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EP3018365B1 - Pneumatisches gerät - Google Patents

Pneumatisches gerät Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3018365B1
EP3018365B1 EP15192685.4A EP15192685A EP3018365B1 EP 3018365 B1 EP3018365 B1 EP 3018365B1 EP 15192685 A EP15192685 A EP 15192685A EP 3018365 B1 EP3018365 B1 EP 3018365B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
opening
shutter
tubular
economizer device
connection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP15192685.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3018365A1 (de
Inventor
Enzo Landi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elleprogetti Di Enzo Landi
Original Assignee
Elleprogetti Di Enzo Landi
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Publication of EP3018365A1 publication Critical patent/EP3018365A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3018365B1 publication Critical patent/EP3018365B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/06—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor involving features specific to the use of a compressible medium, e.g. air, steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/028—Shuttle valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/20576—Systems with pumps with multiple pumps
    • F15B2211/20592—Combinations of pumps for supplying high and low pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/76—Control of force or torque of the output member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/89—Control specific for achieving vacuum or "negative pressure"

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pneumatic apparatus comprising one or more pneumatic actuators, for example cylinders or suction cups, and an economizer device that can be associated with each pneumatic actuator in order to reduce the consumption of compressed air by each pneumatic actuator whilst maintaining the performance of each pneumatic actuator unvaried.
  • pneumatic actuators for example cylinders or suction cups
  • economizer device that can be associated with each pneumatic actuator in order to reduce the consumption of compressed air by each pneumatic actuator whilst maintaining the performance of each pneumatic actuator unvaried.
  • Known linear pneumatic actuators are typically pneumatic cylinders that comprise a hollow outer casing or container (cylinder) inside which a piston stem slides that divides the inside of the cylinder into two chambers.
  • cylinder hollow outer casing or container
  • a piston stem slides that divides the inside of the cylinder into two chambers.
  • single-action cylinders only one of the chambers is supplied with compressed air so as to exert a thrust force on the piston in just one direction and during one of the strokes of the latter (forward stroke).
  • both chambers are supplied selectively with compressed air to exert respective thrust and traction forces on the piston during the strokes (forward and return).
  • Pneumatic cylinders are generally used in operating apparatuses and machines, inserted inside pneumatic plants or circuits comprising, in addition to other components (rotating actuators, valves, distributors, etc), compression means that is able to supply compressed air at the required supply pressure, typically comprised between 1 and 7 bar (0.1-0.7 Mpa).
  • the compression means comprises one or more compressors provided with electric motors or internal combustion engines.
  • the cost of producing compressed air is a rather significant percentage of total operating costs.
  • This cost comprises not only the energy expense (e.g. electricity) that is required to supply the compression means, but also the routine and extraordinary maintenance thereof, the use of cleaning and filtration systems, the elimination of condensate, refrigeration of air, etc.
  • the quantity of energy necessary for producing compressed air is directly proportionally to the value of the working or operating pressure required in the plant (typically 6-7 bar).
  • Working pressure is calculated in such a manner as to ensure correct operation of the apparatuses and of installations or work points, in particular in work points in which higher pressure is required. Using lower working pressure in a pneumatic plant would thus allow an energy saving but would cause a drop in performance or even a malfunction at the work points in which higher pressure is required.
  • Another drawback of this device is that, during the return stroke, leaks may occur that cause a certain quantity of compressed air to be dispersed.
  • EP 0 541 907 A1 discloses a pneumatic apparatus as in the preamble of claim 1.
  • One object of the invention is to make available a pneumatic apparatus comprising improved economizer devices.
  • Another object of the invention is to make available a pneumatic apparatus that is able to work at lower working pressures so as to reduce significantly energy consumption (in particular, electric energy) necessary for supplying the air compression means and thus obtain a significant financial saving in the costs of running and maintaining the apparatus.
  • a further object is to make available an economizer device that is associable with a linear pneumatic actuator that enables the consumption of compressed air to be reduced maintaining unaltered the performance (thrust and traction force on the piston, speed, acceleration) of the latter.
  • Still another object is to make an economizer device that is compact, with moderate bulk and dimensions and which is easily installable on or integrable into, a linear pneumatic actuator.
  • a further object is to make an economizer device that is simple and cheap and does not increase the total costs of the pneumatic apparatus.
  • Another further object is to make available a pneumatic apparatus that has reliable operation owing to the economizer device that operates completely automatically, adopting autonomously the correct operational configuration in response to the pressure present in the elements of the pneumatic apparatus that are connected thereto.
  • a pneumatic apparatus according to claim 1 is provided.
  • an economizer device (100; 200) is disclosed, which is in particular associable with a chamber (23, 24) of a linear pneumatic actuator (20), comprising:
  • an economizer device comprising a closure element (114) in which said first opening (103) is made and provided with supporting means (115) that is arranged for supporting said second shutter means (112; 212), said supporting means (115) comprising passage means (116) for permitting the pressurized fluid entering through said first opening (103) to flow to said second opening (104).
  • an economizer device according to the second embodiment, in which said second shutter means (212) comprises:
  • an economizer device in which the maximum stroke performed by said second shutter means (212) between said first position (D) and said second position (E) is less than the maximum stroke performed by said first shutter means (111) between said opening position (A) and said closure position (B).
