel injector for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, wherein the fuel injector has a nozzle needle which is longitudinally movably guided in the nozzle body. Due to the high pressure and the high flow rate of the fuel in the fuel injector and there especially in the nozzle body just just the nozzle body is suitable for a nitriding process according to the invention. For example, at the injection openings of the nozzle body, which open into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, there may be a very high cavitation load. Due to the increased swelling resistance of the Nozzle body can be minimized by the nitriding process according to the invention caused by cavitation or even avoided altogether.
  • Fig.1 shows a teacher diagram: The different state phases of the system iron-nitrogen of a component as a function of the temperature T and the nitriding coefficient K N are shown.
  • the nitriding index K N is plotted logarithmically above the nitriding temperature T.
  • the nitration time is not indicated in the teacher diagram, but usually ranges from 1 hour to 100 hours.
  • K N p NH 3 p H 2 3 / 2
  • p (NH 3 ) is the partial pressure of the ammonia and p (H 2 ) is the partial pressure of the hydrogen.
  • the partial pressure is in each case the pressure in an ideal gas mixture which is assigned to a single gas component. That is, the partial pressure corresponds to the pressure that would be exerted by the single gas component in the presence of the respective volume.
  • the Partial pressure is usually used instead of the mass concentration when considering the diffusion behavior of the dissolved gas.
  • the state phases of the iron-nitrogen system are divided into an ⁇ -nitride region, a ⁇ -nitride region, a ⁇ '-nitride region, and an ⁇ -nitride region.
  • ⁇ -nitrides have very high proportions of nitrogen and are generally found on the surface of the nitrided component, the so-called connection layer or the underlying diffusion layer.
  • the y'-nitride region also has a high nitrogen content, but with more order of nitrogen atoms than in the ⁇ -nitride region.
  • the y'-nitride region is also found in the bonding and diffusion layer. Both the ⁇ -nitride region and the y'-nitride region are comparatively hard and brittle.
  • ⁇ -nitrides also occur, which have very high nitrogen concentrations.
  • the ⁇ -nitride region has a comparatively low nitrogen concentration and is comparatively tough. ⁇ -nitride regions are usually found in the diffusion layer and in the base material.
  • Fig.1 shows a hatched region 12, which is located substantially in the y'-nitride region, with a temperature T in the range between about 520 ° C and 570 ° C and with a nitriding index K N in the range between about 0.2 and 0 ; 4.
  • this hatched region identifies the process step with the low second nitriding characteristic K N, 2 .
  • Fig.2 shows a diagram in which the mass fraction of the nitrogen "mass% of N" of a nitrided with the inventive method component over the component depth "t [ ⁇ m]” is plotted.
  • the component depth t is perpendicular to the surface and the mass fraction of the nitrogen is specified for a range which is at least 1 mm from the next edge or the next contour transition.
  • the curve “MAX” represents the maximum and the curve “MIN" the minimum mass fraction of the nitrogen of the treated component.
  • the nitrogen-containing compound layer of a component treated with the method according to the invention is only about 5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m thick and then the diffusion layer begins.
  • the diffusion layer can extend to over 500 microns in the component depth, but for reasons of representation in the Fig.2 not shown.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a part of a fuel injector 1, wherein only the essential areas are shown.
  • the fuel injector 1 has a nozzle body 4, in which a pressure chamber 2 is formed.
  • the pressure chamber 2 is filled with high-pressure fuel and is fed for example by a common rail, not shown, or a high-pressure pump, not shown, of a fuel injection system.
  • a nozzle needle 3 is arranged longitudinally movable.
  • the nozzle needle 3 opens and closes by their longitudinal movement in the nozzle body 4 formed injection openings 5 for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, not shown.
  • the nozzle body 4 is exposed to cavitation risks, especially in the area of the injection openings 5.
  • the nitriding method according to the invention is used.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Procédé de nitruration d'un composant sollicité avec une pression élevée, constitué d'un acier allié, d'un système d'injection de carburant, caractérisé par les étapes de procédé suivantes :
    - activation du composant dans un acide inorganique,
    - préoxydation du composant dans une atmosphère contenant de l'oxygène entre 380°C et 420°C,
    - nitruration du composant entre 520°C et 570°C, à un premier indice de nitruration élevé KN,1 dans la plage de nitrure ε,
    - nitruration du composant entre 520°C et 570°C à un deuxième indice de nitruration faible KN,2 dans la plage de nitrure γ',
    l'indice de nitruration étant défini par K N = p NH 3 p H 2 3 / 2 .
    Figure imgb0004
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le premier indice de nitruration KN,1 est compris entre 1 et 10.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième indice de nitruration KN,2 est compris entre 0,2 et 0,4.
  4. Composant, nitruré selon un procédé selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la proportion en masse de l'azote à la surface du composant est comprise entre 11 % et 25 %.
  5. Injecteur de carburant (1) pour l'injection de carburant dans une chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne comprenant une aiguille de buse (3) qui est guidée de manière déplaçable longitudinalement dans un corps de buse (4), caractérisé en ce que le corps de buse (4) est un composant selon la revendication 4.
EP15726870.7A 2014-07-11 2015-05-05 Procédé de nitruration d'un composant d'un système d'injection de carburant Active EP3167094B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014213510.9A DE102014213510A1 (de) 2014-07-11 2014-07-11 Verfahren zum Nitrieren eines Bauteils eines Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems
PCT/EP2015/059781 WO2016005073A1 (fr) 2014-07-11 2015-05-05 Procédé de nitruration d'un élément d'un système d'injection de carburant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3167094A1 EP3167094A1 (fr) 2017-05-17
EP3167094B1 true EP3167094B1 (fr) 2019-07-10