  • an economizer device according to any of the first four embodiments is disclosed, in which said second shutter means (212) comprises a head element (227), in particular that is of tubular shape, that is arranged for engaging with a corresponding portion (118) of said first shutter means (111), said head element (227) being provided with a plurality of passages (227a) that permit the passage of pressurized fluid when said first shutter means (111) is in said closure position (B).
  • an economizer device according to any of the first five embodiments is disclosed, in which said first shutter means comprises a first tubular shutter (111) that is provided with a through longitudinal hole (113) and said second shutter means (112; 212) is arranged in said through longitudinal hole (113).
  • an economizer device according to any of the first fix embodiments is disclosed, in which said first shutter means (111) comprises spacer means (107) that protrudes to a stroke end (108) made in said main conduit (106) and is arranged for abutting on said end stroke (108) at least when said first shutter means (111) is in said closure position (B), said spacer means (107) comprising one or more passage openings (109) that permit a pressurized fluid entering said economizer device (100) through said second opening (104) to reach said main conduit (106).
  • an economizer device in which said second shutter means (112) comprises a head element (117), in particular shaped as a pin, which is provided with first seal means (117a) and is arranged for sealed coupling with a corresponding portion (118) of said first shutter means (111) when the latter is in said opening position (A) to close in a sealed manner the connection between said first opening (103) and said second opening (104).
  • said second shutter means (112) comprises a head element (117), in particular shaped as a pin, which is provided with first seal means (117a) and is arranged for sealed coupling with a corresponding portion (118) of said first shutter means (111) when the latter is in said opening position (A) to close in a sealed manner the connection between said first opening (103) and said second opening (104).
  • an economizer device according to the sixth or the seventh or the eighth embodiment is disclosed, in which said second shutter means (112) is fixed and comprises check valve means (119) arranged for preventing the passage of fluid from said second opening (104) to said first opening (103) when said first shutter means (111) is in said opening position (A) and for permitting the passage of fluid from said first opening (103) to said second opening (104) when said first shutter means (111) is in said closure position (B).
  • a pneumatic apparatus 1 is illustrated that may, in particular, be included in pneumatic plants and circuits for apparatuses and operating machines, such as, for example, automatic packaging machines.
  • the pneumatic apparatus 1 comprises a linear pneumatic actuator 20, in particular a pneumatic cylinder, comprising an outer casing 21 (cylinder) and a piston 22 provided with a stem 25 and slidable inside the casing 21, defining in the latter a first chamber 23 and a second chamber 24.
  • a linear pneumatic actuator 20 in particular a pneumatic cylinder, comprising an outer casing 21 (cylinder) and a piston 22 provided with a stem 25 and slidable inside the casing 21, defining in the latter a first chamber 23 and a second chamber 24.
  • the pneumatic apparatus 1 further comprises fluid distributing means 51 that is arranged for distributing pressurized fluid alternatively in the first chamber 23 and in the second chamber 24.
  • the fluid distributing means 51 may comprise, for example, a four-way and three-position pneumatic solenoid valve or a four-way and two-position pneumatic solenoid valve, as in the illustrated embodiments.
  • the pneumatic apparatus 1 comprises vacuum generating means 60 that may include, for example, a vacuum pump of known type.
  • the pneumatic apparatus may comprise different embodiments of an economizer device 100, 100', 200, 200', 300 that is associated with one of the two chambers 23, 24 of the cylinder.
  • the economizer device 100, 100', 200, 200', 300 is associated with, and flowingly connected with, the second chamber 24. It is understood that, in alternative embodiments that are not shown, the economizer device may be associated with the first chamber 23.
  • the economizer device 100, 100', 200, 200', 300 comprises a body 102 provided with a first opening 103 that is connected to the fluid distributing means 51, with a second opening 104 connected to the second chamber 24 of the pneumatic cylinder 20, and with a third opening 105 connected to the vacuum generating means 60.
  • the openings 103, 104, 105 are connected together by a main conduit 106 made in the body 102.
  • the economizer device 100, 100', 200, 200', 300 may optionally be removably connected to the casing 21, with the second opening 104 that may, for example, be connected to the second chamber 24 by pneumatic connecting means of known type.
  • the economizer device 100, 100', 200, 200', 300 may be integrated into the casing 21.
  • the economizer device 100, 100', 200, 200', 300 comprises flow controlling means 110, that is movable between a first operating configuration C1 and a second operating configuration C2.
  • the flow controlling means 110 permits the connection between the second opening 104 and the third opening 105 to place the vacuum generating means 60 in communication with the second chamber 24, and prevents the connection between the second opening 104 and the first opening 103.
  • the flow controlling means 110 closes the connection between the second opening 104 and the third opening 105 and on the other hand permits the passage of fluid between the second opening 104 and the first opening 103.
  • the flow controlling means 110 comprises a first tubular shutter 111.
  • the economizer device 100, 100' ( Figures 1 , 2 , 8 and 9 ) comprises a fixed second shutter 112.
  • the economizer device 200, 200' ( Figures 3-5 , 10 and 11 ) on the other hand comprises a movable second shutter 212.
  • the first tubular shutter 111 is provided with a through longitudinal hole 113, inside which the second shutter 112, 212 is arranged.
  • the first tubular shutter 111 is movable between an opening position A, in which the first tubular shutter 111 permits the connection between the second opening 104 and the third opening 105 so as to place the vacuum generating means 60 in communication with the second chamber 24, and a closure position B in which first tubular shutter 111 closes the connection between the second opening 104 and the third opening 105.
  • the second shutter 112, 212 is arranged for preventing the connection between the second opening 104 and the first opening 103 when the first tubular shutter 111 is in the opening position A.
  • the economizer device 100, 100', 200, 200' comprises a closure element 114, for example shaped as a cap, that engages with the body 102 to close the main conduit 106 at an end of the latter.
  • a closure element 114 for example shaped as a cap, that engages with the body 102 to close the main conduit 106 at an end of the latter.
  • the closure element 114 the first opening 103 is made.
  • the closure element 114 is provided with supporting means 115 that is arranged for supporting the second shutter 112, 212.
  • the supporting means 115 comprises passage means 116 for permitting the passage of pressurized fluid between the first opening 103 and the through longitudinal hole 113.
  • the fixed second shutter 112 comprises a head element 117, that may be shaped as a pin and is provided with first seal means 117a ( Figure 1 ).
  • the head element 117 is arranged for sealed coupling with a corresponding portion 118 of the first tubular shutter 111 when the latter is in the opening position A, so as to close in a sealed manner the connection between the first opening 103 and the second opening 104.
  • the sealed coupling between the head element 117 and the portion 118 prevents the passage of pressurized fluid into the through longitudinal hole 113 and, consequently, closes the connection between the first opening 103 and the second opening 104.
  • the portion 118 is for example defined by an inner wall portion of the first tubular shutter 111 that bounds the through longitudinal hole 113.
  • check valve means 119 On the fixed second shutter 112 check valve means 119 is mounted that may, for example, be configured as an annular seal lip that surrounds the second shutter 112 and contacts the inner wall of the first tubular shutter 111.
  • the check valve means 119 assists the first seal means 117a to close in a sealed manner the through longitudinal hole 113 and thus prevent the passage of fluid from the second opening 104 to the first opening 103.
  • the check valve means 119 in the second operating configuration C2 permits the pressurized fluid that enters the economizer device 100 through the first opening 103 to flow through the through longitudinal hole 113 to direct itself to the second opening 104.
  • the economizer device 100' comprises elastic means 130, for example configured as a coil spring.
  • the second shutter 212 is on the other hand movable between a first position D and a second position E.
  • the movable second shutter 212 comprises a first seal zone 220, which is slidable inside a seat 221 made in the supporting means 115.
  • vent hole 226 that connects the inside of the seat 221 to the outside of the body 102 in order to prevent a vacuum being created in the seat that could cause a malfunction of the economizer device 200, 200'.
  • the second shutter 212 further comprises a second seal zone 222 that is arranged for engaging in a sealed manner with abutting means 223 made in the supporting means 115.
  • the first seal zone 220 and the second seal zone 222 are at opposite ends of the second shutter 212 so as to define therebetween an intermediate zone 224 in which the passage means 116 leads.
  • the intermediate zone 224 may, for example, be shaped like an annular chamber that surrounds a portion of the second shutter 212 and is bounded by the first seal zone 220, by the second seal zone 222 and by the supporting means 115.
  • the second seal zone 222 has a radial extent (diameter) that is greater than the radial extent (diameter) of the first seal zone 220.
  • Radial extent is understood to means the extent in the direction that is substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis X around which there extend, in a substantially coaxial manner, the main conduit 106 and the through longitudinal hole 113. It should be noted that also the first tubular shutter 111 and the second shutter 212 may be, for example, coaxial to the longitudinal axis X.
  • the second seal zone 222 abuts in a sealing manner on the abutting means 223 to close in a sealed manner the connection between the first opening 103 and the second opening 104 when the first tubular shutter 111 is in the opening position A.
  • the second seal zone 222 does not contact the abutting means 223 so as to permit the passage of pressurized fluid between the first opening 103 and the second opening 104 when the first tubular shutter 111 is in the closure position B.
  • the movable second shutter 212 comprises a respective head element 227 that is of tubular shape.
  • the head element 227 is provided with a plurality of passages 227a that are arranged for permitting the passage of pressurized fluid through the through longitudinal hole 113 when the first tubular shutter 111 is in the closure position B.
  • the economizer device 200' comprises check valve means 219.
  • the check valve means 219 which may be for example configured as an annular sealing lip, is mounted on the movable second shutter 212.
  • the check valve means 219 surrounds a portion of the movable second shutter 112 that is interposed between the second seal zone 222 and the head element 227, and contacts the inner wall of the first tubular shutter 111.
  • the check valve means 219 assists the second seal zone 222 to close in a sealed manner the through longitudinal hole 113 and thus prevent the passage of fluid from the second opening 104 to the first opening 103.
  • the check valve means 219 permits the pressurized fluid that enters the economizer device 200' through the first opening 103 to flow through the through longitudinal hole 113 to direct itself to the second opening 104.
  • the economizer device 200' further comprises elastic means 230, for example configured as a coil spring.
  • the first tubular shutter 111 of the economizer device 100, 100', 200, 200' comprises spacer means 107.
  • the latter protrudes from the first tubular shutter to a stroke end 108 made in the main conduit 106.
  • the stroke end 108 may, for example, be shaped as a shoulder obtained in the main conduit 106.
  • the spacer means 107 is arranged for abutting on the stroke end 108 at least when the first tubular shutter 111 is in the closure position B.
  • the spacer means 107 comprises one or more passage openings 109 that permit a pressurized fluid entering the economizer device 100, 100', 200, 200' through the second opening 104 to reach the main conduit 106.