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US (1) US10125734B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3167094B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6456000B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR102337455B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN106661712B (fr)
DE (1) DE102014213510A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016005073A1 (fr)

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JP6908485B2 (ja) * 2016-09-30 2021-07-28 Ｄｏｗａサーモテック株式会社 連続窒化処理炉および連続窒化処理方法
JP6345320B1 (ja) 2017-07-07 2018-06-20 パーカー熱処理工業株式会社 表面硬化処理装置及び表面硬化処理方法
DE102017117483A1 (de) * 2017-08-02 2019-02-07 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Wälzlagerkomponente aus Stahl
CN109811297A (zh) * 2017-11-21 2019-05-28 上海一普顿金属制品有限公司 一种热锻模具表面的氮化工艺
CN117157423A (zh) 2020-10-15 2023-12-01 康明斯公司 燃料系统部件
CN112442650B (zh) * 2020-11-11 2023-04-28 中国航发中传机械有限公司 发动机氮化齿轮表面硬度、粗糙度及白层深度的精确控制方法
JP7691090B2 (ja) * 2021-02-17 2025-06-11 パーカー熱処理工業株式会社 鋼部材の窒化処理方法
CN113106378B (zh) * 2021-04-07 2023-03-24 潍坊丰东热处理有限公司 一种中碳合金钢配件的热处理方法
DE102022208459A1 (de) * 2022-08-15 2024-02-15 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zum Wärmebehandeln von Chromstählen
FR3157873A1 (fr) * 2023-12-28 2025-07-04 Safran Helicopter Engines Procede de nitruration de pièces EN ACIER

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JP2017528635A (ja) 2017-09-28
US10125734B2 (en) 2018-11-13
EP3167094A1 (fr) 2017-05-17
KR20170031182A (ko) 2017-03-20
WO2016005073A1 (fr) 2016-01-14
DE102014213510A1 (de) 2016-02-18
CN106661712A (zh) 2017-05-10
JP6456000B2 (ja) 2019-01-23
KR102337455B1 (ko) 2021-12-13
US20170138326A1 (en) 2017-05-18
CN106661712B (zh) 2019-05-28

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