  • the spacer means 107 functions as a movement promoting means to ensure that the first tubular shutter 111 starts to move from the closure position B to the opening position A.
  • the pressurized fluid entering the economizer device 100, 100', 200, 200' through the second opening 104 might not find a suitable area on which to exert a thrust action to take the first tubular shutter 111 from the closure position B to the opening position A.
  • the spacer means 107 thus supplies a spacer element that enables the pressurized fluid to be able to press on an annular area of the first tubular shutter 111 of suitable dimensions, so as to ensure the movement of the first tubular shutter 111 from the closure position B to the opening position A.
  • the first tubular shutter 111 further comprises seal means 125, for example one or more O-rings of known type, which are associated with the outer wall of the first tubular shutter 111 facing the main conduit 106.
  • the seal means 125 comprises two seal rings that are positioned on the aforesaid outer wall in suitable positions that enable the third opening 105 to be sealingly isolated when the first tubular shutter 111 is in the closure position B. In other words, in this position the third opening 105 faces a zone of the outer wall interposed between the two seal rings.
  • the movable second tubular shutter 212 is provided with seal means 225, for example a plurality of O-rings.
  • the seal means 225 may comprise a first seal ring 225a that is positioned at the second seal zone 222 facing the abutting means 223, and a second seal ring 225b adjacent to the head element 227.
  • the second seal ring 225b enables a hydraulic seal to be made between the second tubular shutter 212 and the first tubular shutter 111 (when the latter is in the opening position A) so as to close in a sealed manner the connection between the first opening 103 and the second opening 104.
  • the seal means 225 in particular the first and the second seal ring 225a and 225b, and the check valve means 219 thus prevent the passage of pressurized fluid in the through longitudinal hole 113 and consequently close the connection between the first opening 103 and the second opening 104.
  • the flow controlling means 110 is shaped as shuttle means 131, that is movable, and slidably housed, in the main conduit 106.
  • the shuttle means 131 is provided with first conduit means 132 ( Figure 6 ), which is arranged for connecting the second opening 104 to the third opening 105, and second conduit means 133 ( Figure 7 ), which is arranged for connecting the first opening 103 to the second opening 104.
  • the first conduit means 132 and the second conduit means 133 comprise a plurality of conduits that are arranged around the longitudinal axis X, for example according to a configuration in which the conduits of the first conduit means 132 alternate with the conduits of the second conduit means 133.
  • the shuttle means 131 is positioned in a position that is such that the first conduit means 132 permits the connection between the second opening 104 and the third opening 105 to place the vacuum generating means 60 in communication with the second chamber 24 and, at the same time, the connection between the second opening 104 and the first opening 103 is closed.
  • the shuttle means 131 is positioned in a manner that is such that the first conduit means 132 does not connect the second opening 104 and the third opening 105 and, at the same time, the second conduit means 133 permits the connection between the second opening 104 and the first opening 103.
  • the shuttle means 131 comprises an annular throat 134 into which the first conduit means 132 leads.
  • the annular throat 134 is made in a position that is such as to face the third opening 105 when the shuttle means 131 is in the first operating configuration C1.
  • the shuttle means 131 further comprises a tubular portion 135 that is substantially coaxial with the longitudinal axis X and in contact with the walls of the main conduit 106.
  • the tubular portion 135 is arranged for obstructing the third opening 105 when the shuttle means 131 is in the second operating configuration C2.
  • the annular throat 134 faces the third opening 105 so that the latter is connected to the second opening 104 by the first conduit means 132 ( Figure 6 ).
  • the tubular portion 135 faces the third opening 105 and the annular throat 134 faces the walls of the main conduit 106 ( Figure 7 ).
  • this conformation of the shuttle means 131 means that it acts as a shutter element that is selectively able to open or close the third opening 105 respectively when the latter is faced by the annular throat 134 or the tubular portion 135.
  • the shuttle means 131 further comprises throttle means 136, interposed between the first conduit means 132 and the second opening 104 and arranged for adjusting the flowrate of the fluid entering the economizer device 300 from the second opening 104.
  • the pneumatic actuator 20 can be typically used to control an element of the plant or operating machine, such as for example to move a slide.
  • the pneumatic actuator 20 is a pneumatic cylinder, it typically has forward stroke (operating stroke) during which the controlled element moves to perform the intended task, and a return stroke for returning the controlled element to the initial position.
  • the fluid distributing means 51 is movable between a first work configuration P1 and a second work configuration P2.
  • the fluid distributing means 51 connects the first opening 103 to an environment at atmospheric pressure and sends air at working pressure p in the first chamber 23, to move the piston 22 in a forward or work stroke. Movement of the piston 22 reduces the volume of the second chamber 24 so as to cause pressurized air to exit the second chamber 24.
  • the pressurized air that exits the second chamber 24 enters the economizer device 100, 100' through the second opening 104.
  • the pressurized air reaches the main conduit 106, where it meets the first tubular shutter 111 arranged in the closure position B.
  • the pressurized air traverses the spacer means 107 and pushes the first tubular shutter 111 in the direction indicated by the arrow H until the first tubular shutter 111 is taken to abut on the closure element 114, that acts as a stroke end.
  • the first tubular shutter 111 is then taken to the opening position A so as to permit the connection between the third opening 105 and the second opening 104.
  • the vacuum generating means 60 is flowingly connected with the second chamber 24 so as to suck compressed air from the latter. Consequently, to a thrust force generated on the piston 22 by the pressurized air in the first chamber 23 a further thrust force is added that is generated by the vacuum made in the second chamber 24.
  • the elastic means 130 acts on the first shutter 111 and cooperates with the pressure of the fluid entering from the second opening 104 to maintain the first tubular shutter 111 in the opening position A.
  • the elastic means 130 makes the economizer device 100' more reliable.
  • the vacuum created by the vacuum generating means 60 could in fact in certain operating conditions generate a sucking force on the first tubular shutter 111 that is opposed to the force exerted on the latter by the pressure of the operating fluid entering through the second opening 104, i.e. a sucking force that tends to take the first tubular shutter 111 to the stroke end 108.
  • the first tubular shutter 111 remains in the opening position A even if the aforesaid sucking force is generated.
  • the fluid distributing means 51 adopts the second work configuration P2, in which it connects the first chamber 23 to the environment at atmospheric pressure and sends air at working pressure p to the first opening 103.
  • the pressurized air enters the latter, traverses the passage means 116 and reaches the first tubular shutter 111, which is in the opening position A.
  • the pressurized air pushes the first tubular shutter 111 in the direction indicated by the arrow K until the spacer means 107 reaches and abuts on the stroke end 108.
  • the first tubular shutter 111 compresses the elastic means 130, if it is present, and is taken again to the closure position B, it which it obstructs third opening 105 and closes in a sealed manner the connection between the latter and the second opening 104, i.e. between the vacuum generating means 60 and the second chamber 24.
  • the pressurized air that enters from the first opening 103 traverses the through longitudinal hole 113 and exits from the second opening 104 to discharge into the second chamber 24 so as to push the piston 22 in the return stroke ( Figures 2 and 9 ).
  • the elastic means 230 cooperates with the pressure of the fluid entering from the second opening 104 to maintain the first tubular shutter 111 in the opening position A, in a similar manner to what has been explained previously with reference to Figures 8 and 9 .
  • the first tubular shutter 111 and the second shutter 212 move together until the second seal zone 222 comes to abut on the abutting means 223.
  • the through longitudinal hole 113 and, consequently, the connection between the second opening 104 and the first opening 103 is sealingly closed owing to the cooperation between the second seal zone 222 and the abutting means 223, and also owing to the seal means 225 and to the check valve means 219, if it is present ( Figure 10 ).
  • the first tubular shutter 111 is in the opening position A and the movable second shutter 212 is in the first position D.
  • the fluid distributing means 51 adopts the second work configuration P2.
  • the force F originates that tends to move the second seal zone 222 away from the abutting means 223 so as to take the movable second shutter 212 to the second position E.
  • a passage opens for the pressurized air, which can thus enter the through longitudinal hole 113. From here, i.e.
  • the pressurized air exerts a thrust action on the first tubular shutter 111 in the direction indicated by the arrow K so as to take the first tubular shutter 111 to the closure position B, in which the elastic means 230 (if it is present) is compressed and the spacer means 107 reaches and abuts on the stroke end 108 ( Figures 4 and 11 ).
  • the second position E of the movable second shutter 212 is in a position of equilibrium in which the shutter is positioned and depends, on the one hand, on the pressure of the fluid (air) that enters the economizer device 200, 200' through the first opening 103, and on the other side, on the pressure of the fluid in the second chamber 24.
  • Figure 5 the first tubular shutter 111 is shown in the closure position B and the movable second shutter 212 in a second position E in which the head element 227 abuts on the portion 118.
  • Figure 5 shows the second shutter 212 in a stroke end position.
  • the maximum stroke performed by the movable second shutter 212 between the first position D and the second position E is less than the maximum stroke performed by the first tubular shutter 111 between the opening position A and the closure position B.
  • the maximum stroke of the movable second shutter 212 is defined by the maximum distance M (taken in a longitudinal direction) between the second seal zone 222 and the abutting means 223.
  • the maximum stroke of the first tubular shutter 111 is defined by the maximum distance N between the bottom of the first tubular shutter 111 and the closure element 114.
  • the economizer device 200, 200' also enables the supply pressure to be reduced in the second chamber 24 and thus enables air consumption to be reduced in the movement of the piston 22 in a return stroke.
  • the movable second shutter 212 in fact acts as a pressure-reducing element that is known in the prior art that enables the working pressure p to be reduced of the air entering from the first opening 103 to a reduced pressure p r that is less than the working pressure p. Owing to the second shutter 212 it is thus possible to adjust the air pressure inside the second chamber 24, in particular in the case of a return stroke of the piston without a load.
  • the economizer device 300 ( Figures 6 and 7 ) operates in a similar manner. Nevertheless, unlike the other embodiments, as said, the flow controlling means 110 is shaped as shuttle means 131.
  • the piston 22 When the fluid distributing means 51 is in the first work configuration P1, the piston 22 performs the forward stroke and the pressurized air (exiting the second chamber 24) enters the economizer device 300 through the second opening 104 to push the shuttle means 131 in the direction indicated by the arrow H.
  • the shuttle means 131 thus adopts the first operating configuration C1, in which the first conduit means 132 connects the second opening 104 and the third opening 105 to place the vacuum generating means 60 in communication with the second chamber 24 ( Figure 6 ).
  • the fluid distributing means 51 adopts the second work configuration P2, in which it delivers pressurized air to the first opening 103.
  • the pressurized air pushes the shuttle means 131 in the direction indicated by the arrow K until the shuttle means 131 reaches and abuts on the stroke end 108 (shoulder). Further, the pressurized air enters the second conduit means 133 to reach the second opening 104, and, consequently, the second chamber 24 ( Figure 7 ).
  • the value of the force developed by the cylinder and measured on the stem 25 depends on the actual thrust section of the piston 22 (i.e. the area of the piston, for example in mm 2 ) on which the pressurized air can act, and the pressure (bar) of the air delivered to the chambers 23, 24.
  • a pneumatic apparatus 1 is now considered that is provided with the economizer device according to the invention associated with the linear pneumatic actuator.
  • the vacuum generating means 60 supply a vacuum equal to 0.9 bar (90 KPa).
  • a pneumatic apparatus 1 comprising the embodiment of the economizer device 100, 100' specified in Figures 1 and 2 , 8 and 9 or the embodiment of the economizer device 300 specified in Figures 6 and 7 .
  • the economizer device 100, 100', 300 enables a thrust force on the actuator to be obtained that is much greater than that available for an actuator devoid of the economizer device.
  • the pneumatic apparatus 1 works at a working pressure of 6 bar, the thrust force available to the actuator is much greater owing to the presence of the economizer device 100, 100', and 300.
  • the economizer devices 100, 100' and 300 in which during the forward stroke of the piston 22 the vacuum generating means 60 supplies thereto a further thrust force F' s(5) ( Figures 1 , 6 and 8 ), enables about 15% of pressurized air to be saved compared with a similar pneumatic apparatus devoid of these economizer devices.
  • the economizer device 200, 200' With reference to the pneumatic apparatus 1 comprising the embodiment of the economizer device 200, 200' shown in Figures 3-5 , 10 and 11 it is noted that even in this case during the forward stroke of the piston 22 the vacuum generating means 60 supplies thereto a further thrust force F' s(5) calculated previously ( Figures 3 and 10 ). Further, in this embodiment, the economizer device 200, 200' enables a further pressurized air saving to be obtained owing to the fact that the second shutter 212 acts as a pressure reducer and thus enables working pressure p, equal to 5 bar, to be reduced as far as reduced pressure p r , equal to about 50% of working pressure p, i.e. 2.5 bar ( Figures 4 , 5 and 11 ).
  • the economizer device 200, 200' that is able to reduce working pressure during the return stroke of the piston, enables about 35% of pressurized air to be saved compared with a similar pneumatic apparatus devoid of the economizer device.
  • the economizer device 100, 100', 200, 200', 300 of the invention also enables wear to the aforesaid compression means routine and extraordinary maintenance costs thereof to be reduced. Further, the lower air consumption enables the costs of cleaning, filtering, air filtration and condensation elimination to be reduced. The lower energy consumption enables CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere to be reduced, with evident benefits for the environment.
  • the compression units are not only subjected to less stress but are also less noisy, this causing a significant reduction in existing noise pollution (decibels/hour) in the work environment.
  • economizer device 100, 100', 200, 200', 300 if used at standard working pressure standard, and thus at non-reduced pressure, is that it supplies a significantly increased thrust force to the actuator. It is clear that in this case the economizer device does not enable the same compressed air consumption savings to be made but does enable to a considerable increase in the performance supplied by the linear pneumatic actuator (in particular thrust force) to be obtained for the same working pressure.
  • the economizer device 100, 100', 200, 200', 300 of the invention is moreover particularly compact, with moderate bulk and dimensions and is thus easily installable on a linear pneumatic actuator. It should be noted that a pneumatic apparatus can be equipped with the economizer devices according to the invention even subsequently to the installation of the plant or of the operating machine.
  • the economizer device 100, 100', 200, 200', 300 of the invention has a structure that is simple and therefore rather cheap to make. Consequently, the economizer devices 100, 100', 200, 200', 300 according to the invention do not significantly increase the total costs of the pneumatic apparatus 1.
  • the pneumatic apparatus 1 has reliable operation thanks to the economizer device 100, 100', 200, 200' 300 that operates completely automatically.
  • the flow controlling means 110 adopts each time the first or the second operating configuration independently, on the basis of the pressure of the fluid (compressed air) present in the second chamber 24 and of the working pressure p.
  • the economizer devices 100, 100', 200, 200', 300 of the invention may also be associated with a single-effect pneumatic cylinder provided in the chamber traversed by the stem of a spring for performing the return stroke.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Pneumatische Vorrichtung (1) mit:
    - einem linearen pneumatischen Aktuator (20) der ein Gehäuse (21) und einen Kolben (22) aufweist, der innerhalb des Gehäuses (21) verschiebbar ist und der in dem Letzteren eine erste Kammer (23) und eine zweite Kammer (24) definiert,
    - einem Fluidverteilmittel (51), das dazu angeordnet ist, ein unter Druck stehendes Fluid alternativ in die erste Kammer (23) und in die zweite Kammer (24) zu verteilen,
    - einer Economiser-Vorrichtung (100; 100'; 200; 200'; 300) die Folgendes aufweist:
    einen Körper (102), der mit einer ersten Öffnung (103) versehen ist, die mit dem Fluidverteilmittel (51) verbunden ist, mit einer zweiten Öffnung (104), die mit einer der Kammern (24) verbunden ist, und mit einer dritten Öffnung (105), wobei die erste, zweite und dritte Öffnung (103, 104, 105) miteinander durch einen Hauptkanal (106) verbunden sind, der in dem Körper (102) ausgebildet ist;
    ein Flusskontrollmittel (110), das zwischen einer ersten Arbeitskonfiguration (C1), in der das Flusskontrollmittel (110) die Verbindung zwischen der zweiten Öffnung (104) und der dritten Öffnung (105) erlaubt und die Verbindung zwischen der zweiten Öffnung (104) und der ersten Öffnung (103) verhindert, und einer zweiten Arbeitskonfiguration (C2) beweglich ist, in der das Flusskontrollmittel (110) die Verbindung zwischen der zweiten Öffnung (104) und der dritten Öffnung (105) verschließt und den Durchlass von Fluid zwischen der zweiten Öffnung (104) und der ersten Öffnung (103) erlaubt;
    gekennzeichnet durch das Vorhandensein eines Vakuumerzeugungsmittels (60), das mit der dritten Öffnung (105) verbunden ist, so dass das Flusskontrollmittel (110) in der ersten Arbeitskonfiguration (C1) das Vakuumerzeugungsmittel (60) in Verbindung mit der Kammer (24) setzt.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei der das Flusskontrollmittel (110) einen ersten rohrförmigen Verschluss (111) aufweist, der zwischen einer Öffnungsposition (A), in der der erste rohrförmige Verschluss (111) die Verbindung zwischen der zweiten Öffnung (104) und der dritten Öffnung (105) erlaubt, um so das Vakuumerzeugungsmittel (60) in Verbindung mit der Kammer (24) zu setzen, und einer Schließposition (B) beweglich ist, in der der erste rohrförmige Verschluss (111) die Verbindung zwischen der zweiten Öffnung (104) und der dritten Öffnung (105) verschließt.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, bei der das Flusskontrollmittel (110) einen zweiten Verschluss (112; 212) aufweist, der angeordnet ist, um die Verbindung zwischen der zweiten Öffnung (104) und der ersten Öffnung (103) zu verhindern, wenn der erste rohrförmige Verschluss (111) in der genannten Öffnungsposition (A) ist.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, bei der der erste rohrförmige Verschluss (111) mit einem Durchgangslängsloch (113) versehen ist, worin der zweite Verschluss (112; 212) angeordnet ist.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, bei der die Economiser-Vorrichtung (100; 100'; 200; 200') ein Verschlusselement (114) aufweist, worin die erste Öffnung (103) gebildet ist und das mit einem Aufnahmemittel (115) versehen ist, das angeordnet ist, um den zweiten Verschluss (112; 212) aufzunehmen.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, bei der das Aufnahmemittel (115) ein Durchlassmittel (116) aufweist, um den Durchlass von unter Druck stehendem Fluid zwischen der ersten Öffnung (103) und durch das Durchgangslängsloch (113) zu erlauben.
  7. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, bei der der zweite Verschluss (112) ein Kopfelement (117) aufweist, das insbesondere als ein Stift geformt ist, der mit einem ersten Dichtungsmittel (117a) versehen ist und angeordnet ist, um eine abgedichtete Kupplung mit einem entsprechenden Teil (118) des ersten rohrförmigen Verschlusses (111) zu bewirken, wenn der Letztere in der Öffnungsposition (A) ist, um in einer abgedichteten Weise die Verbindung zwischen der ersten Öffnung (103) und der zweiten Öffnung (104) zu verschließen.
  8. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, bei der der zweite Verschluss (212) ein Kopfelement (227) aufweist, das von rohrförmiger Form ist und mit einer Mehrzahl von Durchlässen (227a) versehen ist, die den Durchlass von unter Druck stehendem Fluid erlauben, wenn der erste rohrförmige Verschluss (111) in der genannten Schließposition (B) ist.
  9. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6 oder nach Anspruch 8, bei der der zweite Verschluss (212) Folgendes aufweist:
    - eine erste Dichtungszone (220), die innerhalb eines Sitzes (221) verschiebbar ist, der in dem Aufnahmemittel (115) ausgebildet ist,
    - eine zweite Dichtungszone (222), die dazu ausgebildet ist, in einer abgedichteten Weise an einem Anlagemittel (223) anzuliegen, das in dem Aufnahmemittel (115) ausgebildet ist, wobei die erste und die zweite Dichtungszone (220, 222) an gegenüberliegenden Enden des zweiten Verschlusses (212) angeordnet sind, um so dazwischen eine Zwischenzone (224) zu definieren, in die ein Durchlassmittel (116) des Aufnahmemittels (115) führt, wobei die zweite Dichtungszone (222) eine radiale Ausdehnung hat, die größer als die radiale Ausdehnung der ersten Dichtungszone (220) ist,
    wobei der zweite Verschluss (212) zwischen einer ersten Position (D), in der die zweite Dichtungszone (222) an dem Anlagemittel (223) anliegt, um die Verbindung zwischen der ersten Öffnung (103) und der zweiten Öffnung (104) in einer abgedichteten Weise abzuschließen, wenn der erste rohrförmige Verschluss (111) in der Öffnungsposition (A) ist, und einer zweiten Position (E) beweglich ist, in der die zweite Dichtungszone (222) das Anlagemittel (223) nicht kontaktiert, um so den Durchlass von unter Druck stehendem Fluid zwischen der ersten Öffnung (103) und der zweiten Öffnung (104) zu erlauben, wenn der erste rohrförmige Verschluss (111) in der Schließposition (B) ist.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, bei der der maximale Hub (M), der von dem zweiten Verschluss (212) zwischen der ersten Position (D) und der zweiten Position (E) ausgeführt wird, geringer ist als der maximale Hub (N), der von dem ersten rohrförmigen Verschluss (111) zwischen der Öffnungsposition (A) und der Schließposition (B) gemacht wird.
  11. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 2 bis 10, bei der der erste rohrförmige Verschluss (111) ein Abstandsmittel (107) aufweist, das zu einem Hubende (108) hervorsteht, das in dem Hauptkanal (106) ausgebildet ist und das angeordnet ist, um an dem Hubende (108) anzuliegen, wenn der erste rohrförmige Verschluss (111) in der Schließposition (B) ist, wobei das Abstandsmittel (107) eine oder mehrere Durchlassöffnungen (109) aufweist, die es einem unter Druck stehenden Fluid erlauben, in die Economiser-Vorrichtung (100; 100'; 200; 200') durch die zweite Öffnung (104) einzutreten, um den Hauptkanal (106) zu erreichen.
  12. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 2 bis 11, bei der die Economiser-Vorrichtung (100; 100'; 200; 200') ein elastisches Mittel (130; 230) aufweist, das auf den ersten Verschluss (111) wirkt und mit dem Druck des Fluids zusammenwirkt, das von der zweiten Öffnung (104) eintritt, um den ersten rohrförmigen Verschluss (111) in der Öffnungsposition (A) zu halten.
  13. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem vorhergehenden Anspruch, bei dem die Economiser-Vorrichtung (100; 100'; 200; 200'; 300) mit dem Gehäuse (21) beweglich verbunden ist, insbesondere indem die zweite Öffnung (104) mit der zweiten Kammer (24) durch ein pneumatisches Verbindungsmittel gekoppelt ist.
  14. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, bei der die Economiser-Vorrichtung (100; 100'; 200; 200'; 300) in das Gehäuse (21) integriert ist.
  15. Verwendung einer Economiser-Vorrichtung (100; 100'; 200; 200'), die Folgendes aufweist:
    - einen Körper (102), der mit einer ersten Öffnung (103) versehen ist, die mit einem Fluidverteilmittel (51) verbindbar ist, das angeordnet ist, um unter Druck stehendes Fluid alternativ zu einer ersten (23) und zu einer zweiten (24) Kammer eines linearen pneumatischen Aktuators (20) zu verteilen, mit einer zweiten Öffnung (104), die mit einer der Kammern (23, 24) verbindbar ist, und mit einer dritten Öffnung (105), die mit einem Vakuumerzeugungsmittel (60) verbindbar ist, wobei die erste, zweite und dritte Öffnung (103, 104, 105) gemeinsam durch einen Hauptkanal (106) verbunden sind, der in dem Körper (102) ausgebildet ist;
    - ein erstes Verschlussmittel (111), das zwischen einer Öffnungsposition (A), in der das erste Verschlussmittel (111) die Verbindung zwischen der zweiten Öffnung (104) und der dritten Öffnung (105) erlaubt, und einer Schließposition (B) beweglich ist, in der das erste Verschlussmittel (111) die Verbindung zwischen der zweiten Öffnung (104) und der dritten Öffnung (105) verschließt;
    - ein zweites Verschlussmittel (112; 212), das angeordnet ist, um die Verbindung zwischen der zweiten Öffnung (104) und der ersten Öffnung (103) zu verhindern, wenn das erste Verschlussmittel (111) in der Öffnungsposition (A) ist, und um den Durchlass von Fluid zwischen der zweiten Öffnung (104) und der ersten Öffnung (103) zu erlauben, wenn das erste Verschlussmittel (111) in der Schließposition (B) ist;
    wobei die erste Öffnung (103) mit dem Fluidverteilmittel (51) verbunden ist, wobei die zweite Öffnung (104) mit einer der Kammern (23, 24) verbunden ist, und wobei die dritte Öffnung (105) mit dem Vakuumerzeugungsmittel (60) verbunden ist.
EP15192685.4A 2014-11-03 2015-11-03 Pneumatisches gerät Not-in-force EP3018365B1 (de)

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DE1175046B (de) * 1956-10-18 1964-07-30 Renault Ventil zur selbsttaetigen Entlueftung von Druckluftanlagen
AT240122B (de) * 1963-05-22 1965-05-10 Hoerbiger Ventilwerke Ag Doppelrückshlagventil
US3359995A (en) * 1965-07-02 1967-12-26 Tap Rite Products Corp Automatic three-way valve
NL7409931A (en) * 1974-07-23 1976-01-27 Wabco Westinghouse Gmbh Pneumatic servomechanism piston and cylinder type - of small dimensions and easy to fix is fitted with deaeration valves
JPH04302703A (ja) * 1991-03-30 1992-10-26 Mazda Motor Corp アクチュエータの駆動装置
US5279322A (en) * 1991-11-14 1994-01-18 Smc Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust valve
JPH0545350U (ja) * 1991-11-19 1993-06-18 オカダアイヨン株式会社 バツクホー取付作業機具用自動三方切換弁
JPH11287210A (ja) * 1998-04-03 1999-10-19 Suzuki Motor Corp アクチュエータの切換装置
ITMO20110237A1 (it) 2011-09-19 2013-03-20 Enzo Landi Dispositivo economizzatore per attuatore pneumatico lineare e metodo per comandare detto attuatore pneumatico lineare

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